Kuliah Analisis Geomorfologi :

Analisis Morfometri DAS

By : Irvan Sophian

Morphometry ?..............
Morphometry [geomorph] (mor-phom'-e-try)
The measurement and mathematical analysis of the configuration of
the Earths surface and of the shape and dimensions of its landforms.
The main aspects examined are the area, altitude, volume, slope,
profile, and texture of the land as well as the varied characteristics of
rivers and drainage basins (Clarke, 1966, p.235).
Dictionary of Earth Science

Terrain Analysis
Regional and local rock types and structural features are
identified through terrain analysis.
Rock masses have characteristic features, as deposited, which
result in characteristic landforms that become modified by
differential weathering.
Deformation and rupture change the rock mass, which
subsequently develops new landforms. Some relationships
between morphological expression, structure, and lithology
are given in Figure.

Diagrams showing effect of

varying geologic structure
and lithology on
morphology of landscapes.
(From A. N.
Strahler, Physical Geology,
Wiley, Inc.; from Thornbury,
W. D., Principles of
Geomorphology, Wiley, New
York, 1969.)

Stream Forms and Patterns

Rainfall runoff causes erosion, which attacks rock
masses most intensely along weakness planes,
resulting in stream forms and patterns that are
strongly related to rock conditions.

Stream Forms
Stream channels are classified with respect to
shape as straight, crooked, braided, or meandering
(also classified as young, mature, old age, or
rejuvenated).

Drainage Patterns

Catchment Area

catchment area [grd wat]

(a) The recharge area and
all areas that contribute
water to it.
(b) An area paved or
otherwise waterproofed
to provide a water supply
for a storage reservoir.
Syn: collecting area.

Delineation of a watershed boundary

Stream Channels
Stream channels carry runoff flows from precipitation in the watershed. The
channel is carved by the flowing water . Bankful is defined as the typical flow that
forms the shape of the existing channel. Most rivers reach bankful stage, at
approximately a two-year reoccurrence interval. If the sediment load in a stream is
greater than the streams capacity to move sediment, it becomes deposited in the
stream channel, causing it to fill or aggrade. Too little sediment, compared to what
the stream was historically carrying, can cause the channel to downcut or degrade
in elevation. When either of these conditions happens, the stream channel must
adjust upstream and downstream. Streambank erosion, channel widening, and
headcut erosion are some of the symptoms of this readjustment.
Stream crossings on roads, particularly bridges, can be seriously impacted by the
changes in stream
channel depth and width.

Stream Order
Stream channels connect like the veins on a leaf. This network of smaller
tributaries flowing into increasingly larger streams, has several
numbering systems. The stream order system refers to numbering
tributaries starting in the headwaters.
1. First-order streams have no tributaries;
2. Second-order streams have only first order channels as tributaries, or
they occur where two firstorder streams come together;
3. A third-order stream is formed by the joining of two second-order
streams, and so on.

Orde sungai
(Ratnayake
2004)

Stream Categories
Streams are often identified by their flow condition:
perennial those streams which carry water the year round,
except for infrequent and extended periods of severe
drought.
ephemeral streams consisting of a dry channel throughout
most of the year, bearing water only during or immediately
after a rain..
intermittent stream channels which carry water only part
of the year and are dry the other part, but which receive
flow from the groundwater table when it is high enough.

Morphometric Analysis :
Linier Morphometry
Areal Morphometry
Relief Morphometry

Linier
Morphometry

Bifurcation Ratio (Rb)

Rb < 3 Alur sungai tersebut mempunyai kenaikan air
banjir dengan cepat, sedangkan penurunannya
berjalan lambat
Rb> 5 Alur sungai tersebut mempunyai kenaikan muka
air banjir dengan cepat, demikian pula penurunannya
akan berjalan dengan cepat.
Rb 3 5 Alur sungai tersebut mempunyai kenaikan
dan penurunan muka air banjir yang tidak terlalu cepat
atau tidak terlalu lambat

Areal
Morphometry

Drainage Density (Dd)

Adapun klasifikasi indeks kerapatan sungai tersebut
(Siwi, S.E. et al, 2008) adalah :
* Dd :< 0,25 km/km2
: rendah
* Dd : 0,25 10 km/km2
: sedang
* Dd : 10 25 km/km2
: tinggi
* Dd :> 25 km/km2
: sangat tinggi

Relief
Morphometry

Thank You

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