Eccentrically Braced Frames

Presented by: Gustavo Cortes and Jose Monarrez

Outline

Design
Philosophy
Preliminary design (ASCE -7)
Force distribution
Design procedure (AISC specifications and AISC Seismic provisions)
Design summary

Performance Evaluation
Evaluation requirements (FEMA 356)
Findings and conclusions

Philosophy

To restrict the inelastic action to the

links, and
to design the framing around the
links to sustain the maximum forces
that can be delivered by the links.

EBF Advantages

If designed properly will achieve:

High elastic stiffness,
Stable inelastic response under cyclic
lateral loading,
Excellent ductility, and
Energy dissipation

Preliminary design

TEN-STORY OFFICE BUILDING DESIGN

Building project is located in Los Angeles,
California, USA
(2/3) Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE)

MCE with
Design Sa
Soil factors

MCE
Period (sec)
T=0.2
T=1.0

SM (g)
2
0.75

2
1.1

SD (g)
1.33
0.733

Design Data

Occupancy Category: I
Seismic Design Category: E
Importance Factor: 1
Seismic Weight W: 21,037 kips
Response Modification Coefficient: R=7
System Overstrength Factor: o=2
Deflection Amplification Factor: Cd=4
Fundamental Period: Ta=1.1sec
Load combinations per ASCE 7-05:
(1.2 + 0.2SDS)D + oQE + L + 0.2S
(0.9 0.2SDS)D + oQE + 1.6H

Base Shear and Force distribution

Floor Level

Fx (kip)

10

193

200

173

146

120

96

73

51

32

15
Base Shear = 1099 kip

Design Procedure
The Eccentrically Braced Frame Scope:
To have significant inelastic deformation in the links fuses

Link (yielding and strain hardening)

Beam outside of the Link (Elastic)

Beam-column action will control size of frame members

Brace (Elastic)

Link length will control the stiffness and ductility of the system

Must be stronger than demands generated by the link

Column (Elastic)

Forces from braces and beams.

Link
Design

Factored Loads applied to the link

From Analysis:

Ultimate Axial Force

Ultimate Shear Force
Ultimate Moment Force

Post-yielding behavior of link was controlled by shear yielding.

Short links (4ft) are expected to yield in shear. (related to the shear span).

Link rotation angle is the inelastic angle between the link and the BOL when
the total story drift = design story drift.

Links are protected zones

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

Check Local buckling

Determine the shear strength of the link
Check link rotation angle
Check lateral bracing requirements
Check stiffener requirements
Design of the welds connecting the stiffeners to the beam

Beam outside-of-the Link (BOL)

Design

Determine the amplified Loads

The strength in the beam outside-of-the link is based on the expected
shear of the link
The resulting link end moment is based on the expected shear of the
link.
The over-strength factor is to be used in the proportioning of BOL
elements that should remain in the linear range of response because
non-linear response is not acceptable.

1) Check Local Buckling

2) Determine unbraced length
3) Consider Second order Effects

Brace
Design

Determine the amplified loads

Note: No part of brace connection shall
extend over the link length

1) Check Local Buckling

2) Determine the unbraced length
3) Consider second order effects
4) Check combined loading
5) Check shear strength

Column
Design

Strength was determined based on

the load combinations of ASCE 7-05
The columns met the seismically
compact requirements

1) Calculate the effective length and slenderness ratio of the column

2) Check slenderness limits

Design Summary

Plans

Performance Evaluation
for the EBF Building

Modeling Parameters

As per FEMA 356 for an EBF:

The rotation at the link:

QCE
y =
K ee

The Moment at yield depends on the length

of the link:
1.6M CE
QCE = VCE = 0.6 Fye Aw
e
VCE

Mathematical Representation

Moment rotation relation-link

B

IO

LS

CP C
D

Modeling Parameters and

Acceptance Criteria

FEMA 356, Table 5-6

a

IO

LS

CP

Mathematical Representation

Force-deformation relationship-brace
B

IO

LS

CP

C
D

BSE 1 (Proportional to Cvx)

Failure of
2nd Floor
Link

19 in

Earthquake Hazard Level

Basic Safety Earthquake 1 (BSE 1): 10%/50 yrs.

Basic Safety Earthquake 2 (BSE 2) : 2%/50yrs.
(MCE)
2
e
2

T
t = C0C1C2C3 S a
g
4

For a very rigid building, the Te is small

(less than 1.0) results in a small target
displacement

BSE 1 (cont.)

9.5 in

BSE 2 (Proportional to Cvx)

14.4 in

BSE 1 (Uniform Load)

9.5 in

BSE 2 (Uniform Load)

14.4 in

Acceptance Criteria
NOTES:
Hazard Level

Load Pattern

IO

LS

CP

BSE 1

Cvx

Two links at the first

floor.

Uniform

The two links at

floors 1 to 3.

Cvx

The two links at

floors 1 and 2.

Uniform

First floor 2 CP

BSE 2

Second floor 2 LS
Third floor 2 IO

Performance Evaluation

Concluding Remarks

The building is very rigid our t

requirements are small
Even though our building satisfies
the Basic Safety Objectives we do
not feel very comfortable with its
behavior

Recommendations

It is highly recommended that a

performance evaluation be
conducted as part of the design
Modify the beam sizes to increase
ductility hinges formed only at
floors 1 to 4

Questions?