EXCEL ESSAY ‘GY MODULE Attps://wickedbiology.wordpress.comFORM 5: CHAPTER 1 SBP 2014 fy 6 (a) Diagram 6.1 shows two types of mechanisms used by antibodies to destroy antigen. Rajah 6.1 memwyulkan dua jenis mekanisme yang digunakan oleh antibodi wntuk ‘memusnahkan antigen. ° + Views Fares Ll Hactertam, Balceria Type B : Jens B Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1 Suggest how the mechanisms Type A and Type B are able to destroy antigens Cadangkan bagaimana mekanisme antibodi Jenis A dan Jenis B boleh memusnahkan camtigen, [6 marks} tt [6 markah] “Tupi iickedbiologr won preten e. FORM 5: CHAPTER 1 BP 2014 (b) Diagram 6.2 shows the concentration of antibody in the blood of a person who acquired two different types of immunity. Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan kepekatan antibodi dalam darah seseorang yang memperoleh dua Jenis keimunan, ‘Concentration of antibody Kepekatan antibod 45 7 Time (weeks) 4 ‘Mase (ingen) een sad ica ‘Saath pron Sean kode Situetion X Situation Y Sieuast X Li Situasi Y Diagram 6.2 Rajah 62 How the immunity achieved in situation X and situation Y are different? Bagaimankah keimunan yang diperoleki dalam situasi X dan situasi Yadalah berbeza? [8 marks] [8 markah} (©) Milk is the primary source of nutrition for newborn babies before they are able to eat and digest other food. Suggest how to promote mothers to feed their newborns with mother’s milk. ‘What advice can be given to them? ‘Susu merupakan sumber asas mutrisi bagi bayt baru lahir sebelum mereka dapat makan dan mencernakan makanan yang lain, 4 Cadangkan bagaimana untuk menggalakkan ibu menyusukan basi baru lahir dengan susu ‘bu. Apakah nasihat yang boleh diberikan kepada mereka? (6 marks] [6 markah] ‘https://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 2FORM 5: CHAPTER 1 & SBP 2014 No: Criteria ‘Marks (a) | Able fo explain the mechanisms used by Mijtibody to destroy antigens. 6 Sample awn: 1 Aggtutination B Antibody binds/oin with the antigen P3_ (Antibody causes) the pathogens to clump together P4 (the clumping) makes it easier for the pathogens to capture/destroy pathogens. PS Neutralisation 6 antibody neutralizes the toxins produced by bacteria P7_ by binding to a toxin molecules P8 this prevent foxin molecule from attaghjng to a cell/causes damage (Any 6) (©) | Able fo explain the differences between the immunity achieve in situation X 8 ‘and situation Y. ‘Semple answers: 8 x ¥ PI | (Artificial acquired) active | (Artificial acquired) passive ‘munity inmamity. ‘ P2_ | Body produces own satibody "Body receive antibody from) outside sources P3_|(Obiained through) an injection | (Obtained through) an injection || with a vaccine swith a serum, P4_| Dead or weakened pathogen | Suspension of certain antibodies || PS [Does not result in immediate [Result immediate immunity || imomnity against @ disease against a disease P6 [Antibodies need to bal Antibodies do need to be|| synthesized by the body synthesized by the body P7 |The induced immmmity last | The immunity lasts only fore || fonger/Mast long protection short temu/temporary protection PS |The antibody is naturally | The antibody is not produced by produced by the body pyle body 1 P9 | Vaccination is given before a| An injection of antiserum is person is infected with the | given when a person is infected |] disease | with the disease//has a high risk of getting the disesse. PIO |Need time to synthesized | Antibody is obtained directly || antibody ‘from the source PIT | second injection ( booster) is | second injection is given when necessary to increase the | the person still infected (and his |] antibody production (to a level | antibodies has dropped. below thet protects the person against | immunity level) the disease) tl P12 | Memory cell present ‘No memory cells 1 PLS | Protection fiom diseases Tike Treatment of rabies/ botulism’ chicken pox! measles/ rubella’ | tetanus ‘snake bites. 1 polio! hepatitis B/ diphtheriar tuberculosis. Ps (Any 8) ‘ttps://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 3FORM 5: CHAPTER 1 i SBP 2014 (©) | Able to explain why mothers are advised to feed their babies with mother's 6 sil, by Sample answers: : PI mother’s milk contain colostrum P2 which contains (large mumber of ) sageos P3 which protect newborns against dses P4 naturally acquired immunity PS passive immunity 6 higher in protein (than ordinary milk) and P7 easy to digest 8 ower in lipid (which is hard to digest) P9 Colostrum contains high concentration of leucocytes PIO protect the body from bacteria/ pathogens. (Any ©) TOTAL 20 wy 8For xamaner's Use FORM 5: CHAPTER 1 8 PAHANG 2014 (SET 1) ang Kenmaan Diagrams 8.1 shows the blood circulatory system in organism P and organism Q. Penerie Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan sistem peredaran darah dalam organism P dan organism Q. Capillaries / Kapitari Capillaries / Kapilari Capillaries / Kapilari Organism P Organisma P a Based on Diagram 8.1 Berdasarkan Rajah 8.1 : i. Give one example of organism P and organism Q Beri satu contoh organisma P danygrganism Q. ji, Describe the similarities and differences between the blood circulatory system in organism P and organism Q. Huraikan persamaan dan perbezaan antara sistem peredaran darah dalam organism P dan organism Q. (8 marks] [8 markah]FORM 5: CHAPTER 1 “ PAHANG 2014 (SET1) inna iain’ Kegunaaes Pemarses b. Diagram 8.2 shows a cardiovascular centre in the brain. Diagram 8.3 shows the heart with the location of aortic bodies and carotid bodies. Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan pusat Rardiovaskular di dalam otak. Rajah 8.3 menunjukkan jantung bersama lokasi jasad aortid dan jasad karotid . a Carotid body Jasad karotid Aortic bodies ‘Jasad aortid Based on Diagrams 8.2 and Diagram 8.3 , explain the regulatory of blood pressure inthe body. Berdasarkan Rajah 8.2 dan Diagram 8.3, terangkan mekanisme kawalatur tekanan darah di dalam badan.sor? Exaaner's te FORM 5: CHAPTER 1 PAHANG 2014 (SET 4) ini ° eG Kegunaan [6 markah] | Penerise Diagram 8.4 shows a person with his pacemaker that does not function, An electronic pacemaker is used to replace the original pacemaker. Rajah 8.4 menunjukkan individu yang didapati mempunyai perentak yang tidak berfingsi, Perentak elekironik telah digunakan untuk menggantikan perentak Jantung yang asal. Electronie pacemaker Perentak jantung elektronik y Diagragy 8.4 Rajah 8.4 Explain how the electronic pacemaker functions. Terangkan bagaimana perentak elekironik itu berfungst. {6 marks] [6 markah]FORM 5: CHAPTER 1 ky PAHANG 2014 (SET 1) (@) | Boleh menyatakan satu contoh organism P dan Q @ | Contoh jawapan a Contoh jawapan S:Persamaan , D: Perbezaan Darah mengalir dalam salur darah #9 Kedua-dua mempunyai jantung yang mengepam darah ke sel badan Boleh menghuraikan persamann dan perbezaan di antara sistem peredaran ¢arah dalam organism P dan organism Q . + Kedua-dua mempunyai sistem peredaran tertutup : Kedua-dua mempunyai injap dalam vena 6: Pengaliran darah mengalir satu arah sahaja [Minimum 2] Perbezaan P Q Di | Peredaran gandadua //Darah | Peredaran tinggal 7 Darah ‘engalt melalui jantung dua kali | mengalr melalui jantung satu kali : D2 |Jantung mempunyai 2 atrium dan_| Jantang mempunyal 1 avium dan 2 ventrikel // Mempunyai 4 1 ventrikel / Mempunyai 2 bahagisn jantung Dahagian jantung ; D3_ | Darah terdeoksigen mengalir dat? | Darah terdeoksigen mengalir dat Jjantung ke pepan Jantung ke insang 1 D4 "| Darah beroksigen dipam daripada | Darah beroisigen dipam daripada Jantung Ke sel badan ‘nsang, ke sel badan 1 DS" | Darah beroksigen mempunyai ~ | Darah beroksigen mempunyal tekanan yang lebih tinggi tekanan yang lebih rendah 1 ‘Dé | Pertukaran gas berlaka df pepara7 | Pevtaaran gas berlaka i Tnsang] |__| eons filamen /lamela 1 [TMaksimum 4]FORM 5: CHAPTER 1 PAHANG 2014 (SET 4) (®) | Boleh menerangkan mekanisme kawalatur tekanan darah di dalam badan. Conteh tawapan PI: Tekanan darah yang tinggi dikesan oleh baroreseptor 1 ‘2: yang terletak di arteri Koratid// aorta 1 3 : Baroreseptor menghantar impuls ke pusat kardiovaskular di mednila 1 oblongata 4 : Pusat kardiovaskular menghantar impuls ke jantung PS: menyebebkan pengecutan otot kerdiak berkurangan P6 : Otot licin di arteri mengendur // vasodilasi/pemvasodilatan P7 : mengurangkan rintangan pengaliran dit 8: Tekanan datah akan berkurang kembali kepada normal [mana-mana 6 P} (c) | Boloh menerangkan bagaimana perentak jantung berfungsl PL: Nodus sinoatrium / Nodus SA / SAN mencetuskan impuls sara 1 'P2: Impuls tersebar dengan cepat ke seluruh dinding kedua-dua atrium dan 1 smerangsang atrium mengecct 3: menolak dara dar ium ke dala ventikel 1 4: limpuls sampai ke nodusatrfovenrkel /nodus AV / AVN 1 PS: lmpulstersebarke Kedng-dua dinding ventrkel mela gentan His dan | 1 sgentian Purkinje 6 : Pengecutan ventvkel Kanan akan mengepam dara ke pepara 1 PT: Pengecutan ventrike ir akan mengepam dara Ke sefuruh badan 1] 6 bd [ mana-mana 6 P J rT Q &FORM 5: CHAPTER 1 PULAU PINANG 2012 (a) @ Gi) ) © @ Gi) Diagram 8 shows the formation of interstitial fluid. Rajah 8 menunjukkan pembentukan cecair intersts. Diagram 8 / Rajah & Explain how interstitial fluid is formed. Terangkan pembentukan cecair interstis [5 marks} /[5 markah) ‘What happens if the excess interstitial fluid does not flow into the lymph vessels? Apakih akan terjadijika cecair interstis yang berlebihan tidak mengalir ke dalam salur-salur imfa? a [2 marks] / [2 markah] Explain the three functions of the lymphatic system. Te Ee i sistem Timfa. ‘erangkan tiga fungsi sistem limfa. {smarts} / 6 marta ‘The rate of Human Imunodefic all over the world, ‘Kadar jangkitan Virus kurang daya tahan (HIV) terus meningkat dengan cepat di sseluruh chunia ° iciency (HIV) infection continues to increase rapidly Explain how the HIV affects and cripples the body's immune system Bincangkan baguimana virus HIY menipengaruhi dan melumpubkan sistem ketmuman badan, ‘Suggest ways to prevent the spread of HIV. Cadangkan care-cara untuk mengelakkan jangkitan HIV. a [7 marks] /[7 markah} 8 Page 10Marling Scheme 77S w @) Able to explain how interstitial fuld is formed PL i Blood flows from the ateries ita the capillaries with a smaller ameter oe Darah mengalir dart arteri ke kapilart yang mempunyal, diameter yang lebth kecll 2 : results in’ higher hydrostatic pressure et the arterial end of the capillaries, in! menghasilkan tekanan hidrostatik yang lebih besar di hujunng arteri kapilari itu. 3 : The higher pressure forces some blood plasma through the ‘capillary wall into the spaces between the cells. Tekanan yang lebih tinggi ebahagian dlaripada Plasma darah melatul dinding dan menuras ke dalam ruang-ruang antara sel-sel. P4: The fluid is known as interstitial fluid or tissue fluid. Cecair ini lalah cecair interstis atau cecatr tisu. PS: Interstitial fluid does not contain plasma protein, erythrocytes and platelets Cecair interstis tidak mengandungi protein plasma, eritrosit dan pet Able to explain what happens if the excess interstitial fluid does not flow into the lymph vessels PL: The excess interstitial fluid will accumulate among the cells Cecair interstis akan terkumpul di antara sel-sel 2: Causes swelling of the affected body tissues Menyebabkan pembengkakan tru Badan yang terlibat 3: Osdema occurs. Menyebabkan oedema, 5 (any 2) /(mana-rnana 2P} Able to explain the 3 functions of the lymphatic system PL : The lymphatic system returns the excess interstitial fluid back into the blood circulatory system, ‘Stsiem linfa memulangkan cecair interstis yang berlebihan ke dalam sistem peredaran darah. EL : Excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid in the space between calls result in oedema Pengumpulan cecair interstis berlebihan antara ruang sel smenyebabkem oedema P2: The lacteals absorbs lipids(fats) and fat soluble vitamins A,D,E and K, Lacteals menyerap lipid(lemak) dan vitamin yang boleh larut dalara lemak seperti Vitamin 4,D3Bdan K. 1E2 : These are transported by lymphatic vessel to the blood circulatory system, Bahan-bahan int diangkat ofeh sabur linfa ke sistem peredaran darah, 2X1012 moO) "| 3 :Taimph nodes produce and sor lymphocytes + Noduslinfa menghasil dan menyinpin infos sete Plate how EUV ae ind eripps the body's immune system, : PL HIV infects helper T cells (T-lymphocytes) AAV menjanghitse-sel penolong T(T-linfosi) P2: Decrease in the number of helper Tcells” Bilangan set-sel penolong T akan menurun P3: The Body becomes weak and defencelessagsins! pathogens Badan menjadi temah dan tidak boleh menahan penyerangan 11: Teflon dion be meg icteey Plmenia Repos secon, sat mat dari jangkitan.fangtan yang seteusnya {Jerghivon sekunder) seperit Pneumonia din Serb, Kaposi, Able to suggest ways fo prevent the spread of HIV PS: Refraiting from promiscuous behaviour end use of condom seks diluar nikah dan mengeunakan kondom. 6: strict screening of doneted blood Penyaringan darah yang diderma dengan lebih ketat, PT: us of see nedtes and syringes cae lari suntan yang serl dan picagari yong serit PA: carry out awarenes campaigns to make the prbic aware ofthe dangers of HIV and how it spreads 4esedaran supaya orang-orang ‘vam ‘alu akan bahaya HIV dan bagaimana la merchok (tty 3P) /(mana-mana 3P) 20 * Page 12 a https://wickedbiology, wordpress.comFORM 5: CHAPTER 1 SBP 2013 ' 7 Diagram 7.1 shows a type of a plant tissue, Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan sejenis tisu tumbuhan, UBB Diagram 7.1 Rajah 7.1 (@) Based on Diagram 7.1, explain how the tissue is adapted for its function. Berdasarkan Rajah 7.1, terangkan bagaimana tisu tersebut diadaptasi wtuk -menjalankan fungsinya. (4 marks] [4 mara # oo ——— Atps://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 13FORM 5: CHAPTER 1 SBP 2013 (6) Diagram 7.2 shows the movement of water from the root hair to the xylem. Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan ergerakon ait dari aka rambut he silem. Based on Diagram 7.2, explain the movement of water through the roots. Berdasarkan Rajah 7.2 terangkan pergerakan air dalam akar. [6 marks} [6 markak]FORM 5: CHAPTER 1 SBP 2013 (©) Diagram 7. 3. shows the relationship between transpiration rate with the opening and closing of stomata throughout the day Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan hubungan antara kadar transpirasi dengan pembukaan dan penutupan stoma sepanjang hari. " Based on Diagram 7.3, explain the changes of the transpiration rate from 0000 hour to 2400 hour Berdasarkan Rajah 7.3 terangkan perubahan kadar transpivasi dart jam 0000 ‘hingga jam 2400. és [10 marks] [10 markah} OO ‘itps:/wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 15 #1u FORM 5: CHAPTER 1 : SBP 2013 Question 7 No Mark Scheme ‘Sub | Total total 7a) | Able to explain the adaptation of xylem fo ifs functions | Max 4 ‘Sample answer: u FI : Xylem vessels are elongated cells arranged end toend | 1 PI : to allows water to flow in continuous column. 1 F2; (end) walls (of the vessels) have (broken down in the) | 1 pits P2 : to allows water to pass/diffuse/move from cell to cell. 1 F3: The side walls of the xylem vessels are perforated by 1 pits, P6 : toallows water to pass/move sideways/lateral movement | 1 4; The lignified walls 1 4: prevent the xylem vessels from collapsing // for 1 mechanical support 5: The lumen of xylem vessels is narrow 1 5 : increases the capillarity forces / actin 1 4 Any 2F with P ©) | Able to explain the movement of water through the roots | Max 8 Sample answer : F : involve Root pressure 1 PI : The root hairs provide a large surface area (for absorption | 1 of water.) P2: The root hair cells are hypertonic to the surrounding soil 1 water 3; water diffuse into the root hair cell 1 P4: by osmosis, 1 5: The root hair cells become hypotonic to the cells in the 1 cortex. P6 : (In the cortex) water diffuses (into the parenchyma cells) | 1 P7: into endodermis. 1 1 1 PB: By osmosis, 9 : Casparian strips (lining the side of the cell wall of Endodermal) is impermeable to water. P10 : Water movement through the cell wall is blocked. 1 P11 : Water diffuses through the cytoplasm / vacuole of 1 6 7pm eee Page 16FORM 5S: CHAPTER 1 Ls SBP 2013 endodermal cells (to the xylem vessels) / any explanation Any six P4 and P8 give mark once © ‘Able to explain why the rate of transpiration differ from the time 0000 to time 2400, Sample answer ; From 0000 to 0600 FI: Rate of transpiration is low. PI : Stomata close due to low light intepgity. 2: Less water is lost From 0600 to 1800 F2 : Rate of transpiration increases. 3 : Light intensity is high, guard cells carry out photosynthesis, P4; The sugar content in the guard cells increase causing its ‘osmotic pressure to increase // guard cells is hypertonic to epidermal cells // Potassium ion diffuse into guard cell PS: Water diffuse into the guard cells P56 : by osmosis P7: and the guard cells become turgid P8 : The guard cells curve duc to the inner cell wall being thicker than the outer cell wall // any explanation P9 : causing the stoma to open. P10 : More water lost to surrounding 9 From 1800 to 2400 F3 : Rate of transpiration decreases. P11: Light intensity is low, photosynthesis is low / does not occur. P12: Osmotic pressure in guard cells decrease // guard cells is hypotonic to epidermal cell P13 : Water diffuse out of cells P14: by osmosis PIS : The guard cell lose water / become flaccid causing the stoma to close. Any 10 P6.and P14: give mark once 10 10 TOTAL us Attps:/fwickedbiology.wordpress,com Pag? 17FORM 5: CHAPTER 2 PERAK 2012 7 (@)_ Diagram 7.1 (a) shows the structure of a fish, Diagram 7.1 (©) is the cross section of the fish showing the myotomes. Rajah 7-1(a) menunjutkan struktur seckor ikan. Rajah 7.2 (6) adalah keratan rentas kan tersebut yang menunjukkan miotom. Diagram 7.1 (a), Rajah 7 (oh? Based on Diagram 7.1 (a) and 7.1(b), explain how these structures help the fish to move. (6 marks} Berdasarkan Rajah 7.1 (a) dan 7.1 (b), terangkan bagaimana struktur-struktur ini dapat membantu ikan bergerak. {6 markah) 4 1 ‘Atips://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 18FORM 5: CHAPTER 2 a PERAK 2012 Ta PI Has flexible endoskeieton 2 Has W shaped muscle block ic syyotomes P3 Contract and relax: y //one side contracts, another side relaxes P4 Make the tail/ caudal fin to move side by side alternatively PS To push the fish forward // control the fish direction P6 Has sleek and streamlined body shape P7 Overlapping scale facing backward P8 To reduce water resistance P9 Yawing is prevented by having dorsal and ventral fin P10 Pitching is prevented by having pelvic and pectoral fin PI Rolling is prevented by having dorsal and ventral fin hitps://wickedbiology wordpress.com a Page 19FORM 5: CHAPTER 2 TERENGGANU 2013 7(@) Movement of the forelimb in human is brought about by a pair of ‘antagonistic muscle. Explain the movement of the forelimb by using Diagram 7.1. Pergerakan anggota hadapan manusia diseBabkan oleh sepasang otot antagonistik. Terangkan pergerakan anggota hadapan dengan menggunakan Rajah 7.1. Diagram 7.1 / Rah 7.1 [4 marks] (b) Explain how the structure inthe earthworm involve in their movement as shown in Diagram 7.2, Terangkan bagaimana struktur dalam cacing tanoh terlibat dalam pergerakannya seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 7.2 [6 marks} Page 203] FORM 5: CHAPTER 2 TERENGGANU 2013 7 (©)(@ State the problems that could be faced by fish and the bird in support and locomotion Nyatakan masalah yang dihadapi oleh ikan dan burung dalam sokongan dan pergerakan [2 marks} Gi) _ Explain the similarities and differences between the fish and the bird's on the structural adaptation for support system and Iecomotion. Terangkan persamaan dan perbezaan di antara ikan dan burung tentang Penyesuaian struktur untuk sister sokongan dan pergerakan a [8 marks] a Attps///mickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 21FORM 5: CHAPTER 2 TERENGGANU 2013 No Wark Scheme Sub | Total Mark | Merk Tle) | Able to explain the movement ofthe forelim® in fuaman Suggested answer = forelimbyarm being bent 1 El:wvhen the biceps muscle contrat, the triceps muscle relaxes 1 F2: Forelimb/arm being straight 1 ‘when the triceps muscle contract, the biceps muscle relaxes {is TY | Able to explain how the structure in the earthworm involve in thelr mowerieht as shown in the diagram. Suggested answer FI: hydrostatic skeleton 1 El: fluid in the body cavity helps the earthworm to move 1 2: muscle a the body wall are longitudinal and circular muscle / antagonistic muscle E2; contraction of circular muscles cause segment to extend while the 1 longitudinal muscles relax 3: contraction of longitudinal muscles cause segment to shorten wiile the 1 cirealar muscles relax FS: chaetae 1 Edisecure the shorted segment in the posterior to the ground while the anterior | 1 | 6 segments extended owing to contractions of the circular muscles Maxinnum 6 T@)_| Able to state the problems that coul be faced by fish amd the Bir Support ‘and locomotion Answer: Fish ~ Water resistance 1 Bird — Air resistance rf 2 i Able to explain the similarities and diferences Between the fsh and the bird's on the structural adapiation for support sysienfind locomotion. Suggested answer SI: both fish and bird has antagonistic muscle 1 BI: able the organism move in the habitat, 1 2: both fish and bird has endoskeleton 1 2: able to give support to organism 1 I: fish has streamlined shapes/ skin covered with skin but the shape of bird | 1 body covered with furs 3: to overcomes the problem of water resistant in fish and air resistant in bird | 1 2: fish has myotome arranged in segments on both side of left and right side | 1 of the body but the bird has pectoralis major and minor at their limb 4: for fish to swim and bird to fly (in their habitat) DS: fish has unstable problem in water while swimming / Yawing/ Pitching/ | 1 Rolling but bird has unstable problem while flying/ lifting force 5: instability of fish i overcome by fin but instability of bird is overcome by | 1 the shape of an aerofoil wings maximum to: “ TOTAL] 20,FORM 5: CHAPTER 2 NEGERI SEMBILAN 2013 7 (a) Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan struktur bahagian tangan manusia, Diagram 7.1 shows the structure of a human arm Rajah 7.1 Diagram 7.1 Berdasarkan rajah 7.1, terangkan peranan S dan T dalam pergerakan lengan. Based on diagram 7.1, explain the role of S and T in movement of the arm. 4 {6 markah) [6 marks} Page 23,FORM 5: CHAPTER 2 NEGERI SEMBILAN 2013 “ULIT 4 a () Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan dua jenis vertebra dalam tulang belakang manusia. Diagram 7.2 shows two types of vertebrae in Inman backbone. Vertebra P Vertebra Q Vertebrae P 4 Vertebrae Q Rajah 7.2 / Diagram 7.2 ‘Nyatakan perbezaan struktur bagi vertebra P dan vertebra Q. ‘State differences in structure between the vertebra P and vertebra Q. [4 markah] [4 marks] © Seorang lelaki mengalami bengkak buku lali dan berasa sakit ketika bergerak setelah mengamalkan pengambilan diet yang tinggi kandungan protein dan tidak mengamalkan gaya hidup sibat. + A man has swollen ankle and is painful during movement afier having a habit of taking high protein diet and practicing unhealthy lifestyle. Dengan menggunakan pengetahuan biologi anda, bincangkan penyataan di atas, Based on your biological knowledges, discuss the statement above, [0 markahy [10 marks} Page 24FORM 5: CHAPTER 2 NEGERI SEMBILAN 2013 NO KRITERIA PEMARKAHAN MARKAH JUMLAH 7@) ‘Terangkan peranan S dan T untuk membengkokkan tangan. 7 Contoh jawapan © Sialah otot biseps © Tialah otot triseps © S akan mengecut, T akan mengendur ‘© Daya tarikan yang terhasit dipindahkan kepada tulang melalui tendon © Tulang ulna ditarik ke arah atas © Lengan dibengkokkan ) ‘Nyatakan perbezaan struktur bagi vertebra P dan vertebra Q. Contoh jawapan a ‘Vertebra P Vertebra Q. ‘Sentrum pipih ‘Sentrum besar dan tebal Mempunyai safur Tidak mempunyal salur vertebarteri vertebarteri Cuaran melintang pendek — | Cuaran melintang panjang ‘Salur saraf besar Salur saraf kecil ‘Cuaran spina pendek dan | Cuaran spina pendek dan lebar pipih 4MAX © Bincangkan hubungkait antara diet dan penyakit yang dialaminya, rn Contoh jawapan = Menyebabkan penyakit atritis * Pengambilan protein yang berlebihan menyebabkan pengumpulan asid urik pada sendi * Menyebabkan keradangan pada sendi // sendi ‘menjadi sakit dan keku https://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 25FORM 5: CHAPTER 2 NEGERI SEMBILAN 2013 NO KRITERIA PEMARKAHAN MARKARH | JUMLAH ‘Kurang mengambil vitamin D 7 ‘Kurang penyerapan kalsium 1 ‘Tulang kurang kuat 1 % Kurang bersenam 1 Menyebabkan jisim tulang kurang 1 + Mengamalkan postur badan yang salah 1 ‘* Memberi tekanan pada sistem rangka 1 10 JUMLAH 20 —————— cedbiology. wordpress.com Page 26 Aittps://wickeFORM 5: CHAPTER 2 KEDAH 2012 8, Diagram 8.1 shows locomotion in an earthworm and grasshopper. Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan pergerakan poda cacing tanah dan belalang. QP=p- Og=gpre- _ dup a Diagram 8.1 Locomotion in earthworm Rajah 8.1 Pergerakan pada cacing tanah og - ff ~ yr fa) (b) (ce) Diagram 8.2 Locomotion in grasshopper Rajah 8.2 Pergerakan pada belalang {a) (i) Based on Diagram 8.1 state the type of skeleton in the earthworm and explain the action of antagonistic muscles which brings about the movement in this animal. [5 marks} Berdasarkan Rajah 8.2, nyatakan jenis rangka pada cacing tanah dan terangkan tindakan otot-otot antagonistik yang menghasilkan pergerakan pada haiwan inl. 15 markoh] (ii) Based on Diagram 8.2 (a), 8.2 (b) and 8.2 (c), explain the action of antagonistic muscles and adaptation of the rear legs to enable the grasshopper to jump. ' [5 marks} Berdasarkan Rajah 8.2 (a), 8.2 (b) don 8.2 (c), terangkan tindakan otot-otot antagonistik dan adaptasi pada kaki belakang belalang bagi membolehkannya melompat. {5 markah] Aitps:/fwickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 27#4 FORM 5: CHAPTER 2 KEDAH 2612 (b) ti) (ii) Diagram 8.3 shows the arrangement of muscles, tendons and ligaments in human forelimb. Rajah 8.3 menunjukkan susunan otot, tendon dan ligamen dalam anggota manusia. Based on Diagram 8.3, describe the function of muscles, tendons and ligaments in enabling the bending and straightefiing of human forelimb. {8 marks) Berdasarkan Rajah 8.3, terangkan fungs! otot, tendon dan ligament dalam membolebkan lengan manusia dibengkokkan dan diluruskan. [8 markah} A housewife aged 55 years old often experiences aches and pains in her bones. Her doctor told her that she is suffering from osteoporosis. State the symptoms of osteoporosis and suggest the ways to overcome this problem. [2 marks } Seorang suri rumah berumur 55 tahun mengalami sakit tulang. Doktor memberitahu dia menderita penyakit osteoporosis, ‘Nyotakan simptom osteoporosis dan cadangkan cara-cara untuk mengatasi ‘mosalah ini. {2 markah] ttps/fwickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 28FORM 5: CHAPTER 2 KEDAH 2012 —T én CKEDAH 2012 QUESTION MARKING CRITERIA suB | TOTAL NO: MARKS | MARKS 8{a) Earthworm have a hydrostatic skeleton im (i) The body wall has both longitudinal and circular muscle which | 1m ‘act antagonistically 3: | The contraction of the circular muscle and relaxation of the im longitudinal muscles cause the segment to extend. 4: _| chaetae are extended to grip the,soil / ground. Im + P5: | The contraction of the longitudinal muscle and relaxation of | 1m the circular muscle cause the segment to shorten. 6: | Contraction and relaxation of these muscles causes the am ‘transfer of hydrostatic pressure from the anterior to the posterior. It causes the body to move to the front. 1m The chaetae are retracted to allow movement Im Any 5P 5m (i) Pi: | Agrasshopper has antagonistic muscles called the flexor and extensor muscles which (are attached to the interior ofthe | 4, exoskeleton) P2:__| The rear legs are bigger and longer and (are adapted for 1m jurnping). P3; | In Diagram 8.2 (a) Flexor muscle contract to flex the leg / Im prepare for jumping. {In Diagram 8.2 (b) Flexor muscle relaxed, extensor muscle | 1m contracts, PS: _| Causes the rear legs to extend. 1m P6:_| and pushes against the ground im P7: | In Diagram 8.3(c}, the thrust created propels the grasshopper | 1m forwards and upwards. Any 5 P- 5m Total marks 10m hupsy//wickedbiology, com Page 29FORM 5: CHAPTER 2 KEDAH 2012 4 QuEsTION MARKING CRITERIA sus | tora NO MARKS | MARKS: 8{b) | Pa: | in Diagram 8.3 (a), Biceps muscle is attached to the radius by | 1m w tendons P2:__| When biceps muscle contracts, a puling force is produced __| 1m P3:_| And is transferred to the tendon im P4:__| Tendon pulls the radius upwards im P5: | Ligaments hold the humerus to the radius — ulna at the elbow | 1m joint. = P6: | Give support and strength to the Bones when they are being | 1m pulled upwards. P7:__| Atthe same time the triceps muscle relaxes. am P8:__| Triceps muscle is connected to the una by tendons. im 9: | When triceps muscle contracts, tendons pull the ulna im downwards. P10: | At the same time the biceps muscle relaxes. im Any 8P. am ‘Symptoms (ii) Fractures of the vertebrae / wrist / hips im Reduction in height 4 am Stooped posture im Any 1P- im To prevent osteoporosis Pa: _| Taking a diet rich in calcium/ phosphorus /vitamin D im P2:_ | Regular exercise im P3:_| Refraining from smoking 1m Any1P. 1m Total marks 10m ee Aitps:/fwickedt ua Page 30» FORM 5: CHAPTER 3 SBP 2014 7@ Blood glucose evel (mgititer) Aros gula dalam darah (mg/tter) (b) Diagram 7.1 shows the changes of glucose level in human blood during. fasting, Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan perubahan aras glukosa dalam darah manusia semasa berpuasa. ‘Normal level 900. ‘Aras normat > ‘Time (hour) ‘Masa jam) Fasting start ‘Fasting break Mule berpuasa 4, Berbuka puasa Diagram 7.1 Rajah 7.1 The changes of blood glucose level shown in Diagram 7.1 occur ina healthy human, ‘Name two organs that involve in the regulatory mechanism. Suggest how these organs play their roles. Perubahan aras glukosa darah yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 7.1 berlaku di dalam badan seorang yang sida. Namakan dua organ yang teribat dalam mekanisme pengawalaturan itu. Cadangkan bagaimana kedua-dua organ ini memainkan peranan masing-masing [6 marks] [6 markah] The transmission of information througlout human body is via the nervous system and the endocrine system. How these two systems are different? Penghantaran maklumat dalam badan manusia adalah melalui sistem saraf dan sistem endokrina adalah berbeza. Bagaimanakah kedua-dua sistem ini berbeza . [8 marks} [8 markah} a https://nickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 31“» FORM 5: CHAPTER BP 2014 (©) Diagram 7.2 shows the junction between two neurons, labelled as X. Rajah 7.2 memunjukkan persimpangan di antara dua neuron, dlabelkan X. . Nerve impalse ‘Axon terminal of a Inputs sarap ‘Nerve impalse Impuls saraf Diagram 7.2 Raj 7.2 Nerve impulses are transmitted along a neurone in the form of electrical impulses with an action potential of -6OmV. However the action potential cannot across gap X. The nerve impulses are carried by chemical made by the neurone that is sending the impulse to the next neurone. ‘Suggest how the transmission of nerve! impulses across gap X is affected after a stimulant drug is injected into tnman body. Impuls saraf dijana melintasi suatw neuron dalam bentuk impuls elektrik dengan suate eupayaan tindakan -60mV. Walaubagaimanapun keupayzan tindakan ini tidak boleh melalui celah X. Impuls saraf dibawa oleh bahan kimia yang dibina oleh neuron yang ‘menghantar impuls saraf itu kepada neuron yang seterusnya. ‘Cadangkan bagaimana penghantaran impuls saraf menerusi celah X dipengaruil selepas dadah perangsang disuntik ke dalam badan manusia, ad (6 marks] {6 markah} ee ‘utps://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 324 FORM 5: CHAPTER 3 SBP 2014 ‘ty No Criteria Marks | @__| Able to explain the regulatory mechanisin of glucose level in human blood. 6 Sample answers: ‘Organs : pancreas 1 liver 1 Blood glucose increase Pi (Beta cell of) pancreas secretes insulin P2 Excess glucose is converted into glycogen P3 Store in the liver Pe Mare glucose is oxidized /espired / burnt / sed / converted into i Blood glucose decrease PS (Alpha cell of pansrees secretes glugggoa 6 Glycogen in the liver ’ P7 is converted into glucose P8 Less glucose is oxidized / respired ’ burt / used / converted into lipid iAnw Ay (&) [Able to explain the differences between the fansmission of information 8 throughout buman body via the nervous system and the endocrine system. Sample answers: ‘Nervous system ‘Aspect Endocrine syatem ‘Neurons Pi— Means ‘Hormones 1 Body cell ‘P2— Explanation Chemicals 1 Fast P3— Speed « ‘Slow 1 Electrical signal | P4~Explarivion ‘Chemical signal 1 ‘Shorter P5—Lesting ‘Longer 1 The effect is immediate Po—Explagion ~The effet kes Tnger || time ‘One way PT — Direction ‘Depends on target i cells/organs 1 Tnvolves synapse | P8— Explanation "No junction T ‘One Po— Target, Cau be more than one || ccell/organs Specific PIO—Explanation | Send to many organs_|| 1 ‘Neurons, PU-Via Blood(stream/vessel) || 3 Use neurons "Not | PI2— Explanation ‘No ducts 1 involve duct Example of expected answers: * Nervous sytem function by the means of neurons while endocrine system by the means of honnones + Nearon are body cells while hormones are chemicals * cane ®) oe ‘https://wickedbiology wordpress.com Page 33* FORM 5: CHAPTER 3 =p SBP 2014 @ ‘Able fo explain the transmission of néfve impulses across a synapse afer @ stimulant drug i injected into hnman body. ‘Sample answers: PI Synapse P2 (The transmission of nerve impulses) increase P3 More stimulation by neurotransmitter/any example P4 More impulses received by adjacent nenrons PS More impulses received by target cell / organs / effectors P6 Neurotransmitters do not disintegrate after stimulating the next neurons P7 More responses P8 Stimulates the body function/metabolism PO Gives more energy / sense of energetics PLO Example of drugs: nicotine/caffeine/heroin (Any 6) 6 TOTAL oo Page 34 Attps//wickedbiology.wordpress.com© FORM 5: CHAPTER 3 ) &) i) PERAK 2012:.» The role of cordination and response are carried out by two different systems as shown in Diagram 7.2 (a) and 7.2,(b). Peranan wtama di dalam kordinasi dan gerakbalas dijalankan oleh dua sistem berbeza seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Rajah 7.2(a) dan 7.2(b). wl Diagram 7.2 (a) Diagram 7.2 (b) Rajah 7.2 (a) Rajah 7.2 (b) Describe both systems based on the structure and function, {6 marks} Huraikan kedua-dua sistem berdasarkan struktur dan fungsinya [6 markah] Diagram 7.3 shows an emergency situation faced by Abu. Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan satu keadaan cemas yang dihadapi oleh Abu. v — Diagram 7.3 Rajah 7.3 Explain the cordination between the systems shown in Diagram 7.2(a) and 7.2 (b) for Abu to respond towards the situation, [8 marks} Terangkan kordinasi di antara sistem-sistem yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 7.2(a) dan 7.2(b) supaya Attu dapat bergerakbalas terhadap situasi tersebut, 18 markah] Autps/fwickedbiology.wordpress.com . - Page 35FORM 5: CHAPTER 3 7b) FI Nervous system a P1 Consists of brain, spinal cord and neurons P2 Stimulates by external stimuli P3 Send information in the form of electrical impulses P4 Impulse is transmitted via neurons to effector F2 Endocrine system PS Consists of endocrine glands // glands without ducts P6 Stimulates by internal stimuli P7 Send information in the form of chemical impulses! hormones P8_Hormones is transported by blood to target organ PERAK 2012 7b (ii) PI Stimuli is detected by hypothalamus P2_ Hypothalamus send impulse through sympathetic nervous system to the effector / heart / respiratory muscle / blood vessel P3_ Hypothalamus send nerve impulse to adrenal medulla P4 Adrenal medulla secretes adreniiline and noradrenaline PS. Both hormones are sent to target organ / heart / respiratory muscle /olood vessel through blood 6 These two system cooperate each other PT Causes increase in blood glucose level P8_ Causes blood vessel constrict to increase the blood pressure 9. Causes respiratory muscle to contract and relax faster/! increase breathing rate P10 Causes heart to pump faster // increase heart rate P11 To transport more oxygen and glucose to the skeletal muscle & brain P12 Brain more alert to mobilise body into immediate action /run away from the dog Aittps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 36FORM 5: ER KELANTAN 2014 8. Diagram 8.1 shows the pathway of a refiex action or reflex arc, when the hand accidentally touches sharp needle. Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan laluan satu tindakan reflek atau arka reflek, semasa tangan tidak sengaja menyentuh jarum tajam. a() Define reflex action. Takrifkan tindakan refiek. [2 markah } i) Based on Diagram 8.1, explain how reflex action functions. to avoid the injury. Berdasarkan Rajah 8.1, terangkan bacaimana tindakan refiek berfungsi untuk mengelakkan kecederaan. [8 markah ] > Ahitps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 37FORM 5: CHAPTER 3 KELANTAN 2014 b) Table 8.1 shows some activities done by a human. Jadual 8.1 menunjukkan beberapa aktiviti yang dilakukan oleh manusia. Eating Breathing —_Peristalsis, Running Makan Bemafas _Reristalsis Berlari Table 8.1/ Jadual 8.1 (i) Based on Table 8.1, classify the activities into voluntary action and involuntary action. Berdasarkan Jadual 8.1, kelaskan aktiviti kepada tindakan terkawal dan tindakan luar kawal, [2 markah ] (i) Explain the comparison and differences between voluntary action and involuntary action. “ Terangkan perbandingan dan perbezaan di entara tindakan terkawal dan tindakan luar kaval. [8 markeh ] ee ‘ttps://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 38FORM 5: CHAPTER 3 KELANTAN 2014 (aX) ‘Dapat memberikan takrif tindakan refiek - P1 Tindakan balas yang cepat / serta merta /automatik - P2 Hanya melibatkan saraf tunjang // Tidak melibatkan otak B(aXii) Dapat menghuraikan arka reflek berdasarkan Rajah 8.4 - P41 Sakit adalah rangsangan ~ P2 Reseptor mengesan rangsangan / sakit = P3 dan mencetuskan impuls (saraf ) - 4 Aferen neuron menghantar impuls ke intemeuron / saraf tunjang - P6 Impuls dipindahkan merentasi sinaps ( dalam jirim kelabu ) // Neuron aferen bersinaps dengan interneuron dan kemudian bersinaps dengan neuron eferen - P6 Neuron eferen menghant impuls ke efektor / otot / bisep 7 Bisep akan mengecut 8 lalu menarik lengan daripada objek tajam (bX) Dapat mengelaskan aktiviti kepada tindakan terkawal dan tindakan luar kawal ‘Tindakan terkawal ‘Tindakan luar kawal Makan Muntah: Berlari Peristalsis Dapat menerangkan perbandingan dan perbezaan tindakan terkawal dan tindakan luar kawal - Persamaan : >_P1 Kedua-dua tindakan terkawal dan tindakan luar kawal oo Page 39 ‘hutps:/pwickedbiology.wordpress.comFORM 5: CHAPTER 3 f KELANTAN 2014 ‘KD melibatkan koordinasi sistem saraf ~ P2 Kedua-dua tindakan terkawal dan tindakan luar kawal| 4 merupakan gerakbalas terhadap rangsangan yang diterima - Perbezaan : Tindakan Perbezaan Tindakan Terkawal Luar Kawal Mengikut kemahuan |~ Capa beriaku ) Tidak mengikut seseorang kemahuan 1 seseorang Berlaku dibawah | Kesedaran | Berlaku secara kesedaran seseorang tidak disedari 4 Serebrum Pusat integrasi | Medula oblongata Rangsangan luar__| Rangsangan | Rangsangan dalam Organ daria Reseptor | Reseptor dalam 1 yang khusus Otot rangka Efektor Otot icin otot 1 kardiak dan 4 kelenjar 1 8 Tumiah markah 20 ‘itps://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 40FORM 5: CHAPTER 3 TERENGGANU 2012 “9 (0 Table shows he content of component in R ahd $ in Diagram 9.1. ~ Jadual 1 memwjutkan kandungan komponen di dalam R dan S dalam Rajah 9.1. R ‘Diagram 9.1 ‘Rajah 9.1 Component Conpoaon Komponen ey Ghasase v 7 Oxypen v v Albumen v x Urea z v Platlets ¥ x Lewoosytes v v Enrtaveytes v x Table 1 Jadual 1 (© Based on Table 1, ‘Berdasarken Jadual |, ‘Explain why the contents of R and S are different. Teranghan mengapa kandungan dalam R dan S adalah berbeza, [10 marks] (©) Dagan 2 shows he organ involves in homens 9.2 menunjuttan organ yong terlibat dalam homeostasis, Diagram 9.2 Rajah 9.2 Docs ihe ora shown in ingen 92 can regulate the human body temperature ? ‘itp er o oh bemre a an Boren nda [10 marks] ‘hups://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 41FORM 5: CHAPTER 3 JERENGGANU 2012 NUM ‘SCORING CRITERIA Able t0 explain why the different contents in Blood andi interstitial ‘Sample answer: ‘F F1~ Glucose / oxygen present in the R and S, El There is high hydrostatic pressure at the arterial end of the capillaries E2- glucose / oxygen force out from the R to $ E3- Able to pass through the wal! of blood capillaries F2. No albumen / plavlets / erythrocytes in the S E4~ large molecules / components ES. unable to pass through the capillary wall. F3.- Leucocytes present in the R and § E6- because leucocytes coze through the openings in the capillary wall F4~ Urea present in the R and S 7 - diffuse from the body cells through the S into R Any 10 so 9b) [ FA + Hairs become erect Able to evaluate whether skin can regulate body temperature and ‘give the reason. Sample answer: ‘Yes Reason When the body temperature falls F1_: (Cold) receptors/thermoreceptor detects the change of the body temperature falls EL: Afferent neurone transmitted the nerve impulse to the hypothalamus E2 : Hypothalamus acts as the temperature regulatory centre E3. : Nerve impulse is transmitted from hypothalamus to the skin (by efferent neurone to produce response by negative feedback mechanism) F2_: Heir erector muscles are stimulated to contract ES : A thick layer of air is trapped E6 : Less heat Joss (to the environmert by radiation /eonduction) i 10 F3. : Sweat glands inactive fad H i ET _:_Less sweat produced ‘hps:/wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 42FORM 5: CHAPTER 3 TERENGGANU 2012 a ERENGGANU 2012 ES: Rate of evaporation (very) low Tt 'B9 Heat is conserved 1 i F4 : Vasoconstriction occurs// blood vessels constrict 1 E10: Less blood flows close to the body surface 1 Ell: Heat loss (by radiation /eonduction) is reduced 1 } 1 i E12; Body temperature increase back to normal Any 9! 10M or { When the body temperature high FL: (Warm) receptors/thermoreceptor detects the change ofthe | 1 ' body temperature high j El ; Afferent neurone transmitted the nerve impulse to the fy hypothalamus | I £2: Hypothalamus acts as the temperature regulatory centre 1 + Nerve impulse is transmitted from hypothalamus to the 1 : skin (by efferent neurone to produce response by negative feedback mechanism) F2_: Hair erector muscles are stimulated to relax EA : Hairs lie flat : ES: Very little layer of air is rapped E6 : More heat loss (to the environment by radiation /conduetion) F3. : Sweat glands active | E7 : More sweat produced JER : Rate of evaporation (very) high JED: Heat is lost from the skia, cooling the skin | F4 + Vasodilation occurs! blood vessels dilate E10: More blood flows close to the body surface | EL] : Heat loss (by radiation ‘conduction) is increased E12: Body temperature decrease back to normal Any 9 {10M TOTAL! 20 3 ee Page 43 Attps,//wickedbiology. wordpress.comFORM 5: CHAPTER 3 PULAU PINANG 2012 ~~ Diagram 9 shows the mechanism of thermoregulation in human, Rajah 9 menunjukkan mekunisma kawalatur sulu badan dalam mamusia. ‘Thermoreceptors in skin Termoresaptor paca kulit Diagram 97 Rajah 9 (@) Based on Diagram 9, explain how the mechanism of thermoregulation acts to regulate body temperature on a hot day. Berdasarkan Rajah 9, terangkan bagaimana mekanisma kawalatur suhu pada badan bertindak untuk mengawalatur sult badan pada hari yang panos, [10 marks] / {10 markah) ‘Troplsm involves the growth movement of certain parts of the plant towards or ‘away from the stimulus. Tropisma melibatkan pergerakan pertumbuhan bahagian tertentu tumbuhan ke ‘rah atau menjaubl rangsangan. (©) Explain the mechanism involved in: , Jelaskam mekanisma yang terlibat dalam:* 4i) positive phototropism of shoots fototropisma positif pucuk Gi) positive geotropism of roots geotropisma positif akar _____ [10 marks} / {10 markah] hitps:/fwickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 44-FORM'S: CHAPTER 3. Tage ae = Saba ‘Tear ~ a) aie aais iow the mechanism oftaeraorepuaion seat regulate body temperature on a hot day Tea: Cinges in the envirnmestal tperere are detected by in be aad Clan esd Yemperatue are detected by thermoreceptors ia the Janus. * hypothal Perubahan dalam suku persekitaran dikesan oleh termoreseptor pada kult. // Perubahan sulu darah dikesan oleh termoreseptor pada hipotalamius. ‘M2 : These thermoreceptors transmit nerve impulses to the centre in the Hipotalamus /pusat regulasi menghaniar impuls sar ke FL: Smooth muscles in arterioles in the skin relax, causing (108 ct pada arteriol paca kulit mengendur, menyebabkan [El : More blood is carried to the surface of the body, where heat is loss by convection and radiation, Lebth banyak darah diangkut ke permukaan kuli/ badan, di ‘mana kehilangan haba berlaku melalui proses radiasi dan onveksi. 2: The sweat glands secrete sweat onto the surface of the skin, whore it evaporates. Kelenjar peluh merembes peluk ke permukaan kali di mana ia E2 : Water has a high latent heat of evaporation, so this process takes ‘beat from the body and.the body cools. ir memprrgal haba aen yng tinge Joa proses int smenghilangkan haba darlpada badan dan suf badan menurun. 3: The hair erector muscles relax, lowering the skin hairs, Otat rambut erektor mengendur, menurunkan rambut kulit. ‘ES : Only a thin layer of air is trapped between the hairs. Heat lost ‘through conduction and radintion is increased. Hanya selapis udara yang nipis terperangkap. Haba yang Jhllang melalul proses konduksi dan radiasi bertambah. 4: The skeletal muscles do not contract and relax involuntarily. Ott rangka tidak mengecut dan mengendur secara tidak terkawal .E4 : There is no shivering and no unnecessary generation of heat. Orang itu tidak menggiggil and tiada penghasilan haba yang tidak perl, BS : The adrenal gland! thyroid glands secret less edreneline! thyroxine. Kelenjar adrenal irotd merembes kurang adrenalin! tiroksin Samy TSN Speneerseeveepeeeemneeeeeeme ‘htips,//wickedbiology. wordpréss.com Page 45: *HAPTER“ -- 1 RULAU PINANG 2612 “FORN5: wo" @ |] Able to explain the mechawist involved in'positive phototropism’ of shoots 4 BE: The BOly's metabolé rte ie reduged. This reluced We" _Beastation of resp ‘beat. of "| any 10M,E or E)/(mana-mana 10.M,F ateu E) PI: When a.shoot is exposed to light from one direction, auxins: which are produced in the shoot tip, Apabila pucuk terdedah kepada cahaya dari satu arah, auxin _ 2g diesittan pada hyjung puctk 2: move into the zone of elongation. bergerak ke zon per 3: Atthe zone of elongation, more auxins move to the shaded side, away from the light. Pada zon pemanjangan, lebih banyak auksin bergerak ke ‘menjauhi cahaya, bahagian 4: resulting ina higher concentration of atxxins in the shaded region than in the region exposed t8 light. telindng lebih tga dipade ehogios ang tere ‘kepada cahaya PS: The cells on the shaded region of the shoot elongate more than the cells on the other region, ‘Sel pada bahagian yang terlinduong pada pucuk memanjang lebih Baryak daripada sel pada Jain. P6 Asa result, the shoot grows and bends towards the direction of the light. Aiibatnya, pucuk itu tunbuh dan membengkok ke arah cahaya, (any 5P)/(mana-mana SP) Able to explain the mechanism involved in positive geotropism of roots 7 ; Auxins are produced st the root tips and move to the lower side of root, Auksin dihasilkon pada hujung aka dan bergerak ke bahaglan ‘bawah akar, 8 ; due to the pull of gravity disebabkan oleh tarikan graviti P9:: More auxins accumulate on the lower side ofthe roo, resulting ina higher concentration of auxins on the lower side. Lebih banyak auksin terkumpul pada bahagian bawah akan, jadi Aepekatan auksin pada bahagian bawah lebih tinggi P10: A high concentration of auxins in the root inhibits elongation of cells, Kepekatan auksin yang tinggi pada akar membantut ‘pemanjangan sel. P14: Hence the cells on the lower side ofthe root grow slower than the cells on the upper side, Oleh itu, sel pacia bahagian bawah akar tumbuh lebth lambat daripada sel pada bahagian atas. "Kadur.metabotiom badan dita Jn mengurangiiti cope SXIpull of gravity, © se panei : . “Akibamya, akar tumbul, dan membengkok ke bawah, ke- ara tartan gravii . : 1 fatty SP)/ (mana-mana P) hitps,/fwickedbiolézy. wordpress.com ” ‘Page 47FORM 5: CHAPTER 3 NEGERI SEMBILAN 2013 6 Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan mekanisme suap balik negatif dalam pengawalaturan aras gula dalam darah. Diagram 6.1 shows negative feedback mechanism in a regulation of blood sugar level. Mckanisme suap balik negatif Negative feedback mechanism “Aras ghikosa darah nocal Normal blood gcose love! Hormon Y Hormone ¥ Mekanisme suap balik negatif Negative feedback mechanism Rajah 6.1 Altpsi//wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 48FORM 5: CHAPTER 3 NEGERI SEMBILAN 2013 Diagram 6.1 (a) (i) Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1, terangkan secara ringkas maksud suap balik negatif’ Based on Diagram 6.1, explain briefly the meaning of negative feedback [2 marke] 12 marks} Gi) Huraikan bagaimana hormon X dan hormon Y mengawalatur aras glukosa dalam darah, Describe how hormone X and hormone ¥ regulate the glucose level in blood. [8 markah] [8 marks} ) ‘Tropisme melibatian pergerakan pertumbuhan bahagian tertentu tumbuhan ke arah atau menjauhi rangsangan, Tropism involves the growth movement of certain parts of the plant towards or away from the stimulus, Berdasarkan pemyataan di atas, terangkan fototropisme positif pucuk dan geotropisme positif akar Based on statement above, explain the positive phototropism of shoots and Positive geotropism of roots. [10 markah] [10 marks] Atips,/pwickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 49FORM 5: CHAPTER 3 NEGERI SEMBILAN 2013 Apabila aras glukosa dalam darah meningkat, mekanisme pembetulan akan menurunkan semula ares ‘glukosa kepada normal // © Apebila aras glukosa dalam darah menurun, mekanisme pembetulan akan meningkatkan semula aras glukosa, kepada normal NO] KRITERIA PEMARKAHAN JOUMLAH (@)(@)_| Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1, teranghan secara ringhas maksud suap balik negatif ¢ Mekanisme pembetulan untuk mengembalikan keadaan persekitaren dalam menjadi normal (a)Gi) Huraikan bagaimana hormon X dan hormon Y ‘mengawalatur aras glukosa dalam darah © Hormon X ialah insulin ‘* Hormon Y ialah glukagon © Apabila aras glukosa dalam darah meningkat daripada aras normal, (sel beta pada kelompok sel Langerhans) di pancreas merembeskan hormon X ke dalam darah © Di hati, Hormon X, menukarkan glukosa berlebihan dalam darah kepada glikogen untuk disimpan di sel-sel hati dan sel-sel otot, © Aras glukosa dalam darah menurun semula dan kembali ke aras normal ‘Apabila aras elukosa dalam darsh menurun daripada aras normal, (sel alfa pada kelompok sel Langerhans di) Pancreas merembeskan hormon Y ke dalam darah © Dihati, Hormon Y, menukarkan glikogen kepada slukosa ‘* Aras glukosa dalam darah meningkat semula dan Kembali ke aras normal Page 50FORM 5: CHAPTER 3 NEGERI SEMBILAN 2013 NO KRITERIA PEMARKAHAN MARKAH b) Jelaskan mekanisme yang terlibat dalam fototropisme positif pucuk dan geotropisme positif akar © Sel meristem apeks pada hujung pucuk menghasilkan auksin © Auksin merangsang pemanjangan sel di hujung pucuk * Auksin meresap dari meristem apeks ke zon pemanjangan se! . « Kepekatan auksin adalah lebih tinggi di bahagian teduh berbanding bahagian yang terdedah kepada eahaya © Scl-sel di bahagian yang teduh memanjang lebih banyak berbanding bahagian yang terdedsh kepada cahaya © Ini menyebabkan hujung pucuk membengkok ke arah cahaya © Meristem apeks hujung akar menghasilkan auksin ‘¢ Auksin meresap ke dalam zon pemanjangan sel * Daya tarikan graviti menyebabkan auksin berkumpul di bahagian bawah hujung akar © Kepekatan auksin adalah lebih tinggi di bahagian bawah hhujung akar berbanding di bahagian atas ‘© Kepckatan auksin yang tinggi dalam akar merencatkan pemanjangan sel ‘© Pemanjangan sel di bahagian bawah akar lebih perlahan Urine decrease Mekanisme Pembetulan ADH meningkat > Air kencing ( C berkurang Increase Meningkat Normal Blood Osmotic Pressure Tekanan Osmotik Darah Normal Diagram 7.1 Rajah 7.1 Explain the corrective mechanism when the osmotic pressure of the blood increases. Terangkan mekanisme pembetulan apabila tekanan osmotik darah meningkat. [6 marks] [6 markah} itps://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 52FORM 5: CHAPTER 3 _SBP 2012 (b) Diagram 7.2 shows the sequence of organs and tissue that responded when a man was attacked by a robber. Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan urutan organ-organ dan tisu yang bergerak balas apabila seorang lelaki diserang oleh perompak. Liver Hati Eyes by Brain Adrenal gland Lungs Skeletal muscles Mata Otak Kelenjar adrenal Peparu Otot rangka Heart Jantung Diagram 7,2 Rajah 7.2 Explain the involvement of nervous system and endocrine system in this situation. Bincangkan penglibatan sistem saraf dan sistem endokrin dalam situasi ini. [8 marks] [8 markah] (©) Diagram 7.3 shows transmission of impulse through a synapse. Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan penghantaran impuls melalui satu sinaps, Axon terminal Terminal akson Synapse Dendrite, Dendrit Snaps Impulse Impuls Diagram 7.3 Rajah 7.3 Explain the effect of a pain killer drug on the transmission of nerve impulses. Terangkan kesan ubat tahan sakit ke atas penghantaran impuls saraf. [6 marks} [6 markah} Page 53FORM 5: CHAPTER 3 SBP 2012 Question 7 No Criteria Marks @ [Able to explain the corrective mechanism when the osmotic pressure 6 of the blood increases. Sample answer: *® Water content in the blood is low // Blood is hypertonic © Detected by osmoreceptor = In hypothalamus * Send nerve impulse to pituitary gland * Secretes ADH » Transported by blood to kidney * Distal convoluted tubule / collecting duct of nephron + More permeable towards water = More water reabsorbed by blood (and less urine produced) (Any 6) (b) | Able to explain the involvement of nervous system and endocrine 8 system in the situation, Sample answer: = The receptors / eyes detect stimulus = Sent nerve impulse to brain * Integration and interpretation of information * Sent nerve impulse to adrenal gland * Secretes adrenalin '* Transported by blood (to liver, lungs and heart) * (Inthe liver,) glycogen converted into glucose Increase breathing rate Increase ventilation rate // gaseous exchange in the lungs Increase heartbeats, More blood / glucose / oxygen (in skeletal muscles) More cellutar respiration ‘More energy released For muscles contraction // To respond / fight back / run away. (Any 8) © _ | Able to explain the effect of @ pain killer drug on the transmission of 8 nerve impulses. Sample answer: = Nerve impulses reach axon terminal / synaptic knob = Energy from mitochondria * Vesicles containing neurotransmitter * Merged / fused with (pre-synaptic) membrane *# Releases neurotransmitters * Into synapse = Drugs Neutralised / blocked / disintegrate the neurotransmitters * No/ less neurotransmitters reach dendrite / next neurone = No//less new nerve impulses transmitted, (Any 6) TOTAL 20 eee ‘Mips:/jwickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 54 utp logy.FORM 5 : CHAPTER 4 TERENGGANU 2014 7a) Diagram 7.1 shows the development of pollen. Rajah7.1 menunjukkan perkembangan debunga. a °. (ef e 0, ’ Pollen mother cell Tetrad Pollen Sel induk debunga Tetrad Debunga Diagram 7.1 // Rajah 7.1 Describe the development of pollen based on the diagram above. Huratkan perkembangan debunga berdasarkan rajah di atas. [4 marks] (b) Diagram 7.2 shows the mature carpel where the process of double fertilisation occurs in the plant. Explain the process. Rajah 7.2 menuyjukkan karpel matang dimana proses persenyawaan gandadua dalam tmbuhan berlaku Teranghean proses tersebut Diagram 7.2// Rajah 7.2 [6 marks} ‘htps://vickedbiology.swordpress.com Page 0~ FORMS: CHAPTER 4 TERENGGANU 2014 (©) Diagram 7.3 shows the process of secondary growth in plant Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan proses pertumbuhan sekunder dalam tumbuhan. Diagram 7.3 Rajah 7.3 : Based on the above diagram, explain the process of secondary growth in plant Berdasarkan rajah di atas, terangkan proses pertumbuhan sekunder dalam ‘tumbuhan. [6 marks] (@ _ Explain the important of secondary growth in plant. Terangkan kepentingan pertumbuhan sekunder dalam tumbuhan. [4 marks} eo ‘ntps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 56FORM 5: CHAPTER 4 4 TERENGGANU 2014 No Mark Scheme ‘Mark 1a) | Able to explain the development of pollen based on the diagram above Suggested answer: El: pollen mother cell ( diploid) undergo meiosis 1 E2: 2cell stage of pollen cell (haploid) is form E3: 2 cell stage undergo meiosis II EA: tetrad stage is form ES: after the secretion of cell wall, the pollen is form 7) | Able to explain the process of double fertilisation occurs in the plant. ‘Suggested answer: El- The pollen tube grows down the style towards the ovule E2- The suger solution (sucrose) secreted by the stigma stimulates 1 the pollen grain to germinate end form a pollen tube E3- The generative nucleus divides by mitosis to form two male 1 gamete nuclei EA- The male gamete nuclei move down the pollen tube led by the 1 tube nucleus 'ES- When the pollen tube reaches the ovary, it penetrates the ovule through the micropyie 1 EG- The tube nucleus degenerates, leaving a clear passage for the 1 male nuclei to enter the embryo sac E7- Double fertilization occurs in the ovule. One male micleus fuses a | Max with the ege nucleus to form a diploid zygote(2n) 1| 6 E8- The other male nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei to form a ‘wiploid nucleus(3n) ‘@)__ | Able to explain the process of secondary growth in plant ‘Suggested answer: FI: Vascular cambiumn divides actively radially El:fonning cambium ring/intervascular cambiumn F2:Cambitim cells divides tangeatly, E2:cell in the ouside differentiate to form secondary phloem E3.while the inmer cell differentiate to form secondary xylem E4:primary xylem pushed towards the pith Scand primary phloem pushed towards the epidermis E6the walls of secondary xylem will be thickened with Hignin E7:this give tissues mechanical strength fo support the plant E8.the tissues outside become increasingly compressed Eo:the circumference/ diameter increased caused the epidermis to be stretched E10:the ruptured epidermis will be replaced by cork as a result of the 1 activity of cork cambinm ¥F3:cork cambiun divides tangently a | max El 1:form secondary cortex/inner cell and cork’ outer cell 1| 6 ee Page 57 ‘ps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com* FORM 5: CHAPTER 4 TERENGGANU 2014 1(@)_ | Able to explain the important af secondary growth in plant ‘Suggested answer: Pi: Increase the diameters of the plant stems and roots for additional 1 ‘mechanical support P2: Produces secondary xylem called wood to support and strengthen the | 1 growing plant 3: Produces more secondary phloem and secondary xylem to 1 accommodate the increase in demand for water, mineral and organic sutrient 1 PA: produced new phloem and xylem tissues to replace old and damaged ones 5: Produces a thick and tough bark which reduces evaporation of water | 1 from the surface of stem, also protects the plant against of insect and parasite fangi 1 | Max 6: Increase the opportunities to prodace seeds and propagate as plant that 4 ‘undergo secondary growth live longer P7: produce large quantities of fruit for local consumption and export TOTAL| 20 bttps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 58.FORM S: CHAPTER 4 SELANGOR 2014 8 Diagram 8.1 shows the structure of a flower. P, Q and R are parts of the flower that plays @ role in reproduction. Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan struktur suatu bunga. P, Q dan R adalah bahagian pada bunga yang memainkan peranan dalam pembiakan. # Diagram 8.1/Rajah 8.1 Identify the parts P, Q, and R of a flower and explain how they help to ensure the survival of the plants in the ecosystem. Kenal pasti bahagian P, Q, dan R suatu bunga dan terangkan bagaimana mereka membantu memastikan kemandirlan tumbuhan dalam suatu ekosistem. [6 marks/6 markah] @) (b) Diagram 8.2 shows a process that occurs in the stigma of a flower. Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan suatu proses yang berlaku dalam stigma bunga. Pollen Debunga a Diagram 8.2/Rajah 8.2 Discuss the process that occurs to the pollen. Bincangkan proses yang beriaku kepada debunga. [4 marks/4 markah] Aitps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 59FORM 5: CHAPTER 4 SELANGOR 2014 (©) Diagram 8.3 shows the growth curve of an insect. Rejah 8.3 menunjukkan lengkung pertumbuhan suatu serangga. Adult i Dewasa cl nF 8) 5 E & 1507 ie =3 af gg % a|* 5 2 1909 Process X = = 4 ProsesX ef yl % 1 J Time (day) 7 Masa (har) 25 5D 75 100 125 150 175 200 225250275 300905 260 Diagram 8.3/Rajah 83 () Explain process X in the growth curve. Terangkan proses X dalam lengkung pertumbuhan tersebut. [5 marks/5 markah} (il) Diagram 8.4 (a) and 8.4 (b) show two types of plants. Rajah 8.4 (a) dan 8.4 (b) menunjukkan dua jenis tumbuhan. | Diagram 8.4 (a)/Rajah 8.4 (a) Diagram 8.4 (b)/Rajah 8.4 (b) Based on the growth curve, discuss the similarities and differences between the two plants, Berdasarkan lengkung pertumbuhan, bincangkan persamaan dan perbezaan di antara kedue-dua tumbuhan tersebut, [5 marks/5 markah] ee ‘hups:/jwickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 60FORM 5: CHAPTER 4 SELANGOR 2014 ea) ‘Able to identify the paris of the flower and explain how they help to ensure the survival of the species. Sample answer : Paris Function Pis anther + To produce polien grains for fertilization 2 + As male reproductive organ ‘Gis ovary * Contain ovulelembryo sac for fertilization 2 + Become fruits after Yertilization + As female reproductive organ Ris petal + Colourful to attract pollination agenvinsects for 2 pollination wo ‘Kale to discuss germination of pollen in stigma, ‘Sample answer : P14: when pollen/polten grains landed on stigma, sucrose solution | 1 is secreted P2 : to stimulate germination of pollen 1 P3 : Pollen tube grows from the pollen 1 P4 : In the pollen tube, generative nucleus divides by mitosis to 1 form two male gametes P5 : The pollen tube nucleus leads the male gametes towards the | 1 ovary 6 : when the pollen tube reach the ovary, the tube nucleus 1 disintegrates and burst open the pollen tube P7 : to allow the male gemmates to enter the ovary through the 1 micropyle Any four Page 61FORM 5: CHAPTER 4 SELANGOR 2014 (©) () | Able to explain process Xin the growih curve. ‘Sample answer : 5 Pt : Process X is ecdysis 1 P2:: For growth, the insect sucks in air to break the old 1 exoskeleton 3 : to expand its body to increase the size 1 Pd : before the old exoskeleton hardens 1 PS : occurs periodically/several times until adutt 1 P6 : produce a step-like growth curve 1 Any five ‘Similarities : P1 : Both show sigmoid growth curve 1 2: Both have xyiem and phicem to transport water and food for | growth Differences Diagram 8.4 (a) Diagram 8.4 (b) Annual plant Perennial plant 1 Undergo primary growth ‘Undergo primary and secondai 1 Do not have woody tissue | Have woody tissué 1 Dornot have lateral meristem | Have lateral meristem 1 ‘Do not have annual rings Have annual rings 1 ‘Do not have thick bark Have thick bark ! ‘Usually short Usually tall 1 ‘Have short life span Have long life span 1 Any five ‘https:/pwickedbiology. wordpress.com z Page 62TERENGGANU 2012 Diagram 6.1shows the formustion of poilea grain in ant of a plant. {jah 1 maraftionpembentn ba duns clon se pe tbahen Pollen grain/buatr debunger Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.2 @ ‘Based on Diagram 6.1, explain the formation of pollen grain. Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1, ferangkan pembentukan butir debunga. (14 marks) anda, ‘erangkan perkembangan ovul dalam ovari utvk yang matang. 16 marks} (©) Didgram 6.2 snows tie proces oF fertilisation ih Nowering plams - Rajah 6.2 menunjutkan proses perseryawaan dalam tumbuban berbunga, Diagram 6.2// Rajah 6.2 ‘Based on Diagram 6.2, deserbe how this process occurs Berdasarkan Rajah 6.2, terangkan bagaimana proses itu beriaku, ‘utps:/jwickedbiology.wordpress.com (10 marke} Page 63FORM 5: CHAPTER 5 TERENGGANU 2012 NUM. ‘SCORING CRITERIA ‘MARKS | (a) "| Able to explain the formation of pollen grain : Suggested answer F -Pollen grains are formed in the anther, an anther has four pollen sacs. 1 - Each pollen sac contains hundreds of cells called pollen mother cells @n) { i E2~ Each pollen mother cell undergoes meiosis to produce four 1 ‘haploid pollen celis/microspores (n). ” E4- The nucleus of each microspores then divided by mitosis w form | 1 4 «tube nucleus and generative nucleus 6(b) | Able to explain the development of ovule. ! Suggesied answer: : : F- The ovule develops from the ovarian tissue. jot i El- inside the ovule is a central mass of parenchyma tissue/nucellus | E2- only one diploid cell megaspore /embryo sac mother cell (2n) 1 enlarges: 3 - Embryo sac mother cell undergoes meiosis to form a row of 1 haploid ceiisymegaspores. : + Threz of the fou: megaspeces degenerated, leaving one wale ES - The Jeft megaspore enlarges und nucleus undergoes mitosis 1 three times to form eight haploid nuclei 6 - Three of the eight nuclei (migrate to one end ofthe ell) to form | 1 | 6 antipodal cells, another two nuclei to form polar nuclei and one of the three nuclei develops into an egg cell/female gamete/ovumn and two synergids cell Any 6 | 6¢6) | Able to deseribe the fertsaton in flowering plant. | Suggested answer: PI Pollen grains have been released from the anther to the stigma for | 1 lination by insects or wind . i i ~ When pollen grain lands on stigma, epidermal cells secrete ja solution i }-{sucrose solution) stimulates the pollen grain to germinate and 15 i 2 pollen tube | 2 -4 ~The pollen tube grows down the style towards the ovule 1 secretes enzymes to digest surrounding tissues as it grow 1 The generative nucleus(follaws behind it) divides by mitosis to yo. ! two male gamete nuclei 1 + The male gamete nuclei move down the pollen tube lead by the: J ‘nucleus 8 - When the pollen tube reaches the ovary, it penetrates the ovule | 1 ugh the micropyle [ ~ The tube nucleus degencrates, leaving a clear passage for the male : iuclei to enter the embryo sac | 10- one male gamete fuses with the egg cell 1o form diploid zygote | 1 11+ the other male gamete fuses with two polar nuclei to form : iploid nucleus which divide by mitosis fo form endosperm tissue.) 12-this fertilisation is called double ferGlisation 1 | 10 hutps/Jnickedbiology. wordpress.com. FORM 5: CHAPTER 4 KEDAH 2013 6 (a) Diagram 6.1 shows the growth process of a plant. Rajah 6.1. menunjukkan proses pertumbuhan pada tumbuhan Diagram 6.1 / Rajah 6.1 Base on the diagram 6.1, describe the process briefly. Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1, terangkan proses ini secara ringkas. [4 marks/ markah} (b) Diagram 6.2. shows the stages of secondary growth in a dicotyledonous stem. Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan peringkat pertumbuhan sekunder di dalam batang dikotiledon. @%e\_ © 92)" * pagan 6.2 /Rajah 6.2 (1) Describe the stages and the processes of secondary growth in a dicotyledonous stem. Huraikan peringkat dan proses pertumbuhan sekunder dalam batang dikotiledon [8 marks/markah} (i) What are the advantageous for plants to undergo secondary growth? Discuss the importance of secondary growth. ‘Apakah kebaikan untuk tumbuhan mengalami pertumbuhan sekunder? Bincangkan kepentingan pertumbuhan sekunder. [8 marks/markah} oe ‘ttps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 65. FORM 5: CHAPTER 4 KEDAH 2013 ‘QUESTION MARKING CRITERIA 308] TOTAL NO sis 6 [@) | Able to describe the growth process” PIL Primary growth P2- irreversible process P3- increase in the number of cells/size/mass/height/leaves 4- process of differentiation /specialization of the organs PS- due to cell division/mitosis, P6- cell elongation/enlargement Perel Any 4 (b) | Able to describe process in the secondary growth of a dicot plant. @ Pi- growth involves the lateral meristem tissues P2- begins when vascular cambium divides 3. to produce two layers of cells / the inner layer and the outer layer) P4- the inner layer will form the secondary xylem P5-the outer layer will form secondary phloem. 6- This result — the primary xylem will be pushed towards the pith and the secondary xylem will be pushed towards the epidermis P7-The walls of secondary xylem will be thickened with lignin 8. this give tissues mechanical strength to support the plant P9- (Secondary xylem grow outwards), the tissues outside become 1 increasingly compresed P10- The circumference increased caused the epidermis to be stretched | 1 sideway Pid- The ruptured epidermis will be replaced by cork as a result ofthe | 1 activity of cork cambium. Any 8 (ii) | Able to give the importance of secondary growth Pi Increase the diameter of plant stems and roots P2- gives mechanical support P3- increase the amount of vascular tissue, xylem and phloem P4- accommodate the increase demand of water and minerals salt and ‘organic nutrients 'P5- more sugars and other organic products can be transported from the leaves to the other part of the trees. P6- Produces new xylem and phloem to replace old and damage tissues P7- Produce a thick trunk/tough bark P8- reduces the evaporation of water from the surface of the stem 'P9- and protects the stem and plant 10- can continue living and growing for many years P11-as a result they can produce flower and seed season after season ‘thus increasing the chances of propagation and continuation of the species. Any8 ‘total 20 oo —- Attps:/fwickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 668 hutps:/pwickedbiology. wordpress.com FORM 5: CHAPTER 4 ! PERAK 2012 Diagram 8 shows the structure of flower. Rajah 8 menunjukkan struktur sekuntum bunga. @ ) Rajah 8 Based on Diagram 8, describe the process that occurs in the anther. {6 marks} Berdasarkan Rajah 8, huraikan proses yang berlaku di dalam anter. {6 markah] @ Gi) “The product from the process in (a) is transferred onto the stigma through pollination. Explain the process that will occur in the style and ovary after pollination. [10 marks] Hasil dari proses di (a) dipindahkan ke stigma melalui pendebungaan. Terangkan proses yang akan berlaku di dalam stil dan ovari selepas pendebungaan. 110 markah} Explain the significance of the process that occurs in ovaries of flowering plants. (4 marks] Terangkan signifikasi proses yang berlaku di dalam ovari pada tumbuhan berbunga. (4 markah] Page 67FORM 5: CHAPTER 4 PERAK 2012 te PI Pollen mother cells in the pollen sac are diploid cells P2_ These cells undergoes meiosis P3_ to produce four haploid microspores! tetrad P4 Nucleus of each microspore divides by mitosis PS. Forming haploid tube nucleus and generative nucleus 6. These microspores develop into pollen grains 8b() | PI Onthe stigma, sugar stimulates pollen grains to 10 germinate P2 Form pollen tube 1 P3_ Pollen tubes grows into the style and towards the ovule, led by tube nucleus 1 P4 Generative nucleus undergoes mitosis and form two male gamete nuclei 1 PS Pollen tube penetrates the ovule through micropyle 1 P6 Tube nucleus disintegrates 1 P7 One male nuclei fuses with the egg cells to form diploid zygote 1 P8 Another male nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei to form triploid zygote 1 9 This process is known as double fertilization 1 P10 Triploid nucleus divide to form endosperm (ie nutritive tissues) 1 PII Diploid zygote divides and grows into embryo 1 8b(i) | PI After double fertilisation, the outer layer of ovale dries 5 up and develops a hard seed coat i P2 To protect both embryo and endosperm 1 P3 Ovule will develop into seed 1 P4 Ovary enlarges and form fruit 1 PS Ovary wall develops into fruit wall that cover & protect the fruit 1 P6 This will ensure the flowering plant to survive 1 8 The endosperm of the seed provides nutrition and ‘energy to the embryo for its growth 1 ‘Max 5 ——————— Page 68 ‘httpsy/fwickedbiology. wordpress.comFORM 5: CHAPTER 5 KELANTAN 2014 9 Diagram 9.1 shows two pairs of homologous chromosomes of a parent. A father has genotype I*I° and his wife has genotype |? 1°. Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan dua pasang kromosom homolog nduk . Sua! mempunyai genotip \*1° dan isterinya genotip I° I°. Father /Suami Wife listeri ) \ ) \ Melosia 4 } ‘ ‘ psc we 8 ®t P Diagram 9.1 / Rajah 9.1 a () Predict the genotype and phenotype of the offspring Q,R and S. ‘Ramaikan genotip dan fenotip bagi anak Q, Rand S. [3 markah ] (i) Based on Diagram 9.1, explain the result using Mendet's First Law. Berdasarkan Rajah 9,1, terangkan keputusan berdasarkan Hukum Mendel Pertama. eS Aups://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 69FORM 5: CHAPTER 5 KELANTAN 2014 [3 markah } b) In your opinion, explain the causes of variation in the inheritance of different phenotypes in human. Pada pendapat anda, ferangkan punce-punca variasi yang membawa kepada perbezaan fenotip manusia. [8 markah } ©) Diagram 9,2 shows the karyotype of an individuals who has experienced chromosomal mutation, Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan kariotip seorahg individu yang telah mengalami mutasi kromosom. REDE BARE WARE REBAR HPAP AG AE AR aN BXBR aa Aw is 1 2 08 Diagram 9.2 / Rajah 9.2 Explain the cause of mutation in Diagram 9.2 Terangkan sebab berlakunya mutasi dalam Rajah 9.1 [6 markah } —————— haps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 70FORM 5: CHAPTER 5 KELANTAN 2014 9(aXi)_ | Dapat meramalkan genolip dan fenolip bagi anek. Genotip Fenotip Q re Kumpulan darah A 4 R Pr Kumpulan darah B 4 s id Kumpulan darah O 1 3 S(aXil) | Dapat menerangkan keputusan berdasarkan Hukum Mendel Portama - P41 Hukum Mendel Pertama menyatakan bahawa sesuatu ciri pada organisma ditentukan oleh sepasang ale! 1 - P2 Semasa pembentukan gamet, pasangan alel bersegregasiberpisah semasa meiosis 1 1 - P3 Hanya salah satu alel sahaja daripada pasangan alel ini akan hadir dalam satu gamet 1 3 ————————— Aiutps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 71.FORM 5: CHAPTER 5 KELANTAN 2014 9(b) | Dapat_menerangkan punca-punca variasi_ yang membawa kepada perbezaan fenotip manusia ‘+ Pindah silang semasa profasa 1 meiosis - P14 Kromatid daripada kromosom homolog tak seiras akan bersilang ~ P2menyebabkan pertukaran bahan genetik 1 - P3 lalu menghasilkan kombinasi genetik yang baru 1 + Penyusunan kromosom homolog secara bebas - P4 Semasa metafasa 1, kromosom homolog tersusun ‘secara rawak di atas satah khatulistiwa - PS Semasa anafasa 1, setiap pasangan homolog| 1 berpisah - P6 Lalu menghasilkan gamet dengan kombinasi genetik| 1 yang berlainan * Persenyawaan secara rawak = P7 Sperma/gamet jantan dan ovum/gamet betina dengan pelbagai kombinasi genetik bersenyawa secara rawak = P8 Zigot yang terhasil mempunyai kombinasi diploid yang) 1 pelbagai//variasi wujud antara individu yang sama spesies * Mutasi P9 Mutasi menyebabkan perubahan berkekalan pada kandungan genetik/genotip sesuatu organisma Max 8 ‘9(c) | Dapat menerangkan sebab berlakunya mutasi dalam rajah 9 - P1 Individu mengalami Sindrom Klinefelter 1 - 2 akibat berlebihan satu kromosom X 1 = P3 Pendedahan kepada bahan mutagen / bersifaf karsinogenik 1 ~ P4 menyebabkan kromosom seks / pasangan kromosom ke 23 gagal berpisah 1 - PS Semasa anafasa 1/ meiosis 1 1 Aitps://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 72FORM 5: CHAPTER 5. KELANTAN 2014 = P6 Lalu menghasikan sperma/ovum yang mempunyal Nombor kromosom yang abnormal / n#1 / n~1 1 - PT Persenyawaan antara ovum normal dan sperma n-1 ‘menghasilkan zigot dengan 47 kromosom//kromosom ‘seks XXY Max 6 ‘Jumiah markah 20 End... ‘ttps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 73FORM 5: CHAPTER 5. KEDAH 2013 Diagram 7.1 shows the blood group of a married couple and their offspring. ‘The couple has three boys and one girl but all of them have different types of blood group. Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan jenis kumpulan darah bagi satu keluarga, Pasangan tersebut ‘mempunyai tiga anak lelaki dan seorang anak perempuan dengan kumpulan darah yang berbeza. Father Mother Bapa tou Blood ‘Blood group A Group B Blood Blood Blood ‘Blood group AB ous group 0 roup A Pp a R s Diagram 7.1 Rajah 7.1 {a) State the alleles that determine the ABO blood group. ‘Nyatakan ale-alel yang menentukan kumpulan darah ABO. [2 marks / markah] (b) i) Based on Mendes First Lew , with the’help of Punnet square schematic diagram , explain why the blood of each member in the family is different Berdasarkan Hukum Mendel yang pertama dan dengan bantuan rajah segiempat Punnet, terangkan kenapa setiap ahli dalam keluarga tersebut mempunyai jenis darah yang berbeza. [4 marks / markah] Male offspring P lost plenty of blood during an accident. He needs to replace the blood lost. Explain why her parents are not suitable donors to offspring P. Anak lelaki P kehilangan banyak darah dalam satu kemalangan, Beliau perlu menggantikan darah yang hilong. Terangkan mengapa ibubapanya bukan penderma yong sesual kepada anak P. [4 marks / markah} ————————— Aitps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 74FORM 5: CHAPTER 5. KEDAH 2013 (d) Colour blindness is a defect in which the person cannot distinguish red and green colours. It is a sexclinked disease which can be inherited. Anormal man has a wife who is a carrier of colour blindness. With the help of a schematic diagram, explain the possibility genetic combination (phenotype) of their children to inherit colour blindness ‘Buta warna ialah satu kecacatan di mana seseorang itu tidak dapat membezakan warna ‘merch don hijau. 1a merupakan penyakit gen terangkai seks yang boleh diwarisl Seorang lelaki normal mempunyai seorang isteri pembawa buta warna, Dengan bantuan rajah skematik,, terangkan kemungkinan kombinas! genetic (fenotip) untuk ‘anak mereka mewarisi buta warna [10 marks / markah] a ‘https:/jrickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 75FORM 5: CHAPTER 5. KEDAH 2013 QUESTION MARKING CRITERIA 308] TOTAL NO. Manes | MARKS 7 ‘Able to state alleles that determine the ABO blood group 1 ‘Sample answer (a)_| 1. The ABO blood Is controlled by two alleles I*/® L 2. Allele and I are codominant to allele I° which is recessive. 3. can be expressed equally in the phenotype of the heterozygous | 1 offspring. Any 2 ‘Able to state the genotype of the parents ‘Able to show the formation of gamete during meiosis using a ‘schematic diagram. Able to explain why the blood group type is different for each member in the family Sample answer Parents Father X Mother Phenotype Blood Group A Blood group B Genotype we ee 1 Gametes \ Meiosis / \ 1 Gomete B ® e 1 Random fertilization 1 Offspring 1 Genotype. ATE RP PP rr Phenotype: blood AB: bloodB : bloodA : blood O 1 Phenotyperatio: 2: 1: 4: 4 1 Max 4 Every child in this family has 25% chances of getting different blood | 1 group. Any 4. (c)__| Father has blood group A; he has antigen A and antibody Bin his blood. | 1 ‘Mother has blood group B, she has antigen B and antibody Ainher | 1 blood P has blood group O, he has no antigen A or B but has both antibody A_| 1 and B in his blood \f father is the donor, agglutination will occur as P's antibody A will T react with father’s antigen A mother Is the donor, agglutination will also occur as P's antibody 8 | 1 will eact with mother's antigen 8, max: 4 ‘otal 10 @ | The allele for colour blindness is recessive. I Found on the X chromosome. I Mother is a carrier carrying one recessive allele for colour blindness and | _1 ee ‘https:/jwickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 76FORM 5S: CHAPTER 5. KEDAH 2013 ‘one dominant allele for normal vision // P's mother : XX" Father is normal carrying one dominant allele for normal vision inhisX [1 chromosome and none in his Y chromosome // P’s father : XY Let X* represents the X chromosome carrying the colour blind allele. [| Let X represents the X chromosome carrying the normal allele, XY normal male XY: colour bind male XX: normal female 20%: carrier (normal) female XOX : colour blind fernale. ‘Sample answer Parents Father X Mother Phenotype ‘Normal male Carrier female 1 Genotype xY xX J\ mf fertilization 1 Offspring Genotype XX Xx* XY XY I Offspring Phenotype: Normal female Carrier female Normal male Colour blind 1 50% of the males are colour blind while 100% of the females are normal. ‘Any 10 | 10 ‘itps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 77FORM 5: CHAPTER 5 KEDAH 2012 9 (a) Diagram 9.1 shows four varieties of oil palm in the collection of an Agricultural Centre. A farmer plans to plant oil palm with thick flesh and thick husk. He decided to use cross breeding method. Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan empat jenis baka kelopa sawit yang disimpan dalam satu Pusat Pertanian. Seorang pengusaha ladang ingin menanom kelapa sawit yang bersabut tebal dan berisi tebal. Dia membuat keputuson untuk menggunakan kaedoh Pengacukan Bersilang. PiPalm Variety | Genotype Phenotype se Genotip Fenotip ora bhFF Tock ah tebe ‘Thin husk / Sabut nipis: ora hhef Thick flesh / 1s tebaY _ Thick husk/Sabut tebal ors HEE Thin flesh / Is nipis ‘Thick husk/Sabut tebol ope HhFF Thick flesh/ Isi tebo! —|_ Key: H : Represents dominant allele for thick husk Represents dominant allele for thick flesh. Petunjuk : H : mewakill alel dominan bagi sabut tebal : mewakili alel dominan bagi isi teba! Diagram 9.1 Rojah 9.4 (1) Explain by using a Punnet square, which two varieties should the farmer choose from the Agricultural Centre for the cross breeding to ensure that all the offspring Produced are thick husk and thick flesh. {6 marks ] Terangkan dengan menggunakon segiempat Punnet, yang manakah dua jenis kelapa sawit yang pengusaha ladang itu harus pilih dari Pusat Pertanian untuk dikacukkan bog! memastikan semua anak pokok yang dihasilkan adalah bersabut tebal dan berisi tebal. [6 markah) oo Ahttps://vickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 78FORM 5: CHAPTER 5 KEDAH 2012 (il) A farmer came to the Agricultural Centre to ask for consultancy, he plans to plant oil palms with thick husk and thin flesh. Expiain a method that the farmer can use to produce a big number of the oil palm in a short period of time. [8 marks} Seorang pengusaha ladang dotang ke Pusat Pertanian itu untuk mendapatkan ‘khidmat pakar rujuk, dio bercadong untuk menanam kelapa sawit yang bersabut tebal dan berisi nipis. Terangkon satu kaedah yang pengusaha ladang itu boleh gunakan untuk menghasilkan sejumlah besar kelopa sowit jenis itu dalam masa yang pendek. {8 markah } (b) Diagram 9.2 shows an albino boy in an African village. Rojah 9.2 menunjukkan seorang budak albino di sebuah perkampungan di Afrika. Albino boy Budak albino Explain why a pair of normal parents could produce an albino offspring. 16 marks } Terangkan kenapa sepasang suami ister! nermal boleh mefohirkan anak albino, [6 markah} hups://wickedbiology. wordpress.com - Page 79FORM 5: CHAPTER 5. KEDAH 2012 QUESTION (MARKING CRITERIA suB | TOTAL No MARKS | MARKS 9 P1 : Choose OP1 and OP3 (exi) a iametes from) oP1 Gametes ‘AF ‘AF AF AF From OP3 Hf HhFf HhFF HhFF HhFf HE ‘HbFE ‘HhFf HhFF HhFf HE whet | HRFF | HheF | HhFE HF Hhef | Hire | HnFF | HhFE 2 _ | :label the column in the table correctly. 1 P3_| :state or show OP1 produce gamete with genotype hF 1 pa __| :state or show OP3 produce gamete with genotype Hf 1 PS | :state or show the genotype of all ofthe offspring is 1 Her. P6 : phenotype of HhFf is thick husk and thick flesh 1 P7 all / 10096 of the offspring are thick husk and thick flesh. 1 6m {Any 6] (ani [Pa |: choose ops T P2 +: Use tissue culture technique 1 P3 Cut a small piece of leaf or shoot of OP3 1 4 |: Wash and treat with 10% decolouring/bleaching agent 1 P5 | : Cut the piece of leaf / shoot in small fragment 1 Pe : Transfer into sterile medium with suitable nutrients and 1 pH. 7 | : Keep in optimum temperature. 1 8 | :Plant cells divide through mitosis. 1 Po 1 : Produce many new cells and form callus ‘hutps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 80FORM 5: CHAPTER 5 KEDAH 2012 P10 |: Callus grow roots and form anew plant. 1 PLL | : New plants / offspring have same genetic materials as plant 1 P12 _| :all the new plants are thick husk and thin flesh. [Any 8] am 9(b) PL 1 P2 1 P38 joth the parents are carrier (Aa). a Pa notype of both the parents are heterozygote (Aa). 1 P5 | : Both the parents produce gametes that carry the 1 Allete for Albinisrn (a). 1 P6 |: Through meiosis. P7 | : The gametes fuse through fertilization and form the 1 zygote which is homozygote (aa). 1 [Any 6] 6m ‘Accept schematics diagram , reward P4, PS, P6 and P7 Total marks 20m biology. wordpress.com Page 81FORM 5: CHAPTER 6 PAHANG 2014 (SET B) cnne Keginaon Use 8 Diagram 8.1 shows different physical features of leaves and chickens. Pemeriisa Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan sifat fizikal yang berbeza untuk daun dan ayam. YF HF Wy Diagram 8.1 Rajah 8.1 (@) As the saying goes ‘variety is the spice of life’, and we are indeed blessed with a world full of diverse plants, animals, human beings and microorganisms, each unique in its own way. The difference between organisms of the same species are known as variation. Explain what will happen if variation is not exist. Kepelbagaian merupakan rencah kehidupan dan kita sepatuinya bersyukur dengan dunia yang dipenuhi dengan pelbagai tumbuhan, haiwan, mamusia dan mikroorganisma yang setiap satunya mempunyai keunikan tersendiri. Perbezaan di antara organisma dalam spesies yang sama dikenali sebagai variasi. Terangkan apakah yang akan berlaku jika variasi tidak wajud. [5 marks] [5 markah] (b) Diagram 8.2 (i) and (ii) show types of variation. Rajah 8.2 (i) dan (ii) menunjukkan jenis varias Diagram 82 Rajah 8.2 Based on Diagram 8.2, explain the differences between the variation. Berdasarkan Rajah 8.2, terangkan perbecaan di antara variasi tersebut. [6 marks] {6 markah]For Use FORM 5: CHAPTER 6 PAHANG 2014 (SET Untuk Kew segment lost segmen hilang Diagram 8.3 Rajah 8.3 (c) Diagram 8.3 shows chromosomal mutation which change in chromosome structure, Rajah 8.3 menunjukkan mutasi kromosom di mana perubahan dalam struktur kromosom. ) (Explain the process occurred and state factors that causes it Terangkan proses yang berlaku dan nyatakan faktor-faktor penyebabnya. [5 marks} [5 markah] @) centromer sentromer site of process X titik proses X chromatid . kromatid Diagrarh 8.4 Rajah 8.4 Explain the effects of the process shown in Diagram 8.4 on variation. Terangkan kesan-kesan proses seperti dalam Rajah 8.4 ke atas variasi. [4 marks] [A markah] hitps://wickedbiology.wordpress.comFORM S: CHAPTER 6 AMS CHAPTER6 PAHANG 2034 No Skema_ Marka 82 | Dapat menerangkan keadaan jika variasi tidak wajud Contoh jawapan Pi —suatu organism tidak dapat beradaptasi dengan baik (kepada persckitaran) P2 — organism tidak dapat menyamar (dalam persekitaran) // sebarang Penerangan yang sesuai berkaitan dengan ketiadaan penyamaran P3 — mudah dilihat/dikenalpasti oleh pemangsa // sebarang penerangan berkaitan dengan ketiadaan pemangsaan P4— kadar pembiakan semakin berkurangan PS ~ kurang bermandiri // menyebabkan kepupusan 5 b | Dapat menerangkan perbezaan di antara variasi selanjar dan variasi tidak selanjar Contoh jawapan Rajah 821 Rajah 8.211 Pi Variasi tidak selanjar PI Variasi selanjar P2 Menunjukkan ekstrem/perbezean | P2 Menunjulkan perubahan yang Iketara /tiada perantaraan beransur/kecil/ada perantaraan P3 Tidak boleh diukur /kualitaif | P3 Boleh diukur/Acuantitatif ‘P4 Lengkungan diskrit / graf diskrit [P4 Lengkungan bentuk loceng / Wearta palang // bukan taburan | lengkungan normal //taburan normal normal ‘PS Dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik |P5 Dipengaruhi oleh faktor persekitaran (dan faktor genetik) P6 Dikawal olch gen tunggal 7|P6 Dikawal oleh beberapa gen 77 Dikawal oleh sepasang alel Dikawal oleh beberapa pasang ale! 6 ci |Dapat menerangkan proses yang berlaku seperti dalam Rajah 83 dan menyatakan dua faktor penyebabnya Contoh jawapan P1 — mmtasi ialah perubahan (dalam turutan nukleotida DNA) secara spontarv/rawak pada kandungan genetik dalam sel organisma 2 — (gaulasi kromosom ialah) perubshan pada struktur kromosom / bilangan ‘kromosom semasa meiosis 3 — proses : pelenyapan 4 — fakior penyebab : sinaran:sinar X / gamma / UV / radiasi nuclear / sinaran radioaktif 5 ~ faktor penyebab : bahan kimia : benzena / formaldchid / karbon tetraklorida / asbestos / mustard gas / tar / racun perosak 5 ii | Dapat menerangkan Kesan-kesan proses seperti dalam Rajah 84 ke atas variasi Contoh jawapan P1~ proses X ialah pindah silang P2—pertukaran bahan genetik pada segmen kromatid 3 —Kkombinasi gen baru dihasilkan ‘P4 — kromatid berpisah semasa anafasa II P5—menghasilken gamet yang mempunyai kepelbagaian kombinasi gen PO ~ titik proses X ialah Kiasma Mana-manaempat| 4 ————— Aups:/fwickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 84FORM 5S: CHAPTER 6 TERENGGANU 2013 ‘94a)() Diagram 9.1 and 9.2 shows the histogram about distribution of genetic variation in human. a Rajah 9.1 dan 9.2 menunjukkan histogram mengenai taburan variasl genetik dalam ‘mamusia, Disgram 9.2 Rajah 9.2 With a suitable example, explain the diffrences of two kinds of varition. Dengan menggunakan contoh yang sesuai, terangkan perbesaan dl antara kedwa-chua varias tersebut. (7 marks} Gi) What isthe importance of variation to organism? Apakah kepentingan varias! kepada organism? B marks} (©) The varistion of ABO blood group determined by three different alleles, but en individual Wel gran en ie poured and the genotypes of the offspring ifthe father’s blood group is A andthe mater’ blood group ib. Variast dalam kumpulan darah ABO ditentukan olch tiga alel yang berbeza, tetapl zetlap individu hanya membawa dua daripada tiga alel tesebu. teranghan darah dan genotip Dengan gambarajah skema, kebarangkelian kumpulan ‘Pada nak jika ayaknya mempunyal Iumpulan darah A dan thu kumpulan darah B. [10 marks} ‘ttps://wickedbiology. wordpress.com Page 85FORM 5: CHAPTER 6 TERENGGANU 2013 Num SCORING CRITERIA. Remark a) Able to @ State the example of continuous variation and discontinuous variation and the difference of continuous variation and discontinuous variation Sample answer: Example of continuous variation: Height or weight Example of discontinuous variation: ABO blood group Differences Continuous variation Discontinuous variation Graf distribution shows anormal _ | Graf distribution shows a distribution discrete distribution ‘The characters are quantitative/ | The characters are qualitative can be measured and graded (from | / cannot be measured and one extreme to the other) graded (from one extreme to the other) Exhibits @ spectrum of phenotypes | Exhibits a few distinctive with intermediate character phenotypes with no intermediate character Influenced by environmental Ts not Influenced by factors environmental factors ‘A single genes determines the ‘Two or more genes control the same character differences in the traits of the character The phenotype is usually controlied Lby many pair of alleles The phenotype is controlled by apair of alleles Max 7 ‘ttps://wickedbiology.wordpress.com Page 86FORM 5: CHAPTER 6 TERENGGANU 2013 Gi Able to state the importance of variation to organism Sample answer: Pi}: variation provided better adaptation for organism to survive in the changing environment 1 2: variation are essential to the survival of species / to survive more successfully 1 3; variation be able to organism explore a new habitat 1 4: to ensure organism survival from 1 3 Any3 ’ Total 10 Nam ‘SCORING CRITERIA Mark | Remark '9(b) | Able to explain the possibilities of the blood group and the genotypes of the offspring when the father’s blood group is A and the mother’s blood group is B. ‘Sample answer: ‘There are four possibilities; (a) Parent’s genotype: e rx 4 P 1 Gamete ras & \4 1 3 Genotype F1 re 1 Phenotype F1 All offspring have Blood group AB (b) Parent’s genotype: \ nw x FY? 1 Gamete r Pr

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