AND
March 8, 2010
Board of Directors Meeting
Sid Logan,
Executive Director of Operations
A. Projected or actual enrollment declines and the likelihood that they will remain
permanent;
B. The effect that the disposition or retirement shall have on other facilities and
on the District's educational program offering;
G. Whether or not the facility may effectively be used for other purposes.
History
The original Trafton School was established in 1888. The current building opened in
the fall of 1912. The historic main building has been in continuous operation since
1912, and is the oldest continuously operated school in the state.
Attendance Area
Trafton is a school of choice and therefore does not have an elementary attendance
area. All K-5 students residing in the school district may attend Trafton on a space
available basis. District bus transportation is available to Trafton students residing in
the portion of the Eagle Creek Attendance area east of both forks of the
Stillaguamish River. This includes the Jordan, Arlington Heights, Trafton, Cicero and
Oso neighborhoods. Families are responsible for transporting students residing in
other portions of the district.
The Study and Survey scored the building 25 out of 100 possible on OSPI form 1513
(Building Condition Evaluation) with a suitability code of 1, which means that the
current use of space is not compatible with intended use or design.
In 2008, the Trafton Parent Teacher Club (PTC) enlisted the services of SMR
Architects to report on the condition and potential improvements to the historic
building (see Tab 3). The charge given to SMR was to evaluate the building with an
eye toward improvement and repairs that would reduce or eliminate the non-historic
alterations that have been made to the building while at the same time bringing the
building up to current health and safety standards.
A committee of the PTC has been working for the past few years to secure funds to
donate to the district to facilitate repairs and improvements consistent with its historic
status. The SMR report is a preliminary review and highlights the following needed
rehabilitations and improvements:
1. Fire and Life safety - SMR identified concerns regarding the 2 nd floor
emergency exit and the lack of fire sprinklers.
2. Seismic Improvements - The report suggests further study to look for cost
effective seismic improvements.
3. Accessibility - No means are provided for disabled access.
4. Building Envelope Improvements - These include replacement of the 1985
restroom addition plus concerns with siding, roofing and some of the non-
historic elements.
5. Energy Improvements - The need to replace the 30+ year old oil furnace and
HVAC ducting plus improve indoor air quality and lighting.
6. Interior Improvements - SMR had concerns with interior finishes, exposed
conduits and recommended plumbing upgrades.
SMR's estimated cost for the recommended renovations is between $320,000 and
$430,000.
It is important to understand that the PTC's committee's goal is to return the building
to its historic status and is committed to that end. The district's need is to have high
The most imminent repair to the historic building was specifically not addressed by
the SMR report. The bell cupola and support are beginning to fail due to age and
water damage and is the source of a current water leak into the building's attic. The
district has made a stop-gap repair to prevent additional water damage to the
building but does not currently have the funds to repair the cupola. The PTC is
working to secure funding so that the cupola and bell can be restored to their historic
state.
Portables: District Portable #4 was purchased in 1968 and was remodeled in 1989
when a portion of the portable was made into bathrooms with outside entries. The
remaining portion of the portable is used as a music classroom. District Portables
#21 and #22 were both purchased in 1988. One unit houses the Kindergarten class
and the other the fifth grade class. The newest portable, #24 was purchased in
1995. This portable is used as a library and computer lab.
A Portable Condition Survey was conducted by the district in November 2002 (see
Tab 4). The results of the survey are listed below in Table 2.
All four portables met code requirements. Portable #4 was noted as having water
damage to floor joists and was deemed not movable. Since this survey was
conducted, two portables have received new carpeting and all four portables have
had portions of the exterior siding replaced. Portables are not reviewed in the State
Study and Survey. Three of the four portables have exceeded their 20 year life.
Current concerns include water damage to the siding of all four portables and the
floor of portable #4.
Office: The office is located in a small 1-112 story house built in 1930 with a full
basement. The building is typical of houses of this vintage and is generally in good
repair. Known issues include a wooden porch in need of replacement, siding in need
of repainting, and a roof approaching the end of its useful life.
Playground: Trafton has a large playground that meets all safety requirements, it
was recently improved by replacing pea gravel with wood chips. The playground is
well sized, the equipment is appropriately spaced and in good condition.
Fire Safety: The 2009 Study and Survey highlighted the need for a sprinkler system
in the historic building and upgrades to the fire alarm system.
Emergency Exit: The current 2 nd floor emergency exit is beginning to fail and is a
concern raised by both the SMS report and the Study and Survey.
Seismic Resistance: The historic 1912 building was not constructed with the
currents codes that provide for seismic resilience.
Indoor Air Quality: The most recent inspection by the Snohomish Health District
(see Tab 5) found that each of the four classrooms exceeded the recommended
levels of Carbon Dioxide (CO,). The Health District recorded levels of CO, from1260-
1550 ppm in each of the four classrooms in the historic building. Carbon dioxide
levels should not exceed 1000 ppm.
During the February 13, 2010 School Board facilities tour, staff noted that two of the
four portables have musty smells, an indication of water intrusion.
Figure 2 below, illustrates that the student enrollment for Trafton Elementary School
has been fairly steady and near capacity.
In 2004, the combined enrollment in the district's five elementary schools peaked at
2,460 FTE, and has since declined to 2,050 FTE. Figure 3 illustrates that our current
K-5 enrollment in all five schools is 674 FTE below their combined capacity.
Enrollment in the other four elementary schools took a one time drop of 380 students
in 2006 when a district wide change in grade configuration moved 6th grade students
into the middle schools. Since Trafton is a K-5 school its enrollment was not
Fi ure 2
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APS Elementary Student FTE
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1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2008 2008 2010
The Arlington School District has experienced much growth in the past due, in part, to
the availability of real property on which to construct affordable housing. Currently,
Trulia.com reports that there are 356 homes for sale in Arlington, of which 96 are
foreclosures (see Tab 6).
When, if and how quickly K-5 enrollment may begin to increase is speculative. The
forecast illustrated in Figure 5 below, assumes a small decline for the next two years
followed by a year of no change, and then a return to the high 4.1 % per year
elementary growth the district experienced in the 2000-2004 time period. This
forecast suggests that the soonest the districts Elementary schools might again reach
collective capacity is 2020 (2019 if Trafton is closed).
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1990 1992 1994 '996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 200B 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
B. The effect that the disposition or retirement shall have on other facilities
and on the District's educational program offering;
If Trafton Elementary School is closed, it is anticipated that most of its students would
transfer to Eagle Creek Elementary based upon the current enrollment (see Table 1).
Figure 4 illustrates that Eagle Creek has ample capacity to enroll these students. At
this time, Eagle Creek has 10 classrooms not being used as K-5 classrooms. Three
of these classrooms are being used by the district's Early Childhood Education and
Assistance Program (ECEAP). The ECEAP program could be relocated to any of the
other 3 large elementary schools.
The negative impact to the district's educational program would be the loss of a small
school of choice. Many generations of district residents have chosen Trafton for their
children and cherish the school. The loss of this option may be emotionally difficult
for some of these families.
Certified Staffing
Music .3
Library .3
Total Certified .6
Admin Staffing
Principal .3
Transportation Cost: The Transportation Department would realize a small fuel and
maintenance savings from an anticipated small reduction in mileage from two bus
routes that travel an extra distance in the morning to drop students off at Trafton
before proceeding to Eagle Creek. This is estimated to be $2,500 per year. Another
potential positive impact may come in the future from more flexibility in bus routing.
The impact on Transportation is small because all 5 routes that currently serve
Trafton also serve Eagle Creek.
The 1912 Historic Building: There is much potential for renovation of the 1912
building. A committee of the Trafton PTC is dedicated to achieving this end. The
SMR report (Tab 3) estimated construction costs to range from $320,000 to $430,000
for the historic building. It is important to note that the SMR report is a preliminary
review and that a detailed architectural design and cost estimate has not been
performed. It is not known if SMR used prevailing wages and included the costs of
Tab 7 details an estimate to replace the portable classrooms, renovate the historic
building (largely based on the SMR report) and make other needed improvements to
the property. With much uncertainty of the actual cost of repair, a 20% contingency
is included bringing the total cost to $1,0124,546. Renovating the historic building
and replacing the portables would address the current health and safety concerns.
Staff, operating and Maintenance Costs: Tab 10 details a net annual savings of
$277,389 by closing Trafton. This is based upon current costs, which are expected
to increase in the future. It is important to understand that the majority of the costs
associated with operating a school are variable costs that are dependent upon
enrollment (teachers, para educators, food servers, pens, pencils, paper etc.). Fixed
school costs include utilities, custodians, front office staff, administrative staff and
Property Sale: Board policy 6882 addresses the sale of real property. The policy is
consistent with RCW 28A.335.120 (see Tab 11) and in general requires the Board to
sell the property for not less than 90% of the appraised value during the first year on
the market. After a year on the market the property can be sold for no less than 75%
of the appraised value.
A change in the board policy would allow for the sale, exchange or lease of the
property to another political entity per RCW 39.33.010 (see Tab 12). This option
would allow the district to convey the property to the State, County or a small political
entity such as a library district.
The property has not been appraised for sale. The District is not compelled to sell
the property unless the Board surpluses the property. The building could be placed
in a "mothball status" pending future district, public or private needs or uses of the
building.
Property Lease: The District would have the option of leasing the property to a
private party or a public entity. A market analysis has not been conducted to
determine the potential revenue, if any, from leasing the property.
Cost of Closure: The near term cost of closure would depend upon if a tenant for
the property can be found or if the Board chooses to surplus the property. If a tenant
is found, they would assume the cost of operating and maintaining the building. If no
tenant is found, the buildings would be put into a "mothball status". Windows would
be protected with plywood and water pipes would be drained. The total costs would
be around $1100 and would be performed by the District's maintenance workers.
The district may choose to surplus the portables if they are not needed by the District
or a tenant. The value that may be recovered from a surplus sale is unknown, but
would be expected to be negligible. Portable #4 most likely could not be sold and
would cost the district an estimated $4,000 for its destruction and disposal.
Cost of Transferring Operations: The cost of transferring operations has not been
calculated but is expected to be low. Moving teachers between buildings is a routine
cost incurred each summer and is done using the district's maintenance staff and
trucks. The other elementary schools already have enough furniture to
accommodate incoming Trafton students. Special equipment like smartboards,
computers and projectors would be relocated so that they could continue to be used
in classrooms.
If a tenant such as a private school or daycare was found, the existing student
furniture might be left in the building and become part of the lease agreement, similar
to the District's "A" building lease. If removal of the contents is required, they could
be stored elsewhere in existing district space for future needs or surplused.
Trafton Elementary School is in compliance with all applicable safety, health and fire
regulations. As previously discussed, both the 2009 Study and Survey (Tab 2) and
the SMR review (Tab 3) report the 1912 building is not in compliance with many
current construction codes. This is not a violation of the law based upon the
building's age. However, bringing the 1912 building into compliance with current fire,
seismic, ventilation and accessibility standards would provide a healthier and safer
environment for the students, staff and public.
G. Whether or not the facility may effectively be used for other purposes.
At the present, the District does not have an identified alternate use for the Trafton
property.
The 1912 Historic Building: There are several potential private or public sector
uses for the building listed in Table 4. The feasibility of these possible uses has not
been investigated by the district.
The House (current school office): The house could be used for a small retail
business or with the addition of a shower and/or bathtub, could be used again as a
home. It might also be possible to sell the house and have it removed and the
basement filled.
Playground and field: Depending on how the other two buildings might be used,
the playground and field would be ideal for use by a daycare, private school or as a
community park.
• The condition and safety deficiencies of the 1912 building. The condition and
the appropriateness of the four portables. The costs of renovation,
replacement and/or improvement of these educational spaces.
• The districts current and potential K-5 enrollment for the next ten years is
expected remain at or below the combined capacity of our four large
elementary schools.
• An annual savings of nearly $300,000 can be saved by closing Trafton.
CLOSURE OF FACILITIES
The Board of Directors has the authority to close a school building when an unforeseen natural
event or mechanical failure causes a facility to become unsafe, unhealthy, inaccessible, or
inoperable. Prior to the closure of a school facility for foreseen circumstances, the Board shall
have prepared a written analysis, which considers the following issues:
A. Projected or actual enrollment declines and the likelihood that they shall remain
permanent;
B. The effect that the disposition or retirement shall have on other facilities and on the
District's educational program offering;
C. Student and staff displacement, including h'ansportation costs to new facilities and staff
reassignment;
E. Financial considerations in terms of such factors as staff costs, operating and maintenance
cost, the potential revenue from sale or lease of property, the cost of closure and
h-ansferring operations elsewhere;
G. Whether or not the facility may effectively be used for other purposes.
During a ninety-day period following the development of a written analysis, the Board shall
conduct one or more hearings to receive testimony on any issues related to the closure of a
school. Each hearing notice shall be published once each week for two consecutive weeks in a
newspaper of general circulation, which serves the area where the school is located. The last
notice shall be published at least seven days prior to the hearing_ The notice shall contain the
date, time, place and purpose of the heming. Comments received from interested parties shall
be used for advisory purposes only. The final determination of whether a facility shall be
closed or remain open shall be made by the Board.
Legal References:
RCW 28A.150.290 (2) State Superintendent to Make Rules and Regulations-
Unforeseen Conditions or Actions to be Recognized -
Paperwork Limited
RCW 28A.320.010 Corporate Powers
RCW 28A.335.020 School Closures - Policy of Citizen Involvement Required -
Summary of Effects - Hearings - Notice
Notes:
Application of RCW 43.21 C.030(2)(c) to school closures: RCW
43.21 C.038.
Building Condition Summary Report
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!I School: Trafton Elementary School
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Address: 12616 Jim Creek Road
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County: Snohomish
Telephone: 360-435-3250
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Site Information
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Building Information
School Capacity:
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Construction History:
Trafton Elementary School is a two-story wood frame structure built in 1906. The building consists of four
classrooms, two per fioor. The classrooms are equal in size, with storage/coat areas located off the
common hallway and stairway. There are currently 4 portable classrooms serving this school.
The school is located on a level 3.73 acre site with a wooded ravine at the southeast corner of the site.
There are grass and gravel playfields, a paved play area and a covered play area located at the southwest
corner of the school.
Exterior Walls The historic building is wood framed with horizontal lap siding.
Interior Walls The interior walls are wood frame with plaster finish.
Roof Composition shingle roofing was installed in 1994 over a new plywood roof
deck over the wood frame structure.
HVAC The heating system consists of an oil-fired furnace that provides adequate
heat, but very little ventilation. Maintenance clearance around the furnace
is limited.
Plumbing The domestic water is provided by a well that is tested regularly and
provides adequate pressure. Piping appears to be in good condition with
no reported failures. Fixtures are generally acceptable. Accessibility for
fixtures and spaces does not comply with current requirements.
!1 Energy Controls There is one electric thermostat for the system that is functional, but does
not allow any individual control of spaces. There is no energy
management.
Electrical The main building is served by an overhead drop from a utility pole to a
100 Amp 120/240V single-phase panel. Portables are served separately
by overhead distribution. There are very few receptacles throughout the
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building.
Fire Alarm The fire alarm system consists of partial coverage smoke detection and
pull stations. Heights of devices do not comply with current requirements.
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The building does not have any known asbestos containing materials.
Facility/Site Deficiencies
Site:
1. The site is very smali for an elementary schooi facility.
Building:
1. The building does not have space for Kindergarten and 5'" grade ciasses.
2. The building has no Library/Media Center space.
3. There is no indoor physical education space.
4. Vintage windows are scratched and distorted, and don't meet energy code requirements.
5. Emergency exiting is inadequate by today's standards.
6. The exterior walis iack adequate insuiation.
7. The facility does not compiy with current accessibility requirements.
8. At the covered play shed, earth is in contact with the exterior wali, and there is potential for dry rot.
g. Minor cracks in the foundation were observed at the main building.
10. The lateral resisting system of the structures does not appear to comply with current bUilding code
requirements.
11. The building ventilation system is inadequate, and cooling does not exist.
I 12. The heating/ventilating system requires an energy management system.
I 13. The water heater is at the end of its useful life.
14. If the building were to be modernized, fire sprinklers wouid be required by local authorities. A water
I storage and pumping system would be reqUired for the sprinkler system.
15. Interior lighting is inefficient. Emergency lighting does not comply with current codes.
16. Power outlets are inadequate, and communication outlets are limited.
17. The electrical service and distribution system would need to be upgraded if any electrical or
~] mechanical systems were improved.
18. Fire alarm system does not meet current requirements.
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5.0 Provisions for Handicapped X X X ( X) ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
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Evaluator's Signature .;r ::::;:;f.i~~::;:::r&~;~;:;:p:;~~:;t:
School Official's Signature /
FORM SPI1513 (6/00) URecord Information on Building System Data Elements on Reverse Side. U (ReEF WK3 12130/97)
o Main Building - 2nd Floor
o 4th Grade
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Music
1st Grade
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At the request of Trafton School PTC, we have completed a preliminary review of the
historic Trafton School. After studying information gathered during my February 22,
2008 site meeting with you, Val Kellogg (PTC Chair) and school principal, Mr. Todd
McLaughlin, and on January 8, 2008 when Ron Murphy met with you and Ms. Kellogg,
we believe the original school building is in unusually sound condition, given its age and
continuous use as an elementary school. The building systems (e.g. plumbing, heating
and ventilation, electrical, etc.) are functioning, though they appear to be past their
useful life or are outdated. In consideration of the potential repairs and improvements,
we would note that the school building does not meet a number of modern building
codes related to emergency egress, seismic (earthquake resistance), accessibility and
energy requirements.
We are providing the enclosed draft summaries, and report below, to help identify
potential repairs and improvements to the building, to facilitate its continued use by the
Arlington School District, and community. Suggested "task areas" are listed in the
report, and options for potential construction costs for repairs and improvements that
may be useful in developing a budget. Combining all task areas, construction costs range
approximately from $320,000 - $430,000.
'Our evaluation includes consideration for treatment and care of the historic school. in
general accordance with the US Secretary of Interior Standards for Rehabilitation, and
the client's suggestion that repairs and improvements might be phased over a period of
a few years, dependent on funding through potential grant applications. For possible
building rehabilitation costs, we regard a minimum 20 year life as a reasonable
M'Chael RUI1lI11!> expectation for building systems and other components of the 96 year old school
building.
Potential costs for the following client suggested changes, which affect primarily non-
historical alterations to the historical school, are included in the report:
1. Replace 1985 addition (bathrooms, storage rooms, on the east side of the building)
with a more historically compatible addition
2. Install new wood windows on north and south sides of building in place of
existing vinyl windows (installed sometime between 1991-1995 as replacements to
~,hl'll. W;,. 9[\)('1 original wood windows), matching closely the original design
3. Remove existing two-story wood-framed stair connected to the west porch roof
and reconstruct balustrade to match closely the original building design,
4. Remove, if possible, the non-historical enclosure from around the original central
interior sta ir.
'nor'ICI"hTl W!
The building was unoccupied during our visit. We were unable to access the attic area,
and had restricted visibility into the crawlspace from the access below the interior stair.
No destructive testing (Le. of walls, materials, etc.) was performed. The limited
information we obtained of the building interior and exterior aided our sketching basic
floor layouts, which we include with this report. Record drawings of the building are
not known to exist.
Portable classrooms on site that serve children in grades 5, 6 and kindergarten, were not
reviewed, nor were the general site conditions away from the building. Also, it is our
understanding that repairs to the school bell support, and the bell cupola are being
done by others. These areas are therefore not included in this report.
We were able to obtain a copy of the National Historic Register nomination report.
Because this Classical Revival style, rural four-room school building is listed on the
National Register for Historic Places (DAHP SN00406), there may be options provided
through the building code, to comply with its requirements, for potential building
rehabilitation and additions, as outlined below.
Page 2 of 4
3b. No elevator currently serves the building. Accessibility to the second floor is a
requirement of the current building code. We would suggest a review of a possible
location for its installation might be coordinated with locating a replacement stair
to the 2nd floor. An elevator may also be desirable for general usefulness.
4. Building Envelope Improvements
4a. The bUilding exterior is in generally so~nd condition, with some minimal repairs
to roof rafter tails and siding repairs needed prior to future painting. Repairs to the
wood columns supporting the west porch roof are needed where their staves have
separated We would suggested further investigation of their structural integrity,
and connections at top and bottom. We would suggest the PTe have the exterior
paint tested for lead content prior to future painting. We would suggest that
repainting of the building consist primarily of scraping the surface, checking for
wood rot, caulking joints, new primer and two coats of paint. To remove all of the
paint from the wood substrate, or to "smooth out" the old appearance where paint
has chipped away then painted over, would be a significantly higher cost than what
we have shown.
4b. The PTe has informed us that the existing asphalt roofing is approximately 7
years old. Although remaining useful life may be 8 years, or more, we would
recommend a qualified roofing contractor examine and verify existing conditions.
4c. The 1985 Addition is non-historical, and detracts from the historic appearance of
the original school building. Replacement of the bathrooms was suggested to us.
Replacement of the addition could expose original building exterior currently
covered, provide improved accessibility, and could be coordinated with the
installation of a new egress stair and elevator. For water efficiency we would
recommend replacing all fixtures, and hot water tank, and for energy efficiency,
replace lighting. We would suggest further study is needed to consider options.
4d. Existing vinyl windows range in age from 13 - 17 years, and are in sound
condition. Thermal efficiency of vinyl windows is comparable to wood, possibly
better. The PTe suggestion to replace non-historic vinyl windows with wood would
result in a closer match to the original appearance.
4e. Both existing exterior doors on the primary (west) elevation are non-original,
though of generally sound condition. If they are to replaced per the PTe suggestion,
to be more compatible with the historic building, we would recommend repairs and
improvements to the glass window surround at each entry, plus repairs to the
threshold/sill at second floor exit/entry.
4f. Related to item 1a above, removal of the west egress stair would allow for
possible reconstruction of the balustrade, previously removed.
5. Energy Improvements
Sa. The oil-fueled furnace that heats the building is more than thirty years old, and
is not energy efficient by modern standards. We recommend replacement with a
new high-efficient furnace. Also, the ducting that serves the four classrooms is
exposed metal duct. We would suggest further study is needed to determine proper
functioning, including location of thermostat(s), and its cleanliness (re: indoor air
quality). And if it is feasible to keep in place.
Sb. The older light fixtures also are likely not to be very energy efficient. We would
recommend replacing all fixtures with "Energy Star" fixtures, throughout, with
consideration to a design more compatible with the historic school.
Page 3 of 4
6. Interior Improvements
6a. Interior finishes are older, and showing their age. We recommend replacement
of floor finishes, but note wall and ceiling finishes, including trim work, could be
updated as a maintenance item. We would suggest the PTC have existing finish
materials tested for possible hazardous material (HAZMAT) content (re: lead paint,
asbestos). We would also suggest testing for HAZMAT in other areas as well, which
may include coverings at piping, insulation, and materials in the furnace room.
6b. In considering the PTe's suggestion to route existing electrical conduit in the
walls, our observations indicate previous attempts have been made, primarily by
embedding conduit in the plaster (re: walls and ceilings), with varying success. We
would recommend further study to verify code requirements for routing electrical
conduit, and whether any replacements are necessary, including possible rerouting
of services. '
6c. Plumbing fixtures appear to be of an older type, and may not be very efficient
with water use. We would recommend their replacement, including replacement of
the hot water heater for a more energy efficient type.
I am available to answer any questions you or the PTC may have. We appreciate the
opportunity to work with you on this very nice historic school, and look forward to
discussing the information contained in our report.
If you have any questions or corrections, or need additional information, please let me
know.
Sincerely,
cc: file
Page 4 of 4
CONDITION REPORT AND SMR ARChiTECTS
SCOPE OF POTENTIAL IMPROVEMENTS
TRAFTON SCHOOL
SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL CONSTRUalON COSTS
TASK AREAS - see All Items OPTION 1 OPTION 2 OPTION 3 OPTION 4 OPTION S OPTION 6 OPTION 7 OPTION B
description below New Fire Exterior repair Roofing Porch only Energy (Heating, Egress Stair Replacement New Elevator
Sprinkler system Inew paint only (includes roof) windows, from 2nd fir bathrooms
(1) Fi re/Life Safety $10K-$ISK $BK - $10K
(2) Seismic Upgrade $10K-$ISK
(3) Accessibility $SK· $10K
(4) Building Exterior $70K· $BSK $30K - $SOK, $ISK - $2SK $SK - $BK
(5) Structural Repairs $15K - $2SK $3K - $9K $12K - $16K
(6) Interior Finishes $BOK - $100K
(7) Finish Options $10K - $lSK
(B) Heatinglventilatio $lSK - $20K $12K-$ISK
(9) Plumbing $SK· $10K $2K - $3K
(10) Electrical $20K - $30K $10K· $20K
(11) Miscellaneous
Improvements S90K· S105~ S1SK-S20K SI0K-SISK S20K - S30K S3SK - S4SK
TOTAL $320K - $430K $10K - $13K $33K - $59K $15K· $2SK $17K - $24K $37K· $55K $10K - $15K $20K - $30K $35K - $4SK
TASKS AREAS
(footnotes) BRIEF DESCRIPTION
(1) Fire/Life Safetv New fire sprinklers; update fire alarm system; replace/add smoke/heat detectors; improve existing egress path(s); COPE.REV/EW
(2) Seismic Upgrade Foundation-ta-framing; bracing floor-to-wall bracing; roof-to-wall bracing (ADDInONAL REVIEW!
(3) Accessibility (ADA) Improve access to building (front and back - reo ramps)); access to bathrooms (CODE REV/EW!
(4) Building Envelope Roofing (approx. 5 ·10 yrs useful life remains); repair rafter tails; repair siding/lrim; c1ean/preplcaulklpaint building exterior
(5) Structural Repairs Porch (repair columns); cracks in plaster at cloakroom walls (both floors) near west entry); cracks in foundation
(6) Interior Finishes Replace carpetlsheet vinvl; paint floors, walls, ceilinos; refinish doors, door/window casing, trim
(7) Finish Options "bury" exposedlsurlace mounted conduit in walls/ceilinos (re: electrical); refinish wood floors
(B) Heatinglventilatior Replace furnace; repair/replace ducting (re: indoor air quality); add insulation; update thermostat (ADDITIONAL REY/t"k'il
(9) Plumbing Install booster pump (re: fire sprinkler - ADDInONAL REVIEW!; replace toilets (4), sinks (6), urinal (1); replace hot water heaterltank
(10) Electrical Relocate/update electrical routino (ADDInONAL REV/OO; replace Iioht fixtures; switches/outlets + possible embed of conduit
(11) Miscellaneous Replace existing stair to 2nd floor; Remove interior stair enclosure; new bathrooms; Install new elevator; Replace vinyl windows
Imorovements wlwood windows; Reolace 2 entry doors doors' Remove existino enclosure around tair to second floor' Reconstruct chimnev
NOTES: 1 Items shown in Bold represent significant part of range of costs.
2. Proposed scope of work assumes state commercial prevailing wage rates, but does not include: Washington State sales tax, fees, repairs
or updates in utility service to building (stormlsewerANater/eledric)furnishings and equipment, construction contingency. escalation,
temporary relocation during construction, HAZMAT related, fiber optic wiring, bond expenses, etc.
3. CODE REVIEW: Costs and requirements dependent upon existiing conditions and compliance to current Building Code.
4. ADDInONAL REV/EW: Assumes further review needed to determine costs, possibly require a consultant of this discipline.
5. Assumes school-related jurisdictions have other/additional requirements (re: Arlington School DistrictlWA State School superintendent.
6. Assumes other jurisdictions have other/additional requirements (re: City of Arlington/Snohomish County),
7. Total amounts for listed work scope options do not combine to equal the total amount for all items.
April 2, 2007
CONDITION REPORT AND SMR ARCHITECT,
SCOPE OF POTENTIAL IMPROVEMENTS TRAFTON SCHOOL
SQUARE FOOTAGE OF EXISTING BUILDING AREAS
Number of classrooms 4
Foundation Concrete
Superstructure Wood framlng/wood bevel siding
Roofing (Main building) Asphalt shingles
Roofing (Original Porch/rear addition) Built-up sheet membrane
Exterior doors (none original) 1 first floor and 1 second floor exit/entry (wood veneer, w/wood-framed sidelites); 3 egress; 2 @1
Windows - original 20 (including 2 small wlwood arch infill
Windows - infill (original opening) 2 on west elevation, behind stair; 2 behind addition (type of "infill" should be verified)
Windows - vinyl 16 (including 8 wltransom; 8 w/wood arch infill above) - non-historical (installed between 1991 -
Windows - aluminum 3 (at 1985 addition only) - non-historical
Floor Gross Floor Area Gross Common Classroom 1985 Addition Area or
(includes 1985 Net Area Areas Areas (incl (not including interior stair
addition) Cloakroom) porch or steps)
First Floor 2,918 sf 2,652 sf 290 sf 1,584 sf 474 sf 76 sf
Intermediate (oartial) FI - 69 sf - - - -
Second Floor 2,437 sf 2,160 sf 185 sf 1,584 sf - sf 140 sf
Top (oartial) floor 159 sf 140 sf - sf - sf - sf 10 sf
TOTAL 5,514 sf 4,952 sf 475 sf 3,168 sf 474 sf 226 sf
NOTES: 1 Areas are based on preliminary measurements and are presented as approximations.
2. Porch and Roof areas are shown on plans
Apn12,2007
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SCALE: '31 32''= 1 '- 0" -- ,-- U -DATE: APRIL 2,2008-
TRAFTON SCHOOL
' m-16J1M'tREEKR()AD ARLiNGTON, WA 98223
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DATE: APRIL 2,2008
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12616 JIM CREEK ROAD ARLINGTON, WA 98223
~,., -,,_.-,- ~
. .
Arlington
Public Schools
........... -.'" "-"';"'....-.
.......
Arlington Public Schools
Portable Condition Survey
November, 2002
GENERAL CONDITIONS
Roof: ""P"'o"'or'-- _
Flooring: AP"'o"'or'-- _
WallslWindows: "'-P"'-oo""r'-- _
~
Does this portable have an L&I Tag? Yes
Can this portable be moved (3 miles) Yes No
[fyes, estimated cost to move: _
Does this portable contain hazardous materials? @ No (Roofing, PCB ballasts)
:::OMMENTS:
Remodeled in 1989, changed into wet portable. Floor joists rotting out from water
:1amage. Ramp aging.
Arlington Public Schools
Portable Condition Survey
November, 2002
GENERAL CONDITIONS
Roof: "'P""oo"'r'-- _
HVAC:"'F"'si"-r _
sI""r
Flooring: "'F... _
WallslWindows: "'F...s..
ir _
Overall Condition: _
e
If yes, estimated cost to move: ""$5"'.""00"'0"-- _
Does this portable contain hazardous materials? Yes
COMMENTS:
GENERAL CONDITIONS
Roof: "-P"'oo"'r'-- _
ai!"-r
HVAC:""F... _
Flooring: "'F...
aI""r _
WallsIWindows: "'F...
a!!ir _
GENERAL CONDITIONS
Roof: Fair+
HVAC:"'F...,air+!!..-'- _
Flooring: "'F.!!a"ir-'.+ _
WallslWindows: "'F""a"'ir+--'- _
.S,' SNOHOMISH
HEALTH
OISTRICT
'--'
ENVIRl,->.tlENTAL HEALTH DIVISION
3020 Rucl\er Avenue, SUite 104
Everett, WA 98201·3900
425.339.5250 FAX: 425.339.5254
Deal/Hard of Hearing: 425.3<19.5252 (TTY)
Ed Aylesworth, Principal
Trafton Elementary School
126]6 .Tim Creek Rd.
Arlington, WA 98223
Note; Sp~ces havo been made on the checklist for response to the comments. Please .fill ont the
enclosed yellow copy and return it to be included in the file.
V'
Aman~~~s~~{/~Z_"-
Environmental Health Specialist
AB:me
Please note, there were several items noted during this safety inspection that appear not to have been
addressed since the last inspection conducted in 2007; see items marked with an asterisk (*).
Room: See Below OSPI and Washington State Department of Health (DOH)
While at your school we surveyed classrooms using a carbon dioxide (C0 2) detector. "Carbon
dioxide has been widely used as an indicator of indoor air quality. A limit of 1000-ppm CO, is
recommended to satisfy comfort (odor) criteria," according to the American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE) Standard 62-1989 (Section 6.2.1).
The following rooms were found to have a CO2 level above 1000-ppm:
• *Room #1: 1260-ppm CO2 • *Room #4: 1550-ppm CO,
• *Room #2: 1330-ppm CO, • *Room #3: 1350-ppm CO2
Elevated CO, can reduce student attendance when levels in classrooms are 1000-ppm above
background outdoor air level, according to the study, Association between classroom CO2
concentrations and student attendance in Washington and Idaho, published in Indoor Air (2004, 14:
333-341). The level of CO, in the outdoor air on the day ofthis inspection was measured at 350-
ppm. The CO2 measurements shown above in bold text have exceeded that level by at least 1000-
ppm.
Response:
Response:
Response:
Trafton Elementary
Health and Safety Inspection Action Item Checklist of 02/05/2009
Page 2
Response:
Response:
Response:
Response:
Response:
Trafton Elementary
Health and Safety Inspection Action Item Checklist of 02/05/2009
Page 3
Room: *#4
Stained ceiling tiles due to water leaks were noted.
Response:
Response:
Response:
Response:
AB:mc
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"""
98026
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Average price per square foot for Arlington WAwas $186, a decrease of 13.5% ooflllared to the same period last year.
The median sales price for homes in Mington WA for Nov 08 to Jan 09 was $239,000 based on 20 home sales.
COflllared to the same period one year ago, the median home sales price decreased 11.2%, or $49,500, and the
.....
SrohCITlish 5368,919
5240,730
$435.558
$276,795
liz Thompson
yOU'" trusted professional in
Arlington, WA
#: 206.817.8447
I of3 2/25/20104:57 PM
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Estimated
Office Costs
Porch and Deck need to be replaced $ 3,000
Siding needs to be scraped and painted $ 15,000
Portables
Replace all of the existing portables (4) with new 28'X32' portables $ 400,000
Install remoteiy controlled thermostats $ 5,000
Water System
Recap old Well $ 3,000
Water fiitration system to improve drinking quality $ 5,000
Main Building
Repair Bell tower $ 18,000
ITEMS from Aprii 2008 SMR review (commissioned by PTC)
Fire Safety items $ 15,000
Seismic Upgrade $ 15,000
Accessibility $ 10,000
Buiiding Exterior $ 85,000
Interior Finish $ 110,000
HVAC $ 25,000
Plumbing $ 10,000
Electrical $ 25,000
Stairs, restrooms, chimney, elevator?? $ 105,000
Total $ 1,024,546
3Hutteball&Oremus
Dear Linda:
Enclosed is a 2008 Bond Projects worksheet, indicating the tirst round of assigning
preliminary budget estimates for each of the nltUTe school projects we have been
discussing over the last 5-6 weeks. The worksheet is best when printed full size on an
Ilxl7 page.
As noted on the worksheet, these are "Pre-Design Estimates", and are our best gness for
the known scope of each project, based on site observations, discussions and square foot
area information provided by the school district. Following initial discussion and adjusting
of project parameters, more detailed analysis and preliminary design work will be
necessary to provide more accurate estimates. 4010 Lake Washington Blvd. NE
Suite 320 Kirkland, WA 98033
Unit cost information is based on recent project cost trends, including the almost hoarch.com
astronomical escalation seen by most school dishicts during the last 12-18 months. While
p 425 828 8948
we don't thinlc this cost h'end will continue much longer, we believe it is best to aSS1llJle it f 4258289067
will continue, and plan conservatively.
We thank you again for this opporhmity, trust this information will be helpful, and hope we
can be offw·ther assistance. Please contact me if you need any additional information.
Sincerely,
I of I
3Huttr:b'111.<..Ofi:;,l1(is
,,
S, HALLER MIDDLE SCHOOL
1. ADD 6 CLASSROOMS, EXTENO UTiUTIESAND SERVICES 9576 SF $323.13 $3.094,326
2 GYMNASIUM ROOF REPLACEMENT {INCLUDING NEW SLOPED STRUCTURE) 26270 SF $S620 $1.476,200
3. FOOTBALL FIELD IMPROVEMENTS m $942,707
4 RUNNING TRACK IMPROVEMENTS m 5548,l\Ol
5. REPLACE STADIUM WISTANDS·1 SIDE m ~
56,875.565 S9,282,Q.40,31
..
O. KENT PRAIRIE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
1. PLAYFIELD UPGRADES
2. ASPHALTSHINGLE ROOFING REPLACEMENT " ,m ,, 53,51
$320,383
5205.429
3, DROP--DFF RECONFIGURATION· NEW DRIVEWAY EXIT
"'" 525,00 ~lIOO
$600.612 Sllll,096,03
I. TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
I .. METAL ROOfiNG REMOVAL I REPlACEMENT 13860 , $9.\3 ~70
$126.570 $170,8&9.45
J
].
]
Trafton Elementary School "GYM" PTe Subcommittee
Fund Estimates
!'
Portable Replacement
,
Grade Field & Re-seed
•
$
$
c
l,I'
Demolish Garage
~
Navy
• Parking Spaces
• $
~
• Performance Audit Report
School Districts' Administration and Support Services
Edmonds, Evergreen, Federal Way, Kent, Lake Washington,
Puyallup, Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma and Vancouver
September 30,2008
Four of 10 school districts use an excessive number of portable classrooms, which are more
expensive to maintain.
BACKGROUND
School districts across the country use portable classroom structures as a temporary measure to house students
that arrive more rapidly than facilities construction programs can accommodate. Consequently, portable
classroom buildings are intended to house an influx of new enrollees until permanent structures are completed.
Rapidly growing school districts are therefore the most likely places where one would find portable classrooms in
significant numbers.
Unfortunately, pOliable, or "temporary," classrooms are often in service for many years, even decades, at some
schools and school districts. This usually indicates that new, permanent construction has not been accomplished in
a sufficiently timely manner. It may also be evidence of a conscious decision on the part of a school district's
administration to use the portable structures in a permanent manner.
There are reasons why districts should limit the use of portable classrooms:
• When attached to a particular school (elementary, middle, or high school) they usually place an
extraordinary and undesirable financial burden on core facilities such as resource centers, computer labs,
cafeterias and kitchens, gymnasiums, auditoriums, toilets, etc. because the number of students using these
facilities exceeds planned use.
• They are not as well insulated as permanent structures, have a high ratio of exposed exterior wall area to
enclosed volume, and are heated and cooled via electricity; thus they are less energy-efficient on the
whole than permanent construction.
• They usually require more labor-intensive cleaning due to lower quality interior finishes, additional
clutter accumulated from limited storage space, and their remote location from the main school facility.
• Older portable classroom buildings may require more frequent maintenance due to unexpected
maintenance and equipment failures.
• They are less easily secured as part of an overall school lockdown procedure because they are not
contained within the secure perimeter of the permanent school building.
• They are more vulnerable to break-ins because they are often not included in camera surveillance or in the
secured perimeter of the permanent school building.
• The location of portable classroom buildings away from the main school building may create an insular
atmosphere for the faculty and students housed in portables, leading to less frequent socialization.
• Tests performed by the California Environmental Protection Agency found the use of portable classrooms
is linked to several types of health problems in children and teachers, such as headaches, chronic sinus
infections, colds and respiratory problems.
• They are considerably less expensive to acquire and install than permanent school construction.
• They give a school district the flexibility to move them from a school with declining enrollment to
another school with increasing enrollment when neighborhood demographics change.
• It is easier to close and remove portable classroom facilities than to close and sell or lease entire schools
when a school district experiences declining enrollment.
• The service cores of schools can be built to a capacity that can accommodate a certain number of
portables in anticipation of the possibility that they will be needed.
• The low cost installation of a programmable thermostat and occupancy sensor will help reduce energy
consumption in portable classrooms significantly.
• Newer generations of portable classrooms are more durable and energy-efficient than their predecessors.
Thus, a prevailing view across the country on the use of portable classrooms is that while their wholesale, long-
term use may not usually be desirable, they are in fact a needed tool for school districts to deal with fluctuating
enrollments. Portables also aid in housing the rapidly growing number of students that arrive at a district, when
school construction funding and permanent construction efforts cannot respond in a timely manner. [n Texas, this
prevailing view has resulted in a guideline offered by the Texas Education Agency: a school district should have a
portable classroom inventory not greater than 10 percent of the total number of permanent classrooms. Thus, a
school district with 1,000 permanent classrooms should have not more than 100 portable classrooms. This "Texas
Ten Percent Portables Guideline" is used because it appears to be the only independent and officially available
guideline. It is used merely to differentiate the use of portable classrooms among the 10 largest school districts in
Washington.
We observed the following use of portables in the 10 largest Washington school districts during the audit period:
Ratio of Portables to Classrooms
Percentage
of Portables
Edmonds 1,098 11 1.0%
Evemreen' 924 237 25.6%
FederaIWav 1,033 98 9.5%
Kent 1,003 125 12.5%
Lake Washington 1,058 127 12.0%
Puyallup 847 220 26.0%
Seattle 2,595 202 7.8%
SpoImne 1,370 90 6.6%
Tacoma 1,413 92 6.5%
Vancouver 933 53 5.7%
Use of portable classroom buildings in the school districts of Edmonds, Federal Way, Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma,
and Vancouver were insignificant because their portable inventories are 10 percent or less of permanent
5 Evergreen has also constructed its own headquarters complex almost entirely of portable units.
The school districts with a portables count above 10 percent of permanent classrooms are not necessarily at fault
or careless in their handling of facilities planning. They have in large measure used portables because such action
has presented the only apparent and responsive path to housing the increasing numbers of students. [n addition,
state construction funding processes and rules seem to have contributed to the use of portables by many districts
with growing enrollments as well as a lack of success with the passage of bond referenda. lt is therefore important
to understand that some school districts have large numbers of portables out of necessity, and that possible
changes in construction funding by Washington State could help such districts better manage their facilities
inventories.
Since the issue on use of portables has implications across all Washington school districts, it is being examined
not only with respect to the individual school districts, but also in regard to possible changes that might be
affected by OSP[ and the Washington Legislature.
Areas where current laws, policies and procedures impede the reduced use of pOltables in Washington include:
• Assessed property valuations vary significantly across Washington, placing some school districts at a gross
income disadvantage compared to others;
• State matching funds for construction are based on construction costs so low that they have not been viable
for nearly a decade;
• Bond passage requirements for a super-majority make it difficult for many districts to obtain the local
approvals needed; and
• Some school districts face explosive growth in enrollment and the only viable response they have found is
to use portables to house the extra students.
While it is recognized that school districts do not have control over assessed valuations, changes in enrollment,
bond passage requirements or the availability of state matching construction funds, they should not be encouraged
to use traditional portable classrooms as an acceptable, ongoing alternative to the construction of permanent
school facilities
CRITERIA! COMMENDATIONS
According to the National Center for Education Statistics, approximately 385,000 portable classrooms are in use
by about 28,600 schools nationwide. Nationally, about six percent of classroom instruction is being taught in
temporary structures. The Texas Education Agency has historically used the guideline that the use of portable
classrooms should not exceed more than 10 percent of permanent classrooms.
In addition, several districts in our audit scope had minimal use or insignificant numbers of pOltables:
• Edmonds, Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma, and Vancouver are commended for their small inventories of
portable classrooms compared to permanent classrooms.
• Kent is commended for working with new school designs that incorporate portables as an integral
flexibility option, allowing the schools to expand, as needed, with changes in surrounding demographics.
Evergreen #4 Evergreen developed a 20-year plan for portables reduction. We recommend Evergreen
revisit this plan to determine if it can be shortened, perhaps to 10 or 15 years. Once a
Ii determination has been made, the district should proceed with implementing the plan.
Portables reduction should reach 10 ercent of total classrooms or less.
Kent #4 These districts should, in the next update of their Strategic Facilities Plan, develop and
implement a realistic plan to reduce the amount of portable classrooms to 10 percent or
less of permanent classrooms. For Puyallup, it is not expected that this plan can be
implemented within just a few years: it may require 10 years or more because of the
Lake Washington #4 large number of portables they are currently using.
Puyallup #4
•
OSPI#4 OSPI should conduct a review to identifY viable long-term alternatives to traditional
portable classrooms, such as more energy-efficient, more easily maintained modular
products that are less prone to indoor air quality problems.
WA State Legislature A review is necessary at the state level to determine if the process to approve funds for
#4 planning, design, and construction is too lengthy and could be shortened. This would
reduce the need and time for housing students in portables statewide.
Although initial costs of portable classrooms are significantly less than permanent classrooms, there are
associated costs to place them in service, as well as higher costs to operate and maintain. Typical costs associated
with installation of a portable classroom include delivery and setup charges, permits, sidewalks and wheel chair
ramps, utilities, lease agreements and removal costs. These costs can increase the initial purchase price by another
75%. Additionally, they are generally more expensive by $1 per square foot per year to operate and maintain. The
most energy-efficient portables cost about 2.5 times the national average to heat, cool and light compared to
permanent school buildings. For example, the Mount Vernon News reported electric costs ofa portable classroom
in their local school district ranged from 20-30 cents per square foot while a permanent building structure's
electric costs were only 5-7 cents per square foot. This means a district has more portables to heat, cool, clean and
maintain than it should; and causes a district to spend more money than necessary in utilities, maintenance, and
custodial services. In addition, portable classrooms may place an added strain on core facilities of the schools they
serve (cafeterias, resource centers, gymnasiums, auditoriums, etc.). Finally, students in portables tend to be more
isolated from other students, and indoor air quality problems can be an issue. Cost savings depend on the
conditions at individual school districts, and will be offset initially by the cost of construction of new classrooms,
expanded school core facilities, or new schools. A hypothetical comparison of annualized costs for portables and
new construction' follows:
6 Purchase cost includes the costs of making portable units ready for use. Figures noted here are hypothetical for comparison
purposes only for a typical 62 x 42 building. Needs for each district will vary, such as the options needed for portable units,
energy conservation measures in place (or energy efficiencies included in the portables), location of portables and their
supporting facilities (restrooms, water, etc).
It is important to note that acquisition of new construction or portables is funded with state and local capital
funds, however, the cost of utilities, operations, and maintenance are funded with state and local operating funds,
Therefore, the increased operating cost of portable units creates a burden on limited financial resources over the
life of the building,
Cost savings are not quantifiable because they are dependent upon the conditions of each district and each school
and must be offset initially by any costs of new construction for expanding core facilities 01' new schools or other
relocation costs.
Total: $272,544
Policy No. 6882
Management Support
Arlington Public Schools No. 16
Page 1 of 2
The Board has exclusive control of the acquisition and disposal of all District property. This
power shall be exercised only when the Board determines by Resolution that such property is
or is not necessary for school purposes.
Once the Board has considered all the factors relating to a proposed sale of real property, it
shall comply with all requirements of the law, including:
B. No sale of real property is to take place if the sale price would be less than 90 percent of
the appraisal made by the appraiser unless the property has been on the market for one
year, in which case it may be reappraised and sold for not less than 75 percent of the
average re-appraisal value if the sale is approved by the unanimous consent of the
Board.
C. If the appraised value exceeds $70,000, notice that such a sale is being considered is to
be published in a newspaper of general circulation within the District for at least two
consecutive weeks. The notice shall specify the date, time and place of a public hearing
scheduled to consider the property specified for sale. Evidence concerning the proposed
sale along with the advisability of selling the parcel is to be taken into account by the
Board at such a hearing.
D. Bids may be secured or a licensed real estate broker may be engaged. If the latter, the
commission shall not exceed seven percent. Any appraiser selected by the Board to
appraise the market value of a parcel of property may not be a party to any conh·act
with the District to sell the parcel for a period of three years after the appraisal. No bid
award shall be made within a forty-five day period following publication of notice of
the intended sale in a newspaper of general circulation in the District.
Receipts from the sale of real property shall be placed into the Debt Service fund or in the
Capital Projects fund. However, after an evaluation of the sufficiency of the Capital Projects
fund, receipts may be deposited into the District's General fund to be used exclusively for
nonrecurring costs related to operating school facilities.
Legal References:
Management Resources:
Policy News, June 2001 Use of Real Estate Appraisers Modified
Policy News, February 2005 Surplus Property
Sale, exchange, transfer, lease of public property authorized - Section deemed alternative.
(1) The state or any municipality or any political subdivision thereof, may sell, transfer,
exchange, lease or otherwise dispose of any property, real or personal, or property rights,
including but not limited to the title to real property, to the state or any municipality or
any political subdivision thereof, or the federal government, on such tenns and conditions
as may be mutually agreed upon by the proper authorities of the state and/or the
subdivisions concerned. In addition, the state, or any municipality or any political
subdivision thereof, may sell, transfer, exchange, lease, or otherwise dispose of personal
property, except weapons, to a foreign entity.
(2) This section shall be deemed to provide an alternative method for the doing of the
things authorized herein, and shall not be construed as imposing any additional condition
upon the exercise of any other powers vested in the state, municipalities or political
subdivisions.
[2003 c 303 § 1; 1981 c 96 § 1; 1973 c 109 § 1; 1972 ex.s. c 95 § 1; 1953 c 133 § 1.]
Notes:
Effective date -- 2003 c 303: "This act is necessary for the immediate preservation of
the public peace, health, or safety, or support ofthe state government and its existing
public institutions, and takes effect immediately [May 14, 2003]." [2003 c 303 § 2.]
Exchange of county tax title lands with other governmental agencies: Chapter 36.35
RCW.