Benefits of C-RAN and Adoption Trends

Benefits of C-RAN and adoption trends
Monica Paolini, Senza Fili

9 September, 2015
Agenda
Dr. Chih-Lin I, Chief Scientist of Wireless Technologies,

China Mobile Research Institute
Gael Derven, VP partnership & Business
Development, E-Blink
Eran Bello, VP Products and Marketing, ASOCS
Panel discussion and Q&A
September 9, 2015
|2|
Senza Fili Consulting LLC 2015
C-RAN survey results
Cost savings are major motivation for C-RAN adoption

But yet difficult to assess cost savings in the long term
September 9, 2015
|3|
Asia is the fastest moving market for C-RAN, followed by North America
September 9, 2015
|4|
C-RAN and small cells strengthen each other value proposition

September 9, 2015
|5|
Fiber availability is still perceived as the major obstacle to C-RAN adoption

September 9, 2015
|6|
Senza Fili provides advisory support on wireless data technologies and services. At Senza Fili
we have in depth expertise in financial modelling, market forecasts and research, white paper
preparation, business plan support, RFP preparation and management, due diligence, and
training. Our client base is international and spans the entire value chain: clients include
wireline, fixed wireless, and mobile operators, enterprises and other vertical players, vendors,
system integrators, investors, regulators, and industry associations. We provide a bridge
between technologies and services, helping our clients assess established and emerging
technologies, leverage these technologies to support new or existing services, and build solid,
profitable business models. Independent advice, a strong quantitative orientation, and an
international perspective are the hallmarks of our work. For additional information, visit
www.senzafiliconsulting.com, or contact us at info@senzafiliconsulting.com or +1 425 657
4991.
Monica Paolini, PhD, is the founder and president of Senza Fili. She is an expert in wireless
technologies and has helped clients worldwide to understand technology and customer
requirements, evaluate business plan opportunities, market their services and products, and
estimate the market size and revenue opportunity of new and established wireless
technologies. She has frequently been invited to give presentations at conferences and has
written several reports and articles on wireless broadband technologies. She has a PhD in
cognitive science from the University of California, San Diego (US), an MBA from the University
of Oxford (UK), and a BA/MA in philosophy from the University of Bologna (Italy). You can
contact Monica at monica.paolini@senzafiliconsulting.com.
September 9, 2015
See you in Cologne at RAN World, 29-30

September 2015
www.ranworldevent.com
Monica Paolini
Senza Fili
www.senzafiliconsulting.com
monica.paolini@senzafiliconsulting.com
September 9, 2015
Recent Progress in C-RAN
Dr. Chih-Lin I
Chief Scientist, Wireless Technologies
China Mobile Research Institute
C-RAN Webinar, September 9, 2015
|9|
C-RAN per CMCC White Paper in 2009

Q1 2012: Revolutionary Evolution of RAN; Essential Element of 5G!
Centralized Control and/or Processing
Virtual BS Pool
Centralized processing resource pool that

can support 10~1000 cells
Collaborative Radio
Multi-cell Joint scheduling and processing
Real-Time Cloud (Virtualization)
Real-time Cloud for

centralized processing
High bandwidth optical

transport network
Target to Open IT platform

Consolidate the processing resource into a
Cloud
Flexible multi-standard operation and
migration
Clean System Target

RRU
Distributed RRU RRU
RRU
Less power consuming

Lower OPEX
Fast system roll-out
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
| 10 |
C-RAN trial and deployment in CMCC

Our C-RAN networks span across more than 12
provinces and cities, including 2G, 3G since 2010 and 4G
since 2012
In one city, the ongoing TD-LTE deployment, involving
more than 1000 sites, is mainly adopting C-RAN
Key findings:
C-RAN greatly speeds up the network deployment and
saves the TCO
FH solutions are mature and diverse for different
scenarios
C-RAN greatly helps the system performance
improvement
Beijing
HetNet
15 sites in 4 super cell
Data rate improved by 50%
Hefei
CPRI over OTN in an area of 1.9km^2
20 sites centralization at 1st stage
more than 100 sites on 2nd stage
Beijing
TD-LTE C-RAN Trials & Qingdao

Deployment
2013~ now
Hefei
Chengdu
Fuzhou
Guangz
hou
Qingdao
World-first WDM outdoor version
7 sites, 2-antenna RRUs
Verification of C-RAN UL CoMP with
cell-edge data rate improved by 50 300%
20% saving of CAPEX in overall
Fuzhou
First WDM field trial
2nd stage finished with 17 sites centralization

with passive WDM solution
22% CAPEX saving, consistent with Qingdao

Case
Subsequent C-RAN deployment in TD-L

deployment
Winner of Best Overall RAN Initiative (Trial) of RANNY Awards

| 11 |
Other Commercial C-RAN deployments
KT
C-RAN commercialization in
2011
Around 12 central offices in
Seoul with each supporting
1000 FDD LTE and 1200
7200 WCDMA carriers
SKT
C-RAN commercial deployment
since 2011
Similar centralization scale to KT
L2/L3 processing on x86 platform
one server to support 144 carriers
In China, CU and CT has started C-RAN deployment extensively since 2014;

DoCoMo has just successfully completed an outdoor-commercialenvironment verification of its Advanced C-RAN, achieving a 240Mbps
downlink using 35MHz bandwidth in February 2015
C-RAN has also been tested or deployed in Europe and North America, e.g.
Orange, Verizon etc.
| 12 |
Softbank
PRDOCOMO Verifies
Advanced C-RAN in outdoor
environment
Source: KT, SKT, DOCOMO

RAN virtualization: the story in a C-RAN prototype

LTE VM-based L1+L2+L3 live migration
First PoC developed in house

VM+OAI
RT-Linux+
Driver
EPC
PCIe
FrontEnd
CPRI
SmarTile
Commercial
UE
(Samsung)
Spectrum
analyzer
(Keysight)
EPC
soft BBU
End2end system: from EPC,

baseband, radio to UE
Front-end: CPRI termination
Linux: special optimization to

improve real-time performance
Commercial EPC, UE
Integrated with SmarTile
BS configuration & management

modules
20MHz, 2 antennas
4*2-ant SmarTile,
CPRI@2.4576Gbps
SmarTile
Based on OAI *, yet significant improvements via SW architecture redesign & various
optimization
5MHz -> 20MHz LTE
Peak DL throughput (45Mbps, Config. 3, single port)
Live migration
FFT module processing time saved by 1/3
Dynamic DL resource scheduling to support adaptive video coding (edge app.)
IQ data transportation via PCIe and

10GE
Host -> VM
New branch setup in OAI for C-RAN (Sep. 2014,
https://svn.eurecom.fr/openairsvn/openair4G/branches/cran)
*: OAI: http://www.openairinterface.org/
| 13 |
Virtualized C-RAN demoed in MWC 2015

World-first L1+L2+L3 live migration demonstration
| 14 |
Highlights:
Optimization on RT performance of hypervisor

and OS
Interrupt response time: traditional v.s.

optimized
Max: 1.68ms vs 16.90us
Avg: 100us vs 4us
LTE in VM without acceleration
World-first L1+L2+L3 live migration

demonstration
Optimized down-time performance to 10ms

order of magnitude
No service interruption during LM
I/Q data soft handover during LM
Memory sharing to allow high-speed

communication b/w Frond-end card, OS and VM
First field trial for C-RAN virtualization with accelerator-based solution
Multi-RAT: GSM & TD-LTE

TD-LTE:
Hybrid indoor and outdoor
coverage
18 indoor cells
3 outdoor cells
BBU pool
Centralized COTS components
4 standard IT racks, hosting 17 HP
servers
3 10Gbps switches and 1 Gbps
switch
Accelerator for L1 processing
Demo cases
GSM voice calls
iPhone for LTE 2A video streaming
iPhone for LTE 2A video streaming
with live migration
Dongle for LTE 2A DL
| 15 |
NGFI: the next big thing

Challenges for future interface/transport network
NGFI considerations
Virtual BS Pool
Real-time Cloud for

centralized processing
High bandwidth optical

transport network
CPRI NGFI
RRU
RRU
Distributed RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
Massive carriers
(9.8Gbps for each carrier2 with 20M&8 Ant.)
RRU
P2P connection
Low-efficiency,
High consumption,
Inflexibility
The objectives of NGFI
Enable statistical multiplexing for FH
Decoupling cell&UE proc. and UL&DL
Support 5G key tech.

The key is function re-split between
BBU and RRU & re-design of
underlined transport networks
Ethernet as promising solution
NGFI encapsulation , IEEE 1904 WG
(2-3 Jun in Beijing hosted by CMCC)

Latency enhancement , TSN
Synchronization, IEEE 1588WG & ITU-T
First NGFI workshop on 4th June, 2015
Massive antennas (160Gbps for 128 Ant.)

| 16 |
The 1st NGFI workshop in Beijing
June 4th, CMRI, Beijing

NGFI White Paper version 1 (co-authored by
CMCC, Broadcom, Intel, Alcatel-Lucent, ZTE,
Nokia)
Keynote speech
Panel discussion
MoU signing ceremony (including Broadcom,
Intel, Alcatel-Lucent, ZTE, Nokia, Xilinx)

White Paper of
Next Generation Fronthaul Interface
1.0
201564
http://labs.chinamobile.com/cran/
| 17 |
Relevant SDO activities
IEEE
IEEE 1904.3 TF: newly founded to address the CPRI encapsulation in the form of Ethernet packet
IEEE TSN: work item under preparation
IEEE 1588WG: considering specialized solutions to improved synchronization accuracy
A NGFI working group (WG) under preparation under the sponsorship of an IEEE-SA Standards
Sponsor with founding members of CMCC, AT&T, Huawei, Broadcom (more to join)
CCSA:
Newly founded project in CCSA to study the requirements, scenarios and the key technologies
NGMN:
Initial analysis on function split for LTE
NGFI as a key building block for 5G
ITU-T:
Initial discussion on how to support synchronization for NGFI
ITU-T FG for IMT-2020, FH being one of the key topics
| 18 |
CMCC 5G System Architecture

Core Network
SDN/NFV
PTN
Transportation
network
PON
Unified RAN architecture + Common high layer protocolUCN/NMC
based on CRAN/NGFI
SDAI(Adaptive radio access)
Low Freq. evolved
RIT
Low Freq. New RIT
Seamless wide-area
coverage
High frequency RIT
Massive-MTC RIT
Hotspot and high

Low-power &
data rate
massive-connections
| 19 |
Mission-Critical RIT
Low-latency &
high-reliability
Towards No More Cell

No more Cell
Cell specific
Reconstruct common broadcast

Centralized radio control for access, Sync,
Scheduling and etc
Remove C-RNTI and hard handover
Common broadcast
Access, Sync, Scheduling and etc
Mobility: hard handover
Rethink cellular: towards No More Cell in Ultra Dense Network (UDN)
Almost equivalent number and tx power of AP and UE in UDN

Unique UE ID in connected mode and network coordinated initial access
Enhanced UL measurement for sync and mobility, towards seamless handover
Data only Carrier design, for low cost AP deployment
Network coordinated UE ID,

Random Access, AP selection,
RRC, Mobility and etc.
Macro AP
Broadcast all system information over SFN
Data only Carrier

No cell specific common broadcast
Macro assisted
Preferred uplink mobility measurement
User centric Access Cloudlet

with on-demand minimum system information
| 20 |
No More Cell: User Oriented Network based on C-RAN
Cell only exists when user comes

User1
vBBU1
User2
vBBU2
BBU Pool
RRU BBU
Switch and Forward
RRU1
RRU2
RRU3
RRU4
RRU5
vCell2
vCell1
User 1
User 2
| 21 |
C-RAN: from little known to well known to common consensus in 7

years
Strong and continuously maturing ecosystem: from CT to IT, from

transport to wireless, from centralization to virtualization
Fronthaul & NGRI
BBU pooling HW platform
virtualization
Various SDOs and initiatives: NGMN, IEEE, ITU-T, ETSI, EU S7FP project, OAI,
ETSI etc.
| 22 |
Summary
Revolutionary Evolution of RAN
C-RAN is not a single technology, its a technology path

Multiple phases, features and gains
Essential Enabling Element of 5G
NGFI for multi-level collaboration, and more

IEEE NGFI WG being launched
5G: Joint Design of AI/MAC/RA and RAN Architecture!
| 23 |
Thank you!
| 24 |
Wireless
fronthaul
picks up...
...where fiber
leaves off
| 25 |
Network evolution
and densification
From distribution
RRU
x10
Mobile
core
Backhaul (Fiber / wireless)

BBU
RRU and RRU

Carrier aggregation CoMP,
V-RAN
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
RR
U
LTE A / 5G / C-RAN
RRU
C-RAN
Mobile
core
BBU
BBU
BBU
BBU
BBU
BBU
BBU
RR
U
RR
U
RR
U
Fronthaul (Fiber / Wireless)
to centralization
Macro, Remote cell, Metro cell, Small cell

26
| 26 |
Wireless fronthaul complements fiber

BBU Hotel
C-RAN
RRU
Macro RRU
RRU
Wireless
Backhaul
Fronthaul
Fiber
Optical fronthaul network
RRU
Macro RRU
RRU
Very last mile
Wireless fronthaul picks up where fiber leaves off

27
| 27 |
Network densification with wireless fronthaul
Turn every site into a local C-RAN and add remote macro & micro sectors
28
| 28 |
Adding a remote sector for capacity
~510M
29
| 29 |
Adding a remote sector for VIP coverage
30
| 30 |
EBlink at RAN World Cologne 29 & 30 Sep
www.e-blink.com / gael.derven@e-blink.com
31
| 31 |
| 32 |
Virtual-RAN: Delivering on the C-RAN Promise

Eran Bello, VP Product & Marketing
September 9, 2015
2015 ASOCS Ltd.
Confidential
| 33 |
Traditional RAN Topology

D-RAN
Distributed RAN
Traditional Baseband
Fronthaul
Baseband
to RRH (Local)
CPRI over Fiber
Backhaul
Transport
EPC
34
Confidential
| 34 |
Traditional RAN Topology: Challenges

D-RAN
Distributed RAN
Air-interface, configuration specific Non-agile
Fronthaul
Individual cell planning High CAPEX
Baseband
to RRH (Local)
CPRI over Fiber
Individual cell maintenance High OPEX
Purpose built appliances Non-Scalable
Backhaul
Transport
EPC
35
Confidential
| 35 |
Centralized RAN Topology: Base Station Hoteling

D-RAN
C-RAN
Distributed RAN
Centralized RAN
SAME Appliances:
Non-agile
Fronthaul
High CAPEX
Fronthaul
Transport
Baseband
to RRH (Local)
CPRI over Fiber
Baseband to RRH
CPRI over Fiber
Centralization:
Centralized
Baseband Pool
Improved OPEX
Backhaul
Transport
Backhaul
Transport
EPC
36
Improved scalability
EPC
Confidential
| 36 |
Virtual RAN Topology: Decoupling of Software & Hardware

D-RAN
C-RAN
vRAN
Distributed RAN
Centralized RAN
Virtualized RAN
Virtual Baseband
Air-interface agnostic
Fronthaul
Baseband
to RRH (Local)
CPRI over Fiber
Centralization and Virtualization

Max agility
Fronthaul
Transport
Fronthaul
Transport
Max scalability
Baseband to RRH
CPRI over Fiber
Baseband to RRH
CPRI over Fiber
Low CAPEX
Low OPEX
Virtualized
Baseband Pool
Backhaul
Transport
Backhaul
Transport
Backhaul
Transport
EPC
37
Centralized
Baseband Pool
EPC
Confidential
| 37 |
Traditional Small Cells Topology

Small Cells
Distributed RAN
Purpose built appliances Non-Scalable
Air-interface, configuration specific Non-Agile
Backhaul
Transport to
Proprietary RRH
Individual cell maintenance High OPEX

Small cell coverage and capacity Non-Scalable
Backhaul
Transport
EPC
38
Confidential
| 38 |
Traditional Small Cells Topology: Meeting Bands Required

Small Cells
Distributed RAN
Increasing densification for coverage

High CAPEX
Non-Scalable
Backhaul
Transport to
Proprietary RRH
Individual cell maintenance
High OPEX
Air-interface, configuration specific
Non-agile
Backhaul
Transport
EPC
39
Confidential
| 39 |
Traditional Small Cells Topology: Meeting Capacity Required

Small Cells
Distributed RAN
Increasing densification for capacity

High CAPEX
Non-Scalable
Backhaul
Transport to
Proprietary RRH
Individual cell maintenance
High OPEX
Air-interface, configuration specific
Non-agile
Backhaul
Transport
EPC
40
Confidential
| 40 |
D-RAN Split Topology: Adding Appliance to the Network

Small Cells
D-RAN Split
Distributed RAN
Distributed RAN with

Split Baseband
SAME purpose built distributed

appliances
Non-agile
Backhaul
Transport to
Proprietary RRH
Backhaul
Transport to
Proprietary RRH
Non-Scalable
High CAPEX
High OPEX
Backhaul
Transport
Backhaul
Transport
EPC
41
EPC
Confidential
| 41 |
Virtual RAN Topology: Decoupling of Software & Hardware

Small Cells
D-RAN Split
vRAN
Distributed RAN
Distributed RAN with

Split Baseband
Virtualized RAN
Virtual Baseband
Centralization and Virtualization
Backhaul
Transport to
Proprietary RRH
Max agility
Max scalability
Fronthaul
Transport
Backhaul
Transport to
Proprietary RRH
Baseband to RRH
CPRI over Fiber
Low CAPEX
Virtualized
Baseband Pool
Low OPEX
Backhaul
Transport
EPC
42
Backhaul
Transport
Backhaul
Transport
EPC
Confidential
| 42 |
In-Building vRAN: DAS & vBS= HIGH Coverage &Capacity

Distributed Antenna System (DAS)
vRAN
Virtualized RAN
Virtual Baseband
Fronthaul
Transport
Neutral Host
Fronthaul
Wide Band
Baseband to RRH
CPRI over Fiber
Transport
Virtual
Base Station
(vBS)
RRH
Baseband
Fulltoagility
CPRI over Fiber
Full scalability
Baseband Pool
Backhaul
Transport
Virtualized
Pool
LowBaseband
CAPEX
Low OPEXBackhaul
Transport
EPC
EPC
43
Confidential
| 43 |
RAN Use-cases
Rural area
High Dense Urban
Distributed RAN
Virtual RAN
Traditional Macro
Base Stations
High Power
Small Cells
44
In-building Residential
and Small to Mid-size
Enterprise
In-building Mid-size to
Large Venues and
Enterprise
WiFi
WiFi
Femto Cells
Virtual RAN
Confidential
| 44 |
Virtual Base Station Overview

A key component in vRAN: virtual Radio Access Network
A software based implementation of traditional base station
Deployed in virtual machines on standard COTS servers
Enable shared and dynamic resource allocation
45
Confidential
| 45 |
Fully Virtualized Base Station On Standard Cloud

Cloud-RAN deployment at any scale, on an open platform
Unmatched spectrum, energy efficiency
Significantly reduced TCO
46
Confidential
| 46 |
NFV vBS-Based RAN: Cloud RAN at the Metro & Edge
Complete RAN Virtualization: Every Layer, all functions, any RRU

47
Confidential
| 47 |
Expanding NFV through vBS at the Edge
vBS
vCD
vEPC N
vSEC
Deploying vBS at the edge enables other

NFV VNF to migrate from core to premise
vEPC, vIMS, vCDN, vSecurity, vMonitoring, etc.
48
Confidential
| 48 |
In-building and Outdoor vRAN: Value Proposition

Improved spectrum efficiency
Enables implementation of advanced technologies to optimize utilization
Joint Processing/Joint Transmission (JP/JT) type of CoMP
Reduced probability for rip & replace
CoMP
Virtual Base Station resources allocated per

deployment topology
Reduces on site engineering time for long manual
antenna positioning
Enables Pay as you Grow approach
Single
Antenna
sector
Multi
Antenna
sector
MIMO
Neutral host platform

A Single platform can support various Carries
Enables Capacity based charging
Evolving DAS to DRAS networks

Distributed Radio Antenna System!
49
Confidential
| 49 |
Summary
Complete RAN Virtualization

Every layer, all functions, any RRH and scale
Unparalleled spectrum efficiency
A single unified platform for neutral hosts and Carrier of Carriers
Future proof, paving the way to 5G
50
Confidential
| 50 |
Thank You!
www.asocsnetworks.com
| 51 |

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Benefits of C-RAN and Adoption Trends

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Benefits of C-RAN and adoption trends

Monica Paolini, Senza Fili

Dr. Chih-Lin I, Chief Scientist of Wireless Technologies,

Eran Bello, VP Products and Marketing, ASOCS

Panel discussion and Q&A

Senza Fili Consulting LLC 2015

C-RAN survey results

Cost savings are major motivation for C-RAN adoption

Senza Fili Consulting LLC 2015

C-RAN survey results

Senza Fili Consulting LLC 2015

C-RAN survey results

C-RAN and small cells strengthen each other value proposition

Senza Fili Consulting LLC 2015

C-RAN survey results

Fiber availability is still perceived as the major obstacle to C-RAN adoption

Senza Fili Consulting LLC 2015

See you in Cologne at RAN World, 29-30

Recent Progress in C-RAN

Senza Fili Consulting LLC 2015

C-RAN per CMCC White Paper in 2009

Centralized Control and/or Processing

Centralized processing resource pool that

Multi-cell Joint scheduling and processing

Real-Time Cloud (Virtualization)

Real-time Cloud for

High bandwidth optical

Target to Open IT platform

Clean System Target

Distributed RRU RRU

Less power consuming

Senza Fili Consulting LLC 2015

C-RAN trial and deployment in CMCC

TD-LTE C-RAN Trials & Qingdao

First WDM field trial

2nd stage finished with 17 sites centralization

22% CAPEX saving, consistent with Qingdao

Subsequent C-RAN deployment in TD-L

Winner of Best Overall RAN Initiative (Trial) of RANNY Awards

Senza Fili Consulting LLC 2015

Other Commercial C-RAN deployments

In China, CU and CT has started C-RAN deployment extensively since 2014;

Source: KT, SKT, DOCOMO

RAN virtualization: the story in a C-RAN prototype

First PoC developed in house

End2end system: from EPC,

Front-end: CPRI termination

Linux: special optimization to

Integrated with SmarTile

BS configuration & management

5MHz -> 20MHz LTE

Peak DL throughput (45Mbps, Config. 3, single port)

FFT module processing time saved by 1/3

Dynamic DL resource scheduling to support adaptive video coding (edge app.)

IQ data transportation via PCIe and

New branch setup in OAI for C-RAN (Sep. 2014,

Senza Fili Consulting LLC 2015

Virtualized C-RAN demoed in MWC 2015

Optimization on RT performance of hypervisor

Interrupt response time: traditional v.s.

Max: 1.68ms vs 16.90us

Avg: 100us vs 4us

LTE in VM without acceleration