SMM631102

HINTS/SOLUTIONS for M1108
(Conic Sections)
Classroom Discussion Exercise
1.
(d)
8.
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
(d)
(a cos60, a sin60)
a h g
represents a pair of lines if h b
g f
f =0
or abc + 2fgh af 2 bg 2 ch 2 = 0
Substituting the values, we get c = 2
If a the side of the triangle (a cos60, a sin60) is a

point on the parabola
2.
(b)
The center (-4, 2) is to be the mid point.

The other extremity is (-3,1).
3.
(d)
The centre of the circle is (3, 1).

All the given lines (a), (b) and (c) pass through this
point.
4.
(c)
a2 cos2 60 = 12a sin 60

12 sin 60
= 24 3
a=
cos2 60
9.
(a)
Let O be the circumcentre of triangle ABC

A
OA = OB = OC = r (radius)
ABC is equilateral
O is also the centroid
O divides AD in ratio 2 : 1
O
AD =
3
r
2
5.
(b)
6.
(b)
7.
(d)
The required locus is the directrix whose

10
equation is y +
=0
4
2y + 5 = 0
11. (b)
y 2 = kx 8
8
= k x
k
Directrix is x = 1
k
=1
4
k=4
Foci are (a, 0) and (0, a)

Slope = 1.
5
3
10. (b)
3r .
Focus is (2, 0)
directrix is x + 2 = 0
Distance = 4.
b2
a2
4
5
= 1
=
9
9
e=
In triangle ABC, sin 60 = AD/AB
AB =
e2 = 1
y=6
12. (a)
The focus (0,
k = 1.
(0, 4)
1
) lies on the line
4
13. (d)
PA + PB = 2a = 6.
14. (a)
b=c
P(x, y)
b =c
S (0, 2)
45o
a2 c 2 = c 2
(6 y )2
x 2 + (y 2 )2 = (6 y )2
x 2 + (y 2)2 =
x 2 + 8 y 32 = 0
Aliter:
a=2
equation of the parabola is x2 = 8 (y 4)
x2 + 8y 32 = 0
2c 2 = a2
c
1
e= =
a
2
SP = PM
15. (d)
Let the equation be
x2
a
45o
y2
b2
=1
2b2
=1
a
2
2b = a
1
1
+ 2 =1
Also
2
2a
4b
Given
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1
2a2
1
=1
2a
20. (d)
1
a=1 b =
2
Thus the equation is x2 + 2y2 = 1
a2
a
=
b
b2
16.
(d)
e2 1
21. (b)
y = mx a2m2 + b2
2 = 2m 9m 2 + 4
(2 2m)2 = 9m2 + 4
4 + 4m2 8m = 9m2 + 4
5m2 + 8m = 0
m2 = 8
tan =
m1 m2
1 + m1m2
22. (c)
17. (c)
e 4e 2 + 4 = 0
4
23. (d)
24. (d)
b
F2
2c
Distance between the foci, F1 F2 = 2c

Area is maximum when P in the minor axis.
1
Area = 2c b = bc = b a2 b2 .
2
x2
y2
=1
k 5 6k
It represents a hyperbola iff 5 < k < 6
The equation is
k + 1 = (2k + 1)
i.e. 3k = 2
2
k=
3
x
y
+
=1
r 3 6r
It represents an ellipse if and only if r > 3 and r < 6
F1
19. (c)
e2 2 2 = 0
18. (c)
For rectangular hyperbola e = 2

e2 = 2
8
8
= 5 =
1+ 0 5
2
For the hyperbola,

64
36
, b2 =
25
25
b2 = c 2 a2
c2 = a2 + b2 = 4 where (c, 0) is the focus.
c=2
Now for the ellipse,
a2 = 25,
b2 = a2 c 2
= 21
a2 =
i.e. y = mx 9m2 + 4
It passes through (2, 2)
m1 = 0,
x2 y2
+
=1
9
4
Any tangent to the ellipse is
a2
a e2 1
2
25. (a)
x
= cos
0.5
y
= sin
0 .5
4x2 + 4y2 = 1
which is a circle
P(x,
x
= cos t + sin t
4
y
= cos t sin t
4
2
x
y
2
2
3 + 4 = 2 cos t + sin t

x2 y2
+
= 1 , an ellipse.
18 32
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Regular Homework Exercise

1.
(d)
a = 1, b = 1, c = k
f = 1, g = 0, h = 0
abc + 2fgh af2 bg2 ch2= 0
k 1 = 0
k = 1
1
2
Also a = 4
e=
Now b2 = a2 1 e2
b = 12
2
2.
(c)
3.
(b)
b=2 3
Let (x2, y2) be the other end of the diameter. Then

the equation of the circle is
(x 2) (x x2) + (y 3) (y y2) = 0
x 2 + y 2 (x 2 + 2)x (3 + y 2) y + 2x 2 + 3y 2 =0
Comparing with the given equation, x 2 = 2 and
y 2 = 3.
The other extremity is (2, 3).
length of the minor axis, 2b = 4 3
12. (c)
2a = 5(2b)
a = 5b
b2 = a2 (1 c2)
a2 b2
c2 =
Aliter
B
(, )
(0, 3)
O
A
(2, 3)
13. (d)
+2
= 0 = -2
2
+3
= 3 = 3.
2
4.
(b)
6.
(d)
(a)
Given (2, -4) lies on y2 = 4ax

8a = 16 or a = 2
Length of semi-latus rectum = 2a = 4
a=4
Vertex (0, 8) lies on the y-axis.
Required parabola is
(x - 0)2 = -4 4 (y 8)
i.e., x2 + 16y = 128
(d)
The eccentricity of a parabola is 1
8.
(a)
y2 = 12x a = 3
Focal distance of any point (x, y) on y2 = 4ax is
x+a
Given x + 3 = 4
x=1
(b)
10. (a)
11. (d)
Vertex is (0, 0)
Let (, ) be the other extremity of the chord.
Then, = 2p and = 2q
Now (2p, 2q) is a point on y2 = 4x
(2q)2 = 4.2p
q2 = 2p
The foci of the given parabolas are( 0, 6) and
(6, 0). The midpoint (3, 3) must lie on the line
joining these foci .
a
= 16
e
2ae = 4
1
e2 =
4
2
b2
a
24b 2
25b 2
b2
a2
a2 1 e2
a2
e2 + e 1 = 0
7
=0
2
7.
9.
2ae = 2
e=
e=
Centre is 2,
2
5.
24
5
e=
The given circle is

x 2 + y 2 + 4x 5y +
e=
1 1+ 4
2
e =
1 5
2
5 1
since e > 0
2
14. (a) If S, S are the foci and P is a point on the ellipse,

then SP + SP = 2a
15. (b)
x2 y2
+
=1
6
4
e2 =
=
a2 b2
a2
1
3
e=
16. (a)
1
3
x2 y2
=1
8
2
a= 2 2,b=
Length of the latus rectum =
17. (c)
2b2
22
=
= 2 .
a
2 2
x2
y2
1
=
144 81 25
12
9
a=
,b =
5
5
Foci are ( a e,o)
b2 = a2(e2 1)
Consider
ae =
a2 + b 2 = 3
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Foci of the ellipse
x2 y2
+
= 1 are ( 3, 0)
16 b2
19. (a)
Required hyperbola is
ae = 3
b2 = a2 (1 e2)
18. (a)
x2
4b
y2
=1
b2
x 4y = 4b
(5, 2) is a point on this hyperbola.
3
b = and a = 3
2
Required equation is x2 4y2 = 9
= a a e
=7
2
a = 2b
2 2
b2
= 4 b2 = 4a
a
b2 = a2(e2 1) a = 5
20. (a)
b= 2 5
The equation of the hyperbola is
x2 y2
=1
25 20
x
= cos
15
y
= sin
10
4x2 5y2 = 100
15
x
y
+
=1
225 100
P(x, y)
10
4x2 + 9y2 = 900
Assignment Exercise
1.
(a)
a b
Centre =
,
= (1, 3 )
2
2
2
r=
b2
= 4a
4
3
b
2
b= 8 3 a
a b
+
9
2 2
7.
(b)
O
=1
a2 + b2
2.
(d)
r=
3.
(c)
Solving x2+y2 = 4 and x2 + y2 + 4x 12 = 0,

we get x = 2, y = 0
4.
(c) y2 = 8x a = 2
a + x = 10 x = 8
When x = 8, y2 = 64
y=8
5.
(d)
2.5
x2 =
(b)
y
b
300
A
Let AB = b
5
x=
4
width = 2x =
Vertex is (0, 0) and focus is (0, 2).

1
Area = 8 2 = 8
2
300
Equation of the parabola is x2 = ay.

At the point A (2.5, 10), 6.25 = a (10)
5
a = 0.625 =
8
5
x2 = y
8
At the point 2 m below the vertex, y = 2.
6.
8.
(d)
Let the ellipse be
5
2
5 .
x2
2
a
Focal distance = 2ae
Minor axis = 2b
2ae = 2b
b = ae
y2
b2
= 1, a > b > 0
2b2
= 20 b2 = 10a
a
Now a2 (1 - e2) = b2
a2 a2 e2 = b2
a2 b2 = b2
a2 = 2b2
a2 = 20a
a = 20
Latus rectum =
3 b
b2 = 10 a = 200 b = 200
B is the point (b cos30, b sin30) =
b, .
2
This is a point on y2 = 4ax

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===================================================================================================
x2
y2
+
= 1.
400
200
i.e., x2 + 2y2 = 400.
Required ellipse is
9.
(b)
10. (c)
Let O, A, and S represent the centre, vertex and

the focus respectively
OS = ae, OA = a
1
Given OA =
OS
2
1
ie; a = ae e = 2
2
b2 = a2 (e2 1) = a2 (4 1) = 3a2
Required equation is 3x2 y2 = 3a2.
14. (c)
x and y axes are the transverse axes of the given

hyperbolas
Angle between them =

2
x2 y2
+
=1
16
4
a=4
PA + PB = 2a = 8
a = 7, b = 3
b2 = a2 1 e2
9 = 49 1 e2
2 10
7
Area of triangle PAB is maximum when P is an
extremity of the minor axis. In this case,
1
Area = 2ae b = aeb
2
e =
= 7
11. (b)
13. (b)
15. (a)
xy=1
2 10
3 = 6 10
7
xy=3
O
x+y=4
O is the mid point of AC

1
5
O is ,
2 2
3
.
2
12. (b)
5 1
C ,
2 2
5 3
,
2 2
2b2
1
=
(2b)
a
2
a = 2b
e=
x+y=2
2a = 8
a=4
Radius =
5 5 1 1
+ + = 1
2 2 2 2
2
3
2
b2 = a2 (e21)
3
= 16 1 = 8
2
5
1
Equation of the circle is x + y = 1

2
2
e=
x2 5x +
25
1
+ y2 y + 1 = 0
4
4
2x 2 + 2y 2 10x 2y + 11 = 0 .
b = 2 2 2b = 4 2
Additional Practice Exercise

1.
(a)
2.
(a)
3.
(d)
Point of intersecting of the pair of straight lines

given by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is
hf bg gh af
,
. Substituting we get (1, 1)

ab h2 ab h2
m 1
=
n
2
6.
(c)
The equation of the parabola is x2 = 2y.

The point (2, 2) lies on this parabola.
7.
(a)
x2 = ay
1= 3a
1
a=
3
r1 = 1
r2 =
12 + 32 + 6 = 4
r3 = 22 + 62 + 9 = 7
r1, r2, r3 are in AP
4.
5.
(b)
(c)
x2 =
1
= 4
y
12
The points are A (a, 0) and B (0, b).

The required equation is
(x a) (x 0) + (y 0) (y b) = 0
or x 2 + y 2 = ax + by.
The centres are (2, 3) and (1,6)
m (6 ) + n.3
=0
m+n
1
y
3
Directrix is y =
1
12
i.e 12y 1 = 0
8.
(b)
Result
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9.
(a)
The focus of the parabola is , 0

4
This lies on the line 2x y 8 = 0

a
8 = 0
2
a = 16
a
= 4.
4
The directrix is x + 4 = 0.
10. (c)
11. (c)
12. (b)
13. (b)
17. (b)
Given that 4a = 2 a =
Mid point of SS is the centre.
19. (c)
Ellipse becomes a circle when b = a

e2 =
20. (a)
a2
y2
b2
21. (a)
15. (b)
The equation of the ellipse is
22. (b)
16. (b)
a2
b2
x2
9b
23. (b)
a2
Solving the equations, we get x = 4, y = 3
25. (b)
Given e = 2 and 2ae = 24 2

a = 12
the equation of the hyperbola is x2 y2 = a2
(since e = 2 , a = b )
=1
i.e; x 2 + 9 y 2 = 9b2
2 2
,
Since it passes through 1,
1 + 8 = 9b2 b2 = 1
Equation is x2 + 9y 2 = 9
16 4
24. (a)
= 1 where a = 3b
b2
b2
45
F O
x2 y2
+
= 12
64 4
a = 8, b = 2
2a = 16, 2b = 4
Given 4k =
k=2
= 2
y2
e2 = 1 e2
ie; 2e2 = 1
1
e=
2
b= 2
Area = abe = 2
y2
OF
OB
b = ae
b
e=
a
x2
tan 45 =
Again e2 = 1
x2 y2
+
=1
4
2
2 = 4(1e2)
1
e=
2
1
x2
y2
+
=1
100 50
i.e., x2 + 2y2 = 100
a2 = 5, b2 = 4
b2 = a2(1e2)
4 = 5(ae)2
ae = 1
2ae = 2
ae = 2
2b2
= 10
a
a = 10
b2 = 50.
SS = 2ae
S is (ae, 0) and A is (0, b)
14. (d)
Given b = c
b2 = a2 c2 a2 = 2b2
Also given that
=1
AS = b2 + a2 e2 = a
Given that the triangle is equilateral.
2ae = a
1
e=
.
2
The diameters of an ellipse passes through its

centre and is bisected at it. Here the centre is
Let S, S be the foci and A be the end point of the

+
a2
(0, 0). Thus the other end is 2 3 , 4
a = 17, ae = 15
b2 = a2(1e2) = a2a2e2 = 172152 = 64
b=8
2b = 16
x2
a2 b2
=0
For ellipse r1=
minor axis of
1
2
18. (a)
The directrices are x = 2 and y = 2 They intersect

at (2, 2)
23
=3
2
For parabola r2 = 6
r2 = 2r1.
2b2
a
=2
Latus rectum of the ellipse =
ie; x2 y2 = 144
26. (d)
For the ellipse,

3 = 4(1e2)
1
e=
2
Foci are (0, ae) ie; (0, 1) and (0, 1)
For the hyperbola, 3 = 4(e2 1)
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===================================================================================================
e=
7
2
16 2
a
5
Hence from (1),
25
5
=1
a2
2a
b2 =
Foci are ( ae, 0). ie;
( 7 ,0) and (
7 ,0
1
1
Area = 2 7 2 ( Area =
d1 d2).
2
2
27. (b)
28. (a)
ae = a + b
29. (b) Solving the equations of the lines, their point of

intersection is (5, 4).
25 16
2 2 = 1 (1)
a
b
Now,
2 a + 5a 25 2 = 0
5 25 + 200
2 2
a=
b2 =
16 2
5
Foci are 10 , 0
a a2 = 0
a=
x 2 y2
=1
6
4
Foci are ( ae, 0)
2
25
=2 7
5 15
2 2
5
2
= 16
b = 4.
30. (d)
2b2 32 2
=
a
5
Being a rectangular hyperbola, statement (a) and

(b) are true.
Also a = 2
2 ae= 4 2
(c) is also true.

(Permutation & Combinations)
1.
2.
3.
(d)
(d)
(c)
The digit in hundreds place can be filled in 9

ways , the digit in tens place can be filled in 9
ways and the digit in the units place can be filled
in 8 ways.
Total number of numbers = 9 x 9 x 8 = 648.
The answers can be marked in 125 ways , out of
which only one way will yield the required
condition. Hence the number of ways in which a
student fails to get all the answers correct is
125 1 = 124 ways.
7.
(a)
8.
(b)
n ! (n 1) ! 6
n = 6.
=
1!
1!
P3 = 24
There are 3 even positions and two vowels
number of arrangements is
9.
(a)
P2 . 5 ! = 720
Number of 4 digit numbers that can be formed

using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ,6, 7 is 8 P4
The number of 4 digit numbers without 3 is

8 9 9 9 5832.
Total number of 4 digit numbers = 9000.
The number of 4 digit numbers with at least one
3 is (9000 5832 = 3168).
Among them, 7 P3 numbers start with 0.

Required number of numbers = 8 P4 7P3
= 1470
4.
(d)
38808 = 2 3 7 11.
Consider the factor 23. Now, any of 2 0, 21, 22, 23
can be a factor of 38808.
Arguing similarly, number of proper divisors of
38808 is 4 3 3 2 2 = 70.
10. (b)
The vowels a and u can be arranged in 2! ways.

Considering the vowels together as a single letter
there are 5 letters, which can be arranged in 120
ways.
Total number of words = 120 2 = 240.
5.
(c)
As each digit can be either 0 or 1, there are 2n

possible sequences. But the sequence with all 0s
11. (c)
The number of ways in which n things can be

arranged in a row, if p of them are alike of one
kind, q are alike of another kind, r alike of the third
n!
and so on is
p ! q ! r !....
is not acceptable. Thus there are 2n 1

sequences with at least one non zero digit.
6.
(c)
n!
(n 1)!
=
6
(n - (n - 1))! ((n 1) (n 2))!
Required number of arrangements =
17 !
7 ! 6! 4 !
= 4084080
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nd
Triumphant Institute of Management Education Pvt. Ltd. (T.I.M.E.) HO: 95B, 2 Floor, Siddamsetty Complex, Secunderabad 500 003.
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12. (a)
Total number of arrangements = 7! = 5040

Number of arrangements with the vowels together
= 2 6! = 1440.
Hence, the number of arrangements where the
vowels are not together = 5040 1440 = 3600.
13. (d)
Number of tickets required = 2 15 C2 = 210.
14. (a)
Required Number of ways = 7C4 x 3C1 = 105.
15. (d)
The two persons can travel in two different buses

in 2 ways. Now, the remaining 3 passengers for a
particular bus can be selected in 6C3 ways.
Required number of ways = 2 x 6C3.
16. (c)
The problem is selecting 9 players from 18

players.
Number of ways = 18C9.
17. (c)
Total number of parallelograms = 10C2 7C2

10 9 7 6
=
1 2
1 2
= 945.
18. (c)
Number of triangles formed =
25. (d)
C r 2 + 2 . n C r 3 + n C r 4
= n Cr 2 +n Cr 3 +n Cr 3 +n Cr 4
= n+1Cr 2 +n+1 Cr 3
[using n Cr +n Cr 1 =n+1 Cr ]
=
n+ 2
Cr 2
12
C3 7C3 = 185
19. (d) A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of the digits is

divisible by 9. We observe that the sum of the
digits of a five digit number which is formed using
the digits 0, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 is greater than or equal
to 17 and less than or equal to 32 (since 0 + 2 + 3
+ 5 + 7 = 17 and 3 + 5+ 7+ 8+ 9 = 32). So we
group the given digits into groups of five elements
such that their sum is 18 or 27. The possible
groups are (i) 0,2,3,5,8
(ii) 0,3,7,8,9
and (iii) 2,3,5, 8,9.
96 (= 4 4 3 2 1) numbers can be formed
from the first two groups each and 120 (= 5!)
numbers can be formed from the third.
Total number of required type of numbers
= 96 2 + 120 = 312.
20. (c)
Required number of ways = 4 C3 6 C2 + 4 C4 6 C1
= 66
11
11
C 111 =
11
21. (c)
Max
22. (c)
There are 4 even places and 4 even digits

(2, 2, 6, 6)
4!
= 6 different ways
They can be arranged in
2! 2!
Cr =
C5
= 462
The remaining 5-places can be filled by using the

5!
5-digits 7, 7, 3, 3, 3 in
= 10 different ways
2! 3!
23. (d)
24. (a)
Total number of numbers = 6 10 = 60.

12 books can be divided among 4 persons such
12!
that each gets 3 books in
= 369600 ways
(3!)4
Considering all the Ds together as a single unit,

there are 11 letters in which N repeats thrice and
E repeats 4 times.
11!
required number of arrangements =
3!4!
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1.
(a)
Required number = 63 = 216.
10. (c)
The six letters can be arranged in 6! ways.
2.
(d)
Total number of words = 7 6 5 4 = 840

Number of words ending in H = 120
number of words not ending in H = 840 120
= 720
11. (a)
3.
(d)
n (n 1) (n 2) (r + 2) (r + 1)
n (n 1) (n 2 ) ... (r + 2 ) (r + 1) r (r 1) ...2 1
=
1 2 3 ... r
The combinations are

1 officer + 3 jawans C (3, 1) C (5, 3)
2 officers + 2 jawans C (3, 2)C (5, 2)
3 officers + 1 jawan = C (3, 3) C (5, 1)
Total number of selections = 3 10 + 3 10 + 5
= 65.
12. (a)
Number of points = m
A straight line can be drawn by using any two
points.
=
4.
(a)
n!
.
r!
The thousands digits can be 1 or 2 or 3.

Number of numbers with 1 at thousands place
= 5 5 5 = 125
Similarly there are 125 numbers each with 2 and 3
at thousands place.
Also we should exclude 1000 and include 4000.
Required number of numbers = 3 125 1 + 1
= 375
5.
6.
(c)
(a)
Each question can be dealt in three different

ways. The four questions can be attempted in 34
ways; which includes not answering any question
(1 way).
Required number of ways = 34 1
= 80
r
Pr nPn r = r!
= r!
Required number of selections =
14. (b)
Number of selections with at least one lady

= (total number of selections) (number of
selections with no ladies)
C2
C3 6 C2 = 60
= 10 C5 6 C5 = 246
15. (c)
Required number
= 10 C4 + 10C5 + 10 C6 + ... + 10 C10
= 210
10
C0 +10 C1 +10 C2 +10 C3
= 848
16. (b)
C0 + 5C1 + 5C2 + 5C3 + 5C 4 + 5C5 = 25

=32
10
C0 +10 C1 +10 C 2 .... 10C9 +10 C10 = 210
10
C0 +10 C1 + ...... +10 C9 = 210 10C10

= 210 1
n!
= n! .
r!
18. (b)
(b)
Given 4 nP3 = 5 n 1P3

Solving, n = 15.
8.
(a)
There are 4 odd places and 3 consonants

They can be arranged in 4P3 ways. Remaining 5
places can be arranged using the remaining 5
vowels in 5P5 = 5! ways.
Total number of arrangements = 4P3 5!
= 2880.
(d)
13. (c)
7.
9.
17. (d)
n!
[n (n r ) ]
total number of straight lines =
Required number of ways = 3 C2 . 5 C2 + 3 C3 . 5 C1
= 30 + 5 = 35.
8!
2! 4 ! 2!
= 420
19. (c)
Required number of arrangements =
20. (b)
Required number of straight lines = 10 C2 5 C2 + 1

= 36.
The 9 letters can be arranged in 9! ways. The

letters I and N repeat twice.
9!
9!
Number of permutations =
=
2!2! 4
Assignment Exercise
1.
2.
(c)
There are two vowels A and U.

Considering AU as a single unit, there are 6
elements. They can be arranged in 6! 2 = 1440
ways.
4 3 2 = 24 ways
Ending in 2:
3 3 2 = 18 ways
Total number of even numbers are 24 + 18 = 42
(d)
The numbers should end either in 0 or in 2.

Ending in 0:
3. (a) The selection may or not contain apple.
===================================================================================================

===================================================================================================
Number of ways of selecting the fruits without

apple = 1
Number of ways of selecting the fruits with apple
= 4 C1 4C3 = 16.
Total number of selections = 1 + 16
= 17
4.
(a)
The required numbers should be 4-digit numbers,

starting with 4.
Given digits are 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
As digits can repeat, each of the remaining 3
places can be filled in 6 ways.
total ways are 6 6 6 = 216
5.
(d)
Required Number of arrangements = 8 P5 = 6720
6.
(c)
r! nCr = nPr
nCr = nPr r! = 1
r = 0 or 1
Solving n = 14, 7.
Given that
12. (a)
Number of triangles with m points =
(d)
8.
(a)
9.
(d)
10. (d)
C3
n of the m points are collinear

Number of triangles formed =
3
13. (a)
C i . 3 C j = 3 C1
i, j=1, i j
+ 3 C2
(C
(C+
3
C3 n C3
+ 3 C3
(C+
C3 + 3 C3
C2
= 30.
14. (a)
15. (b)
7.
n(n 3)
= n n3 = 2 n = 5
2
11. (d)
Total number of words = 8C3 5C2 5!

= 67200.
Total number of rectangles = 8 C2 8 C2 = 784.
3 ladies and 4 men can be selected from 8 ladies

and 7 men in
C 3 7 C 4 = 1960 ways.
The number of committees in which Mrs. X and

Mr. Y always serve together in the committee is
The available choices

= 6C4 8C6 + 6C5 8C5 + 6C6 8C4
= 826
First prize can be given in 4 ways, 2nd prize can be
given in 4 ways and so on
total number of ways is = 45 = 1024
C2 6 C3 = 420
Hence the number of committees where Mrs. X

and Mr.Y are never together = 1960 420 = 1540.
2 nC 5 = nC 4 + nC 6.
Simplifying we get n 2 21n + 98 = 0.

1.
2.
3.
(b)
(a)
(c)
The last two digits should be divisible by 4. They

can be 04, 12, 16, 20, 24, 32, 36, 40, 52, 56, 60,
64
The number of numbers ending in 04 = 5 4 = 20
Total number of numbers = 208
There are 7 letters; 3 vowels and 4 consonants.
There are three even places and four odd places.
The 3 vowels can be arranged in the three even
places in 3! ways. The 4 consonants can be
arranged in the four odd places in 4! ways.
Required number of numbers = 3! 4!
= 144
Sum = (sum of all digits) (n 1)! (111 . n times)
Here, n = 4
sum = (3 + 4 + 5 + 6) (4 1)! (1111)
= 18 6 1111
= 119988.
4.
(b)
5.
(c)
To be divisible by 5, the numbers should end in 0

or 5
Number of numbers ending in 0 = 6 5 4 3
= 360
Number of numbers ending in 5 = 5 5 4 3
= 300
Total = 360 + 300 = 660
n
Cr 1
Cr
Cr
(d)
7.
(c)
r
= 1 n = 2r 1
n r +1
=2
(1)
r +1
= 2 2n = 3r +1
nr
(2)
Cr +1
Solving (1) & (2), we get r = 3.
If C (n, a) = C (n, b), either a = b or a + b = n
Hence n = 12 + 8 = 20
n
6.
= 1
91
6
(n 3 ) C = 4
3
n (n 1) (n 2) = 30 91 = 15 14 13
n = 15.
8.
(a)
n+4
Cn + 1 n + 3Cn = 15 ( n + 2)
(n + 4 ) (n + 3) (n + 2) (n + 3 ) (n + 2) (n + 1)
6
6
= 15(n + 2)
3n + 9 = 90
n = 27
C4 + 2 . 20C3 + 20C2 22C18

= 20C4 + 20C3 + 20C3 + 20C2 22C18
= 21C4 + 21C3 22C18
===================================================================================================
9.
(d)
20

===================================================================================================
= 22C4 22C18
= 22C18 22C18
=0
10. (d)
C2
n =2
P2
These 6 letters can be arranged in 6! ways and

the vowels among themselves can be arranged in
3! ways.
total number of ways = 6! 3! = 4320
22
C4 = 22C22 4 )
1 1 1
+ + + .... nPr = r! nCr
2 2 2
20. (b)
11. (d)
32
n
Cr = 70 and nPr = 1680
1680 = r! 70
r! = 24
r=4
Now,
2n
n
C3
= 34 C4 +34 C3 +35 C3 +36 C3

= 35 C4 +35 C3 + 36 C3
P4 = 1680
C2
= 36C 4 + 36 C3
= 37 C4
44
3
21. (b)
The digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 can be divided into two

groups as (i) group containing 3 and (ii) group not
containing 3.
Group containing 3 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (sum =15).
Possible number of numbers = 5! =120
Group not containing 3 is 0, 1, 2, 4, 5 (sum = 12)
Possible number of numbers = 4 4! = 96
Total number of numbers = 120 + 96 = 216.
22. (b)
The candidate can either choose one question

each from any two sections and 3 questions from
the other section or he can choose 2 each from
any two sections and one question from the third,
(i) (1, 1, 3) or (1, 3, 1) or (3, 1, 1).
Number of selections = 3 5C1 5C1 5C3
= 750
(ii) (1, 2, 2) or (2, 1, 2) or (2, 2, 1)
Number of selections = 3 5C1 5C2 5C2
= 150
Total number of selections = 750 + 1500
= 2250
23. (c)
The number of positive integer solutions of

x1 + x2 + .+ xr = n is n+r1Cr 1
Number of positive integral solutions of
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 20 is 20+41C41 = 23C3 = 1771
24. (d)
Let x1 = y1 + 2, x2 = y2 +2 and x3 = y3 +2
y1 + y2 + y3 = 8 where y1 0, y2 0 , y3 0
2n(2n 1)(2n 2 )
2.1
44
=
3. 2 .1
n (n 1)
3
2n 1 = 11
n=6
13. (a)
Each tossing of a coin has two possible outputs.

six throws result in 26 = 64 outputs.
14. (c)
50
15. (a)
In any arrangement with the letters of the word

EDUCATION, five slots will be occupied by the
C46 =50 C4 = 230300
vowels. We may select 5 places out of 9 in
C5
ways.
As the vowels will have to be in
alphabetical order, there can be only one internal
arrangement among them.
The four consonants can be arranged among
themselves in 4! ways.
Total number of arrangements = 9C5 4!
= 3024
16. (d)
X = nCr + nCr 1 + 3 [nCr 1 + nCr 2]

+ 3 [nCr 2 + nCr 3] + nCr 3 + nCr 4
= (n + 1) Cr + 3 (n + 1) Cr 1
+ 3 (n + 1) Cr 2 + (n + 1) Cr 3
= (n + 2) Cr + 2 [(n + 1) Cr 1 + (n + 1) Cr 2 ]
+ (n + 1) Cr 2 + (n + 1) Cr 3
= (n + 2) Cr + 2 (n + 2) Cr 1 + (n + 2) Cr 2
= (n + 2) Cr + (n + 2)Cr 1 + (n + 2)Cr 1
+ (n + 2) Cr 2
= (n + 3) Cr + (n + 3)Cr 1
= (n + 4)Cr.
r! X = r! n + 4 Cr = n + 4 Pr
17. (b)
C 4 + 32 C 3 + 33 C 3 + 34 C 3 + 35 C 3 + 36 C 3
= 33 C4 +33 C3 +34 C3 +35 C3 +36 C3
n(n 1)(n 3 ) = 8 7 6 5
n=8
12. (b)
Applying the summation from 5 to 1 in that order

we get
n(n 3 )
= 54
2
n = 12
18. (b)
Required number of ways of distribution

= number of ways of selecting 4 cards from 52
cards
= 52C4.
19. (a)
Consider the three vowels A, U, E as a single

letter.
Total number of letters of the given word = 6.
Total number of solutions = (8+31) C ( 31) = 45
25. (c)
26. (d)
27. (b)
Since, in all 15 out of 85 have already made their

choice, the problem reduces to selecting 30 (or
40) from the remaining 70 people
Required number of selections = 70C30
70!
=
30!40!
45 !
.
10 ! 15 ! 20 !
Initially, the two people who can row only on bow
side have to be sent there and the one person to
be sent on the stroke side. Of the remaining 5
people, 2 have to be sent on the bow side and 3
onto the stroke side which can be done in
5!
ways. Now each group can be arranged
3 ! 2!
among themselves on their respective sides in 4!
ways.
Thus the total number of arrangements
===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================
5!
4 ! 4 ! = 5760.
2! 3!
=
28. (a)
There are 4 odd places and 4 odd numbers.

These 4 numbers can be arranged in four places
4!
in
= 6 different ways.
2! 2!
The three even places can be filled by the three
3!
even numbers in
= 3 different ways.
2!
Total number of numbers = 6 3 = 18.
29. (b)
Using the formula

(n 1)! (a + b + c + ...) (1111...1) , we get
Required sum = 4 ! (1 + 2 + 3 + 5 + 9 ) (11111)

= 5333280
30. (c)
Required number of selections = (10 + 4 1) C10

= 13C10
= 286

(Binomial Theorem)
1.
(d)
(a + b)n will contain n+1 terms.
i.e., 4n 9r = 14 (2)
solving (1) and (2) we get n = 8
1 1
Hence, x 2 + x 3 will contain 9 terms.
5
2.
(b)
7.
(c)
Given that n C 4 , nC5 and n C6 are in A. P.

2 nC5 =n C4 +n C6
The middle term is the 3rd term

T3 = 4C2 . (3x)4-2 . 22 = 6 x 9x2 x 4 = 216.
n!
2
r
3.
(c)
1
Tr+! = 9Cr . (x2 )9-r .
x
= (1)r . 9Cr . x18-3r
18 3r = 0
r = 6.
T7 = (1)6 . 9C6 . = 84.
10 r
4.
(d)
(c)
x
Tr+1 = n Cr 2n r
3
2n r
= n Cr r
3
2n 7
2n8
C7 7 =n C8 8
3
3
n
n
C7
2n8
C8
8.
(c)
(b)
12
r
x
9.
(c)
10. (a)
37
Three successive terms of (1 + x)n are

Cr, nCr + 1, nCr + 2
n
n
nCr = 28
Cr + 1 = 56
Cr + 2 = 70
n
Cr +1
Cr
12
C5 x12 5 ( y )
56
nr
=2
28
r +1
i.e., n 3r = 2 (1)
C6 x12 6 ( y )
= 1
6! 6! x
= 1
5!7! y
x 5!7! 7
=
=
y 6!6! 6
(1 + 7 3 )
and 1 7 3 will have 10 terms each

and the even terms will cancel out on adding. The
odd terms will be equal; in both the expansions.
Hence, there are 5 different terms
n 1
Coefficient of x
in the expansion of
(x a1) (x a2 )... (x an ) is given by
(a1 + a 2 + ..... + an )
2n 7
n2 21n + 98 = 0
n = 7, 14
T
T6 + T7 = 0 6 = 1
T7
20
Coefficient of x
8
1
= n = 55
n7 6
6.
2
1
1
=
+
5(n 5 ) (n 4 )(n 5 ) 6 5
12 (n 4 ) = 30 + (n 4 )(n 5 )
But T8 = T9
2n7
2n8
n
C7 7 = n C8 8
3
3
n!
x
2
Tr+1 = 10Cr .
. 2
3

x
= 10Cr . x10-3r . 3r-10 . (2)r
Now , 10 3r = 4 r = 2
3rd term will contain x4
r
5.
n!
(n 5 )! 5! (n 4 )! 4! (n 6)! 6!
= (1 + 2 + ... + 21)
=
11. (c)
The
general
21 22
= 231.
2
term
in
the
expansion
of
(46 r )
3
23
2a + 3b 5
is 46Cr 246 r . 3r a 3
.b 5 .
For rational terms, both the powers of a and b

should be integers.
i.e., 46 r should be a multiple of 3 and r should
be a multiple of 5. Among the multiples of 5 upto
46
3r
70
n r 1 5
=
=
r+2
4
Cr +1 56
===================================================================================================
n
Again
Cr + 2

===================================================================================================
46, three of them will provide (46 r) is also a

multiple of 3. They are 10, 25 and 40.
numbers of rational terms in the given
expansion is only 3.
12. (b)
13. (d)
14. (c)
15. (b)
The number of terms in the expansion of

(3x 2y + z) n is (n + 1)(n + 2) .
2
(
n + 1)(n + 2)
= 36
Given
2
Solving we get n = 7
C0 + C1 + + C26 = 226 .
C1 + C2 . + C26 = 2261
21. (c)
(1002)n 2n = (1000 + 2)n 2n

= (1000 )n + nC1(1000 )n 1 2 + ..
n
C n 1(1000 ). 2n 1 + 2n 2n
= 1000 [ (1000 )n 1 + ... +n Cn 1 2n 1 ]
Hence it contains three 0 s at the end.
22. (d)
Using (1+ x)n = 1 + nC1 x + . + nCn xn

(1.002)8 = 1 + 8 .002 + 28 (.002)2 +
= 1 + .016 neglecting higher power of .002
= 1.016
2
23. (c)
Consider ( 1- x )n .
(1 x)n = C0 C1x + C2 x2 C3 x3
+ (1)nnCnxn .
Put x = 1
0 = C0 C1 + C2 - .. +(1)n . Cn
2
2
1 + 15C 1 + 15C 2 + ....
3
3
= 252.
35
24. (c)
2 416
2 3
( 1) + 1 = 0 n is any odd number

n
= a0 + a1x + ......
1 x3
=
1 x
59n + 1 = (60 1)n + 1
But 59n + 1 is divisible by 6
25. (b)
(1 + 2 4)416 = a0 + a1 + a2 + ......
sum of Coefficients = ( 1)416 = 1.
(1 + x + x )
= 60 k + ( 1)n + 1 = 6p + ( 1)n + 1
Put x = 1
18. (a)
15
Put x = 1
a0 a1 + a2 a3 + . + a2n
= (1+1+1)n = 3n .
Let 1 + 2x 4 x
15
5
=
3
5
upto 15 terms =
3
2n = 1024 = 210
Constant term = 10 C5
17. (d)
2
4
15C1 + 15C2 + ..
3
9
n = 10
16. (a)
15
upto 16 terms = 1 + 2
This is a problem of application of simple

differentiation with Binomial coefficients.
(1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + C3x3 + .
Differentiate with respect to x, we have
n(1 + x)n1 = C1 + C2.2x + C3.3x2 + .
Put x = 1 0 = C1 C2.2 + C3.3 C4.4 +
( ) (1 x )
= (1 3 x + 3x x ) (1 x )
= 1 x3
3 3
= E1.E2
Since the powers of expansion in E2 = (1 x3)3
are multiple of 3,
Coefficient of x9
= Constant in E1 . Coefficient of x9 in E2 +
Coefficient of x3 in E1. Coefficient of x6 in E2
Coefficient of x9 in E2 = Coefficient of x3 in (1 x)3
= (3 + 3 1)C3 = 10
Coefficient of x6 in E2 = Coefficient of x2 in (1 x)3
= (3 + 2 1)C2 = 6
required coefficient = 1 10 + 1 6 = 4
19. (b)
Greatest coefficient = n Cn / 2
=
20. (d)
10
C5 = 252
1 + n C1(x 1) + n C2 (x 1)2 + ... + n Cn (x 1)n
= [1 + (x 1)]n = x n
n
n
C1(x 1) + C2(x 1) + + Cn(x 1)
n
=x 1
n

===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================
1.
(c)
Expression reduces to ( p2 9q2 )20 .

the expansion will have 21 terms.
2.
(d)
(m + n)60 & (m-n)60 will have 61 terms each in their

expansion. The alternate terms will cancel out on
addition so that 31 terms will remain.
3.
(b)
( 2a b )
12
(d)
12. (d)
No. of terms =
13. (a)
(10 + 1)
has 13 terms, of which 7
are positive and 6 are negative.

4.
= 1 + 2 + . + 45
45 46
=
= 1035
2
The general term =
15
Cr .2 .x
16 17
= 136
2
= 105 + (a positive number ) > 105
x 30 3r = x15 i.e., r = 5
15
(10 1)
= 2 5 104 + 5 C3 102 + 1
30 3r
Coefficient of x15 is obtained from
Coefficient of x15 is
(n + 1)(n + 2)
14. (d)
C5 25
In, (1 + x )n , C1 + C3 + ..... = 2n 1
in (1 + x )60 ,
C1 + C3 + .... = 259
Coefficient of x is obtained from
x 30 3r = x 0 i.e., r = 10
Constant term is
required ratio is
15
15
15. (d)
We have
16
C10 210
C5 25 : 15C10 210 = 1 : 32 .
C1 +16 C3 + .... +16 C15 = 216 1 = 215
16C1 + 16C3 + .... + 16C13
= 215 16C15 = 215 16 .

7
5.
(d)
6.
(b)
C2 21
3
C1
7
1
13
C2m1 = 13C3m + 4
( 2m 1) + ( 3m + 5 1) = 13
m=2
7.
(a)
Tr + 1 = 12 C r x r , Tr + 2 =12 Cr +1 xr +1
12
i.e., 12
Cr
Cr +1
6
7
7(r+1) = 6 (12 r) r = 5
so, sixth and seventh terms.
8.
(b)
Sum of coefficients of (x + y )n = 4096

n
= 4096 = 212
C0 + n C1 + n C 2 + ......n Cn
n = 12
Greatest Coefficient = n Cn =
2
9.
(a)
12
C6
T2r + 18 = T r 8
26
C2 r + 17 = 26Cr 9
i.e., 2r + 17 = r 9 or 2r + 17 + r 9 = 26
r = 6 or 3r = 18 r= 6
10. (c)
an = 64,
n an 1x = 192x,
n ( n 1) an 2 x 2 = 480x 2
nan1
192
n
=
=3
a
64
an
n ( n 1) an 2 480
n 1 5
=
=
a
2
nan 1
192
n
a
2
= 3 and
=
a
n 1 5
n=6 a=2
11. (a)
[x (1)] [x (2)] ......[x (45 )]

Coefficient of x 45 = 1
( )
Coefficient of x 44 = (1 + 2 + 3 + + 45)
===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================
16. (d)
Sum of the coefficient
= 1 + 1 3(1)
17. (c)
2 4123
4123
=(1)
= 1 + 5(.01) + 10(.01)2 +..+(.01)5

= 1.05 + .001 = 1.051
= 1
20. (b)
If x = 1, 0 = 1+ a1 + a2 + ....... + a10
If x = 1, 32 = 1 a1 + a2 a3 + ....... + a10
n
(1 + x ) dx = (1 + C1x + C
a 2 + a 4 + ...... + a10 = 17
Adding 32 = 2 + 2 (a 2 + a 4 + ..... + a10 )
required sum = 3 2 3 12
287
n + 1
0
= 3 ( 1)287 = 3
x 2 + .... + Cn x n dx
0
1
287
(1 + x )n +1
= a0 + a1x + a2x2 + .
18. (d) Consider 3 2 3x 2
The sum of its coefficients a0 + a1 + a2 + . is
obtained by putting x = 1
19. (b)
Using simple application of definite integral on

(1 + x)n we have
i.e.,
x2
x2
x n +1
+ C2
+ ... + Cn
2
3
n + 1
0
= x + C1
2n +1 1
C
C
C
= 1 + 1 + 2 + ... + n
n +1
2
3
n +1
(1 + .01)5
Assignment Exercise
1.
2r = 10 r = 5
= ( 2 )r . 10 Cr . x 2r
Coefficient of x10 = ( 2 )5 . 10 C5
9 +1
=5
2
Number of terms =
( )
Tr +1 = ( 1)r . 10 Cr . 2x 2
(b) Number of non zero terms in the expansion of

(x + y )n + (x y )n if n is odd is n + 1
2
= 32 252
10
2.
(d)
Again consider x .
x
Middle term will be the 6th term.

5
1
T6 = 10C5 . x10-5 . = 10C5 .
x
3.
4.
(d)
(d)
2
Tr +1 = ( 1)r . 10Cr .x10 r .
x
= ( 2 )r . 10Cr . x10 2r
T2r+3 = 27C2r+2 . x2r+2

Tr-1 = 27Cr-2 . xr-2
27
C2r+2 = 27Cr-2 = 27C25-2r
25 2r = r 2 r = 9
10 2 r = 0 r = 5
Tr +1 = ( 2)5 . 10C5
( C ). (3x )
= ( 1) . ( C ). 3 .4 .x
Tr +1 = ( 1) .
r 11
2 11 r
r 11
11 r
4
.
x
= 32 252
Ratio is 1 : 1.
22 3r
8.
(d)
Given 2nC2, 2nC3, 2nC4 are in A.P.

i.e., 2 . 2nC3 = 2nC2 + 2nC4
(2n)(2n 1)(2n 2)
2
6
2n)(2n 1)
(
(2n)(2n 1)(2n 2)(2n 3 )
+
=
24
2
simplifying 2n2 13n + 17 = 0.
9.
(c)
Tr +1 = nCr . xr where n = 13.
Putting 22 3r = 6
3r = 16
5.
(a)
or r =
16
, which is not an integer.
3
(1 + x )n = C0 + C1x + C2x 2 + ......

Put x = 1,
2n = C0 + C1 + C2 + C3 + .........
T5 = 13C4. x 4 , T7 = 13C6. x 6
Put x = -1, we get

C0 + C2 + CC 4 + ....... = C1 + C3 + C5 + ......
Given T7 = 24 T5
2(C1 + C3 + ....) = 2n
13C6. x 6 = 24
n 1
or C1 + C3 + ...... = 2
n 1
C1 + C3 + ....
2
Hence
= n
C0 + C1 + C2 + ...
2
6.
(d)
Ar = co.efficient x = Cr
n
7.
(d)
i.e., x2 =
1
=
.
2
Cr +1 :n Cr = n r : r + 1
Consider 1 2x 2
13
C4 x 4
24
13
13
C6
C4
= 10
x = 10 .
Ar +1 = co.efficient xr +1 =n Cr +1
r
10. (b)
12
5y
1 + 2 x
numerically greatest term will be
(2x + 5y )12 = (2x)12
10
===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================
5.3
8.2 = 6.2
5.3
5y / 2x + 1
+1
8.2
T7 is the numerically greatest term or 7th term is
the numerically greatest term
(12 + 1) 5y / 2x
11. (c)
13.
There are 2 middle terms, T6 and T7

5
2
2
T6 = 11C5 x 6 2 ; T7 = 11 C6 x 5 2
x
x
C4
C6
+
C4 + C5 C6 + C7
Clearly,
T6
=
T7
11
11
2C5
L.H.S.=
C5 + C6
14. (d)
15. (d)
( 4 2x + x ) (1 + 3x + ......) = E1 . E2
2
Coefficient of x in E1E2 = C1.C2 + C3.C4

where C1 = Coefficient x in E1 = 2
C2 = Constant in E2 = 1
C3 = Coefficient x in E2 = 3
C4 = Constant in E2 = 4
Required Coefficient = 2 1 + 4 3 = 10
C5
1
x3
x
=
C6
2
2
x2
5
7
12
+
=
=
n+1 n+1 n+1
C5
6
Checking choice 1, we get
=
C5 + C6 n + 1
12. (b)
13. (c)
5 10
T7 = 9C6 . x .
7 7x
Power of x = x3-6 = 3.
(n + 1) (n + 2)
2
(20 + 1) (20 + 2)
20
Terms in (3x + 2y 4z ) are
2
21 x 22
=
= 231
2
Number of terms in (a + b + c )n is

1.
(b)
There are 10 terms each in the expansion
of (x + y ) and (x y ) . The even terms, which

are opposite in sign will cancel out. Hence, 51
terms will remain after simplification.
100
2.
(a)
The number of terms in ( x + 2y )
15
( x 2y )
15
8.
(a)
9.
(d)
100
is 16.
has 16 terms, of which 8 are positive
and 8 are negative.

Their sum will have only 8 terms.
3.
(d)
3 1
T7 = 9C6 . y 2 .
2 3y
=
1
T4 = C3 ( + x) .
< 0
x
5
(1 + x)2n = (1 + x)n (1 + x)n

= (1 + C1 x + C2 x2 + ) (x + 1)n
= (1 + C1 x+..) (xn + C1 xn-1 +..)
Equating coefficient of xn,
(2n)!
C02 + C12 + ..+Cn2 = 2nCn =
(n!)2
4.
5.
6.
(c)
(d)
(c)
Tr+1 = nCr . x
Coefficient of xr = nCr .
( )
9 r
( 4)
15
15
= 1 +
4
11. (d)
15
5
=
4
7.
(d)
Middle term = T4 = 6C3 .
15
15
( 3 ) . x1
3
= 6C3 (1) = 20.

3
1
Tr +1 = .10 Cr .x10 r . = . 10Cr . x10 2r
x
For term independent of x, 10 2r = 0
r=5
10
C5.
[ C ].x
1
.
5x
The expansion contains 11 terms so that middle
term is the 6th term.
Tr +1 = ( 1) r .
10
10 r
1
T5 +1 = ( 1)5 .10 C5 .x10 5 .
5x
( 4 ) (1 4 )
Sum of 15 terms = 5
7 8 9 27
1
7
=
1 2 3
8
81 9
18
T5 +1 = .
The sum of 16 terms of the given series is

1
1
1 + C(15 , 1) + C(15,2) 2 +
4
4
.. + 1
27
1
y6
8 81 9 y 6
C6
10. (a)
1
.
x
9
18-3r
r
= Cr . x
. (1)
18 3r = 0 r = 6.
Seventh term is the constant term.
Tr+1 = 9Cr . x 2
=
3
12. (a)
10
C5
1
5
252
.
3125
n 1
Coefficient of x
in the expansion of
(x a1) (x a2 )... (x an ) is given by
===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================
(a1 + a 2 + ..... + an )
Coefficient of x20
21 22
= (1 + 2 + ... + 21) =
= 231.
2
13. (b)
(x a)n = ( 1)r
(x + a )n = (T1 + T3 + .......)
Coefficient of middle term in (1 + x )2n is
(x a)
Tr +1 = Cr xnr ar
(x + a )n = O + E
Coefficient of middle term in (1 + x )
2n + 4
1.3.5....(2n + 3 ) n+ 2
2 .
(n + 2) !
(a)
Tr +1 = ( 1) .
Cr .
15. (d)
(x a )n
is
x10 3r
23. (a)
( 1)2 . 10C2 . 32
x4 =
28
24. (d)
23
Let S
25. (c)
The third term will contain a5.
19. (d)
coefficient x27 = (1+2+3+..+28)

28 29
=
= 406
2
NGT =
C4k + 3 =25 C3k +1
26. (c)
(n + 1) | x | = 17 | 3 y / 4 |
| x | +1
T =n C6 , U =n C7
P
R
T
+
+
P+Q R+S T+U
C 2 + C3
C2
n+1
C3
+
n
n
n
C 4 + C5
C4
n+1
C4
C5
n
n
C6
C 6 + n C7
C6
n+1
C7
15
3R
3
5
7
=
+
+
=
n +1 R + S
n +1 n +1 n +1
n
n r r
C2
n
| 3 y / 4 | +1
P =n C2 , Q =n C3 , R = n C 4 , S =n C5
Since
We have (x + a ) =
of
of
Greatest Term = T11 =16 C10 4 6 310 y10
4k + 3 + 3k + 1 = 25
k=3
22. (c)
term
But y =2
51
17 . 3 / 2
= 10.2
Tp =
=
5
3/2 +1
C3 . k 3 = 80 k = 2
25
term
greatest
16
3y
1 +
21. (c)
4
greatest
(4 + 3 y )16 =Numerically
k
5
Cr ( x 2 )5 r . = 80 x
x
r=3
5
(3n 2) + 1
(4 + 3 y )16 = 4 1 + 3y 16
Numerically
C6 = 9 C3 = 84
= C0 2 + 2C12 + 3C22 + (n + 1) . Cn2
n + 2 (2n) !
.
S=
2
(n !)2
Tr+1 = 9 Cr x18 3r
Put 18 3 r = 0 r = 6
7th term independent of x
18. (d)
20. (a)
=2
n 1
2S = (n + 2) C0 2 + C12 + Cn2
C12 x12 y 11
C4 . 24 18C3 . 23 a + 18 C2 . 22 b = 0
E2
= Cn2 + 2 . (Cn 1)2 + (n + 1) C02
(1 + ax + bx2) (1 2x)18
= (1 + ax + bx2) [C0 C1 (2x) + C2 (2x)2
C3 (2x)3 + ]
3
4
Coefficients of x and x are zero.
T7 =
= 1 + [( 1) + (3n 1)]2
405
=
.
256
and 18 C 4 23 + 18C2 22 a 18C1 2b = 0.

32a 3b = 240 and 51a 3b = 544
272
Solving, a = 16, b =
.
3
17. (c)
= 1 + [1. C0 + 2.C1 + 5C2 + +(3n 1)Cn
.3
T13 1
xy T13 = T12.
=
T12 xy
18
) =O
2 . C1 + 5 . C 2 + + (3n 1). Cn
T13 = 23C12 . x11 y 12
= O E
a2
n 1
T12 = 23C11 . x12 . y 11 =
16. (a)
(x
210 r
10 3r = 4 r = 2.
Coefficient of
= (T1 + T3 + ....) (T2 + T4 + .....) where
Put n = n + 2
14.
+(T2 + T4 + ....) and
1.3.5....(2n 1) n
2.
n!
r 10
xnr ar
r =0
n+1
Cr
C r +1
r +1
n +1
a and
r =0
===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================
27. (a)
T3 =
T4 =
2
C 2 x 5 .
2
3x
2
C 3 x 4 .
2
3x
Ratio of coefficients of
T4 and T3 =
C3
C2
. (2 / 3)3 x (3 / 2)2
7 3 + 1 2
T4
=
. 3
3
T3
28. (b)
T4 10
T3 : T4 = 9 : 10
=
T3
9
Tn + 2 = 3n Cn +1xn +1 =
k=
29. (a)
( 3n )!
(n + 1)! ( 2n 1)!
( 3n)!
( 2n 1)!
Given that x is nearly equal to 1

i.e., x = 1 h for small values of h
mx m nx n
m(1 h)m n(1 h)n
=
mn
mn
m(1 mh) n(1 nh)
=
mn
(m n) (m 2 n 2 )h
mn
= 1 (m + n)h
= (1 h)m+n = xm + n
30. (d)
1
3
128
= (128 )
1 / 3
3
= 51 1 + 3
5
= (125 + 3)
1/ 3
1 / 3
1 1 3
(1/ 3 ) (1/ 3 1) . 9 +
+
1 .
5 3 53
2!
56
1
1
2
+
+
5 54 56
1
2
= .2
+
= .19842
125 5 6

(Probability)
1.
(a)
Total number of cases = 36

Favourable outcomes are (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 4),
(1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 3), (2, 5), (3, 2), (3, 4), (4, 1),
(4, 3),(5, 2), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 5)
15
5
Required Probability =
=
36 12
2.
(d)
The probability that a leap year selected at

2
random contains 53 Sundays =
7
Probability for exactly 52 Sundays in a leap
year
2 5
= 1 =
7 7
3.
(c)
Since the second die shows smaller number, the

outcomes are (2, 1), (3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1), (4, 2),
(4, 3), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (6, 1), (6, 2),
(6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5).
Favourable outcomes are (5, 4) and (6, 3)
2
Required probability =
15
4.
(a)
Possible outcomes are (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1),

(2, 3), (3, 1) and (3, 2)
Favourable outcomes are (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3) and
(3, 2)
4 2
= .
6 3
===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================
5.
6.
(a)
(d)
Out of the 11 possible outcomes only two viz; 53

and 59 are favourable.
2
.
Hence required probability =
11
Total number of arrangements = 10 !
Four letters can be arranged between R and E in
8
P4 ways and the remaining 4 letters can be
arranged in 4! ways. Also R and E have 10
positions.
Hence favourable cases = 10 8P4 4!
7.
(c)
16. (d)
17. (b)
10 8P4 4 !
1
=
10 !
9
18. (c)
Favourable cases = 2 [either A, C, E or B, D, F]

2
1
.
=
20 10
9.
(b)
(d)
Required Probability
= Probability of getting an even
number and an odd number
=
C1 30 C1
60
C2
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B)

= 0.6 + 0.3 0.15 = 0.75
P(neither A nor B occurs)
= P( A ' B' )
P A B = P( A ) P( A B)
= 0.4 0.15 = 0.25
2
7
2
P(53 Mondays) =
7
P( 53 Sundays) =
P(53 Sundays & 53 Mondays) =
20. (a)
( 30even, 30 odd)
Total no of cases = 30C2

There are 10 primes : 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23
and 29.
P(both are prime) =
C3 6 C2
11. (c)
Total number of cases = 13!

The number of cases in which they sit alternately
= 6! 7!
6! 7!
1
The required probability =
.
=
13 !
1716
12. (c)
Total number of favourable squares

= total number of common sides
= 2 56
Total number of cases = 64C2
2 56
1
required probability = 64
.
=
18
C2
15
C5
Required probability = 1 P (sum is 8)

5
31
.
= 1
=
36 36
14. (d)
Let A denotes ace and B denotes spade.
P( A B ) = P( A ) + P( B ) P( A B )
4 13
1
=
+
52 52 52
10
C2
30
C2
Required probability = 1
60
=
143
10. (c)
1
7
P(53 Sundays or 53 Mondays)

2 2 1 3
= + =
7 7 7 7
30
59
9
15. (b)
19. (d)
There are 51 cards remaining of which 12 are

favourable.
12
4
.
=
51 17
30
13. (c)
2 P( B ) + P( B ) + 3 P( B ) = 1
1
6 P( B ) = 1 P( B ) =
6
= P( A B)'
= 1 P(A B)
= 1 0.75 = 0.25
D
Total number of cases = 6 C3 = 20
8.
P( A ) + P( B ) + P( C ) = 1
A
B
16
4
=
52 13
3
29
3
26
=
29 29
21. (b) The letters of the word ARTICLE can be

arranged in 7! ways.
The three vowels can take the 3 even places
(2nd, 4th, 6th) in 3! ways and the remaining 4
consonants can take the remaining 4 places in 4!
ways.
Total number of favourable cases = 3! 4!
1
3 ! 4!
. =
35
7!
22. (b)
P (same colour) = P(RR) + P(BB)

33 26
7
=
+
=
.
9 9 9 9 27
7
20
P (different colours) = 1
=
.
27 27
23. (c)
If A throws 1, B can throw 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6

If A throws 2, B can throw 3, 4, 5 or 6 and so on.
5
4
3
2
1
+
+
+
+ .
36 36 36 36 36
5
=
12
===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================
24. (c)
B must occur, P( A ) + P( B ) = 1
The letters A, , S, T are common and N and C

are not common.
2
Probability of choosing A =
C1
C1 10 C1
Let P( B ) = x , then P( A ) =
1
45
2
x+x =1
3
5x = 3
3
x=
5
1
Probability of choosing =
45
1
Probability of choosing S =
10
1
Probability of choosing T=
15
Required Probability
1
1
1
1
+
+
+
=
45 45 10 15
19
=
90
25. (b)
2
x
3
i.e., P( B ) =
3
3+2
Odds against B are 2:3
Since one of the two events A and

1.
(c)
There are altogether 36 outcomes. The favourable

outcomes are (5, 6), (6, 5) which yield a sum of 11
and (6, 6) which yields a sum of 12.
3
1
.
=
36 12
2.
(c)
Out of the 36 outcomes only 15 are favourable.

15
5
Hence the required probability =
=
36 12
3.
(d)
(b)
There are 4 queens out of the 52 cards

4
1
P(getting a queen) =
.
=
52 13
5.
(a)
The favourable outcomes are those which shows

a sum of 2, 3, 5, 7 or 11, which are 15 in number.
15
5
=
36 12
7.
(b)
(a)
10. (d)
11. (a)
There are 6 3 = 216 possible outcomes.

Favourable outcomes are (5, 6, 6), (6, 6, 6),
(6, 5, 6) and (6, 6, 5)
4
1
.
=
216 54
4.
6.
Favourable outcomes are (1, 2), (1, 5), (2, 1),

(2, 4), (3, 3), (3, 6), (4, 2), (4, 5), (5, 2), (5, 4),
(6, 3), (6, 6)
12 1
= .
36 3
From 100 pages, a page can be chosen in 100

ways. There are 11 pages in which the sum of
digits on it is 9. They are 9, 18, 27, , 90
11
.
100
Favourable outcomes are (1, 2, 3), (2, 2, 2),
(3, 3, 0) and their permutations which all add upto
10.
10
5
=
.
216
108
8.
(c)
A leap year can have 53 Mondays with probability

2
.
7
2
5
P( exactly 52 Mondays) = 1
=
7
7
9.
(a)
P( A B C )
= P ( A ) + P( B ) +P( C ) P( AB )
P( AC ) P( BC ) + P( A B C )
P( A B C ) P( A B C )
1 1 1 1 1
+ + 0
2 2 2 3 3
5
=
6
12. (c)
( ) ( )
P A + P B = 1 P( A ) + 1 P( B )
= 2 [ P( A ) + P( B ) ]
= 2 [ P( A B ) + P( A B ) ]
= 2 [ 0.7 + 0.5 ]
= 2 1 .2 = 0 .8
13. (d)
Given that P(A) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.6 and

P(A B) = 0.2
P( A ' B' ) = P(A B)C
= 1 P(A B)
= 1 (0.3 + 0.6 0.2)
= 0.3
14. (a) A leap year consists of 366 days with 52 weeks

and 2 days. There are 7 possibilities for these
two days, i.e, Sunday and Monday; Monday and
Tuesday; .; Saturday and Sunday. Favourable
cases are those which contain Sunday or
Wednesday which are 4 in number
4
.
7
15. (b)
P (first ball is red) =
7
10
===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================
7
10
7
7
49
.
P (both balls are red) =
=
10 10 100
19. (d)
Total of 7 is possible in six ways

(1, 6), (2, 5), (3, 4), (4, 3), (5, 2), (6, 1)
6
1
P (sum = 7) =
= .
36 6
1 5
P(sum 7) = 1 = .
6 6
Required probability = 1 P(score < 4)

The favourable cases for score < 4 is (1, 1, 1) only
Total number of cases = 6 6 6 = 216
1
P(score < 4 ) =
216
1
215
Required probability = 1
=
216 216
20. (a)
Bowlers can be chosen in 5C3 ways. Remaining

can be chosen in 10C8 ways.
P (second ball is red) =
16. (b)
17. (d)
C3
15
C8
C11
C2
15
10
10
C2
C4
18. (c)
Assignment Exercise
1.
2.
(c)
(d)

Favourable outputs are (1, 2), (2, 1) for sum 3 and
(1, 4), (2, 3), (3, 2), (4, 1) for sum 5.
6
1
=
36 6
Favourable cases are 3, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 15, 18,
21, 24, 27, 28 and 30.
13
required probability =
30
3.
(b)
A and B can take P2 = 12 11 = 132 positions.

The favorable positions are (1, 5) (2, 6) (3, 7), ,
(8, 12)
Also A and B can be arranged among themselves
in 2 ways
number of favourable cases = 8 x 2 = 16
16
4
=
132 33
4.
(a)
5.
(a)
Total number of cases = 7 !

The number of cases in which the vowels come
together = 3 ! 5 !
5! 3! 1
=
7!
7
The numbers which are divisible by both 3 and 4
is a multiple of 12. They are 12, 24, 48, , 96
which are 8 in number
(a)
C3
100
C3
C3 = 20.
11
10
C2
20
C2
9
.
38
8.
(c)
9.
(b)

Number of cases in which sum is odd = 18
18
P( A ) =
36
The event B can be (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 4), (3, 5),
(3, 6), (1, 3), (2, 3), (4, 3), (5, 3), (6, 3) or
(3, 3)
11
P( B ) =
36
A B = { ( 3 , 2 )( 3 , 4 )( 3 , 6 )( 2 , 3 )( 4 , 3 )( 6 , 3 ) }
P( A B ) =
6
36
P( A B ) = P( A ) + P( B ) P( A B )
18 11
6
23
=
+
=
36 36 36 36
10. (d)
P( A ) + P(B) = P(A B) + P(A B)
()
1 P A + P(B ) = 0.81 + 0.32 = 1.13

P(B) = 1.13 1 + 0.53 = 0.66
11. (d)
Total number of cases =
C 2 7C 4
C6
2
5775
(c)
5
=
11
12
6.
7.
12. (d)
Let A and B be the events.

7
3
Then P( A ) = , P( B ) =
8
12
P(at least one happens)
= 1 P(none happens)
5 5
71
= 1 P( A B ) = 1
=
8 12 96
P A B = P(A B )C =
1
3
Out of these 20 triangles, 6 are isosceles and 2

2
are equilateral.
P (AB) =
3
8
2
= .
20 5
===================================================================================================

===================================================================================================
P (A) +P (B) P (AB) =
2
3
P(B) =
1 2
=
2 3
1 2 7
3p = + =
2 3 6
7
p=
18
p +2p
2
3
1
=
.
+
10 10
5
P(B C) = P(B) + P(C) =
15. (c)
13. (b)
14. (a)
3
1
, P(C) =
10
10
The squares can be chosen so that 2 of them are

white and third is black OR 2 of them are black
and third is white. There are 32 white and 32
black squares on a chessboard.
Required probability
32
Let p be the probability that C wins the race.

i.e., P(C) = p
P(B) = 3p and P (A) = 2P(B) = 6p
Also, P(A) + P(B) + P(C) = 1
1
6p + 3p + p = 1 p =
10
C 2 32C 1 +
64
C2
32
64
C 1 32C 2
32
C3
32
C1
C3
16
.
21

1.
(d)
Total number of cases = 63 = 216

The favourable outcomes are (1, 5, 6), (2, 4, 6),
(3, 3, 6), (3, 4, 5), (4, 4, 4), (5, 5, 2) and their
permutations
Total number of favourable outcomes
3!
3!
= 25
= 3! + 3 ! +
+ 3 !+ 1 +
2!
2!
Number of ways of selecting one even and one

odd ticket =
(b)
12th day is any one of the 7-week days.

1
84
3.
(b)
From 0 to 9, there are 10 digits (end digits

inclusive). The last two digits can be dialed
in 10 P2 = 90
favourable.
12
4.
(c)
The squares can be chosen such that 2 of them

are white and third is black or 2 of them are black
and third is white. There are 32 white and 32
black squares on a chessboard.
Required probability
32
5.
(b)
1
.
90
C 2 32C 1 +
64
64
C3
(d)
8.
(c)
3 men can check into the hotels in 4 4 4 = 64

ways. Number of cases in which they can check
into different hotels = 4 3 2 = 24
24
= 0.375 .
64
9.
(c)
Total number of cases = 50C3

Number of primes between 1 and 50 is 15
12
C2 .
2 6!6!
12!
1
=
462
35
C3
50
C3
187
.
=
560
16
.
21
10. (a)

Sum 3 (1, 2), (2, 1)
Sum 5 (1, 4), (2, 3), (3, 2), (4, 1)
Sum 7 (6, 1), (5, 2), (4, 3), (3, 4), (2, 5), (1, 6)
Number of favourable cases = 12
12 1
= .
36 3
11. (a)
Total number of cases = 7P5

Number of numbers divisible by 5 = 6P4
C2 .
tickets =
37
.
50
7.
C 1 32C 2
Number of ways of selecting two even numbered
Total number of numbers = 18

The total number of numbers divisible by 5 =
Number of numbers ending with 0 and numbers
ending with 5 = 2 2 1 1 + 3 2 1 1 = 10
10 5
= .
18 9
32
C2
(b)
The product will be even if either both the

numbers are even or one is even and the other is
odd.
There are 12 even and 13 odd numbers among
the numbers from 1 to 25.
Total number of ways of selecting two tickets is
25
25
C3
2 32C 2 32C 1
C2 +12 C1 13 C1
6.
ways, out of which only one is
C1 13 C1 .
25
216
2.
12
P4
P5
1
7
===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================
12. (d)
13. (b)
All are true
Sum 8 (2,6) (3,5) (4,4) (5,3) (6,2)

P (getting a doublet or total of 8)
5
6
5
1
=
=
+
36 36 36
18
5 13
required probability = 1
=
18 18
P(A B ) = P( A ) + P(B) (being mutually exclusive)
0.7 = 0.3 + p p = 0.4

14. (a)
S = {H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6, T1, T 2, T3, T 4, T 5, T 6}

P(getting head or even number) = P ( A B )
= P( A ) + P(B) P( A B)
=
15. (c)
22. (b)
P(B) = 1 q
P(neither A nor B)= 1 P(A B) = r
P(A B) = 1 r
We know that,
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B)
(1 r) =(1 p) + (1 q) P(A B)
Since 0 P(A B) 1,
(1 r) (1 p) + (1 q)
(1 r) 2 (p + q)
rp+q1
p+qr+1
6
6
3
3
+
=
12 12 12 4
Given P( A B C ) 0.75
0.75 P( A B C ) 1
0.75 P( A ) + P( B ) + P( C ) P( AB )
P( BC ) P( AC ) + P( ABC ) 1
i.e. 0.75 0.3 + 0.4 + 0.8 0.08
P( BC ) 0.28 + 0.09 1
0.75 1.23 P( BC ) 1
0.75 1.23 P( BC ) 1 1.23
0.48 P( B C ) 0.23
P( A ) = 1 p
23. (b)
minimum value of P( B C ) is 0.23
Total number of selections = 9C2

There are 5 odd digits (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9)
Favourable number of selections = 5C2
16. (b)
17. (a)
Let A be the event of getting even number on the

first die
(2, 1), (2, 2),..,(2, 6), (4, 1),,
(4, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2),,(6, 6) 18 ways
18
P (A) =
36
Let B be the event of getting total of 8
(2, 6), (3, 5), (4, 4), (5, 3), (6, 2) 5 ways
5
P (B) =
36
P (A B) = P {(2, 6), (4, 4), (6, 2)}
3
=
36
18
5
3
5
P (A B) =
+
= .
36 36 36 9
24. (b)
P (B) = 0.42, P (AB) = 0.15
If d = n, there is only one case 1, n + 1, 2n + 1

Total number of cases
= (2n 1) + (2n 3) + + 3 + 1 = n2
P (A) = P A B + P(A B)
5
2 1
= =
3 4
12
21. (c)
Total number of cases = 6 6 = 36

Doublet (1,1) (2,2) (3,5) (4,4) (5,5) (6,6)
.
.
P (AB) = P(A) +P(B) P (AB)

3
1 1
= P( A ) +
4
3 4
2
P (A) =
3
P A B = P( A ) P(A B )
If d = 2, the selections can be

1, 3 , 5
2, 4 , 6
(2n 3 ) cases
.............
2n 3 , 2n 1, 2n + 1
P A B = P(A B )c
5
18
If d = 1, the selection can be

1, 2 , 3
2, 3, 4
(2n 1) cases
.............
2n 1, 2n , 2n + 1
= 1 P (AB)
= 1 [P(A) +P(B) P(AB)]
= 1 [ .23 +0.42- 0.15] = 0.5
20. (c)
C2
n 4n2 1
3
Let d be the common difference of the A.P. The
possible values which d can take are
1, 2, 3, (n 1), n.
P(A B) = P(A B) always iff A = B
P (A) = 0.23
C2
Total number of cases = (2n + 1)C3

(2n + 1) 2n (2n 1)
=
1 2 3
=
18. (d)
19. (d)
25. (c)
n2
n 4n 1
3
The odds against event A is
3n
4n2 1
7
4
1 P( A ) 7
=
P( A )
4
7P(A) = 4 4P(A)
===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================
P(A) =
4
11
The odds in favour of event B is
28. (c)
Let A be the event of getting a multiple of 5.

Multiples of 5 are {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, , 120}
which are 24 in number.
24
P(A) =
120
Let B be the event of getting an even number
Even numbers are {2, 4, 6, , 120} which are 60
in number.
60
P(B) =
120
There are 12 numbers which are even multiples of
5
12
P(A B) =
120
24
60
12
+
P(A B) =
120 120 120
3
= .
5
29. (d)
P A B = P( A ) + P(B) P A B
6
5
P(B)
6
=
1 P(B) 5
6
11
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B)
= P(A) + P(B)
[ AB = ]
6
4 10
+
=
.
=
11 11 11
P(B) =
26. (b)
27. (b)
P(A B C)
= P(A) + P(B) + P(C) P(AB) P(BC)
P(AC) + P(ABC)
0.3 + 0.4 + 0.8 0.08 P(BC)
0.28 + 0.09 0.75
1.23 P(BC) 0.75 P(BC) 0.48
Again P(A B C) 1
1.23 P(BC) 1 P(BC) 0.23
0.23 P(BC) 0.48.
1
x
3
= P(A ) + 1 P(B ) [P(A ) P(A B)]

=1y+z
Since one of the two events A and B must occur

P( A ) + P( B ) = 1
Let P( B ) = x , then P( A ) =
30. (d)
P(A) =
1
3
P(B) = 1
x
+x =1
3
3
x=
4
C3
C3
= 1
Required ratio =
5 16
=
21 21
1 16
:
= 7 : 16.
3 21
1
4
= 1: 3
Odds against B are
3
4

(Statistics)
1.
(c)
X=
f i xi
6 + 8 + 18 + 10 + 2p
11
66 = 42 + 2p p = 12
2.
3.
(b)
(b)
Xc =
fi
6=
5.
(b)
40 30 + 20 x
= 75
60
3200 + 20x = 4500
x = 65.
6.
(d)
7.
(c)
x=
n1 x1 + n 2 x 2
n1 + n2
60 40 + 40 x 2
100
3800 = 2400 + 40 x 2 x 2 = 35
ie 38 =
Correct mean
50 38 (13 + 87 ) + (73 + 37 )
=
50
1900 + 10
= 38.2
=
50
a + a + d + a + 2d + a + 3 d + a + 4 d
5
5a + 10 d
=
= a + 2d .
5
Number of terms = n
x = 1 + 3 + 32 + + 3n - 1
=
4.
(b)
Combined Arithmetic Mean
10 12 + 12 10 120
=
22
11
1 3n 1 3n 1
=
3 1
2
===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================
x=
8.
(b)
9.
(a)
13. (c)
x 3n 1
.
=
n
2n
x
53
59
61
67
71
73
79
Total
By definition
3
9
15
21
27
xx
f xx
12.72
6.72
.72
5.28
11.28
63.60
53.76
14.4
52.8
78.96
263.52
fd
5
-2
8
-1
20
0
10
1
7
2
N= 50
fd
x=A+
C
N
6
= 15 +
6 =
50
mean x = 15.72
M.D =
f xx
N
-10
-8
0
10
14
6
15 +
d2 = 492
d2 d

n
n
=
36
50
d2
196
64
36
0
16
36
144
492
d
14
8
6
0
4
6
12
6
n = 7 d = 6
1
n d2 ( d)2
n
1
7 492 62
=
7
=
263 .52
50
3408
= 8.34
49
= 5.2704
10. (d)
14. (d)
Mid x
xi M
x
8
9
10
11
12
13
16
f xi M
49.5
69.5
89.5
109.5
129.5
50
37.5
263
17.5
500
2.5
137
22.5
50
42.5
1000
Total
12935
M.D (M) =
1000
= 12.935 = 12.94
1875
4602.5
1250
3082.5
2125
12935
f
2
1
2
6
3
1
1
16
fd fd

N
N
56
2 =
= 3.5
16
d
3
2
1
0
1
2
5
fd2
18
4
2
0
3
4
25
56
fd
6
2
2
0
3
2
5
0
2 =
11. (b)
x2
4
9
25
49
121
169
377
x
2
3
5
7
11
13
Total 41
x = 41
2 =
15. (c)
x
= 50 , = 4, n = 100
n
2 =
x 2 = 377 n = 6
x2 x

n
n
x
2.5
7.5
12.5
17.5
x = 150 30 + 20 = 140
x 2 = 2250 (30 )2 + (20 )2

= 2250 900 + 400 = 1750
x2 x

n
n
= c
2
1750 140

20
20
= 87.5 49 = 38.5
x2
2
2500 x = 251600
100
16. (a)
377 41
581
=
6
36
6
new variance =
x2 x

n
n
16 =
12. (d)
Primes are 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79 If the

assumed mean be 67,
= 5
f
2
1
3
4
N = 10
d
-2
-1
0
1
fd2 fd

N
N
13 1
10 10
fd
-4
-1
0
4
-1
fd2
8
1
0
4
13
= 5 1.3 0.01
===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================
= 5 1.29 .
17. (d)
Standard Result.
18. (a)
The M.D is unaltered since the deviation from the

new mean is unaltered
19. (d)
22. (d)
SD of (ax + b) = a SD of (x)
S.D of (3x + 10) = 3 S.D of (x)
23. (c)
Variance of 1st n natural numbers

n2 1
12
variance of 1st n odd natural numbers
2
n2 1
= n 1
V(2n + 1) = 4(V(n)) = 4
12
3
2
since V(a x + b) = a V(x)
V(n) =
22 + x + y
=6
5
x +y = 8 ----------- (1)
x=6
(xi x )
2
= 8 (xi x ) = 40
5
2
(4 6 )2 + (8 6 )2 + (10 6 )2 + (x 6 )2 + (y 6)2 = 40
4 +4 +16 +(x6)2 + (y6)2 = 40
24. (c)
S.D
100
Mean
15
=
100 = 30 .
50
Coefficient of variation =
(x 6 )2 + (y 6 )2 = 16 ---------- (2)
Solving (1) & (2) we get x = 2, y = 6
20. (d)
21. (a)
Var (ax) = a2 Var (x)

Var (2x) = 22 Var (x)
= 4 10 = 40
25. (a)
100 = 50 and x = 2 = 1
Variance of (ax + b) = a2 Var(x)

= 25 9 = 225
===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================

1.
(b)
X=
X=
10. (d)
f i xi
f
x
25
20
25
20
22
20
30
32
20
20
|x 20|
5
0
5
0
2
0
10
12
0
0
34
x 20
Mean deviation =
n
34
=
= 3.4 .
10
18 + 16 + 48 + 120 + 96 + 18 + 60
27
= 13 .925
2.
(b)
7
17 29 37 41
41 + 1
Median =
= 21st item = 22
2
(corresponding x value to C.F = 29)
3.
(b)
x=
4.
5.
6.
7.
(b).
(a)
(a)
(d)
C.F = 2
1 + 3 + 5 + ... + (2n 1)
n
n
(t1 + tn )
= 2
n
n
(1 + 2n 1)
=n
= 2
n
n (n + 1) 7n
=
2n
13
13n + 13 = 14n n = 13.
Correct mean
100 39 (13 + 19 + 26 ) + (18 + 12 + 28 )
=
100
3900 + 0
= 39
=
100
9.
(c)
(d)
A.M =
15
21
27
20
10
7
N= 50
d
0
1
2
|X|
=|X16|
f |D|
13
65
-8
56
0
10
14
6
1
5
11
20
50
77
268
fd
-
fd
6
C = 15 +
6
N
50
= 15.7 = 16 approx.
f D
268
M.D =
=
= 5.36
N
50
x=A+
13. (d)
3, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 18, 19, 21

By short cut method, Median M = 9
x1 = 9 + 10 + 12 + 18 + 19 + 21 = 89 and n1 = 6
x2 = 3 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 7 = 22, and n2 = 5.
(x x1) (n1 n2 )M
M.D. from M = 2
n1 + n2
(89 22) (6 5 )9
265
= 53
5
12. (a)
5 x + 15
= x + 3.
5
M.D (M) =
(409 x 2 ) 12 = 12
11
409 x 2 12 = 132 x2 = 265
x1, x2, x3, x4, x5

a = x1 + 1; b = x2 + 2; c = x3 + 3; d = x4 + 4
e = x5 + 5
Mean of a + b + c + d + e
[x + x + x3 + x 4 + x 4 ] + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5
= 1 2
5
Range = largest value least value

= 9 0 = 9.
If x2 be the sum of the observation less than 12,

and median is the 6th item n1 = 6, n2 = 5
(x x 2 ) (n n2 )M
M.D = 1
n1 + n2
=
20 + 4 x
=5 x=0
4
6 + 10 + 16 + 20 52
=
= 13.
4
4
=
8.
11. (b)
Var (ax) = a2 Var(x)

V(2, 4, 6, 8, 10) = 4 Var (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
variance of n natural numbers =
n2 1
12
52 1
=8
Vari(2, 4, 6, 8, 10) = 4
12
14. (d)
6+5
67 9 58
=
=
= 5.27
11
11
S.D of natural numbers is

n2 1
=
12
15. (b)
72 1
=
12
49 1
= 2.
12
new combined mean = 50

which is the same as x1 and x 2
===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================
combined 2 =
n112 + n222
, d1 = d2 = 0
n1 + n2
19. (b)
20. (a)
25 16 + 25 25
=
= 20.5
50
16. (b)
x2 = 144;
x
2.5
7.5
12.5
17.5
x
=3
n
x2 x

n
n
S.D =
144
3 2 = 18 9 = 3
8
Var(nx) = n2 v(x) = n2.0 = 0
f
2
3
3
2
N = 10
= c
17. (d)
Standard deviation is not affected by change of

origin, but it is affected by change of scale.
18. (d)
S.D of (aX + b) = a S.D of X.

S.D of (8, 10, .24)
= SD (2.1 + 6, 2.2 + 6, 2.3 + 6.)
= 2 S.D of (1,2,3..) = 2k
d
-2
-1
0
1
fd2 fd

N
N
fd
-4
3
0
2
5
fd2
8
3
0
2
13
= 5
13 5
= 5 1.05 .
10 10
Assignment Exercise
1.
(c)
n1x1 + n2 x 2
n1 + n2
x=
6.
(d)
60 1200 + 40 x 2
100
solving we get x 2 = 700
1000 =
2.
(c)
Given n = 100, x = 40, = 3

x
40 =
x = 4000
100
2
2 =
Median = 6,
n2 1
.d ( n is odd )
4n
121 1
30
=
.1 =
= 2.727
4.11
11
x2
x2 x
2
2

3 = 100 40
n
n
9 + 1600 =
x2
x2 = 160900
100
M.D =
3.
(a)
7.
(a)
In a symmetrical distribution,
4
mean deviation =
5
5
5
=
MD = 20 = 25.
4
4
8.
(c)
S.D =
9.
(a)
The variance remains unchanged when

observations are increased or
decreased by a constant.
Number of terms of the given A.P,

67 7
n=
+ 1 = 21
3
n is odd and M.D =
n2 1
d
4n
212 1
110
=
.3 =
= 15.7
4.21
7
4.
(c) X =
10. (b)
120 + 120
= 12
20
n2 1
12
624
Put n = 25, variance =
= 52 .
12
d1 = 10 12 = 2 d2 = 12 15 = 3
5.
(b)
) (
10 12 + 22 + 8 22 + 3 2
10 + 8
164
= 8.2 = 2.86
20
Variance of first n natural numbers

=
n112 + n22 2 + n1d12 + n2d2 2

n1 + n2
var iance
Sum of absolute deviations is minimum

when it is taken about the median.
11. (d)
n1 = 5, x 1 = 8 , 1 = 18
n2 = 3, x2 = 8 , 2 = 24
x=
n1 x1 + n2 x2
=8
n1 + n2
d1 = x x1 = 0, d2 = x x 2 = 0
2 =
n1 12 + n2 22 + n1 d12 + n2 d22
n1 + n2
5 18 + 3 24
= 20.25.
5+3
===================================================================================================
=

===================================================================================================
12. (b)
13. (c)
Multiplication of each observation by 5 means

variance gets multiplied by 25.
14. (d)
1
n
12 =
1
n
22 =
1
=
n
i =1
x2
x2 x
2
(x )

2 =
n
n
n
ie, 16 =
(x y x
12
2 =
12
15. (c)
(x x )
n2 1 2
d
12
(n 1)2 = (n 1)4 = (n 1)
x1, x2, x3,xn becomes x1 y, x2 y ,

x3 y . xn y
If x is the arithmetic mean of x1, x2, ..xn, then
x y is the A.M of new data.
n
Variance of n terms of A.P =
y)
x2
2500 x 2 = 251600
100
i =1
(x x )
n
= 12.
i =1

1.
(c)
By definition.
2.
(c)
[Standard Result]
3.
(b)
new x = x +
4.
(a)
6.
(c)
M.D = (M.D x )
11. (a)
n 1+ n 2
(111 44) (6 5)14 = 53

11
(a)
By definition
(c)
x = 36
11
Total number of terms = 2n + 1

a + (a + b ) + (a + 2b ) + ... + (a + 2nb )
x=
2n + 1
2n + 1
[a + a + 2nb]
2
=
= a + nb.
2n + 1
M.D
1
=
[a + nb a] + a + nb (a + b) +
2n + 1
M.D=
2 + 4 + 1 3
= =1
3
3
Mean Deviation
2 1 + 4 1 + 1 1
3+3+0
=
=
= 2.
3
3
Mean =
10. (c). From the properties
(x 1 x 2 ) (n 1 n 2 )M
M.D =
5.
9.
11 + 8 + 1 + 6 + 12
= 7. 6
5
... + a + nb (a + 2nb )
1
[nb + (n 1) b] + ... + b + 0 + b + ...
2n + 1
+ (n 1) b + nb
2 (b + 2b + 3b + ..... + nb )
=
2n + 1
n(n + 1)
2b .
2b(1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + n )
n (n + 1) b
2
=
=
.
=
2n + 1
(2n + 1)
2n + 1
7.
(d)
Let the observations be x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 , x6, x7, the
median is x4
Then
{x 4 +5 + x 6 + x7 ( x1 + x 2 + x 3 )} x 4
= 14 .5 7
When x5, x6, x7 are increased by 7, Median is x4
new M.D
1
= {x 4 + x5 + x6 + x7 + 21 (x1 + x 2 + x3 ) x 4 }
7
= 17. 5
8.
(b)
Median = 40.
x
15
18
35
38
40
46
46
55
90
|x 40|
25
22
5
2
0
6
6
15
50
131
12. (a)
Since there are (2n + 1) terms in the series

median is the (n + 1)th items
i.e., median = a + nd.
X
A
a+d
a + 2d
a + 3d
a + (n 1) d
a + nd
a + (n + 1) d
a + (n + 1) d
a + 2nd
|D| = |X (a + nd)|
nd
(n 1) d
(n 2) d
d
0
d
2d
nd
n (n + 1) d
Mean Deviation from median

n (n + 1) d
131
M.D =
.
=
= 14.56
2n + 1
9
===================================================================================================

===================================================================================================
13. (b)
xx
26
23
8
5
1
3
5
12
43
126
x 387
Mean =
=
= 43
n
9
126
Mean Deviation =
= 14
9
x
17
20
35
38
42
46
48
55
86
Total 387
14. (d)
21. (b)
Standard Result.
22. (b)
S.D of n terms of an A.P is
=
23. (c)
24. (a)
n2 1
= 56 n = 13
3
By definition
26. (a)
Let y =
x
x + x
=
=0
2n
2n
S.D = 5
(x x )
n
x2
x 2 = 25
n
Data is not sufficient for finding |x|.
ax + b
c
ax + b
then y =
c
a
y y = (x x )
c
1
a2 1
2
2
(y y ) = 2 (x x )
N
c N
15.
(c)
16. (c)
17. (b)
Range is the difference between largest and

smallest items in a series.
5 M.D. = 4S.D.
S. D . of y =
19. (b)
f y h = 65 15 10 = 62
50
f
( f y )
h
=
f y
f
f
n2 1
.d
12
25 1
.2 = 2 2
12
S.D of A.P with common difference d
i i
X= A+
S.D of (1, 3, 5, 7, 9)
29. (c)
2 =
28. (c)
variance of new data = a2 2
(xi x )
=0
n
c2
Median is measure of central tendency
Each observation is multiplied by a,
Variance =
a2
27. (d)
variance is multiplied by a 2
18. (b)
25 1
.7 = 7 2
12
No change in S.D.
25. (d)
x=
5=
n2 1
.d
12
n2 1
.d
12
25 1
.2 = 2 2
12
i i
2
i i
102
(50 105 225 ) = 201
50 50
= 201 = 14.17
=
30. (b)
x A = 62,
x B = 56
(23 ) + (42)2 + (12)2 + 72

= 22.3
5
C.V for A = 35.96
2
A =
B =
(16 ) 2 + ( 21 ) 2 + ( 31 ) 2 + 3 2 + 9 2 = 18.7
5
C.V for B = 33.39
20. (b)
Given
xi = 480, xi2 = 15735 n = 15
=
x
n
2
i
x
i
=5

(Mathematical Reasoning and Linear Inequalities)
===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================
1.
(d)
2.
(d)
3.
(c)
4.
(c)
5.
(c)
6.
(a)
7.
(b)
8.
(a)
9.
(d)
7
x
,1
6
7
does not belong to the solution set.
Note that
6
19. (d)
The components are

p : If x2 7x + 10 = 0, then x = 5
and
q : If x2 7x + 10 = 0, then x = 2
Out of the 1000 litres, 900 litres is spirit and 100

litres is water. Let x be the amount of water to be
added. Then
900
100 62
1000 + x
Solving; x 451.61
20. (a)
The negation of p or q is not p and not q. So,

the negative of 100 is divisible by 3 or 5 or 7 is
100 is not divisible by 3 and 5 and 7.
3x 4y = 12
(4, 0)
(0, 3)
10. (a)
Area of the shaded region =
11. (c)
Every square is a rectangle, but not conversely

21. (b)
12. (b)
13. (c)
If a rectangle is not equilateral, then it is not a

square. Also, an equilateral rectangle is square.
1
4 3 = 6 sq. units
2
Let x be the amount of alloy to be added.

Then
15
30 x
10
20
( x + 60) <
+ 60
<
( x + 60)
100
100
100 100
20 < x < 60
14. (a)
15. (b)
16. (d)
22. (a)
30 + 20 + x
40
3
x 70
3x 7
7
4
20 3x 7 28
13 3x 35
13
35
x
3
3
5
23. (b)
24. (b)
17. (a)
3x 5y = 15
2x + 1
3x + 2
2x
60
60
60
3
4
5
40 x + 20 45 x + 30 24 + 12 x
17 x 14 and x I
infinite number of solutions
x 8 and x + x + 2 < 27
x 8 and x < 12.5
The possible pairs are
(8 ,10 ), (10 ,12 ) and (12 , 14 )
7x + 5 7
35 x + 25
<
1< 0
8x + 4 5
56 x + 28
21x 3
<0
56 x + 28
3(7 x + 1)
>0
28(2 x + 1)
+
7x + 1
>0
2x + 1
25. (d)
The system of inequalities represent an
unbounded region which lies above the line
3x 5y = 15, in the first quadrant.
18. (d)
7x + 6
7x + 6
1
1 0
6x + 7
6x + 7
7x + 6 6x 7
0
6x + 7
x 1
0
6x + 7
+
1
2
1 1
x , ,
2 7
3x + 2 < 21x + 49
18x > 47
47
x>
18
2
7x + 3 < 5 x <
7
3
4x + 2 > 5 x >
4
3
47
2
x>
, x < and x > .
18
7
4
This will never happen.
+
1
7
+
===================================================================================================
7
Triumphant Institute of Management Education Pvt. Ltd. (1T.I.M.E.) HO: 95B, 2nd Floor, Siddamsetty Complex, Secunderabad 500 003.
6
===================================================================================================

1.
(a)
2.
(d)
3.
(b)
4.
(c)
5.
(b)
6.
(d)
7.
(b)
8.
(b)
9.
(a)
10. (c)
Only choice (a) in not mathematically

acceptable since it depends upon the
perception of a person.
16. (b)
17. (c)
3x + 1 4
<0
2x + 4 3
x 13
<0
3(2x + 4)
x 13
<0
x+2
2 < x < 13
20 is not a solution.
In choice (c), the word and is not used as a

connective. Hence it is not a compound
statement.
18. (c)
8
Contra positive of p q is ~ q ~p
By definition
3x+4y =12
11. (a)
12. (a)
4x + 3 7x + 2
4
5
20x + 15 28 x + 8
8x 7
13. (a)
8x+5y = 40
19. (b)
7
8
3 x + 5
3
2
6 3x+5 6
11 3x 1
2
Q + 4 30
3
2
16 Q 26
3
48 2Q 78
24 Q 39
20
20. (a)
1
11
x
3
3
1 3x 11
14. (a)
380 + x > 388 + 230, x > 238
15. (b)
The graphs
follows:
of
the
inequalities
is
as
8x+5y = 40
3x+4y =12
4
The shaded region is

which has 4 corner points.
the
solution
region
Assignment Exercise
1.
(a)
2.
(b)
Only q and r are statements. p and s are not

mathematically acceptable as they involve a
variable time today and tomorrow respectively.
3.
(b)
4.
(d)
5.
(d)
===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================
6.
(c)
7.
(b)
8.
(c)
9.
(d)
10. (b)
5 < 3x 5 < 10
10 < 3x < 15
10
< x< 5
3
Area =
The graphical solution is

(0, 4)
1 7
1
2
2 3
2
1
sq.units
24
13. (b)
(0,3)
14. (a)
(4,0)
(3,0)
15. (a)
11. (c)
12. (c)
Let the sides be x, y, z with x > y > z

1
z = x and y = x 2
3
Perimeter = x + y + z 47
x
x + x 2 + 47
3
x 21
89 + 98 + (3 96 ) + x
95
6
x 95
(2, 2.5)
(2, 2)
1.
(c)
2.
(d)
3.
(b)
4.
(d)
y=2
7
2
3 ,Additional
Practice
3x + 4y =15
x=2
(c)
17. (a)
18. (a)
130
5
1000 + x 100
130 100 5000 + 5x
8000 5x
x 1600
(a)
19. (b)
6.
12 is a counter example.
16. (d)
(a) is depending upon Today

(b) is a demand and not a statement
(c) can be true or false depending upon
now and where
(d) We know that 1 is not a prime. Hence it is a
statement.
5.
15.
Exercise
(b)
7.
(c)
8.
(d)
9.
(d)
Only p and q are true and r is false since

both the components are false.
35L
C
M 50
35L
50
C
35L
50
35 30
i.e., C
50
C 21
C
Choices (a) to (d) are equivalent statements.
10. (d)
11. (d)
M=
The first three choices are equivalent to p q.
20. (d)
(0, 7)
12. (d)
13. (b)
7x + 3y = 21
14. (c)
(3, 0)
===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================
4
,2 lie in the solution region and it is in the
3
lower half plane as well.
23. (d)
The solution region includes all points on and

below the line 3x + 4y = 12. (Draw the graph)
24. (b)
The solution will contain the line and it is in the

lower half plane as well. (Draw the graph)
25. (d)
21. (c)
22. (d)
(0, 5)
(0,1)
(2, 0)
Obviously solution region lies in the , and V

quadrants.
3
Q + 7 40
4
3
23 Q 33
4
92
132
Q
3
3
30
26. (b)
By back substitution
27. (b)
From the solution region, the corners are (0,8),

(0,3), (4,0), (5,0). (Draw the graph)
Origin is not a corner point.
28. (d)
Back substitution
29. (d)
The solution region falls in both III and IV

quadrants. (Draw the graph)
30. (b)
If x litres of water is added, then

640
70
800 + x 100
6400 5600 + 7x
x 114.3

(Three Dimensional Geometry)
1.
(b)
In the XY plane, the y coordinate is zero.
2.
(a)
Distance between (2, 1, 3) and (4, 3, 0) is given

by
(2 4)2 + (1 3)2 + (3 0 )2
= 36 + 4 + 9
7.
(d)
Let P(x, y, z) be the required point.

PA = PB where A is (3, 2, 0) and B is (4, 2, 1)
PA2 = PB2 x z = 4.
8.
(b)
D=A+CB
= (1 + 3 + 2, 1 + 7 0 , 5 + 1 2 )
= (6, 6, 4).
9.
(b)
=7
3.
(b)
4.
(c)
5.
(d)
6.
(a)
Let PM perpendicular to OY.

On the Y-axis, x = 0, z = 0.
M is (0, y, 0).
A(0, 0, 4)
Only the sign of X-coordinate will be changed after

reflection in the YZ plane.
2a 1 2
= 0,
3
1+ b + 5
= 0 and
3
2 + 4 + 3c
=0
3
3
a = , b = 6 and c = 2 .
2
10. (b)
Distance from the origin = 62 + 22 + 32 = 7 .
The centroid, G is
11. (c)
Let P(x, y, z) be the point

Distance of P is from the X, Y and Z axes are
2 + 7 3 3 6 + 3 1 + 3 + 2
,
,
= (2, 2, 2)
3
3
3
B(0, 2, 0)
P(3, 1, 0)
C(6, 0, 0)
Let P be the midpoint of B and C

P is (3, 1, 0)
AP = 32 + 12 + 42 = 26 .
y 2 + z 2 , x 2 + z 2 and
x 2 + y 2 respectively
===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================
= 2x + 1 18x + 9 16x + 16
a = z2 + y 2
2
x=
5
x 2 + z2
b=
c = x2 + y2
17. (c)
Distance from the origin, d =

2
x 2 + y 2 + z2
a + b + c = x + y + z + x + y2
= 2(x2 + y2 +z2)
= 2d2
18. (b)
12. (d)
A (12, 9, 2), B (8, 8, 1), C (8, 11, 2)

AB2 = 42 + 1 + 1= 18
BC2 = 32 + 32=18
AC2 = 42 + 22 + 42 = 36
ABC is an isosceles right angled triangle.
13. (d)
Let the point be (x, y, z)

z
19. (c)
P(x, y, z)
20. (d)
z
z
y
AC2 = AB2 + BC2

42 + 22 + (x 12)2
= 12 + (x 9)2 + (x 12)2 + 32 + (x 11)2
x = 8 or 12
PA 1
=
PB 2
PB2 = 4 PA2
(x 1)2 + (y + 1)2 + z2
= 4[(x 2)2 + y2 + (z 1)2]
3(x2 + y2 + z2) 14x 2y 8z + 18 = 0
Let : 1 be the required ratio.
Since this point of internal division lies on the
xz plane, therefore y coordinate is zero.
1
4 + 1 (2)
=0 =
+1
2
required ratio is 1: 2.
Let (x1 , y1 , z1) = (0 , 1, 4 ) and (x 2 , y 2, z2 ) = (2, 2 ,1)
m = 1 and n = 2
the required point is
mx 2 nx1 my 2 ny1 mz 2 nz1
,
,
mn
m n
mn
2 0 2 2 1 8
=
,
,
1 1 2
1
= ( 2, 0, 7).
If P(x, y, z) is the point, then the distance from the

X-axis is
is
y 2 + z 2 , the distance from the Y-axis
x 2 + z 2 and the distance from the z-axis is
x 2 + z2
y2 + z2 = 25
x2 + z2 = 25 and
x2 + y2 = 18
2 (x2 + y2 + z2) = 68
x2 + y2 + z2 = 34
x2 = 9, y2 = 9, z2 = 16
x = 3 , y = 3 , z = 4
Since the point lies in 7th octant, the point is
( 3, 3, 4).
14. (d)
21. (d)
A(3, 5, 4)
.
D
B(2, 1, 4)
Let C and D be the points of trisection. Then

AC: CD: DB = 1: 1: 1
AD 2
AC 1
=
or
= and
BC 2
BD 1
6 + 2 10 1 8 + 4
8
C is
,
,
= , 3, 4
3
3
3
3
3 + 4 5 2 4 +8 7
D is
,
,
= , 1, 4 .
3
3 3
3
A
P(1,4,4)
C(0,2,6)
B(6,4,3)
AP PC 3
=
=
AB BC 7
15. (c)
For an obtuse angled triangle, the sum of the

squares of two sides will be greater than the
square of the third side.
16. (b)
PA2 = PB2
(x 1)2 + (3x 2)2 + (2x + 3)2
= (x + 1)2 + (3x 3)2 + (2x 4)2
2x + 1 12x + 4 + 12x + 9
===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================
22. (c)
Let |AB| = x and let P be the required point.

2
Then AP = x
5
2x 3 x
PB = x
=
5
5
AP : PB = 2 : 3
9 + 4 18 + 8 12 + 4
coordinate of P is
,
,
5
5
5
13 26 16
=
,
,
.
5 5 5
24. (c)
25. (a)
7m n
=3
m+n
7m n = 3m + 3n
4m = 4n
m:n=1:1
P is the midpoint of AB
y = 3, z = 3
x=
Let C be the new position of B. Then C divides

AB externally in the ratio 3 : 2
A (4, 1, 4)
B (1, 2, 1)
23. (d)
P
Q
(7, 0, 2)
Q is the midpoint of PR
P is (8, 7, 1)
R
(6,7, 3)
3 1 2 4
= 5
32
y = 3 2 2(1) = 8
z = 3 1 2 4 = 5
The point is (5, 8, 5)
x=
===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================

1.
(d)
The x, and z co-ordinates are negative and the

y co-ordinate is positive in the sixth octant.
2.
(b)
Let PM perpendicular to OY.

On the Yaxis, x = 0, z = 0.
M is (0, y, 0).
3.
(b)
The centroid is
6 + 13 + 8 4 + 4 + 1 2 + 8 + 2
,
,
3
3
3
4.
(d)
5.
(b)
6.
(d)
7.
8.
9.
(c)
(c)
(b)
= (9, 3, 4).
13. (c)
Let the point be (0, 0, z)

4 + 16 + (z 6)2 = 36
(z 6)2 = 16
z6=4
z=64
z = 10 or 2
14. (b)
PA =
(x 4 )2 + (y 5 )2 + (z 6 )2
PB =
(x 2)2 + (y + 3 )2 + (z 4 )2
2
1
PA
=
4
PB
Let C be the point (x, y, z)

x + 1 + 2 = 0, y + 2 1 = 0 and
z+32=0
(x, y, z) = ( 3, 1, 1)
(x 4)2 + (y 5)2 + (z 6)2

(x 2)2 + (y + 3)2 + (z 4)2
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 8 x 10 y 12z + 77
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 4x + 6 y 8z + 29
1
4
15. (a)
PA = PB
PA2 = PB2
Let P be (x, y, z)
Then PA2 = (x 4)2 + y2 +(z 6)2
and PB2 = (x 2)2 + (y 2)2 + (z 4)2
(x 4)2 + y2 + (z 6)2
= (x z)2 + (y 2)2 + (z 4)2
x y + z = 7.
Let A(5, 2, 5), B(6, 1, 1), C(9, 4, 1) be the

points
AB2 = 12 + 12 + 42 = 18
BC2 = 32 + 32 = 18
AC2 = 42 + 22 + 42 = 36
ABC is right angled and isosceles.
16. (a)
Midpoint M of BC is M(1, 1, 1)
AM = 32 + 42 + 52 = 5 2
Let the ratio be : 1
17. (b)
Let (x, y, z) be the point

x2 + y2 + z2 = (x a)2 + y2 + z2
= x2 +(y b)2 + z2
= x2 + y2 + (z c)2
Taking the first two, we get
x2 + y2 + z2 = (x a)2 + y2 + z2
x2 = x2 2ax + a2
2ax = a2
a
x=
2
b
c
Similarly y = and z =
2
2
The coordinates of any arbitrary point on the line

joining A(4, -5, 8) and B(2, 7, 4) is
4 + 2 5 + 7 8 + 4
,
,
1+
1 +
1+
In the XZ plane, y coordinate is zero
5
5 + 7
=0 = .
1+
7
18. (c)
Centroid is
1 + 2 + 5 3 + 7 + 2 5 2 + 0
,
,
= ( 2, 4, 1).
3
3
3
19. (c)
C is (1 + 3 2, 2 + 4 + 2, 1 + 6 1)
= (2, 8, 4)
The distance of the point (x, y, z) from the Y

axis is
Let (x, y, z) be a point on the locus. Distance from

the XY plane is 2 times distance from (1, -2, 2)
z2 = 4 x 2 + y 2 + z 2 2 x + 4 y 4 z + 9
4 x 2 + 4y 2 + 3z2 8 x + 16 y 16z + 36 = 0
The required distance =
22 + 42
=2 5
[(2 2)
+ (8 + 2) + (4 1)
2
= 100 + 9 = 109 .
x 2 + z2
z = 2 (x 1)2 + (y + 2)2 + (z 2)2
12. (d)
3 x 2 + 3 y2 + 3 z2 28 x 46 y 40 z + 279 = 0
AC =
11. (d)
1
4
Centroid of the tetrahedron is

1 + 2 3 + 4 2 + 3 + 4 + 3 3 5 + 2 2
,
,
4
4
4
= (1, 3, - 2).
a b c
the point is , , .
2 2 2
10. (d)
20. (d)
z=
4m + 7n
=1
m+n
m 2
=
n
1
2 2 1 1
x=
=3
2 1
2 2 3 1
y=
=1
2 1
x = 3, y =1
===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================
Assignment Exercise
1.
(c)
The midpoint (1, 0, 0) is on the x-axis.
8.
2.
(b)
Centroid is
a a + 0 b + b 2b c c + 0
,
,
= (0, 0, 0)
3
3
3
3.
(d)
If P is a point on the perpendicular bisector of the

line segment joining A and B, then PA = PB.
4.
(c)
Let the point be (0, 0, z). Then

42 + ( 2)2 + ( z + 1)2 = 6
(a)
9.
(d)
x 2 + (y + 4 )2 + ( z 6)2 = ( x 2)2 + (y 5 )2 + ( z + 5)2

2x + 9y 11z = 1.
(a)
11. (b)
12 + 22 + 22 = 3
Let the point be (a, 0, 0)

Given that
(a3)2 + 42 + 32 = 50
(a 3)2 = 25
a 3 = 5
a = 8 or 2
One point is (8, 0, 0)
Let P be the required point and let the ratio be k :1
Then the coordinates of P are
2 + 3k 4 + 5k 5 4k
,
,
k +1 k +1 k +1
But P lies on x = 0
2 + 3k
i.e.,
=0
k +1
2
k=
3
P divides the line segment externally in the ratio
2:3
Let P(x, y, z) be a point equidistant from

the points (0, -4, 6) and (2, 5, -5). Then,
x 2 + (y + 4 )2 + ( z 6)2 = ( x 2)2 + (y 5 )2 + ( z + 5 )2
6.
G is (1, 2, 2)
OG =
10. (c)
16 + 4 + (z +1)2 = 36
(z + 1)2 = 36 20 = 16
z+1=4
z = 1 4 z = 5 or 3.
5.
(c)
C(2, 0, 8)
2x
3x
A
B
(2, 8, 6)
4x
D
E (4, 0, 2)
AD 2 x + x + 3 x 3
=
=
DE
4x
2
i.e., AD : DE = 3 : 2
4 + 12 16 12 6
D is
,
,
5
5
5
B(2, 4, 2)
16 16 6
i.e.,
,
,
5 5
5
A(5, 3, 1)
D is s (5 + 2 2, 3 + 0 4, 1 + 8 2)
= (5, -1, 7)
12. (c)
7.
(a)
A (2, 0, 1)
13. (c)
.G
D(4, 2, 4)
2 + 8 4 8 +1
G is
, ,
3 3
3
Ratio =
AB
=
AC
32 + 42 + 52
62 + 82 + 102
1
2
14. (d)
1
B
0 6 8 12 12 18
The point is
,
,
2
2
2
= (3, 2, 3)
15. (d)
10 4
= , , 3
3 3
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===================================================================================================

1.
(c)
2.
(d)
x2 + y2 = 0 implies x = 0, y = 0 which represents

the z-axis.
11. (a)
A (2, 0, 0)
E
F
3.
(b)
d = ( 2 1) + (5 3 ) + (10 8)
2
= 12 + 2 2 + 2 2 = 3 .
4.
5.
(a)
(c)
B (0, 4, 0)
Out of given points, the only point lying in the first

octant is (3, 3, 3) which is at a distance of 3 units
from (5, 5, 4).
Let
the
points
be
6.
C (0, 0, 8)
D is (0, 2, 4), E is (1, 0, 4) and F is (1, 2, 0)
AD = 4 + 4 + 16 = 2 5
BE = 1 + 16 + 16 = 33
A , 3 , 2 , B(2, 3 ,1) and

2
C (1, 2, 4)
Using the distance formula, we get
AB = AC BC
the triangle is isosceles. Also it is not a right
triangle.
CF = 1 + 4 + 64 = 69 .
12. (a)
(1, 1, 0) is at a distance of
2 from the origin. All
other points are at a distance of

origin.
3 from the
13. (d)
(a)
A( 1, 0, 1)
14. (b)
(2, 1, 0)
B(5, 2, 4)
(1,4,3)
C(1, 2, 2)
AC = 2 + 2 + 1 = 3
Since AD is the internal bisector of BAC,
BD : CD = AB : AC = 7 : 3
5(3 ) + 1(7 ) 2(3) + 2(7) 4(3 ) + 2(7 )
D is
,
,
10
10
10
(3,8,7)
Fourth vertex is (2 + 3 0, 1 8 3, 0 + 7 4)
(1, 4, 3)
AB = 62 + 22 + 32 = 7
2
(0, 3,4)
15. (c)
A(0, 7, 10)
B(4, 9, 6)
11 13
= , 2,
.
5
5
D(2,3,6)
7.
(b)
For a rhombus, AB = BC = CD = AD.
8.
(c)
Let (x, y, z) be an arbitrary point on the locus.

Then
AB =
42 + 22 + 42 = 6
BC =
22 + 42 + 42 = 6
+ x 2 + y 2 + ( z c )2 = k 2
CD =
42 + 22 + 42 = 6
3 (x2 + y2 + z2) 2ax 2by 2cz k2 = 0.
DA =
22 + 42 + 42 = 6
(x a )2 + y 2 + z2 + x 2 + (y b )2 + z2
9.
(b)
Also AC = BD = 6 2
ABCD is a square.
Let A be (a, b, 0) and B be (0, 0, c)

a b c
Midpoint , , = (1, 2, 3)
2 2 2
a = 2, b = 4, c = 6
A is (2, 4, 0) and B is (0, 0, 6)
16. (b)
AB2 = 1 + 1 + 16 = 18
BC2 = 32 + 32 = 18
AC2 = 42 + 22 + 42 = 36
ABC is right angled at B
1
Area = AB . BC
2
1
=
18 18 = 9
2
17. (d)
Let P be the point which divides the one line
AB = 22 + 42 + 62 = 2 14 .
10. (d)
Out of given points, the only

in the second octant is (3, 3, 3).
C(2, 5, 2)
point
lying
===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================
joining the points (-7, 4, 6) and (2, - 3, - 5). Let the

7 + 2 4 3 6 5
ratio :1. Then P is
,
,
+ 1 + 1
+1
In the XZ plane, y = 0
4
43=0 = .
3
18. (b)
19. (d)
Let P(x, y, z) be a point on the locus. Thus

PA2 = PB2
(x a)2 + (y b)2 + (z c)2
= (x c)2 + (y b)2 + (z + a)2
i.e., 2ax 2cz = 2cx + 2az
i.e., ax cx + az + cz = 0
i.e., (a c)x + (a + c)z = 0
42 + 42 + 42 = 4 3
BC =
22 + 2 2 + 22 = 2 3
PQ = 12 + 22 + 22 = 3
BC = 4 3 = 12
Any arbitrary point on the line joining the

points (x1, y1, z1) and (x2, y2, z2) is
x1 + x 2 y1 + y 2 z1 + z2
,
,
1+
1 +
1+
28. (b)
PQ = 3 2 + 4 2 + 24 = 7
BC = 14
29. (d)
Let the ratio be m : .

In the XY plane, the z coordinate is zero.
3 8m = 0
8
=
m
3
30. (a)
.
.F
2:1
A(4, 6, 0)
x z x 2z1 y1z2 y 2z1

= 1 2
,
,0
z2 z1
z2 z1
D
C( 6, 2,8)
z x
z y
x1 + 1 2 y1 + 1 2
z
z
2
2
,
, 0
the point is
z
z
1 1
1 1
z2
z2
(x 2)2 + (y 3 )2 + (z 4)2
82 + 152 = 17
PA2 PB2 = 2
Q(3, 5, 2)
(2, 3, 4)P
z + z2
If it lies in the XY plane, then 1
=0
1+
z
= 1
z2
23. (b)
Let B divides AC in the ratio m : n

7m + n
m 1
3=
=
m+n
n
2
8m + nk
But 4 =
k=2
m+n
A(19, 18, 0), B(15, 14, 4) and C(13,12, 6)

AB =
20. (c)
22. (c)
27. (d)
CA = 62 + 62 + 62 = 6 3
i.e., AB + BC = CA
The given points do not form a triangle.
21. (a)
26. (b)
(x + 2)2 + (y 5)2 + (z + 4 )2 =2
4x 2y + 8z + 9 = 0.
24. (b)
Let the ratio be m : n. Then m(6) + n(3) = 0

m 1
=
n
2
The point divides the line segment in the ratio 1 : 2
externally.
25. (a)
x = 4(3) 3 (3) = 21
y = 4(2) 3(1) = 11
z = 4(5) 3 0 = 20
.E
B
ABD and BDC are similar triangles.

Let E and G be the centroids of ABD
and BCD respectively. Then
AE 2
CG 2
= and
=
EF
1
GF 1
AE = 2k , EF = k ,FG = k and CG = 2k
F is the midpoint of A C
F is ( 1, 4, 4)
42 6+8 8
2 14 8
E is
,
, = ,
,
3
3
3
3 3 3
Similarly G is
6 2 2 + 8 8 + 8 8 10 16
,
,
,
, .
=
3
3 3 3 3
3
===================================================================================================
===================================================================================================

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HINTS/SOLUTIONS for M1108

ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0

If a the side of the triangle (a cos60, a sin60) is a

The center (-4, 2) is to be the mid point.

The centre of the circle is (3, 1).

a2 cos2 60 = 12a sin 60

Let O be the circumcentre of triangle ABC

The required locus is the directrix whose

Foci are (a, 0) and (0, a)

In triangle ABC, sin 60 = AD/AB

The focus (0,

Let the equation be

Distance between the foci, F1 F2 = 2c

For rectangular hyperbola e = 2

For the hyperbola,

Regular Homework Exercise

Let (x2, y2) be the other end of the diameter. Then

length of the minor axis, 2b = 4 3

Given (2, -4) lies on y2 = 4ax

The eccentricity of a parabola is 1

The given circle is

14. (a) If S, S are the foci and P is a point on the ellipse,

Length of the latus rectum =

Foci of the ellipse

4x2 5y2 = 100

4x2 + 9y2 = 900

Solving x2+y2 = 4 and x2 + y2 + 4x 12 = 0,

Vertex is (0, 0) and focus is (0, 2).

Equation of the parabola is x2 = ay.

Let the ellipse be

This is a point on y2 = 4ax

Let O, A, and S represent the centre, vertex and

x and y axes are the transverse axes of the given

Angle between them =

O is the mid point of AC

Equation of the circle is x + y = 1

Additional Practice Exercise

Point of intersecting of the pair of straight lines

. Substituting we get (1, 1)

The equation of the parabola is x2 = 2y.

The points are A (a, 0) and B (0, b).

The focus of the parabola is , 0

This lies on the line 2x y 8 = 0

Mid point of SS is the centre.

Ellipse becomes a circle when b = a

The equation of the ellipse is

Solving the equations, we get x = 4, y = 3

Given e = 2 and 2ae = 24 2

i.e., x2 + 2y2 = 100

The diameters of an ellipse passes through its

Let S, S be the foci and A be the end point of the

(0, 0). Thus the other end is 2 3 , 4

For ellipse r1=

The directrices are x = 2 and y = 2 They intersect

Latus rectum of the ellipse =

For the ellipse,

Foci are ( ae, 0). ie;

29. (b) Solving the equations of the lines, their point of

Being a rectangular hyperbola, statement (a) and

HINTS/SOLUTIONS for M1109

The digit in hundreds place can be filled in 9

There are 3 even positions and two vowels

Number of 4 digit numbers that can be formed

The number of 4 digit numbers without 3 is