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MD231S SPECIFICATION

Document: MD231S Specification


Version: 01.00
Date: 2013-11-25

General Notes
CMT offers this information as a service to its customers, to support application and engineering
efforts that use CMT products. The information provided is based upon requirements specifically
provided to CMT by the customers. CMT has not undertaken any independent search for
additional relevant information, including any information that may be in the customers
possession. Furthermore, system validation of this CMT product within a larger electronic
system remains the responsibility of the customer or the customers system integrator. All
specifications supplied herein are subject to change.

Copyright
This document contains proprietary technical information which is the property of CMT Limited.,
copying of this document and giving it to others and the using or communication of the contents
thereof, are forbidden without express authority. Offenders are liable to the payment of damages.
All rights reserved in the event of grant of a patent or the registration of a utility model or design.
All specification supplied herein are subject to change without notice at any time.

Copyright CMT Limited. 2013

Contents
Contents.............................................................................................................................................................. - 3 0 Version History.............................................................................................................................................. - 5 1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................- 6 1.1 Related documents................................................................................................................................- 6 2 Product concept............................................................................................................................................... - 7 2.1 MD231S features at a glance................................................................................................................- 7 2.2 Min system............................................................................................................................................- 8 3 Hardware interface....................................................................................................................................... - 8 3.1 Module Interface...................................................................................................................................- 8 3.2 PIN description..................................................................................................................................... - 9 3.3 Operating modes.................................................................................................................................- 12 3.4 Power supply...................................................................................................................................... - 14 3.5 Power up and power down scenarios................................................................................................. - 15 3.5.1 Turn on MD231S.....................................................................................................................- 15 3.5.2 Turn off MD231S................................................................................................................... - 15 3.5.3 ResetB................................................................................................................................... - 16 3.5.4 Sleep mode...........................................................................................................................- 16 3.6 GSM UART port................................................................................................................................ - 16 3.7 Audio interface................................................................................................................................... - 17 3.8 I2C...................................................................................................................................................... - 20 3.9 GSM Antenna..................................................................................................................................... - 20 3.11 Bluetooth Antenna............................................................................................................................ - 21 3.12 SIM Interface....................................................................................................................................- 21 3.13 Keyboard interface........................................................................................................................... - 22 3.15 SD/MMC Card................................................................................................................................. - 23 3.16 RTC...................................................................................................................................................- 24 3.18 GPIOs and External Interrupt...........................................................................................................- 25 3.19 ADC.................................................................................................................................................. - 25 3.20 USB...................................................................................................................................................- 26 3.21 Charger detector............................................................................................................................... - 26 3.22 Digital Pin Electrical Characteristics............................................................................................... - 26 3.23 Ring Indication................................................................................................................................. - 26 3.24 Network Status Indication LED....................................................................................................... - 27 3.25 GPS Engine.......................................................................................................................................- 27 3.25.1 GPS performance.................................................................................................................. - 28 3.25.2 GLONASS performance....................................................................................................... - 29 3.26 GPS Antenna.....................................................................................................................................- 29 3.26.1 Antenna design with passive antenna....................................................................................- 29 3.26.2 Active antenna design............................................................................................................- 30 3.27 GPS UART....................................................................................................................................... - 31 -

3.27.1 GPS Operation Mode............................................................................................................ - 31 3.27.2 AT Commands for GPS Engine.............................................................................................- 32 4 MD231S application................................................................................................................................... - 32 4.1 AT command mode (standard GSM/GPRS module application)...................................................... - 32 4.2 TCP/IP HTTP FTP SMTP.................................................................................................................. - 33 5 Mechanics...................................................................................................................................................... - 33 5.1 Size..................................................................................................................................................... - 33 5.2 Footprint............................................................................................................................................. - 34 6 SCH of Reference Design............................................................................................................................. - 35 7 Reference design of hardware watch dog......................................................................................................- 36 8 Layout............................................................................................................................................................ - 36 8.1 GPS Part Layout................................................................................................................................. - 36 8.1.1 Placement.................................................................................................................................- 36 8.1.2 Antenna connection and ground plane design.........................................................................- 37 8.1.3 General design recommendations........................................................................................... - 38 8.2 GSM Part Layout................................................................................................................................- 39 8.2.1 The GSM Part PCB Trace Design Flow Sequence:................................................................- 39 8.2.2 The GSM Part PCB Layout check point................................................................................. - 39 -

0 Version History
Data
2013-11-25

Version
01.00

Description of change
Origin

Author
George Zhao

1 Introduction
This document describes the hardware interface of the MD231S GSM/GPRS+GPS module
which can be integrated with a wide range of applications. This document can help you quickly
understand MD231S interface specifications, electrical and mechanical details. With the help of
this document and other MD231S application notes, user guide, you can use MD231S module to
design and set-up mobile applications quickly.

1.1 Related documents


[1]

GSM 07.07: Digital cellular telecommunications (Phase 2+);


AT command set for GSM Mobile Equipment (ME)
[2] GSM 07.05: Digital cellular telecommunications (Phase 2+);
Use of Data Terminal Equipment Data Circuit terminating Equipment (DTE
DCE) interface for Short Message Service (SMS) and Cell Broadcast Service (CBS)
[3] GSM 11.14: Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+);
Specification of the SIM Application Toolkit for the Subscriber Identity
Module
Mobile Equipment (SIM ME) interface
[4] GSM 11.11: Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+);
Specification of the Subscriber Identity Module Mobile Equipment (SIM
ME) interface
[5] GSM 03.38: Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+);
Alphabets and language-specific information
[6] GSM 11.10 Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2)
Mobile Station (MS) conformance specification Part 1: Conformance
specification
[7] GSM 07.10 Digital Cellular telecommunications system
(Phase 2+); Terminal
Equipment to Mobile Station multiplexer protocol, version 7.2.0 Release 1998
[8] GSM 07.10 V7.1.0
Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+);Terminal
Equipment to Mobile Station (TE-MS)multiplexer protocol
[9] GSM 07.07 V7.5.0 AT command set for GSM Mobile Equipment
[10] CMT 11092011 OPENAT_MD231G_V3.2.0_USER_MANUAL_EN
[11] CMT 02102012 MD251PQ_AT_DOCUMENT.PDF
[12] CMT 09102006 CMT Wireless Phone feature

2 Product concept
Designed for global market, MD231S is a Dual-band GSM/GPRS engine that works on
frequencies EGSM 900 MHz/DCS 1800 MHz or GSM850/PCS1900MHz. MD231S provides
GPRS (UL)/EDGE(DL) multi-slot class 12 capability. With Build-in GPS chipset, MD231S have
ultra-low power consumption and ultra-high sensitivity for GPS applications.
The MD231S module is designed with power saving technique, the current consumption to as
low as 1-2mA in Sleep mode (depends on network condition).

2.1 MD231S features at a glance


Feature
Physical
Characteristics
Power Supply
Power Saving

Implementation
Size: 27.4 * 30.8 * 3.0 mm
Weight: 8g
Single supply Voltage 3.4V - 4.2V, typical: 3.8V
Typical power consumption in Sleep mode to 3-4mA depends
on network condition
Frequency
Dual band: EGSM900/DCS 1800
Q band: EGSM900/DCS 1800 and GSM850/PCS1900
Transmit Power
Class 4 (2W)EGSM900
Class 1 (1W)DCS1800 and PCS 1900
GPRS connectivity GPRS (UL)/EDGE (DL), multi-timeslot class 12
Temperature Range Normal operation: -40C to +85C
SMS
MT, MO, CB, Text and PDU mode
SMS storage: SIM card
Support transmission of SMS alternatively over CSD or GPRS.
User can choose preferred mode.
FAX
Group 3 Class 1
SIM interface
1.8V/3V
External Antenna
Connected via antenna pad
SIM
Application SAT Class 3, GSM 11.14 Release 97
Toolkit
Real time clock
Implemented
Firmware upgrade
Firmware upgradeable over serial interface or USB interface

2.2 Min system

3 Hardware interface
3.1 Module Interface
The 88 pins described in detail in following chapters:
Power supply
GSM Serial interface
Analog audio interfaces
USB interface
SIM interface
Keyboard interface

I2C
SPI
Charger Detect
SD/MMC Card
RTC backup battery
IOs
External Interrupt
ADC
GSM antenna
GPS antenna
GPS serial interface
Bluetooth antenna

3.2 PIN description


Table1: PIN description
Item

Name

Function

Aux

Status after Reset

Power Domain

Function
I/O
GPIO42

LCD 0 CS

PU/PD

LPCE1B

DVDD18_EMI

GND

ANT_GPS

GND

GPS_UART_TX

GPS Uart TX

GPS_VDDIO

GPS_UART_RX

GPS Uart RX

GPS_VDDIO

SPKP0

Speaker Out +

SPKN0

Speaker Out -

MIC_P0

Microphone 0 +

10

MIC_N0

Microphone 0 -

11

XMIC

Microphone 1 input

12

AU_OUT_P

Headset output +

13

AU_OUT_N

Headset output -

14

MP3_OUTL

Earphone Left

15

MP3_OUTR

Earphone Right

16

VCHG_DET

Charger detector

17

USB_DM

USB Data -

18

USB_DP

USB Data +

19

SIM_RST

SIM Reset

20

SIM_DATA

SIM Data

21

SIM_CLK

SIM Clock

22

VSIM

SIM power

23

KCOL1

Keypad COL 1

GPIO8

PD

DVDD28

24

KCOL3

Keypad COL 3

GPIO6

PD

DVDD28

GPS antenna

EDICK
25

KCOL2

Keypad COL 2

GPIO7

PD

DVDD28

26

KCOL4

Keypad COL 4

GPIO5

PD

DVDD28

EINT1
27

KCOL0

Keypad COL 0

GPIO9

PU

DVDD28

28

KROW3

Keypad ROW 3

GPIO12

PD

DVDD28

PD

DVDD28

PD

DVDD28

EDI2DAT
29

KROW4

Keypad ROW 4

GPIO11
EDI2WS
EINT3

30

KROW0

Keypad ROW 0

GPIO15
CLKO6
LSDI0

31

KROW2

Keypad ROW 2

GPIO13

PD

DVDD28

32

KROW1

Keypad ROW 1

GPIO14

PD

DVDD28

PD

DVDD28

PD

DVDD28

DI_IDA
33

SDA28

I2C Data

GPIO2
SPICS0

34

SCL28

I2C Clock

GPIO1
SPISCK0

35

RESETB_OUT

Reset Output

36

VIO28

2.8V LDO Output

37

LPCE_0B

GPIO40

LSCE0B

DVDD18_EMI

38

LPRSTB

GPIO46

LCD Reset

PD

DVDD18_EMI

39

LWR_B

GPIO37

LSCK0

PD

DVDD18_EMI

LSCK0
40

LRD_B

GPIO38

LSDA0

PD

DVDD18_EMI

41

LPA0

GPIO39

LSDI0

PD

DVDD18_EMI

42

NLD7

GPIO29

PD

DVDD18_EMI

43

NLD6

GPIO30

PD

DVDD18_EMI

44

NLD5

GPIO31

PD

DVDD18_EMI

45

NLD4

GPIO32

PD

DVDD18_EMI

46

NLD3

GPIO33

PD

DVDD18_EMI

47

NLD2

GPIO34

PD

DVDD18_EMI

48

NLD1

GPIO35

PD

DVDD18_EMI

49

NLD0

GPIO36

PD

DVDD18_EMI

50

UTXD1

UART1 TX

GPIO23

DVDD28

51

URXD1

UART1 RX

GPIO22

PU

DVDD28

52

ANT_BT

Bluetooth Antenna
CMCSK

PD

DVDD28

53

GPIO59
CMPCLK

54

CMMCLK

GPIO58

PD

DVDD28

55

CMPDN

GPIO57

DVDD28

PD

DVDD28

PD

DVDD28

PD

DVDD28

PD

DVDD28

PD

DVDD28

56

External input 7

GPIO56
SDA

CMVSYNC
57

CMRST

58

GPIO60
GPIO54

LSDI1
DAIPCM

CMDAT7
59

OUT
GPIO53

LSDA1
DAIPCM

CMDAT6
60

IN
GPIO52

LSCK5
DAIPCM

CMDAT5
61

OUT
GPIO51

LSA0DA1

PD

DVDD28

GPIO50

LRSTB

PD

DVDD28

CMDAT4
62
CMDAT3
63

DAICLK
GPIO49

SCL

PD

DVDD28

GPIO48

CMCSD1

PD

DVDD28

GPIO47

CMCSD0

PD

DVDD28

GPIO55

DAIRST

PD

DVDD28

UART2 TX

GPIO21

PD

DVDD28

PD

DVDD28

CMDAT2
64
CMDAT1
65
CMDAT0
66
CMHSYNC
67

U1CTS
UTXD2
68

SPIMISO0
UART2 RX

GPIO23
U1RTS

URXD2

SPIMISI0

69

GND

70

ANT_GSM

71

GND

72

PWR_KEY

PowerOn key

73

ADC4

ADC Input

74

GSM Antenna

GPS
TIMEPULSE1

75

TimePulse

output
GPS
supervisor

76

ANT_OFF

Off/On

ANT_OK

GPS

Antenna
power
status

supervisor
77

External input 8
EINT8

AVDD28_ABB

PWM

78

VBACKUP

RTC power input

79

VBAT

Power Supply

80

VBAT

Power Supply

81

GPIO61

SD Card Clock

GPIO25

PD

MCCLK
82

DC
SD Card IO 0

GPIO26

PD

MCDA0
83
84
85

GPIO27

PD

Output
SD

MCINS

DVDD33_MS
DC

SD Card Command
MCCM0

DVDD33_MS

Card

DVDD33_MS
DC

Check

GPIO24

Input

EINT5

External interrupt 0

GPIO0

PD

DVDD18_EMI

PD

DVDD28

EDICK
EINT0
86

PWM
SD Card IO2

GPIO4

MCDA2
87

DC
SD Card IO3

GPIO10

MCDA3
88

DVDD33_MS
DVDD33_MS
DC

SD Card IO1
MCDA1

GPIO3

DVDD33_MS
DC

Attention:
DVVDD 2.7V-2.9V
DVDD33_MSDC 3.0V-3.6V
AVDD28_ABB 2.7V-2.9V
DVDD18_EMI 1.7V-1.95V
GPS_VDDIO (3.3V)
I/O and PD/PU status after reset: It is the Pin I/O and PD/PU status after module power on
(Reset) and before the module software start.

3.3 Operating modes


The following table summarizes the various operating modes, each operating modes is referred
to in the following chapters.

Table 2Overview of operating modes

Mode
Normal
operation

Function
GSM/GPRS
Sleep

Module will automatically go into Sleep mode if there is


no air link activation and no hardware interrupt (such as
GPIO interrupt or data on serial port).
In this case, the current consumption of module will
reduce to the minim.
During sleep mode, the module can still receive paging
message.

GSM IDLE

POWER
DOWN
Alarm
mode

Module has registered to the GSM network, and the


module is ready to send and receive.
GSM TALK CSD connection is going on between two subscribers. In
this case, the power consumption depends on network
condition and settings such as DTX off/on, FR/EFR/HR,
hopping sequences.
GPRS IDLE Module is ready for GPRS data transfer, but no data is
currently sent or received. In this case, power
consumption depends on network settings and GPRS
configuration (e.g. multi-slot settings).
GPRS
There is GPRS data in transfer (PPP or TCP or UDP). In
DATA
this case, power consumption is related with network
settings (e.g. power control level), uplink / downlink
data rates and GPRS configuration (e.g. used multi-slot
settings).
The power management ASIC disconnects the power supply from the
base band part of the module, only the power supply for the RTC is
remained. Software is not active. The serial interfaces are not accessible.
RTC alert function launches this restricted operation while the module is
in POWER DOWN mode. MD231S will not be registered to GSM
network and only parts of AT commands can be available.

3.4 Power supply


The power supply must be able to provide sufficient current up to 2A.
For the VBAT input, a local bypass capacitor is recommended. A capacitor (above 100F, low
ESR) is recommended. Multi-layer ceramic chip (MLCC) capacitors can provide the best
combination of low ESR and small size but may not be cost effective. A lower cost choice may
be a 100 F tantalum capacitor (low ESR) with a small (1 F to 10F) ceramic in parallel, which
is illustrated as following figure. And the capacitors should put as closer as possible to the
MD231S VBAT pins. A voltage regulator diode should been add between the VBAT and GND,
and the BZV55C5V1 of Philips could been used. The following figure is the recommended
circuit.
VBAT Input

Table 3Power supply pins


Pin Num

Pin
Name

Function

I/O

Min
Type
V V

Max Note
V

7980

VBAT

Power

Input

3.3

4.6

3.8

Please make sure that

Supply

the input voltage will


never drops below
3.3V even in a
transmit burst during
which the current
consumption may rise
up to 2A.

2469 GND
71

Minimizing power losses


Please pay special attention to the supply power when you are designing your applications.
Please make sure that the input voltage will never drops below 3.3V even in a transmit burst
during which the current consumption may rise up to 2A. If the power voltage drops below 3.3V,
the module may be switched off. You should also take the resistance of the power supply lines
on the host board or of battery pack into account.

3.5 Power up and power down scenarios


3.5.1 Turn on MD231S
MD231S can be turned on by following two ways:
Via PWRKEY pin: You can turn on the MD231S to normal operating mode by driving the
PWRKEY to a low level voltage for 1500ms;
Via RTC interrupt: starts ALARM modes;
For some application system, we can connect the PWRKEY to GND so that the module will
be turn on as soon as the 3.8V power supply to the module. But, if PWRKEY linked to GND,
other keypad pin could not work. Here is a circuit to make the module power on automatically. If
the module power on, the GPIO which is PD will output high level, on consequence, the
PWR_KEY will be high level so that other keypad pin could work.

3.5.2 Turn off MD231S


MD231S can be truned off by following two ways:
Driving the PWRKEY to a low level for 1500ms when module working
Use AT + CKPD=P, 50 command to turn off MD231S module.

3.5.3 ResetB
RESETB (Pin35) is a output pin of MD231S module reset indication.

3.5.4 Sleep mode


AT+ESLP=1: enable GSM/GPRS Sleep mode
AT+ESLP=0: Disable GSM/GPRS Sleep mode
During GSM/GPRS Sleep mode, MD231S only cost 1-2mA current on 3.8V.
DSR Pin:

Notes:
MD231 was disabled to GSM/GPRS Sleep mode by default.
There was no response for AT command when MD231 was in GSM/GPRS Sleep mode.
MD231 could be waked up from Sleep mode by incoming call, SMS or interruption
indication on the Pin.

3.6 GSM UART port


There are 2 GSM UART port. Normally, UART1 was used for AT commands, GPRS service
and UART2 was used for outputting log.
The baud rate of the 2 UART ports can be configuration by AT command.
Baud rate:
1200, 2400, 4800, 9600,19200, 38400, 57600,115200(default)
Default setting of UART port: Band rate: 115200, Stop bits: 1, Data bits: 8
Talbe 4: MD231S UART port
Pin Num

Pin Name

Function

Pin Num

Pin Name

Function

50

UTXD1

UART1 TX

51

URXD1

UART1 RX

67

UTXD2

UART2 TX

68

URXD2

UART2 RX

Notes:
UART1_CTS/UART_RTS were multiplexed with UART2_TX/UART2_RX
TTL level
Here is the reference design for UART to RS232.

For AT commands on GSM UART port, please check MD251PQ_V01.02_EN_130608.PDF.

3.7 Audio interface


There were two audio interface on MD231S.

Table 5: Audio Interface


Audio
interface

Pin
Num

Pin Name

Function

Pin
Num

Pin Name

Function

MIC_P0

Mic 0 +

10

MIC_N0

Mic 0 -

12

AU_OUT0_P

Audio output +

13

AU_OUT0_N

Audio output -

15

MP3_OUTR

Earphone Right

14

MP3_OUTL

Earphone Left

11

XMIC

Mic 1 input

SPKN0

Speaker -

SPKP0

Speaker +

Note:
XMIC is single end to Mic, the other end of Mic should be link to GND.
SPKN0/SPKP0 was amplified by MP3_OUTR/MP3_OUTL. Combined Mic channel could
be configuration by software.
The audio should be far away from the radio part to reduce TD noise from radio.
It is suggested that you adopt following matching circuit in order to satisfy speaker effect. The
difference audio signals have to be layout according to difference signal layout rules. If you want
to adopt an amplifier circuit for audio, we commend National companys LM4890.
Reference design:

Earphone

3.8 I2C
MD231S can be I2C Master.
Table 6I2C interface
Pin Num

Pin Name

Function

33

SDA28

I2C Data

34

SCL28

I2C Clock

3.9 GSM Antenna


The RF interface has an impedance of 50. The antenna cable can be soldered to the pad. Pay
attention, the line between the MD231S antenna pin and antenna connection should be thick and
short. It is better to use filter circuit to fit 50 ohms.

Table7: RF output power


Frequency

Max

GSM850
E-GSM900
DCS1800
PCS1900

33dBm2dB
33dBm2dB
30dBm2dB
30dBm2dB

Min
5dBm5dB
5dBm5dB
0dBm5dB
0dBm5dB

Table8: Module RF receive sensitivity


Frequency
GSM850
E-GSM900
DCS1800
PCS1900

Receive sensitivity
<-106dBm
<-106dBm
<-104dBm
<-104dBm

Table9: MD231S receive/transmit frequency


Frequency
GSM850
E-GSM900

Receive
869~894MHz
925~960MHz

DCS1800

1710~1785 MHz

PCS1900

1850~1910 MHz

Transmit
824-849MHz
800-915MHz
1805~1800
MHz
1930~1990
MHz

3.11 Bluetooth Antenna


MD231S have Bluetooth function which support 3.0+EDR protocol. The sensitivity of Bluetooth
is -95dBm.
Pin Num

Pin Name

Function

52

ANT_BT

Bluetooth Antenna

3.12 SIM Interface

The SIM interface supports the functionality of the GSM Phase 1 specification and also supports
the functionality of the new GSM Phase 2+ specification for FAST 64 kbps SIM (intended for
use with a SIM application Tool-kit).
The SIM card interface circuitry of PMU meets all ETSI and IMT-2000 SIM interface
requirements. It provides level shifting needs for low voltage GSM controller to communicate
with either 1.8V or 3V SIM cards. All SIM cards contain a clock input, a reset input, and a
bi-directional data input/output. The clock and reset inputs to SIM cards are level shifted from
the supply of digital IO (Vio) of baseband chipset to the SIM supply (Vsim). The bi-directional
data bus is internal pull high with 10kohm resistor.
All pins that connect to the SIM card (Vsim, SRST, SCLK, SIO) withstand over 5kV of
human body mode ESD. In order to ensure proper ESD protection.
Table 10SIM interface Pins
Pin Num

Pin Name

Function

20

SIM_DATA

SIM Data I/O

21

SIM_CLK

SIM Clock

19

SIM_RST

SIM Reset

22

VSIM

SIM Power Supply

3.13 Keyboard interface


The keypad can be divided into two parts: one is the keypad interface including 5 columns and 5
rows with one dedicated power-key, as shown in the below Fig. the other is the key detection

block which provides key pressed, key released and de-bounce mechanisms. Each time the key is
pressed or released, i.e. something different in the 5 x 5 matrix or power-key, the key detection
block senses the change and recognizes if a key has been pressed or released. This keypad can
detect one or two key-pressed simultaneously with any combination. Since the key press
detection depends on the HIGH or LOW level of the external keypad interface, if keys are
pressed at the same time and there exists a key that is on the same column and the same row with
the other keys, the pressed key cannot be correctly decoded. For example, if there are three key
presses: key1 = (x1, y1), key2= (x2, y2), and key3 = (x1, y2), then both key3 and key4 = (x2, y1)
are detected, and therefore they cannot be distinguished correctly. Hence, the keypad can detect
only one or two keys pressed simultaneously at any combination. More than two keys pressed
simultaneously in a specific pattern retrieve the wrong information.
There should not be an external pull down resistor on KCOL0 and please use the KCOL1-4 prior
if could meet demand.
If you want 50 keypad, please use 20 ohm resistor to expanded the keypad.

3.15 SD/MMC Card


The MD231S fully supports the SD memory Card bus protocol as defined in SD Memory Card
Specification Part 1 Physical Layer Specification version 2.0 as well as the MultiMediaCard

(MMC) bus protocol as defined in MMC system specification version 4.1. Since SD Memory
Card bus protocol is backward compatible to MMC bus protocol, the MD231S is capable of
working well as the host on MMC bus under control of proper firmware. Hereafter, the MD231S
is also abbreviated as SD/MMC controller.
Table11: SD Card Interface
Pin Num

Pin Name

Function

81

MCCLK

SD Clock

82

MCDA0

SD Data 0

83

MCCM0

SD Control output

84

MCINS

SD Card Detection

86

MCDA2

SD Data 2

87

MCDA3

SD Data 3

88

MCDA1

SD Data 1

3.16 RTC
The Real Time Clock (RTC) module provides time and data information. The clock is based on a
32.768KHz oscillator with an independent power supply. When the module is powered off, a
dedicated regulator supplies the RTC block. If the main battery is not present, a backup supply
such as a small mercury cell battery or a large capacitor is used through the pin78 of VBACKUP.

3.18 GPIOs and External Interrupt


MD231S module has several IO pins which are configurable according to customers
requirement.
For external interruption, the external event may be unstable in a certain period, a de-bounce
mechanism is introduced to ensure the functionality. The circuitry is mainly used to verify that
the input signal remains stable for a programmable number of periods of the clock. When this
condition is satisfied, for the appearance or the disappearance of the input, the output of the
de-bounce logic changes to the desired state. Note that, because it uses the 32 KHz slow clock
for performing the de-bounce process, the parameter of de-bounce period and de-bounce enable
takes effect no sooner than one 32 KHz clock cycle (~31.25us) after the software program sets
them. However, the polarities of EINTs are clocked with the system clock. Any changes to them
take effect immediately.
The ENT pins can be configurable to EDGE/LEVEL according to the external signal.
Basically, we defined several GPIOs as input, output and interruption as default to match most
applications.

3.19 ADC
MD231S provides one auxiliary ADC (General purpose analog to digital converter.) as voltage
input pin, which can be used to detect the values of some external items such as voltage
temperature etc. For module application, user can use AT command AT+CADC# to read the
voltage value added on ADC pin.

The functional specifications of the auxiliary ADC are listed in the following table.
Table 12 The Functional specification of Auxiliary ADC
Symbol Parameter

Min

Resolution

FC

Clock Rate

FS

Sampling Rate @ N-Bit

Typical

Max

10
0.1

1.0833

Unit
Bit

MHz

5/(N+1)

MSPS

Input Swing

1.0

AVDD

Operating Temperature

-40

85

Current Consumption Power-up


Power-Down

300
1

A A

3.20 USB
USB 1.1 version and supported 12Mbps. It can be used as USB modem interface or firmware
upgrade interface. We recommend that customers to use this USB interface for firmware
upgrade.

3.21 Charger detector


PIN16 is Charger detector. If the Pin16 voltage is higher than VBAT, MD231S will be powered
on.

Operation Voltage

PD/PU

Min (V)

PD

4.3

Max (V)
7

3.22 Digital Pin Electrical Characteristics


For MD231S digital electrical characteristics, please check table1.
The digital IO LDO (VIO) is a regulator that could source 100mA (max) with 2.8V output
voltage. It supplies the baseband circuitry of the Module. The LDO is optimized for very low
quiescent current and will power up at the same time as the digital core LDO. Table21 show the
electrical characteristics of VIO.
Table 13 VIO electrical characteristics
VBAT = 3.4 V ~ 4.6 V, minimum loads applied on all outputs, unless other noted. Typical values are at

TA = 25 C.

Digital IO Voltage
Parameter

Conditions

Output voltage (V_IO)

Min.

Typical

Max.

2.7

2.8

2.9

Output current (Iio_max)

60

Unit
V
mA

Line regulation

mV

Load regulation

30

mV

3.23 Ring Indication


Pin*** (GPIO**) is used for Ring indication when network event. The working state of this pin
is listed in following table:

Table 14: The Behaviors of the RING line


State

RI respond

Standby

High

Voice calling

Change low, then:


Change to high when establish calling.
Sender hang up, change to high.
When receive SMS, The ring will change to
LOW and hold LOW level at least 200 ms,
then change to HIGH.

SMS

3.24 Network Status Indication LED


Pin*** (GPIO**) is used to drive a network status indication LED lamp. The working state of this

pin is listed in following table:


Table 15: Working state of network status indication LED pin
State

Module function

Off

Module is not running

64ms On/800ms Off

Module does not find the network

64ms On/3000ms Off

Module find the network

64ms On/300ms Off

GPRS communication

3.25 GPS Engine


With the exceptional performance of the chipset multi-GNSS (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, QZSS
and SBAS) engine, the MD231S delivers high sensitivity and minimal acquisition times. The
MD231S provides maximum sensitivity while maintaining low system power. Sophisticated
RF-architecture and interference suppression ensure maximum performance even in GPS-hostile
environments.

3.25.1 GPS performance

All satellites at -130 dBm


2

Dependent on aiding data connection speed and latency

Demonstrated with a good external LNA

CEP, 50%, 24 hours static, -130 dBm, > 6 SVs

50% @ 30 m/s

Assuming Airborne < 4 g platform

3.25.2 GLONASS performance

All satellites at -130 dBm

Demonstrated with a good external LNA

CEP, 50%, 24 hours static, -130 dBm, > 6 SVs

10

50% @ 30 m/s

11

Assuming Airborne < 4 g platform

3.26 GPS Antenna


MD231S GPS engine are designed for use with passive and active antennas.
Parameter

Specification

Antenna Type
Active

Passive and active antenna


Antenna

Recommendations

Minimum gain

15dB (to compensate signal loss in RF cable)

Maximum gain

50dB

Maximum noise figure

1.5dB

3.26.1 Antenna design with passive antenna


A design using a passive antenna requires more attention to the layout of the RF section.

Typically, a passive antenna is located near electronic components; therefore, care should be
taken to reduce electrical noise that may interfere with the antenna performance. Passive
antennas do not require a DC bias voltage and can be directly connected to the RF input pin
RF_IN. Sometimes, they may also need a passive matching network to match the impedance to
50.

Minimal setup with a good patch antenna

Setup for best performance with passive antenna

3.26.2 Active antenna design


Active antennas have an integrated low-noise amplifier. Active antennas require a power supply
that will contribute to the total GPS system power consumption budget with additional 5 to 20
mA typically.

Active antenna design powered from external supply

3.27 GPS UART


MD231S modules include one GPS UART interface (Pin5, Pin6), which can be used for
communication to a host. It supports configurable baud rates. The default 9600kbps. The baud
rates supported are specified in the u-blox 7 Receiver Description Including Protocol
Specification
The signal output and input levels are 0 V to 3.3V. An interface based on RS232 standard levels
(+/- 12 V) can be implemented using level shifters such as Maxim MAX3232. Hardware
handshake signals and synchronous operation are not supported.

3.27.1 GPS Operation Mode


Continuous Mode
Continuous Mode uses the acquisition engine at full performance resulting in the shortest
possible TTFF and the highest sensitivity. It searches for all possible satellites until the almanac
is completely downloaded. The receiver then switches to the tracking engine to lower power
consumption.
Thus, a lower tracking current consumption level will be achieved when:
A valid GPS/GNSS position is obtained
The entire almanac has been downloaded
The ephemeris for each satellite in view is valid
During a cold start, a receiver in Continuous Mode continuously deploys the acquisition engine
to search for all satellites. Once the receiver can calculate a position and track a sufficient
number of satellites, the acquisition engine powers off, resulting in significant power savings.
The tracking engine continuously tracks acquired satellites and acquires other available or
emerging satellites. Whenever the receiver can no longer calculate a position or the number of
satellites tracked is below the sufficient number, the acquisition engine powers on again to
guarantee a quick reacquisition. Even if the acquisition engine powers off, the tracking
engine continues to acquire satellites.

For best performance, use continuous mode.


Power Save Mode
We recommended use warm start to save power. Use AT+GPSPWR=0 (From
GSM_UART1)to cut off the power supply of GPS engine. As soon as GPS engine power on
again (use AT+GPSPWR=1), MD231S would find the GPS signal within 1-3 seconds.
GPS and GLONASS mode
Two ways:
1, From GSM_UART1, use AT+GPSGNASS=1 to set GPS mode; use AT+GPSNASS=0 to
set GLONASS mode.
2, From GPS UART, for more information, please check the u-blox 7 Receiver Description
including Protocol Specification.

3.27.2 AT Commands for GPS Engine


The AT commands for GPS engine is sent to GSM UART to control the performance of GPS
engine.
AT+GPSPWR=1Open GPS/GLONASS
AT+GPSPWR=0Close GPS/GLONASS
AT+GPSGNASS=1 Set GPS mode
AT+GPSGNASS=0 Set GLONASS mode
Pay attention:
After send AT+GPSGNASS=1/0, the GPS/GLONASS info do not send out from GSM_UART
until sending AT+GPSNOQRY?
AT+GPSNOQRY?
AT+GPSNOMS=1
AT+GPSNOMS=0

Set GPS/GLONASS info sending out from GSM_UART


only one GPS/GLONASS info will be sent out from GSM_UART only
The GPS/GLONASS info will be sent out from GSM_UART continually

GPS/GLONASS info will be sent out from GPS_UART continually as long as the GPS part start.

4 MD231S application
4.1 AT command mode (standard GSM/GPRS module
application)
MD231S module communicated with external MCU via GSM_UART interface using AT
commands.
External MCU can get GPS/GLONASS info from GSM_UART or GPS_UART.
Please check MD251PQ_AT_DOCUMENT.PDF for AT Commands on MD231S.
GSM_UART configuration:
Baud rate: 115200 (default)

Data bits: 8
Stop bit:1
Flow control: No

4.2 TCP/IP HTTP FTP SMTP


Please check the MD251PQ_AT_DOCUMENT.PDF.

5 Mechanics
5.1 Size

5.2 Footprint

6 SCH of Reference Design

7 Reference design of hardware watch dog

8 Layout and Check List


8.1 GPS Part Layout
8.1.1 Placement
A very important factor in achieving maximum performance is the placement of the receiver on
the PCB. The connection to the antenna must be as short as possible to avoid jamming into the
very sensitive RF section.
Make sure that the RF critical circuits are separated from any other digital circuits on the system
board. To achieve this, position the modules digital part towards the digital section on the
system PCB. Exercise care if placing the receiver in proximity to heat emitting circuitry. The RF
part of the receiver is very sensitive to temperature and sudden changes can have an adverse
impact on performance.
The RF part of the receiver is a temperature sensitive component. Avoid high temperature drift and air
vents near the receiver.

8.1.2 Antenna connection and ground plane design


MD231S modules can be connected to passive or active antennas. The RF connection is on the
PCB and connects the RF_IN pin with the antenna feed point or the signal pin of the connector,
respectively. Following figure illustrates connection to a typical five-pin RF connector.
Depending on the actual size of the ground area, if possible place additional vias in the outer
region. In particular, terminate the edges of the ground area with a dense line of vias.

An isolated ground area exists around and below the RF connection. This part of the circuit
MUST be kept as far from potential noise sources as possible. Make certain that no signal lines
cross, and that no signal trace vias appear at the PCB surface within the area of the red rectangle.
The ground plane should also be free of digital supply return currents in this area. On a multi
layer board, the whole layer stack below the RF connection should be kept free of digital lines.
This is because even solid ground planes provide only limited isolation.
The impedance of the antenna connection must match the 50 impedance of the receiver. To
achieve an impedance of 50 , the width W of the micro strip has to be chosen depending on the
dielectric thickness H, the dielectric constant r of the dielectric material of the PCB and on
the build-up of the PCB. Following figure shows two different builds: A 2 Layer PCB and a 4
Layer PCB. The reference ground plane is in both designs on layer 2 (red). Therefore, the
effective thickness of the dielectric is different.

8.1.3 General design recommendations

The length of the micro strip line should be kept as short as possible. Lengths over 2.5 cm (1
inch) should be avoided on standard PCB material and without additional shielding.

For multi layer boards the distance between micro strip line and ground area on the top layer
should at least be as large as the dielectric thickness.

Routing the RF connection close to digital sections of the design should be avoided.

To reduce signal reflections, sharp angles in the routing of the micro strip line should be avoided.
Chamfers or fillets are preferred for rectangular routing; 45-degree routing is preferred over
Manhattan style 90-degree routing.

Do not route the RF-connection underneath the receiver. The distance of the micro strip line

to the ground plane on the bottom side of the receiver is very small (some 100 m) and has
huge tolerances (up to 100%). Therefore, the impedance of this part of the trace cannot be
controlled.

Use as many vias as possible to connect the ground planes.

8.2 GSM Part Layout


8.2.1 The GSM Part PCB Trace Design Flow Sequence:
1. Place all the ground vias on the component relevant pads
2. Route the VBAT trace to Module
3. Route the VIO net
4. Route the RF striplines and micro-striplines
5. Route the audio traces
6. Route the digital traces

8.2.2 The GSM Part PCB Layout check point


Power Supply
1.
2.
3.
4.

All power supply filters should be put near the relevant components. And the order is the
smallest capacitance is the nearest.
The power supply traces, such as VBAT, Vcharge, should be wide and short. The
Capacitors for Vbat_RF should be placed near Power Pin.
The voltage of V_BAT is often changing from time to time. So it is better to keep other
power supply lines far away from V_BAT, such as V_IO, V_SIM
The width of VBAT should not be less then 80mil.

Antenna(GSM&GPS)
1. The line of Antenna should be short to make the insert loss lower and routed as RF line
strictly to keep 50ohm matching.
2. Its better to put the antenna pad on the edge of the PCB.

Audio
1.

EAR+ and EAR-, MIC+ and MIC-, LINE_I+ and LINE_I-, LINE_O+ and LINE_O-

should be parallel and symmetry, respectively.

2.

High speed lines should not go below these audio lines.

SIM
1. SIM test is very sensitive. While PCB layout, the SIM trace, such as V_SIM,
SIM_DATA, SIM_RST, SIM_CLK should be kept clean. And reserve a R-C filter
location at the side of SIM socket for above lines respectively.
2. Its better to put the SIM socket near the Module.

USB
1.
2.

USB D+ and USBD- should be parallel and symmetry, respectively and should been
strictly to keep 90ohm matching.
USB line should be protected below and both side by GND.

Camera
1.
2.

CMMCLK and CMPCLK should be protect by GND


Camera signals route together is better.

Memory Card
1. MCCLK signal line should protect by GND
2. Memory card signals are better to route toghter.
LCM
1. LWR_B should be protected by GND
2. Its better to route LCM signals together and protected by GND.

ESD Protect
1.
2.

ESD component should be put close to the related connector / jack.


Some pins of Module also should have ESD components, especially the pin of SIM card,
TF-Card and USB.

Ground

1. The more GND Via, the better! Make sure enough GND Via to the Ground.
2. If possible, the ground layer should not be divided. Keep at least one ground layer
completed.
3. Distinguish the digital GND pin and analog GND pin for IA chip and make different
GND plane for them respectively.

Others

The Keypad lines should not been routed up the antenna, especially the key_return lines.
Components of Microphone input circuit should be put as symmetry as possible.
The RF traces should be carefully calculated.
CLK_OUT signal line should protect by GND.

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