NIRMAAN11

Souvenir of the all India Biennial Civil

Engineering Festival

Organised by

Civil Engineering Society

Department of Civil Engineering
Institute of Technology BHU
Varanasi 221 005

Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Ji

150th Anniversary
(25.12.186112.11.1946)
Founder of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi

A Brief History of Mahamana Jis Life:

adan Mohan Malaviya Ji was a great Indian nationalist and a

true propounder of Hindu culture. He joined the Indian National
Congress during its Second session in 1886. He had been
associated with the Congress party and twice elected as its
president. Later he became the president of the Hindu Mahasabha. He
played an important role in bringing about the Congress - League accord. He
was the founder of Banaras Hindu University. Pandit Madan Mohan
Malaviya, a staunch supporter of Hindu Culture and Civilization was born
on 25 December 1861 in a poor family. He was a brilliant student. He
completed his graduation in 1891 and later on joined law. But the call of
Mother India to free her from the oppressive British rule inspired him to
plunge into the freedom struggle. Malaviya was an able parliamentarian. He
was elected to the provincial and central Legislatures several times. He was
also the editor of "The Hindustan", "The Indian Union" and the Abhyudaya.
He was very popular among the Indian masses as well as among the British
officers. He was called Mahamana and very much loved by all. Due to the
love of his supporters and his long association with the Congress he was
elected twice as the president of the Congress. The credit of bringing about
the Congress and the Muslim League into one platform and the signing of
the Congress - league accord goes to him. Malaviya Ji was a great admirer of
Swadeshi goods. He promoted the use of indigenous manufactures and
helped to organise the Indian Industrial Conferences and the Uttar Pradesh
Industrial Association at Allahabad in 1907. The contribution of Madan
Mohan Malaviya to Indian education has been significant and a mile stone
in the field of education. He established the Banaras Hindu University and
for several years served as its Vice - Chancellor. While establishing this
University he collected funds from the rulers. In spite of their disagreement
with his views the landlords and Maharajas generously contributed for this
noble cause. His appeal was so very convincing and impressive that no one
dared to deny him. Malaviya was a great exponent of Indian Culture. He
became famous for his social, ethical and educational upliftment. He died in
1946 at the age of 85.

PREFACE
ivil Engineering Department, IT-BHU feels proud to introduce
Nirmaan11 under the banner of Civil Engineering Society. With
both students and faculty as its members the Civil Engineering

Society, IT-BHU was formed with the primary aim of exposing future civil
engineers to challenges of the profession. The Civil Engineering Society
prides itself in the lively interaction between the students and the faculty
The Civil Engineering Society activities of 2 years culminate in NIRMAAN,
the Civil Engineering festival. The festival acts as a launching platform for
budding civil engineers and brings out their creativity through competitive
events.
This conference gives an opportunity to the young students and scientist in
Civil engineering to expose their geniuses. It is good opportunity for the
budding engineers to include a culture of research, thinking exchanging and
presenting ideas and technologies in a professional manner. It is expected
that the deliberations in the conference through paper presentation and
contributory research papers will focus on the key issues of civil engineering
and thus will help in formulating the future research strategies, useful for
the nation and seed the buds in the young mind of the student.
The technical paper in the conference encompasses a wide spectrum on Civil
Engineering. The conference attempts to highlight the recent Advances in
Civil Engineering and its allied field.
The Civil Engineering Society and organizing committee of NIRMAAN-2011
extend their thanks and sincere appreciation to everyone who made the
conference and proceedings possible, and hope this document is of use to
the reader.
B. Kumar & P. R. Maiti

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

o give shape to the proceedings and conference in general a large

number of individuals and groups have contributed in many ways
and it is our pleaser to acknowledge their efforts. We are extremely

thankful to the contributory authors for their contribution and co-operation,

which has resulted in the timely publication of these proceedings.
We are thankful to all faculty members of Civil Engineering Department for
their support at different stages of the conference.
We are extremely thankful to our students Aniruddha, Aayush, Shashank
and Hanush for their untiring efforts during the preparation of proceedings
of the technical paper and souvenir.
We wish to acknowledge the help we received from various individuals and
institutions in the preparation of the proceedings.

B. Kumar & P. R. Maiti

KULGEET

IT CHORUS

Hand in hand we go together,

Hand in hand we are singing along.

Side by side we face the music,

Win or lose we always sing a song.

Wave the flag, well keep it flying,

Till the sun shines oer the land

If the luck is good well always share the cheers,

If the luck is bad, well gladly bear the tears.

Till the day we turn the corner,

Well keep on as along as we are hand in hand.

If you keep on smiling at the rainbow,

You will never mind a shower of rain.

Keep your head on the clouds,

Dont get lost in the crowds.

Always keep song in your heart,

And shout hip-hip hurrah.

Schedule
Date: 1st 3rd April, 2011
Venue: Department of Civil Engineering, IT BHU

1st April, 2011

Venue
Time

Seminar Hall

2pm-3pm

Sanrachna Material Hand Over

3pm-4pm
4pm-5pm

G-1

Inaugural
Strassenkarte

Guest Lecture / Presentation

2nd April, 2011

9am-11am

Pragati

11am-12pm

Guest Lecture

12noon -1:30pm

Cerebro

Aramus

Cricket Match

3rd April, 2011

9am-11am

Pragati

Adhyayan

11am-12noon

Guest Lecture

Cerebro Finals

12noon -1pm

Closing Ceremony

Sanrachna finals

Institute of Technology: A Profile

The Institute of Technology (IT-BHU) is one of the pioneers in engineering
education in India. Started way back in 1919, IT-BHU moved into the 21st
century and is still rated among Top 10 engineering institutions in India. It
presently has 12 departments and schools and produces and provides high
quality technical manpower which drives Indias Hi-Tech ambitions. Its
students are amongst the top 0.1% of Indias engineering elite who are
admitted through the top notch competitive entrance test, IITJEE. It has
2,500 students on its rolls pursuing academic and research excellence in
various disciplines of engineering and technology at the levels of B.Tech,
M.Tech and PhD. set up in the mystic city of Banaras, IT- BHU has not only
established itself as a premier educational institution producing graduate
engineers with sound technological background, but has grown into a
Centre which produces versatile and well rounded individuals. With a rich
tradition for producing some of the finest brainpower in the country, ITBHU alumni today occupy top level positions across various firms in the
global industry.

CIVIL ENGINEERING SOCIETY (CES)

Department of Civil Engineering
Institute of Technology
Banaras Hindu University

OBJECTIVE
The Civil Engineering Society (CES), IT-BHU was formed with the primary
aim of exposing future civil engineers to the challenges of the profession.
With both students and faculty as its members, the organization is one of
the most active Civil Engineering Societies in India. CES organizes activities
like expert lectures by distinguished practitioners of the profession,
numerous competitions and sports activities for the students throughout
the year.
ACTIVITIES

The Civil Engineering Society is a forum of students and faculty of Civil

Engineering Department that promotes technical competency, self reliance
and patriotism among the students through interaction with outside
experts,

past

students

holding

responsible

positions

and

eminent

administrators as well. Given the larger role of shaping the infrastructural

needs of the country, the Society also helps the students to hone their talent
by organising literary events, games and sports etc. throughout the year.

Inception of NIRMAAN
The CES prides itself in the lively interaction between the students and
faculty. The CES activities of two years culminate in NIRMAAN The Civil
Engineering Festival. The festival attracts people from all over India and acts
as a launching platform for budding civil engineers. NIRMAAN11 features
various competitive events which bring out the creative genius of students.

Events at a Glance
PRAGATI:
This event aims at nurturing emerging scholars amongst us by giving them an opportunity to prove
their research skills to everyone around. If you really feel your observation is useful enough to be
shared then do not miss this golden opportunity to spread your word to one and all.
ADHYAYAN:
Forming a link between academia and industry, industrial defined problems touches almost every
aspect of civil engineering study- form depth of scientific thought to feasibility of your solution. The
problem statement would be modelled on a current industry trend and the participants are
expected to provide comprehensive executable solutions.
SANRACHNA:
This event aims at imparting practical know how of civil structures in general. This event will give a
chance to the participants to learn the practical applications of civil engineering and the challenges
faced in real situation of building a structure. This even would be technically informative on one
hand and fun and interesting the other. It will provide excellent learning opportunity.
ARAMUS:
This event exposes its participants in city planning which is the theme of this event. It gives freedom
to these creative minds to design and compete among themselves.
CEREBRO:
This quizzing event will focus on the general awareness of civil engineered marvels and various
achievements in the field.
STRASSENKARTE:
It is to bring the bizarre and uncanny ideas of the participants to accomplish a transport system, the
way they wish and bring the sacred city of Banaras out of the shackles of traffic menace.

PAPER PRESENTATION
Category 1

Recent Advances in Structural

Engineering

INVESTIGATION ABOUT THE LOCATION OF SHEAR

WALL IN RCC MEDIUM-RISE BUILDING
S.Agrawal, S.Anshuman, Dipendu Bhunia and R. K. Pandey

Shear wall systems are one of the most commonly used lateral-load resisting
systems in high-rise buildings. Shear walls have very high in-plane stiffness and
strength, which can be used to simultaneously resist large horizontal loads and
support gravity loads, making them quite advantageous in many structural
engineering applications. There are lots of literatures available to design and
analyze the shear wall. However, the decision about the location of shear wall in
multi-storey building is not much discussed in any literatures.
In this paper, therefore, main focus is to determine the solution for shear wall
location in multi-storey building based on its both elastic and elasto-plastic
behaviours. An earthquake load is calculated and applied to a building of fifteen
stories located in zone IV. Elastic and Elasto-plastic analyses were performed using
both STAAD Pro 2004 and SAP V 10.0.5 (2000) software packages. Shear forces,
bending moment and story drift were computed in both the cases and location of
shear wall was established based upon the above computations.
Keywords: linear behaviour of shear wall, seismic analysis, STAAD Pro 2004 and
SAP V 10.0.5 (2000)

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF LARGE AMPLITUDE

FREE FLEXURAL VIBRATION OF ISOTROPIC PLATES
A. K. Mishra & M. R. Barik

Susceptibility to fracture of materials due to vibration is determined from stress

and frequency. Maximum amplitude of the vibration must be in the limited for the
safety of the structure. Hence vibration analysis has become very important in
designing a structure. Also the response of the structure changes when the
amplitude of vibration is large. The present study analyses some rectangular &
skew plates for their non-linear free vibration frequencies by FEM.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF

CABLE NETWORKS OF VARIOUS CONFIGURATIONS
TO REDUCE WIND & RAIN-WIND INDUCED
VIBRATIONS IN CABLE STAYED BRIDGES
Parikshit Verma

Cable stayed bridges are the most advanced, aesthetic and economic types of
bridges at present. One of the major problems with cable stayed bridges is wind
and rain-wind induced vibrations. Present paper is based on the study conducted
Caracoglia & Zuo (2009) to investigate the effectiveness of various cable
configurations having combined system of cross ties and dampers to mitigate the
large amplitude deflections caused by wind.
This study reviews the result of experiments conducted on Fred Hartman
Bridge, Huston, Texas, USA which are helpful in the future design of cable stayed
bridges
Key Words: Cable Stayed Bridges, Cable Networks, Viscous Dampers, Cross-ties,
Numerical method

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN WITH FRP BARS

Abhinav Srivastava

Over the last thirty years composite materials, plastics, and ceramics have been the
dominant emerging materials. The volume and number of applications of composite
materials has grown steadily, penetrating and conquering new markets relentlessly.
Today high performance fibre reinforced plastics (FRP) are starting to challenge that
most ubiquitous material, steel, in everyday applications as diverse as automobile
bodies and civil infrastructure. Each type of composite brings its own performance
characteristics that are typically suited for specific applications. High performance
FRP can now be found in such diverse applications as composite armouring
designed to resist explosive impacts, fuel cylinders for natural gas vehicles,
windmill blades, industrial drive shafts, support beams of highway bridges and
even paper making rollers. FRP bars have been and are being used to replace
conventional steel rebars for a host of reasons, but perhaps the most relevant is
that of prevention of reinforcement corrosion. The principles for design and
construction have been recently established and proposed to industry by the

American Concrete Institute (ACI). The fundamental principles at the basis of this
document are rooted in the steel-reinforced concrete practice with modifications to
account for the physico-mechanical characteristics of FRP. Some unresolved
questions remain pertaining to specifications, test methods, detailing, validation
and long-term durability (including fire resistance). Resolving these issues will
increase the degree of confidence in the technology and allow for its more
economical exploitation.

SEISMIC RETROFITTING OF BUILDINGS

G. Ayiswarya, S.Pradeepa

This paper deals with the seismic retro fitting in construction using FRP strips.
Externally bonded (ebb) fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) have been employed
extensively throughout the world in numerous rehabilitation applications of
reinforced concrete or masonry structures. This paper focuses on the seismic
retrofitting

and masonry walls by means of FRPs. Basic retrofit issues, namely

shear strengthening and increase of confinement at plastic hinge or lap splice

regions, are summarized first and a summary of application techniques is given.
Some key behavior and design aspects for shear-strengthened or FRP-confined
members are provided and a brief description of some recent developments related
to the seismic strengthening of beamcolumn joints is presented.

STABILITY ANALYSIS OF HUMAYUNS TOMB

Meenakshi Verma, Tabish Mohammad, Uroos Choudhry,
Ankur Gautam, Neha Bansal

Archaeological monuments, arts and crafts, oral and written literature, living
traditions, natural features and environment are all a part of our heritage. All that
we manifest in our day to day life is a part of our heritage.
We live in a country known for its varied natural environment and rich cultural
heritage seen in our world famous monuments, archaeological sites, natural areas
and our living traditions. Collectively, it is a past that we have a responsibility to
safeguard for future. It is our solemn responsibility to respect, cherish and preserve
the heritage that we have inherited.

The present study is an attempt in this direction to study the stability of an

existing monument Humayuns Tomb, so that so that we can figure out the
measures, if required, to protect it from damage. A procedure is established to
evaluate the critical forces and suggest the corresponding behaviour.

AN OVERVIEW OF SOFT COMPUTING TOOL ANN:

INTERDISCIPLINARY ENGINEERING PERSPECTIVE
Mousumi Dhara, K. K. Shukla

Soft computing is an emerging field that consists of complementary elements of

fuzzy logic, neural computing, evolutionary computation, machine learning and
probabilistic reasoning. Due to their strong learning, cognitive ability and good
tolerance of uncertainty and imprecision, soft computing techniques have found
wide application. Soft computing differs from conventional computing in that,
unlike hard computing, it is tolerant of imprecision, uncertainty, partial truth, and
approximation. In effect, the role model for soft computing is the human mind. A
neural network is a powerful data modelling tool that is able to capture and
represent complex input/output relationships. The motivation for the development
of neural network technology stemmed from the desire to develop an artificial
system that could perform "intelligent" tasks similar to those performed by the
human brain. ANN ensemble techniques have become very popular amongst neural
network practitioners in a variety of ANN application domains. Neural network is a
learning paradigm where a collection of finite number of neural networks is trained
for the same task.
Keywords: ANN, soft computing, learning paradigm

Transatlantic Underwater tunnel - the natural way to

bridge water
Shreya Thusoo, Anuradha Choudhary, Trishna Jana

A transatlantic tunnel is a theoretical tunnel which would span the Atlantic Ocean
between North America and Europe and would carry mass transit of some type
trains are envisioned in most proposals. Using advanced technologies, speeds of
500 to 8,000 kilometres per hour (310 to 5,000 mph) are envisaged which would
result in minimising the travel time between New York City and London to less
than one hour. This submerged floating tunnel is an innovative concept for
crossing waterways, utilizing the law of buoyancy to support the structure at a
moderate and convenient depth and draws heavily from submarine manufacturing
and modular construction technology. The tube like structure is flexible with
respect to cross section, length and water depth which can be held in place by
columns, tethers or pontoons. Giant anchors would be sunk into the sea bottom.
From these anchors, tethers would be attached to the buoyant tunnel sections near
the sea surface. These tunnel sections would be transported by a specialised ship
called an immersion pontoon, then lowered into place. This underwater tunnel
system may be used for vehicular traffic flow, including rail, automobile and truck
traffic and hence can be conveniently linked to the rural network or to the
underground infrastructure of the cities. It is environmentally benign and will not
adversely

dominate

the

skyline

of

the

surrounding

region.

Fibonacci series
Naveen Kumar, Sudhanshu Shekhar

This is not just a series, it is the gateway for modern development designing and
innovation.
Many of the greatest architecture of the world are constructed by use of golden
grid, golden number, ratio based on this series e.g. Tajmahal, leaning tower of pisa
etc. not only this ,this has a huge contribution in the fields of arts, acoustic,
literature, music, designing, every field we look upon.
This is a tremendous treasure that can be looted for making our world more
beautiful, simple and precise.

Our presentation is based on this secret series. And how this can be included in
civil engineering to build the mega structures, city planning and so on.

Bubbled Ductal Concrete

M.Pradeep Reddy, K.Sai Bharani, K. Sai Phani Kishore

The main theme involved in our work is to provide a high strength concrete mainly
for bridge elements by using the concept of using cement, fly-ash, fine sand, silica
fume and plastic bubbles as a filler, additive and water, using a low water cement
ratio and may include high-strength steel fibers or non-metallic fibers. The ash
which we used is the pond ash which has great characteristics of binding and
compressive strength when hardened along with constituents of cement, water,
sand, and silica fume.
Plastic bubbles are introduced because as we know that the upper part of concrete
takes the compression whereas the lower part of concrete takes the tension in
comparative to both the limit state design and working stress methods of designs,
as a part a layer is present in between the both layers of compression and tensile
zone which comprises of the concrete material which does not serve its purpose for
adding up the strength. Thus by providing these plastic bubbles at these layers, as
they will provide adequate bending of the concrete and ductile nature to concrete
by both steel fibers and plastic bubbles we can obtain a desired shape of
construction by ductile nature along with the strength. Also the plastic bubbles
that we provide will create a vacuum or air bubbles inside by degrading and it will
increase the void ratio and we observed that the weight of the block is also reduced
to nearly by 30% equally providing the same strength of 230-250Mpa as a
complete. Thus the work provides a low weight an high strength concrete which is
highly essential for the construction of bridge elements, big structures. Our
observations conclude that the steel fibers will provide ductility and add up to the
adequate strength of 200-230Mpa of compressive strength and 30-50Mpa of
flexural strength. The density being 2.25t/m^3 is a key to the reduction of weight.
Also it provides a recycling of plastic and pond ash which are the waste products
that are a problem of decomposing.
Key words: plastic bubbles, steel fibers, pond ash, highly ductile, high strength,
low weight.

CONSTRUCTION OF EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT

BUILDINGS
Mayank Saxena, Ratnesh Thakur, Deepak Kumar

During earthquake lateral forces acts on any structure due to horizontal motion
of earth surface. The horizontal forces are transferred to the building through
the foundation. So our main aim is to isolate the foundation from the
surrounding ground.
So that forces are not transferred to the structure during motion of the earth
surface.
For this purpose, we can use ball bearings of appropriate size, strength and
properties. These bearings will be placed between the ground and the
foundation. These bearings allow the vertical transfer of the load to the ground
normally. During an earthquake, when the ground shakes these bearings roll
over the foundation. This prevents the foundation from moving along with the
ground. As a result of which no force is transferred to the foundation and no
stress is developed in the structure.

Self Healing Concrete A Bacteriological Approach

Shakti Das and Monika Pattnaik

Concrete is one of the main materials used in the construction industry, from the
foundation of buildings to the structure of bridges and underground parking lots.
The problem with traditional concrete however is the formation of cracks. This has
negative consequences for the durability of the concrete.
Instead of costly humans having to maintain and repair the concrete, it would be
ideal if the concrete would be able to heal itself. The cement industry is a major
global contributor to world CO2 emissions (8% in 2008). A major cause of this high
percentage is the durability issues associated with concrete. In recent years a new
breed on concrete that has the ability to heal cracks which are a major cause of
these durability issue has been developed called Self-healing Concrete. This is now
possible with the help of special bacteria. These bacteria are called extremophile,
because they love to live in extreme conditions. In dry concrete for example they
will not only live, but they will actively produce copious amounts of limestone. With
this calcium carbonate based material the little construction workers can actively
repair the occurring cracks in a concrete.

This novel type of self healing concrete will lead to enormous savings on
maintenance and repair costs. Also the sustainability of concrete will increase
dramatically, because of a lower demand for natural resources such as cement.
This will lead to lower CO2 emissions and change our way of reasoning. Instead of
building against nature, biological materials and processes will be integrated into
traditional engineering materials and processes.
The main goal of the present study therefore is to show concrete-immobilized
calcite-producing bacteria could potentially represent an alternative crack-healing
mechanism in concrete.

Earthquake Resistant Structures

Siva Prasad, Indrajeet, Ishu bansal

Natural disasters have been affecting the mankind since times immemorial.
Earthquakes are one of the most furious of them costing millions of lives as well as
property
to
us.
Recently
the
world
saw
Japan witnessing devastating impact of the earthquakes as well as its after effects.
And the researchers are predicting even higher frequency Earthquakes in future.
During an earthquake, buildings collapse due to its inertia of rest. But
we know that earthquake proof is not possible so, our mission is
to
minimise
the
impact
due
to
vibrations.
This paper mainly focuses on the structure of an earthquake resistant building. It
includes

Containment Reinforcement in masonry walls.

Using Coupling Beams around the openings like windows, doors etc.
Base Isolation Techniques like using pressure pads, hydraulic pads, ball
bearings etc.
Preferable shapes and materials of the building depending up on the seismic
zone and the soil type.

Moreover, the reinforced concrete structure has advantages over wooden

houses as they can sustain even higher frequency earthquakes without
collapsing.

Category 2

Emerging Concepts in
Environmental Engineering

GREEN BUILDINGS
N. Venkateswarlu

With the rapid advancement in the technology, the building industry is growing at
an enormous pace. This has resulted in an adverse impact, being made on the
environment. The pollution, resulting from the construction activities, is disturbing
the natural ecosystems and the damage caused by it, is irreparable. One area of
concern is the energy consumption and release of CO2. Green building technology
is expected to provide solutions to the problems faced by the world. Engineers,
architects and builders must ensure that the development is sustainable and for
the betterment of the society. An attempt has been made, I this paper, to outline
the various concepts and outcomes of using green buildings.

USE OF RECEPTOR MODELLING IN SOURCE

APPORTIONMENT STUDY OF AMBIENT
PARTICULATE MATTER: REVIEW OF THE EXISTING
MODELS
Vivek Kumar Singh, Abhishek Jain

Several health studies have demonstrated an association between air pollution

sources and adverse health and environmental effects. Therefore, it is important to
identify the various sources contributing to the environment we are exposed to and
the characteristics of those sources and of major air pollutants so that they can be
controlled appropriately. The Physical and Chemical Characteristics of air
pollutants can be understood with the help of Receptor Models which help in
identifying their sources and in estimating contributions of each source to receptor
contributions. This paper provides a quick review of the basic Receptor Models
(CMB,PMF and UNMIX) that are practised for PM source apportionment when the
sources are unknown.
Keywords: Chemical mass balance (CMB); Source Apportionment; Positive matrix
factorization (PMF); UNMIX; PM.

LOW-COST HOUSING
P. Tarun, Ch. Kishan Kumar

The scope of the study covers national perspectives on housing for economically
weaker sections of the society, defining the problems and efforts that should be
made for solving the existing housing technologies. Housing is one of the
fundamental needs of any living being. Whether, rich or poor, all of us need a place
to live. But if we look at the cost of purchasing a house across the country and
metros in particular, its well beyond the affordable limit of the majority. In a
society where the majority cannot afford a place of their own because of the
skyrocketing property prices, low cost housing assumes crucial importance.
Moreover, the Government of India has a vision Housing for all by the year 2010.
Cost effective does not mean low quality and low durability meant only for lowincome or poor sections. This paper also deals with the efficiencies of low cost
housing and use of new materials and their experimentation on affected areas and
also the introduction of paper and cardboard as a building material. This paper is
based on reporting review.

BIO-FILTERS IN SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT
Sravani, Shiva Shankar Y and Abhishek Kumar

Bio-logical treatment by the use of bacteria and other microorganisms to remove

contaminants in air, water and waste water by assimilating them is emerging technology in
environmental management. The applications of Bio-logical methods are increasing due to
advantages like cost effectiveness and use of natural systems with decreased by-products.
All Bio-logical-treatment processes take advantage of bacterias remarkable ability to use
diverse waste constituents to provide the energy for microbial metabolism and the building
blocks for cell synthesis. This metabolic activity can remove contaminants. These methods
can be applied in various fields like air treatment removing odors and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), water and waste water management. This paper discusses about the
applications of Bio-filters in environmental management.
Keywords: Bio-filter, Vegetative Filter Strips, Grey Water, Storm Water, Volatile Organic
Compounds

PURIFYING WATER: THE GREEN WAY

Ratnambar Singh , Vishwas Gupta & Raghav Maheshwari

In the present scenario quality of water has deteriorated due to the poor
management of our water resources and lack of awareness among the water users
.So, to overcome this problem water is chemically treated to adjust pH, to remove
solids, to disinfect water etc. Coagulation-flocculation is one of the most important
processes that involved in conventional water treatment at which it is able to
achieve such objectives. Aluminium salts are widely used as chemical coagulant in
the water purification process all over the world. However, the problem is
concerned with large production of sludge volume and Alzheimer's disease in case
of aluminium salts. Another major problem is that it reacts with the alkalinity
present in the water leading to the reduction of pH and its low efficiency in
coagulation in cold water.
Need For Natural coagulants: Water-borne diseases like dysentery and diarrhoea
that kill thousands of children year after year can be checked by the natural
coagulants like Nirmali, Khas-khas and elaichi (cardamom), cactus, Moringa
Oleifera, Lotus, Tannins etc. Natural macromolecular coagulants show bright
future and are concerned by many researchers because their abundant sources,
low price, innocuity, malfunctioning and biodegradation. It has been found that
natural coagulants are economically and environmentally more acceptable than
chemical coagulants.
MORINGA OLEIFERA (SAHJANA): The seed kernels of Moringa oleifera contain
significant quantities of water-soluble proteins. When the crushed seeds are added
to raw water, the proteins produce a positive charge which acts like a magnet
attracting particles like clay, silt, bacteria, and other toxic particles. The proteins
bind the particles by forming flocs which can be easily removed using filters. The
method appears suitable for home water treatment in rural areas of developing
countries. It definitely produces water with Low Risk.
CACTUS : The Prickly Pear Cactus generally contains an agent i.e., Cactus
Mucilage which has the ability to clear the water of sediments and bacteria within
minutes. Cactuss mucilage is actually a thick gum that the plant uses to store
water. This gum when diluted to the water which has high levels of either sediment
or the bacterium Bacillus cereus. Its been discovered that the mucilage acts as a
flocculants. The agent causes all the sediments to join together and settle at the

bottom of the water. The gum also causes the sediments particles to settle down. It
is revealed that this process made the water 98% bacteria free.
TANNINS: Tannins are high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic compounds
widely distributed through the plant kingdom. Tannins can be classified into two
groups , the proanthocyanidins (or condensed tannins) and the polyesters of gallic
acid. Tannins are found in the leaves, fruits, barks, roots and wood of trees. The
reaction of tannin with formaldehyde and amino-ethanol produces a weakly, basic
polymer that is more effective than alum in removing turbidity and especially
colour from river water. In addition tannin helps the filtration process. The effect of
tannin on filterability of sludge formed in the coagulation process is that the sludge
could be filtered more easily when tannin was used as a coagulant aid. At the
optimum conditions with tannin, the turbidity decreased from 10 and 20 to <0.02
and 0.9 FTU (formazin turbidity units), respectively.
It is concluded that natural coagulants should not be regarded as a panacea for
rural water supply problems, but also a tool in the development of sustainable
water supply services.

ECO-FRIENDLY BUILDING
Ravi Chinni

Eco-Friendly Building uses natural resources to produce electricity for its use and
also renews renewable resources.
Rain water is collected at the top of the building in open top room. Water is
released from the top and it falls on the turbines present in a block which is
constructed below the building and the electricity is generated from motors. The
water is transferred to another block where water is collected. The water is used to
recharge the ground water and pump the water to use in household activities.
In building, electricity is produced and renews renewable resources. Therefore the
building is known as ECO-FRIENDLY BUILDING

GREEN BUILDINGS
Monica Padhy, Pooja Bharti, Kalpana Misra

When the pre historic man constructed a hut for the first time using bamboo trees
and coconut leaves to protect himself from sun and rain, he was starting to exploit
nature for his humble needs. Apart from killing the trees he also disturbed the

natural habitat of the insects and birds in those trees and interfered in the cycles of
nature. That was a beginning.
Now, it is beyond imagination, how much damage has been inflicted on earth by
the construction of various types of buildings using sand and water from the rivers,
stones from the mountains, cement manufactured from the ingredients dug from
the land.
But, after getting conscious about the environment and after feeling the
environmental responsibilities, the way our people try to address this problem is
wonderful. One of the intelligent initiatives is the concept of Green Buildings.
Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building), the
eco-friendly structure, refers to a structure and using process that is
environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's lifecycle: from sighting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation,
and demolition. This practice expands and complements the classical building
design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort.
The concept of Green Buildings envision a new approach to save water, energy and
material resources in the construction and maintenance of the buildings and can
reduce or eliminate the adverse impact of buildings on the environment and
occupants.
Although new technologies are constantly being developed to complement current
practices in creating greener structures, the common objective is that green
buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on
human health and the natural environment by:

Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources

Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity

Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation.

Category 3

Emerging Aspects in Remote

Sensing, GIS, GPS.

Integrating Cellular Technology with Civil

Engineering
Ashutosh Chaturvedi, Akshay Dikshit, Devraj Sinha Roy

Suppose there is a construction project to be done, and then prior to that

there will be surveys of the project like the site analysis, geographical variations
etc. If the project is for a Highway, say 500 KM long, then we will have to trace the
proposed path for the complete knowledge of how and what to start with. If we use
a GPS equipped vehicle and just traverse one throughout the proposed path, we
can get a recorded graphical analysis of the path with very minute details of the
path due to which it will lead to speedy processing of the project which is very
necessary in India.
Moving a step ahead and perhaps most important aspect of this presentation
of this paper we have to think about the monitoring of the civil constructions. For
example, suppose a mega project is completed with a very new approach and the
site is up to public use, but since the idea was new, we have to be cautious about
the shortcomings or limitations of that too.
This can be done by using sensors at those portions and controlling them by
micro controllers over a network via DTMF or GPRS modules. For example, we
attach an ultrasonic sensor which emits ultrasonic waves and receives the waves
reflected from nearby surroundings. It will keep on INFORMING the controller
about the conditions of the structure by analyzing the distance from which the
waves are coming back. Our work is based mainly on DTMF & GPRS controlling of
the devices because they have no range boundations as well as mobile networks
are available almost everywhere. We just have to make a call to the device, it will
auto answer our call and based on reports and data we will send instructions to
the device via our mobile phones to take the next action, like sending more details
or informing some other team which is stationed nearby.

APPLICATION OF GIS & GPS FOR ONLINE VEHICLE

TRACKING
Ganesh Kumar. B, Swarup. S

Roads are part of the infrastructure that makes up the spinal cord of modern
society. The aim of the project work is to develop a system for obtaining real time
data such as velocity, location of vehicles, and travel time of vehicles etc using GPS
receivers. The data from the GPS are transmitted to a base station via GSM to the
system ARC GIS and it can be displayed in map. The current technology in the field
of communication is used for Real time vehicle tracking. This solution doesnt
require any intervention of user and data gets automatically transferred through
service provider networks for two-way communication. The various issues involved
in this task include the use of GPS receivers linked with mobile applications (GSM)
to provide direct observations of the vehicle. This is coupled with a database
management system using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software, to
provide a reliable and efficient system for online vehicle monitoring, navigation and
tracking. Integration of GIS/GPS with modern techniques such as Web mapping
will enable web based tracking of vehicles from away part of the globe. Web
mapping solution plays an important role in online vehicle tracking service, based
on GPS and Cellular technology. The ideal solution would allow customers to
access a Web-based map to track their vehicles in real-time.

TRACKING OF STOLEN VEHICLES USING AN ULTRAHIGH SPEED MICROCONTROLLER WITH GPS AND
GSM TECHNOLOGY
L. Mohana Priya, M. Ponmani

One of the most challenging problems faced by our modern society is the increasing
phenomenon of car thefts. Reports from police departments around the world
indicate that car theft in some of the countries reaches more than 300,000 cars a
year and the percentage of the cars recovered is not very high. Increasing the
possibility of finding a stolen car is very important to both police and car owners. In
this

paper,

vehicle

identification

system

using

an

embedded

wireless

communication system is proposed to address the car theft problem. The proposed
scheme is based on getting information about the exact location of the vehicle
using GPS and GSM technology. The police officer can also receive the same
information and Can also be automatically notified in case of the car is stolen.

GIS APPICATION IN SESEMIC MAPPING

Emmanual C Kindo, Surajeet Roul, Anzon Joseph
The paper describes how the use of GIS technologies and probabilistic risk assessment can
better prepare us for handling and responding to earthquake, Drought, Fire, Flood &
Cyclones, Landslide & Soil Erosion, Volcano risk in the world. For any natural hazard
zonation, evaluation and prediction, several spatial data layers are necessary. For scientific,
accurate and near to truth prediction, these layers should be related to geology,
geomorphology and topography of the area under study.
Using Probabilistic Risk Modeling
Probabilistic risk modeling techniques has been widely used in international reinsurance
markets to assess risk exposures to asset portfolios. Catastrophe risk models are built upon
a sequence of modules that allow for the quantification of potential losses arising from a
given hazard (e.g., earthquake, Drought, Fire, Flood & Cyclones, Landslide & Soil Erosion,
Volcano)
Exposure module
The exposure module generates an inventory of assets at risk. This inventory is created
using primary data in combination with remote sensing information. When primary data
are not available, secondary data sources and proxy approach may be used. The module
aggregates the value for each type of exposures as a product of assets at risk and the
average replacement cost per unit of inventory. This objective is possible via different ways
such as landslides hazard zonation for determining the hazardous areas and providing
recipes and regulations for appropriate uses of these areas. Also it can be earned by
studying a one landslide and presenting ways to control it.

IMPLEMENTATION OF RFID TECHNOLOGY FOR

PROTECTION OF CONSUMERS
Manoj Kumar

Over the years, Radio Frequency Identification Technology has emerged as the
next-generation tool for tracking a product throughout the supply chain. RFID data
corresponding to every tagged object is stored in the RFID Information System
during the life cycle of the product. Availability of a cheap workforce has been a
bottle neck in the RFID propagation. However, RFID can be employed to check the
corruption rampant in Public Distribution System and to enable the consumer to
distinguish a counterfeited product from the authentic one.

We propose to reduce the losses in the Public Distribution System by tagging the
huge quantities of edible items with RFID transponder. With a RFID reader
installed at a proper location we can read the tags and send the location details to
the RFID server .This has a central database to interact with the RFID readers all
over the area thereby facilitating easy exchange of resources. This will not only
prevent the loss of unused food grains but will provide food for millions of starving
people. We endeavour to reduce the problems with RFID technology like RFID tag
collision and find relevant simulation results based on the RFID transponder. We
also make a cost analysis of the Implementation of RFID technology in ground
reality.

The RFID data can also be used for monitoring continuously changing supply chain
status such as inventory level, product supplying lead time and production rate by
transforming the raw RFID data into business logic. RFID tags can replace the
currently existing barcode method of object identification due to its several
advantages. RFID tags will also help to reduce the sale of counterfeited branded
products thereby checking revenue loss and protecting consumer rights. RFID
technology can also make the supply chain management more efficient.

CIVIL PLANNING FOR A CLOSED-KNIT SOCIETY:

RESIDENTIAL PLANNING FOR A DYNAMIC, VIBRANT AND
CLOSED-KNIT COMMUNITY
ASEEM KUMAR

What is the formula of planning a residential area which results in a creation of a

bustling, buzzing, smart, urban and suave society where there is no room for
abnormalities like two people meeting at a party later realizing they live right next
door (!)? In short a much better connected and spirited neighbourhood rather than
the bland concretized forest or vast low population localities where its not really
safe to go out after 8 in the evening; and to create room and conditions for better
and effective social interaction in todays fast paced society.

This paper effectively emphasizes the effects on vital sociological effects through the
proposed system of residential area planning in order to
1. Create a society of convenience where everything in need is within a stones
throw away.
2. Create a planned residential space which automatically increases social
interaction and give way to a closed-knit community leading to a healthy
lifestyle and better peripheral* security.
3. Planning the residential area to create social nucleation sites that creates a
sense of mutual awareness amongst the population that really cuts against the
solitary lifestyle of a fast paced society.
To plan the residential area on classical grid ideas, yet placing of dwelling and
commercial spaces such that every place is frequented by the population from
every corner of the society which is a very important criteria for development of a
community. This is in context to the very important definition of the term
Community
a feeling that members have of belonging, a feeling that members matter to
one another and to the group, and a shared faith that members needs will be
met through their commitment to be together

[1]

Category 4

Emerging Concepts in Hydraulics

Engineering

PIANO KEY WEIR

Aniket Kanchan, Aditya Karan

Ongoing efforts to enhance safety (revision of extreme floods in future construction

zones notably in Asia) increase significantly the discharge requirements of existing
or new dams. This leads to considerable cost overruns if the conventional solutions
are employed, such as fully gated spillways (which are prone to complete
obstruction or ill-adapted operation); or long uncontrolled spillways with low
specific flow rates. Most existing free-flow spillways have a standardized shape
(ogee weir) and are placed upon concrete gravity dam structures. Their drawback is
their low specific flow which is (in m3/s/m) close to 2.2 h 1.5 (h being the nappe
depth in meters). Consequently, the loss of live storage corresponding to the
maximum nappe depth may be 20% to 50%, compared with a gated reservoir, even
if using longer spillways than with gates. It is thus very advantageous to increase
the specific flow as much as possible. A new low cost solution of free flow spillway
in form of the Piano Key Weir multiplies the specific flow by 2 to 4 and may be the
best solution to these problems for most dams. It applies also for reducing the cost
and / or increasing the storage of new dams. This paper deals with introduction of
new concepts and their design and application.

Organising Committee
Prof. P K Singh
Chairman
Dr. Brind Kumar

Dr. P. R. Maiti

Organising Secretary

Joint Organising Secretary

Advisory Committee
Prof. V. Kumar
Prof. Gautam Banerjee
Prof. D. Mohan
Prof. Prabhat Kumar Singh
Prof. P. K. S. Dikshit
Dr. Arun Prasad
Dr. S. Mandal
Dr. Rajesh Kumar
Dr. S. B. Dwivedi
Shri K. K. Pandey
Shri K. Prasad
Shri Anurag Ohri
Dr. Medha Jha
Dr. S. K. Gupta
Shri S. Kumar
Dr. P. Balaramudu

NIRMAAN11 Team
Aniruddha Vashisth
Aayush Agarwal
Sanchit Garg
Rajeev Krishna TG
Abhay Kant Khetan
Vibhor Mishra
Vivek Singh
Navneet Hansda
Dushyant Singh
A Raja Nikhil
Abhinav Agnihotri
Shashank Ganesh
Hanush Kumar
Repala Sandeep
Kaladhar DRLN
Hemant Varshney
Vasudev Menon

Rahul Singla
Neeraj Kumar
Mohit Anand
Paras Vaid
Vinay Tiwari
Diwakar Yadav
Harshit Pareek
Dheeraj Mamani
Deepak Teli
Akash Padhi
Nikita Agarwal
Vinit Hansaria
Achyut Pareek
Ayush Agarwal
Prachi Mahajan
Deepak Kumar

Mentors
Raghav Kansal
Dharmesh Gupta
Puneet Gunawat

WITH BEST COMPLIMENTS

From

NIRMAAN11
To
Our alumni

Mr. Atul Gupta

1985 Batch

Mr. Bhushan Akerkar

1985 Batch
Chief Information Officer
Aditya Birla Group
HINDALCO Industries

Mr. Amit Goel

mit
Goel
1985 Batch

Mr. Dileep Kulkarni (MD)

1985 Batch
Dileep Kulkarni Associates
Belgaum Karnataka,
Bengaluru, Mumbai

Mr. Purnesh Kumar

2004 Batch
Assistant Executive Engineer
CPWD

WITH BEST COMPLIMENTS

From

NIRMAAN11
To

JAYPEE CEMENT

Larsen & Toubro

NKG Infrastructure