MPC(2 MARKS)

1) State the requirements of WAP.

Interoperable
Scalable
Efficient
Reliable
Secure
2) What is WTP? What are its classes?
WTP stands for Wireless Transaction Protocol. It has been designed to run on very thin
clients such as mobile phones. It has three classes:
Class 0: provides unreliable message transfer without any result message.
Class 1: provides reliable message transfer without exactly one reliable result message.
Class 2: provides reliable message transfer with exactly one reliable result message.
3) Define WAE.
The Wireless Application Environment, or WAE, provides an architecture for communication
between wireless devices and Web servers. To understand WAE, you should first be familiar
with the World Wide Web (WWW) model, which is a simpler architecture based on similar
principles.
In the WWW model, a browser requests a URL from a Web server via HTTP. That Web
server responds with an HTML page, which is also sent via HTTP. Because all browsers
speak HTTP and both client and server speak the same protocol, they can communicate
directly.
4) What is meant by pervasive computing? How is it done?
Pervasive Computing is a technology that pervade the users environment by making use
of multiple independent information devices (both fixed and mobile, homogeneous or
heterogeneous) interconnected seamlessly through wireless or wired computer communication
networks which are aimed to provide a class of computing / sensory / communication services to
a class of users, preferably transparently and can provide personalized services while ensuring a
fair degree of privacy / non-intrusiveness.
5) How and why does I-TCP isolate problems on the wireless link? What are the main
drawbacks of this solution?

The loss of the end to end semantics of TCP causes problems if the foreign agent
portioning the TCP connection crashes. Increased handover latency is more problematic in
practical use . The foreign agent must be a trusted entity because the TCP connections end at this
point.
6) Mention two WAP service providers. Find two cell phones supporting WAP and identify
which WAP version they support.
Wireless application protocol (WAP) is a common effort of many companies and
organizations to set up a framework for wireless and mobile web access using many different
transport systems. Eg. GSM, GPRS, UMTS
WAP service providers : O2, Orange, British Telecom (BT), Vodafone, T-Mobile, Virgin, Three,
Tesco
7) Why the TCP protocols used in wired networks cannot be as such used in wireless
networks?

Any packet loss is considered to be the result of congestion and the congestion
window size is reduced dramatically as a precaution

Wireless links are known to experience sporadic and usually temporary losses
due to fading, shadowing, hand off, and other radio effects, that cannot be

considered congestion
8) Discuss the problems of a file system in mobile environment.
Problems of a file system Limited resources on portable devices

Limited resources on portable devices

Low bandwidth of the wireless access

Cannot rely on large caches in the end. system or perform many updates via
the wireless link.

9) Can the problems using TCP for mobile communication be solved by replacing TCP with
snooping TCP? Justify your answer.
Ans: yes
Buffering of packets sent to the mobile host lost packets on the wireless link (both
retransmitted immediately by the mobile host or directions) will be foreign agent,
respectively (so called local retransmission)
The foreign agent therefore snoops the packet flow and recognizes acknowledgements in both
directions, it also filters ACKs
Changes of TCP only within the foreign agent

10) How does biometric authentication work in pervasive computing?

Biometrics is the science and technology of measuring and analyzing biological data. In
information technology, biometrics refers to technologies that measure and analyze human body
characteristics, such as DNA, fingerprints, eye retinas and irises, voice patterns, facial patterns
and hand measurements, for authentication purposes.