ELECTROPHORESIS
ELECTROPHORESIS
Yunika Mayangsari, S.Si., M. Biotech
2012
Warming up
Elektroforesis adalah teknik pemisahan molekul
bermuatan berdasarkan perbedaan tingkat migrasinya
dalam sebuah medan listrik.
Prinsip kerja :
Na+Cl-
cathode
anode
Jenis elektroforesis
Elektroforesis kertas dan Selulosa
Asetat
Elektroforesis gel
Matriks berupa polimer berpori
Ukuran pori (konsentrasi materi
Poliakrilamida
Agarose (polisakarida)
Aplikasi
Elektroforesis
Analisis protein (ukuran) SDS-
PAGE
Analisis DNA (ukuran,
sekuensing) Agarose
APPLICATION OF
Electrophoresis Gel
Separation of protein
mixture
Separation of glycoprotein
Lipids separation
Nucleic acid (DNA, RNA)
Enzymes mixture
separation
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Muatan bervariasi
Muatan per massa bervariasi
4.4
3.6
10
2.6
20
1.8
30
1.3
Sistem Buffer
Buffer digunakan untuk menjaga kestabilan pH
Gel elektroforesis
Gel yang digunakan dalam sistem ini terdiri atas gel
penumpuk (Stacking gel) yang berpori besar dan Gel
pemisah (separating gel/ resolving gel) yang berpori
lebih kecil.
Molekul sampel yang melewati gel penumpuk berada di
atas gel pemisah dan sampel diletakkan di atas gel
penumpuk.
Sampel yang tertumpuk (stacked) pada gel penumpuk
(pori besar), setelah dialirkan arus listrik maka
molekul akan bergerak melewati pori-pori gel
pemisah, dan terpisahkan berdasar BM.
Stacking gel
Gel concentration, %
20.0
10.0
5.0
Reservoir buffer, ml
Acrylamide-bisacrylamide
(30:0.8)
2.5
20.0
10.0
5.0
5.5
3.75
3.75
3.75
100
10% SDS
0.3
0.3
0.3
1.5% ammonium
persulfate
0.2
1.5
1.5
1.5
Water
11.3
4.45
14.45
19.45
900
TEMED
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
Stacking gel
Resolving gel
Resolving buffer
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TEMED
Degassed the solution under a vacuum to
prevent air bubbles during polymerization
Add ammonium persulfate and TEMED, soon
the gel is ready to be polymerized
Before the gel polimerizes, introduce solution
into gel sandwich using pipet as soon as
posible
Stop when gel solution reach about 1.5 cm from
top of front plate or 0.5 cm below level where
teeth of comb will reach
Gently layer about 1 cm of water on top of
separating gel solution
Allow gel to polymerize, 30-60 minutes
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and TEMED
Degassed the solution under a vacuum to
prevent air bubbles during polymerization
Add ammonium persulfate and TEMED, soon
the gel is ready to be polymerized
Before the gel polimerizes, pipet stacking gel
solution onto separating gel until solution
reaches top of front plate
Carefully insert comb into gel sandwhich
until bottom of teeth reach top of front plate
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Protein extraction :
Samples may be taken from whole tissue or from cell culture. In most cases,
solid tissues are first broken down mechanically using a blender, homogenizer,
or by sonication
A combination of biochemical and mechanical techniques including various
types of filtration and centrifugation can be used to separate different cell
compartments and organelles
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polyethylene glycol
Ultrafiltration
Lyophylization (freeze drying)
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Loading sample
The solution of proteins to be analyzed is
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Note :
A tracking dye may be added to the protein to allow the
experimenter to track the progress of the protein solution
through the gel during the electrophoretic run
Precipitation of protein in sample buffer may be due to
denatured protein, too litle SDS, too litle reducing agent,
overlay acidic condision, or presence of pottasium which
precipitates SDS
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Running a gel
Attached electrode plugs to
proper electrodes
Turn on power supply and set
the voltage to 200 V and tyhe
ampere about 60-110 mA
depend on gel thickness
Turf off power supply
Remove electrode plugs from
electrodes
Carefully remove a spacer
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STAINING
Protein :
Coomassie blue R250 stain : coomassie blue R-250, methanol, glacial acetic
acid
Silver stain : silver nitrate, NaOH, ammonium hydroxide, citric acid,
formaldehyde
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Gel elektoforesis
IDENTIFICATION / INTERPRETATION
Calculate retardation factor (Rf) of sample and standard
If Rf sample and Rf standard is same then it can be assumed sample is same with standard
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DNA
Power
+
Gel agarose berpori-pori, DNA
bergerak melewati
Scanning Electron Micrograph of
Agarose Gel (11 m)
kecil
besar
Power
Bufer
Agarose
Electrophoresis Equipment
Power supply
Tutup
Tangki Gel
Kabel
Casting tray
Sisir Gel
Seal the edges of the casting tray and put in the combs. Place the casting
tray on a level surface. None of the gel combs should be touching the
surface of the casting tray.
Agarose
Larutan bufer
Gently swirl the solution periodically when heating to allow all the grains of agarose
to dissolve.
***Be careful when boiling - the agarose solution may become superheated and
may boil violently if it has been heated too long in a microwave oven.
Menuangkan gel
Each of the gel combs should be submerged in the melted agarose solution.
DNA
buffer
wells
Cathode
(negative)
Anode
(positive)
Preparasi Sample
Campur sample DNA dengan bufer sampel. Ini memudahkan sampel
masuk kedalam sumuran, karena adanya gliserol yg memperberat
sampel.
6X Loading Buffer:
Bromophenol Blue (for color)
Glycerol (for weight)
Carefully place the pipette tip over a well and gently expel the sample.
The sample should sink into the well. Be careful not to puncture the
gel with the pipette tip.
Cathode
(-)
wells
Bromophenol Blue
DNA
(-)
Gel
Anode
(+)
DNA
migration
Note: bromophenol
blue migrasi = 300 bp
DNA
bromophenol blue
+
2,000
1,650
1,000
850
650
500
400
300
200
100
Inclusion of a DNA ladder (DNAs of know sizes) on the gel makes it easy to
determine the sizes of unknown DNAs.