8/14/2015

C programming Interview questions and answers: static variable in c

C programming Interview questions and answers

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staticvariableinc

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Keywordstaticisusedfordeclaringstaticvariablesin
c.Thismodifierisusedwithalldatatypeslikeint,float,
double,array,pointer,structure,functionetc.

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1.Itisnotdefaultstorageclassofglobalvariables.For
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(a)

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#include<stdio.h>
inta
intmain(){
printf("%d",a)
return0
}

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7 2

Output:0

CLOVERCOM

(b)
#include<stdio.h>
staticinta
intmain(){
printf("%d",a)
return0
}

withGoogleFrie

Members

Output:0

Alreadyamemb

(c)
#include<stdio.h>
externinta
intmain(){
printf("%d",a)
return0
}
Output:Compilationerror
Atfirstglanceifyouwillobservetheoutputofabovethree
codesyoucansaydefaultstorageclassofglobalvariableis

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C programming Interview questions and answers: static variable in c

Cinterviewquestionsandanswers
QUICKSORTUSINGCPROGRAM
Checkgivennumberisprimenumberor
notusingcprogram

static.Butitisnottrue.Why?Readexternstorageclass.
2.Defaultinitialvalueofstaticintegraltypevariablesare
zerootherwisenull.Forexample:

Writeacprogramtoreverseastring

#include<stdio.h>
staticcharc
staticinti
staticfloatf
staticchar*str
intmain(){
printf("%d%d%f%s",c,i,f,str)
return0
}

Mergesortprograminc

Output:000.000000(null)

CPROGRAMMINGQUESTIONSAND
ANSWER

3.Asamestaticvariablecanbedeclaredmanytimesbutwe
caninitializeatonlyonetime.Forexample:

Programtoconvertdecimaltobinaryin
c
Findouttheperfectnumberusingc
program
TOFINDFACTORIALOFANUMBER
USINGCPROGRAM
TOFINDFIBONACCISERIESUSINGC
PROGRAM

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Therewasanerrorinthisgadget

133

(a)
#include<stdio.h>
staticinti//Declaringthevariablei.
staticinti=25//Initializingthevariable.
staticinti//Againdeclaringthevariablei.
intmain(){
staticinti//Againdeclaringthevariablei.
printf("%d",i)
return0
}
Output:25
(b)
#include<stdio.h>
staticinti//Declaringthevariable
staticinti=25//Initializingthevariable
intmain(){
printf("%d",i)
return0
}
staticinti=20//Againinitializingthevariable
Output:Compilationerror:Multipleinitializationvariablei.
4.Wecannotwriteanyassignmentstatementglobally.For
example:
#include<stdio.h>
staticinti=10//Initializationstatement
i=25//Assignmentstatement
intmain(){
printf("%d",i)
return0
}

Output:Compilationerror
Note:Assigninganyvaluetothevariableatthetimeof

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C programming Interview questions and answers: static variable in c

declarationisknownasinitializationwhileassigningany
valuetovariablenotatthetimeofdeclarationisknown
assignment.
(b)
#include<stdio.h>
staticinti=10
intmain(){
i=25//Assignmentstatement
printf("%d",i)
return0
}
Output:25
(5)Astaticvariableinitializesonlyonetimeinwhole
program.Forexample:
#include<stdio.h>
staticinti=10
intmain(){
i=5
for(i=0i<5i++){
staticinta=10//Thisstatementwillexecute
//onlytime.
printf("%d",a++)//Thisstatementwillexecute
//fivetimes.
}
return0
}
Output:1011121314
(6)Ifwedeclaredstaticvariablelocallythenitsvisibility
willwithinablockwhereithasdeclared.Forexample:
#include<stdio.h>
intmain(){
{
staticinta=5
printf("%d",a)
}
//printf("%d",a)variableaisnotvisiblehere.
return0
}
Output:5
7.Ifdeclaredastaticvariableorfunctiongloballythenits
visibilitywillonlythefileinwhichithasdeclarednotin
theotherfiles.Forexample:
(a)
#include<stdio.h>
staticfloata=144.0f//globaltoallfunction
intmain(){
{
printf("%d",a)//variableaisvisiblehere.
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C programming Interview questions and answers: static variable in c

//printf("%d",b)variablebisnotvisiblehere.
}
printf("%d",a)//variableaisvisiblehere.
//printf("%d",b)variablebisnotvisiblehere.
return0
}
staticintb=5//Globaltoonlycalculationfunction
voidcalculation(){
printf("%d",a)//variableaisvisiblehere.
printf("%d",b)//variablebisvisiblehere.
}

(b)Consideracprogramwhichhaswrittenintwofilesnamed
asone.candtwo.c:
//one.c
#include<conio.h>
staticinti=25
staticintj=5
voidmain(){
clrscr()
sum()
getch()
}
//two.c
#include<stdio.h>
externinti//Declarationofvariablei.
externintj//Declarationofvariablej.
/**
Abovetwolineswillsearchtheinitializationstatementof
variableiandjeitherintwo.c(ifinitializedvariableis
staticorextern)orone.c(ifinitializedvariableis
extern)
*/
externvoidsum(){
ints
s=i+j
printf("%d",s)
}
Compileandexecuteabovetwofileone.candtwo.catthesame
time:
InTurboccompiler
Step1:Writeabovetwocodesinthefilenamedasone.cand
two.c(Youcangiveanynameasyoulike)andsaveit.
Step2:InTurboc++IDEclickonProject>Openprojectmenu
asshowninfollowingscreendump.

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C programming Interview questions and answers: static variable in c

Step3:AfterClickingonopenprojectyouwillgetfollowing
screen:

InOpenprojectFiletextfieldwriteanyprojectnamewith
.prjextension.InthisexampleIamwritingprojectnameas
CProject.PRJ.NowpressOKbutton.
Step4:AfterpressingOKbuttonyouwillgetfollowing
screen:

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C programming Interview questions and answers: static variable in c

NowclickonProject>Additemmenu.
Step5:AfterclickingAdditemyouwillgetfollowingscreen:

Inthenametextfieldwritedownallcsourcecodefileone
byonei.e.firstwriteone.candclickonAddbutton
Thenwritetwo.candclickonAddbuttonandsoon

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Step6:AttheendclickonDonebutton.Afterclickingon
donebuttonyouwillgetfollowingscreen:

Atthelowerpartofwindowyoucanseeprojectname,listof
filesyouhaveaddedetc.
Step7:TocompilethetwofilespressAlt+F9andtorunthe
aboveprogrampressCtrl+F9
Note:ToclosetheprojectclickonProject>Closeproject.
Output:Compilationerror:Unknownsymboliandj.
Hencewecansayvariableiandjwhichhasinitializedinto
two.cisnotvisibleinfileone.c.Thisexampleproves
visibilityofgloballydeclaredstaticvariableisfile.
Note:Intheaboveexamplefunctionsumwhichwasdeclaredand
definedintwo.chasalsostorageclassextern.Sowecancall
fromotherfile(one.c).Ifitwillstaticthenwecannotcall
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C programming Interview questions and answers: static variable in c

functionsumsincestaticstorageclassisonlyvisibletothe
filewhereithasdeclared.
(8)Ifwestaticvariablehasdeclaredlocallyorgloballyits
scopewillalwayswholetheprogram.Forexample:
(a)//locallydeclarationofstaticvariable
#include<stdio.h>
voidvisit()
intmain(){
inti=0
{//Openinginnerblock
staticinta=5//locallydeclaration
XYZ://Labelofgotostatement
printf("%d",a)
a++
i++
}//closinginnerblock.
visit()
/*printf("%d",a)Variableaisnotvisibleherebut
itisalive.*/
if(i<5)
gotoXYZ
return0
}
voidvisit(){

}
Output:56789
Explanation:Whenprogramcontrolwillcomeoutofinnerblock
wherevariableahasdeclaredthenoutsideofinnerblock
variableaisnotvisiblebutitsscopeisoutsidetheprogram
i.e.variableahasntdead.Ifwithhelpofgotostatement
controlagaincomesinsidetheinnerblockitprintsprevious
incrementedvalueswhichwasnotpossibleincaseofautoor
registervariables.
(b)
//Locallydeclarationsofvariable
Therearetwocsourcecodefiles:
//one.c
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
voidmain(){
inti
for(i=0i<3i++){
{
staticinta=5
printf("%d\n",a)
a++
}
visit()
}
getch()
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C programming Interview questions and answers: static variable in c

}
//two.c
#include<stdio.h>
voidvisit(){
printf("Dontdisturb,Iamlearningstorageclass")
/*printf("%d",a)Variableaisnotvisibleherebut
Itisalive.*/
}
Nowcompileandexecutebothfilestogether:
Output:
5
disturb,Iamlearningstorageclass
6
disturb,Iamlearningstorageclass
7
disturb,Iamlearningstorageclass
Explanation:Whencontrolgoestoanotherfileandcomeseven
thatvariabledidntdeadanditprintspreviousincremented
value.
Note:Inbothexamplesifyouwilldeclarestaticvariable
globallyyouwillgetsameoutput.

9.Astaticvariablesorfunctionshaveinternallinkage.An
internallinkagevariablesorfunctionsarevisibletothe
filewhereithasdeclared.
Introduction
auto
register
static
extern
Ctutorialhome.
+6 Recommend this on Google

21comments:
Aarti 2/18/11,12:11AM
explanationisjustfab.
Reply
Replies
akashrai 8/5/15,10:10PM
Butconceptsarewrong...plstrytoexecutetheprgyourselfuwillfindlotsoferror
Reply

Anonymous 6/16/11,12:23PM
In8thpoint(b)part,youhavecalledvisitinone.cfilebutintwo.cfileyouhavenotdeclaredtheexternkeyword
beforeitsdefination...canuplztelmewhy?
Reply

Anonymous 8/6/11,1:46PM

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C programming Interview questions and answers: static variable in c

inthe8thpointwerlearningthescopeofstaticatoutsideofthefiles..
Reply

Anonymous 9/21/11,3:24PM
inthe8thpointthevisit()functionmustbedeclaredexternintwo.c.....correctmeifiamwrong..??
Reply
Replies
SimasA. 6/16/14,4:59PM
Allfunctionshaveexternasthedefaultstorageclass,sonoyoudon'tneedtowriteit.
Reply

dinhpq 10/13/11,11:14PM
Thanks.
Reply

Anonymous 11/18/11,1:08PM
reaalynice1....commendable
Reply

ranjith 1/2/12,4:59PM
#include
staticinti//Declaringthevariablei.
staticinti=25//Initializingthevariable.
staticinti//Againdeclaringthevariablei.
intmain(){
staticinti//Againdeclaringthevariablei.
printf("%d",i)
return0
}
Output:25

herifwecompileoutputweshouldget0only..beczinmainblocklocallyiofcoursestaticisnotinitialised...so
it intialissed by default as zero....comparing local and global local variable got more preference than global
staticvariable(i=25)..socompulsorywewillgetzeroasoutput....
plzcommenttothiscomment..toconformitcorrectanalysisornot
Reply
Replies
AnithaVenkatesan 1/26/13,3:16AM
Yathatscorrectactuallyitgivesoutputaso.

Vijai 2/11/14,9:05PM
YesyouarecorrectingccIdogetthesame.
vijay
Reply

urvinder 2/25/12,1:38AM
icheckedinvc++,itgivestheerrorwhilecompiling/**error'i':redefinitiondifferentstorageclass**/
Reply

Anonymous 2/25/13,8:58PM
thatwasacompletetutorial!!thanksbrother!!
Reply

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C programming Interview questions and answers: static variable in c

AtiqurRahman 4/7/13,11:11AM
Thiscommenthasbeenremovedbytheauthor.
Reply

SALILAGRAWAL 12/24/13,12:02PM
SimilarArticleseeifitmakessense
StaticVariablesinC
Reply

karthiknayak 5/19/14,7:29PM
brilliantexplanation:D
Reply

pravin 9/2/14,11:22AM
yescorrect
Reply

AmitKumar 2/22/15,3:34PM
Whyitsgivingoutputas:43
Cananyonepleaseexplainittome?
Thanxinadvance?
#include
staticinti//Declaringthevariablei.
staticinti=25//Initializingthevariable.
staticinti//Againdeclaringthevariablei.
intmain(){
inti//Againdeclaringthevariablei.
printf("%d",i)
return0
}
Reply
Replies
NraVrs 3/4/15,5:59PM
inti//Againdeclaringthevariablei.
Thereisnostatickeywordinfrontofthedeclaration.Itis"another"i,anautomatic,uninitializedi.
Thecontentofthememoryareawhereitisplacedisaccidentally43.
Reply

RajNaik 6/15/15,3:02PM
3.Asamestaticvariablecanbedeclaredmanytimesbutwecaninitializeatonlyonetime.Forexample:
(a)
#include
staticinti//Declaringthevariablei.
staticinti=25//Initializingthevariable.
staticinti//Againdeclaringthevariablei.
intmain(){
staticinti//Againdeclaringthevariablei.
printf("%d",i)
return0
}
Output:25
HereOutputshouldbezero,not25.
Reply

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C programming Interview questions and answers: static variable in c

MeenuRajput 7/31/15,10:32AM
Here,itgivesanoutput25butnotzerobecauseithasbeeninitializedas25althoughithasbeendeclared
againasalocalvariable.
Reply

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