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Basic
Introduction to
Japanese Scripts
Particles
Introduction
FundamentalStructure
Particles play very important role in Japanese language and probably it is the most difficult and confusing
aspect in a Japanese sentence. A particle (/) is a word that shows the relationship of a word, a
phrase, or a clause to the rest of the sentence. There are also particles that have a peculiar usage which is
not found in English. Most particles are multi-functional. Below is the explanation of some particles used
frequently in Japanese language, but please note that these explanations are not all explanations about
particles.
Greetings
ga()
Hiragana
Katakana
kanji Structure
Usage
Verbs
Verbs Conjugation
Particles
Basu ga kimashita.
Adjectives
Demonstrative Words
Appendix
Practice Sheets
Counters
Means
NOTE: In this function, '' indicates a subject and '' indicates topic of the sentence. There are many
sentences in which subject of the sentence matches for topic of the sentence. For example, in upper
sentence, can be called not only as a topic but also as a subject of the sentence. But in the
sentence below, subject is different from the topic of the sentence.
(no)
Usage
Means
My book.
()
Tom san no tokei.
Tom's clock.
wa()
Usage
Means
I am British.
()
Kyou wa yasumi desu.
Today is a holiday.
(wo)
Usage
Means
I read a book.
I read a book.
() () ()
Watashi wa hon o yomimasu.
(ni
Usage
Means
time/date (ni
7() ()
Shichiji ni okimasu.
I get up at seven.
()10() ()
Kaigi wa juuji ni hajimarimasu.
I go to school.
() ()
Akihabara ni ikimasu.
I go to Akihabara.
(de)
Usage
Means
(de) Something
I go by bus.
()
Basu de ikimasu.
place (ni/ Goal of movement
()
Pen de kakimasu.
() ()
Tokyo de shigoto o shimasu.
I work in Tokyo.
(to)
Usage
Means
Noun to () Noun
() ()
London?
Tokyo to London no jisa wa nanjikan desuka?
Something with to ()
() () () ()
()() () ()
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