Design of Aqueduct

Input Data
canal data
Full Supply Discharge
Full Supply Level
Canal Bed Level
Canal Water Depth (D)
Canal Bed Width (B)
Rugosity coff for concrete (n)
side slope
bed slope
free board

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

0.9825
560.259
559.499
0.76
0.80
0.016
1.5
1800
0.4

cumecs
m
m
m
m

Drainage Data
High Flood Discharge (Q)
High Flood Level
High Flood Depth
General Ground Level

=
=
=
=

18.00
557.00
2.00
555.00

cumecs
m
m
m

=
=

4.75*(Q1/2)
20.15254

:1

Design of Drainage water way

Lacey`s regime Perimeter (P)

Based on perimeter assume clear span width and thickness of peir

and accordingly no. of ways and no. of piers to provide. No. of piers
are one less than no. of ways.
assume
clear span b/w pier
=
10 m
thickness of pier
=
1.5 m
No. of ways provided
=
2
no of piers
=
1
water way between abutments (L)
=
21.5 m

Deisgn of canal water way

bed width of canal
let the cnala flumed to (B0)
Assume
Spaly in contraction
splay in expansion
length of contraction transition
length of expansion transition
length of flummed rectangular portion
of the canal between abutments

0.80 m

0.60 m

=
=

2 :1
3 :1

=
=
=

0.2 m
0.3 m
21.5 m

length of flummed rectangular portion

of the canal between abutments
In the transitions , the side slopes of the section will be warped from 1.5:1 to
vertical.
Head loss and Bed levels at different sections
At section 4-4
Area of Section (A4)
Velocity (V4)
Velocity Head
RL of Bed (given)
RL of Water Surface
RL of T.E.L.

(B+1.5D)*D

=
=
=

1.4744 m2
Q/A
0.666373 m/s

=
=
=
=
=

V2/2g
0.022633 m
559.499 m
560.259 m
560.282 m

At section 3-3
keeping the same water depth thoughout the channel
B0*D
Area of Section (A3)
=
Velocity (V3)

=
=
=

0.456 m2
Q/A
2.154605 m/s

Velocity Head

=
V2/2g
=
0.236612 m
loss of head in expnasion from section 3-3 to 4-4
0.3(V32-V42)/2g
=
=
=
=
=

0.064194
560.346 m
560.109 m
559.349 m

Length of Trough Section

21.5 m

Area of Trough
wetted perimeter
Hydraulic mean depth
velocity in Trough

=
=
=
=
=

0.456 m2
2.12 m
0.215094 m
Q/A
2.154605 m/s

Froction loss b/w 2-2 to 3-3 (HL)

=
=

(n2*V2*L)/(R4/3)
0.198263 m

RL of T.E.L.
RL of Water Surface
RL of Bed (given)

=
=
=

560.544 m
560.307 m
559.547 m

RL of T.E.L.
RL of Water Surface
RL of Bed (given)
At section 2-2

At section 1-1
Loss of head in Contraction transition from 1-1 to 2-2
0.2(V32-V42)/2g
=
=
RL of T.E.L.
RL of Water Surface
RL of Bed (given)
Design of Transitions

=
=
=

0.042796
560.587 m
560.564 m
559.804 m

Contraction transition
By Mitra`s Hyperbolic Transition equation
Bf =

0.60 m

Bn =

0.80 m

length of contaction tansition Lf =

0.20 m
x is the distance at which distance u want bed width
Bx =
Bn*Bf*Lf/Lf*Bn-x(Bn-Bf)
x=
Bx =

0
0.6

Expansion transition
By Mitra`s Hyperbolic Transition equation
Bf =

0.60 m

Bn =

0.80 m

length of expansion tansition Lf =

Bx =

0.05
0.1
0.15
0.64 0.685714 0.738462

0.30 m
Bn*Bf*Lf/Lf*Bn-x(Bn-Bf)

x=
Bx =

0
0.05
0.15
0.6 0.626087 0.685714

Design of Trough
The trough will be of 0.6m and wall thickness will be 0.1m. A free board of
0.14m above FSD of 0.76m may be sufficient . Hence the Height of the Trough
will therfore be kept equal to 0.76+0.14=0.9m.
The Entire Section will be constrcued in
designed by usual strcutural methods.
Tentative thickness of walls
Bottom Slab of Trough
Clear Width b/w Wall

monolithic reinforced concrete &

=
=
=

0.1 m
0.15 m
0.6 m
1

0.2
0.72

Canal
0.80

0.60

0.2

21.5
Trough

Contraction
Tarnsition

1
TEL RL
Water Surface RL
Bed Level RL

560.587
560.564
559.804

2
560.544
560.307
559.547

0.2
0.8

0.25
0.757895

0.3
0.8

0.3
Expansion
Tarnsition

3
560.346
560.109
559.349

4
560.282
560.259
559.499

AQUEDUCT T
NAME OF WORK:-

PKN

CANAL DATA

FOR AQUEDUCT (Vertica

cumec

Discharge

0.9825

Bed width

0.80

0.60

water Side slope

1.5

:1

vertical

F.S.D.

0.76

0.76

Free Board

0.40

0.40

Bed slope

C.B.L.

559.499

559.499

F.S.L.

560.26

560.259

M.W.D.

1.16

1.16

10

Span

10.00

10000

11

Concrete

1 in

1800

20
7

Mcbc

12

Steel

0.9825

1 in

wt. of concrete
m

Inside

st

150

1800

25000
13
Out side

st

190

wt

9800

13

Water

14

Reinforcement (in wall)

Main Vertical

10

15

Reinforcement (in Slab)

Main

16

16

Reinforcement (in wall Beam)

Main bottom

20

17

Distribution (in wall Beam)

18

Trough Wall thickness

270

19

Trough Slab thickness

300

pk_nandwana@yahoo,co,in

two lgd. Strrirps

AQUEDUCT TROUGH DESIGN

OR AQUEDUCT (Vertical section)

cumec

270

TBL 960.26

600
2x 16 mm top anchor bar

m
:1

10

mm bars@

F.B.

400

FSD

760

180
F.S.L. 560.259

8 mm 2 ledge stirrups@

mm bars@

140

10

mm bars@

90

16 mm bars@

300

220
16 mmbars@

200

Hench

110
8 mmbars@

10 mm bars@

300

6 x Bars

20

130

m
mm

0.12

CBL 559.499

kg/m3

720
300
200

200

kg/m3
mm@

90

mm c/c

Disty.

mm@

140

mm c/c

mm @

110

mm c/c

Disty.

mm@

130

mm c/c

16

mmNos.

mm

Nos.

mm@

300

mm c/c

mm

or

0.27

mtr

mm

or

0.30

mtr

Top anchor

Nos.

270

15

115

20

45

33

44

18

40

20

41

20

AQUEDUCT TROUGH DESIGN

NAME OF WORK:-

PKN

FOR QUEDUCT
0.9825
cumec
0.60
m
vertical
0.76
m
0.40
m
1800
559.499
m
560.259
m
1.16
m
10.00
m
50
mm
40
mm

CANAL DATA

Discharge
Bed width
water Side slope
F.S.D.
Free Board
Bed slope
C.B.L.
F.S.L.

0.9825
0.80
1.5 :1
0.76
0.40
1800
559.499
560.26
1.16

M.W.D.

Span

cumec
m
m
m
m
m
m

(Proposed)

Nominal Cover
Effective cover

For HYSD Bars

1 Design Constants:-

Concrete M- 20

for water side force

st =
cbc =
m

k=
j=1-k/3

R=1/2xc x j x k

150 N/mm2
7 N/mm2
13
m*c
=

m*c+st
1

0.5

wt. of concrete
wt of water
13

13
0.378
7

x
/
x

7
3
0.87

150

=
=
=

0.378

=
=

wt. of concrete
wt of water

=
=

for out side force

st =
cbc =
m

k=
j=1-k/3

R=1/2xc x j x k

190 N/mm2
7 N/mm2
13
m*c
=

m*c+st
1

0.5

13
0.324
7

13
x
7
x
7
+ 190
/
3
x
0.892 x 0.324

=
=
=

2 DESIGN OF VERTICAL WALL:-

The trough wall is to be designed as a beam having a span of

between supports Hence thickness should be equal to span/28
span
10.00 x
1000
=
28
28
Max.depth of water
=
1.16 m
wh3
9800 x
B.M.
=
=

=
=
span =
1.16 3

B.M.

=
=

Effective depth required

Providing thickness "D"=

360

Rxb
mm

6
2549 x
1000
=
1.16 x
1000
cover =
50

mm, Effec

Steel required

Ast =
using

BMx1000
st x j x D

mm bars =

10

spacing =A/Ast
mm bars

=
@

minimum steel to be provided for distribution

Area of distribution steel required

Steel of Each face

10

Hence Provided

using

mm bars

spacing =A/Ast
8

Hence Provided

2549
x 1000
=
150 x
0.892 x 310
3.14xdia2
A
=
=
4
x
100
78.50 x
1000
/
61.46 =
1270 mm c/c half the bars will be curtailed at
0.1 (
36
0.3
10
45
0.23 %
813
2
A

of x section area

406

mm2

= 3.14xdia2
=
4 x100
=
50.24 x
1000
/ 406.29 =
mm bars
@
120 mm c/c Each face

3 Design of Horizontal slabe :-

The trough slab having a span of of

=
between walls Hence thickness should be equal to span/20
span
0.60 x
1000
=
=
20
20
mm
Adopt effective thickness of slab "T" =
100
cover =
50
mm
Effective span of slab =
BW+ depth
=
Loading
Load of water column =
mwd x
9800 =
1.16 x
9800
Wt of slab = wt of concrete x area of slab
=
25000 x
1.00 x
per meter length
wH2
9800 x
1.16 x
Total water pressure on vertical wall=
=
2
2

Fixing moment at end of slab =

Max. possible segging moment

Net B.M. at center of span of slab=

WL2
8

1598

Since tension face is out side

Effective depth required

st

=
=

6593

13868

3538

0.96
x
8
-1941

190

-1941 x

J=

1000

Effective depth required

44

Provided Effective depth

Rxb
mm

1.011 x
cover =

1000
50

=
mm

Steel required

-1940.89 x 1000
=
190 x
0.89 x 44
3.14xdia2
using 16 mm bars
=
A
=
=
4
x
100
spacing =A/Ast
=
201
x
1000
/
-261
=
Hence Provided
16 mm bars
@
mm
c/c
-760
x
1000
3538
Area of steel required at end (Near support)
=
0.874
x
150
x
This is
<
than half the steel provided at the center of span
half the bars from the center of the span may be bent up at L/2 m
Let us check whether this bending of half bars satisfies the enchorage and devlopments envis
equation M1/V + Lo > Ld
201
1
1000 x
x
Ast x st x j x d=
Where M1=
x
2
-760
=
-0.98 x
10'6
N-mm
13868
x
0.96
V = shear force at the ends
6657
N
=
=
2
Ast =

Where

BMx100/stxjxD=

Lo

Ls

=
M1
V

ls

2
Length of support

x'

-0.98

360

mm

x 10'6
6657

+ Lo

Ld

st
4 t bd

=
or

46.88
191

x
<

minimum steel to be provided for distribution

0.3

Area of distribution steel required

Steel of Each face

using

mm bars

spacing =A/Ast
Hence Provided
8

0.30 %
283
2
A

+
x
x
=

16

and x'
360
2
150

0.8
4
mm
750
16
Thus the requirement is not
750
0.1 (
94
100
450
-

of x section area
142

mm2

= 3.14xdia2
=
4
=
50.24 x
1000
/ 141.55 =
mm bars
@
350 cm c/c Each face

4 Design of side wall as Beam :live load from slab =

total load on slab x bw / 2

13868

mwd

Self load =

Max. possible segging moment=

using st

190

WL2
8

wt

1.16

14600

10.00
8

k=

N/mm2

Rxb

Effective depth required

thick.

Actual depth '=

But providing thickness =

0.324

x
1.011 x
1.26
or
182505

1.16
+
0.10 =
1260 mm - (2 x cover =

80

Steel required

182505.0 x 1000
=
190 x
0.892 x 1180
20
using
mm bars
A
= 3.14xdia2
=
4 x100
Nomber of Bars = Ast/A
=
913 /
314 =
Hence Provided
bars of
mm at Bottom
3
20
Ast =

BMx100/stxjxD=

% of steel provided =
Shear force

V - Vc

Sv

3
360

total load

314
1180

span

100
14600

x
2
73002.0

2
Shear stress
shea force
=
=
Beam Ht.
Beam Dt.
x
360
x
steel provided tc
Permissible shear stress for
0.22
%
=
TV
Tc
Shear reinforcenment required if
<
Hence shear reinforcement not
Vc = shear resistance of concrete =
tc.b.d
=
0.20
x
1180
x
Vs

Spacing of strirrups is given by

While maximum permissible spacing of

shear stirip is
Sv

Hence
Hence using

mm dia
Sv

<
=

73002
st .d.Asv
Vs
2.175

=
x

fy
B

Asy

=
x
-11958
<

2.51 Asv
2 Legged stirrups A

84960
190

2.51

=
100.5 =

100.5 mm2
252

mm

Hence provideed
legged shear stirrus
8 mm Dia
2
Provide 2 x 12 mm hoilding bars at the top.

40

18

40

16

34

16

34

ESIGN

20
25000
9800

N/m3
N/mm2
for water side force

0.378

0.378

0.874
1.155

J
R

=
=

0.874
1.155

25000
9800

N/m3
N/mm2
for out side force

0.324

0.324

0.892
1.011

J
R

=
=

0.892
1.011

10.00 m
360
10.00

mm say

360

mm

m
=

2549

N-m

2549463

26

2549

N-m

47

mm

mm, Effective depth =

310

61

n-mm

mm

mm2

3.14

10

10

1277 mm
s will be curtailed at
10
)

0.23

3.14

0.78

0.23

360
100

8
4

78.5 mm2
from base

1000

813 mm2

50.2 mm2

123.6568 mm

0.60 m
30

mm say

100

mm

Total thickness =

0.6 +

0.1
1.16
1.2
3
0.96
kg-m
0.892

0.36 =

=
=

11368
2500
13868

=
+

43.813032 mm

150

0.96 m
N
N
N

6593
0.3
2

1598

3538

N-m

The slab is design for this B.M.

mm

R=

1.011

N-m

mm

43.813032 mm
providing thickness

-261

94

mm

201

mm2

mm2

3.14

16
4

16

-768.877 mm
1000
44

616

mm2

at the center of span,However,

y be bent up at L/2 meter from supports.
d devlopments envisaged in
190

ls

0.892

44

x'

13

side cover =

50

46.88

mm

50

13

= 190.51 mm

16

Concrete
M 20

See table
3.4

s the requirement is not satisfied

100

100

0.30

3.14

0.30

94
100

8
4

355

cm

0.6

1000

4160

283

mm2

50.2 mm2

kg-m

0.36 x
25000 =
Total Load
=
10.00
=
182505
J

0.892

708

1000
360
1260
80

mm
)=

913

mm2

3.14

2.91
0.22

1180
0.2

kg-m
kg-m

Kg-m
R = 1.011

mm

1180 mm

20
4
say

20

314

mm2

No.

10.0
73002.0

10440
14600

73002

kg.

0.17

N/mm2

N/mm2

(See Table 3.1)

hear reinforcement not required

360
=
-11958
N
1180
Asv

-11958
2.175

84960

N
=

415
360

-18.75
Asv

<

Asv
2.51

Asv

300

mm

mm2
mm

shear stirrus

subject to a max.
@

300

=
mm c/c

NAME OF WORK:-

PKN

270

TBL 758.58

5000
2x 16 mm top anchor bar
10

mm bars@

F.B.

500

FSD

2000

180
F.S.L. 258.58

8 mm 2 ledge stirrups@

mm bars@

140

10

mm bars@

90

16 mm bars@

300

220
16 mmbars@

110
8 mmbars@

200

10 mm bars@

300

6 x Bars

20

CBL 256.58

130

1.00
720

300

200

200

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

270

Table 1.15. PERMISSIBLE DIRECT TENSILE STRESS

Grade of concr

Tensile
stress
N/mm2

M-10

M-15

M-20

M-25

M-30

M-35

M-40

1.2

2.0

2.8

3.2

3.6

4.0

4.4

Table 1.16.. Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of
concrete
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M

10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50

Permission stress in compression (N/mm2) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for plain
bars in tention (N/mm2)
Bending cbc
Direct (cc)
Kg/m2 (N/mm2)
Kg/m2
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2) in kg/m2
3.0
300
2.5
250
--5.0
500
4.0
400
0.6
60
7.0
700
5.0
500
0.8
80
8.5
850
6.0
600
0.9
90
10.0
1000
8.0
800
1.0
100
11.5
1150
9.0
900
1.1
110
13.0
1300
10.0
1000
1.2
120
14.5
1450
11.0
1100
1.3
130
1600
1200
140
16.0
12.0
1.4

Table 1.18. MODULAR RATIO

M-10
31
(31.11)

Grade of concr

Modular ratio

M-15
19
(18.67)

M-20
13
(13.33)

M-25
11
(10.98)

M-30
9
(9.33)

M-35
8
(8.11)

M-40
7
(7.18)

Table 2.1. VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS

Grade of concrete

M-15

M-20

M-25

M-30

M-35

M-40

Modular Ratio

18.67
5
93.33
0.4
0.867
0.867
0.714
0.329
0.89
0.732
0.433
0.289
0.904
0.653
0.314

13.33
7
93.33
0.4
0.867
1.214
1
0.329
0.89
1.025
0.606
0.289
0.904
0.914
0.44

10.98
8.5
93.33
0.4
0.867
1.474
1.214
0.329
0.89
1.244
0.736
0.289
0.904
1.11
0.534

9.33
10
93.33
0.4
0.867
1.734
1.429
0.329
0.89
1.464
0.866
0.289
0.904
1.306
0.628

8.11
11.5
93.33
0.4
0.867
1.994
1.643
0.329
0.89
1.684
0.997
0.289
0.904
1.502
0.722

7.18
13
93.33
0.4
0.867
2.254
1.857
0.329
0.89
1.903
1.127
0.289
0.904
1.698
0.816

cbc N/mm2
m cbc
(a) st =
140
N/mm2
(Fe 250)

kc
jc
Rc
Pc (%)
kc

(b) st = j
c
190
Rc
N/mm2

Pc (%)

(c ) st =
230
N/mm2
(Fe 415)

kc
jc
Rc
Pc (%)

Shear stress tc
100As
bd
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24

0.25
0.26

0.27
0.28

0.29
0.3

0.31
0.32

0.33
0.34

0.35
0.36

0.37
0.38

0.39
0.4

0.41
0.42

0.43
0.44

0.45
0.46

0.47
0.48

0.49

Reiforcement %

M-20

M-20

0.18
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.29

0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.4
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.51

100As
bd
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.24

0.27
0.3
0.32

0.35
0.38

0.41
0.44

0.47
0.5

0.55
0.6

0.65
0.7

0.75
0.82
0.88
0.94

1.00
1.08
1.16
1.25
1.33
1.41
1.50
1.63
1.64
1.75
1.88
2.00
2.13
2.25

0.5

0.51
0.52

0.53
0.54

0.55
0.56

0.57
0.58

0.59
0.6

0.61
0.62

0.63
0.64

0.65
0.66

0.67
0.68

0.69
0.7

0.71
0.72

0.73
0.74

0.75
0.76

0.77
0.78

0.79
0.8

0.81
0.82

0.83
0.84

0.85
0.86

0.87
0.88

0.89
0.9

0.91
0.92

0.93
0.94

0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.38

0.95
0.96

0.97
0.98
0.99

1.00
1.01

1.02
1.03

1.04
1.05

1.06
1.07

1.08
1.09

1.10
1.11

1.12
1.13

1.14
1.15

1.16
1.17

1.18
1.19

1.20
1.21

1.22
1.23

1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39

0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43

1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84

0.43
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47

1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29

0.47
0.47
0.47
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74

0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.90
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
3.00
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15

0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

Table 3.1. Permissible shear stress Table c in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As

bd

M-15
0.18
0.22
0.29
0.34
0.37
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44

< 0.15

0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00 and above

Permissible shear stress in concrete

M-20
M-25
M-30
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.42
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.48
0.47
0.49
0.50
0.49
0.51
0.53
0.51
0.53
0.55
0.51
0.55
0.57
0.51
0.56
0.58
0.51
0.57
0.6

tc N/mm
M-35
0.2
0.23
0.31
0.37
0.42
0.45
0.49
0.52
0.54
0.56
0.58
0.60
0.62

Table 3.2. Facor k

Over all depth of slab

300 or more

1.00

275
1.05

250
1.10

225
1.15

200
1.20

Table 3.3. Maximum shear stress c.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

M-15
1.6

Grade of concrete

c.max

M-20
1.8

M-25
1.9

M-30
2.2

M-35
2.3

Table 3.4. Permissible Bond stress Table bd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete M10
bd (N / mm2)
--

15
0.6

20
0.8

25
0.9

30
1

35
1.1

Table 3.5. Development Length in tension

Plain M.S. Bars
Grade of
concrete bd (N / mm2)
k d = Ld
M 15
M 20
M 25
M 30
M 35
M 40
M 45
M 50

0.6
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

58
44
39
35
32
29
27
25

bd

H.Y.S.D. Bars
(N / mm2)
0.96
1.28
1.44
1.6
1.76
1.92
2.08
2.24

S : 456-2000)

e tc N/mm2
M-40
0.2
0.23
0.32
0.38
0.42
0.46
0.49
0.52
0.55
0.57
0.60
0.62
0.63

175
1.25

150 or less
1.30

: 456-2000)
M-40
2.5

concrete (IS : 456-2000)

40
1.2

Y.S.D. Bars
k d = Ld
60
45
40
36
33
30
28
26

45
1.3

50
1.4