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Materials Letters 58 (2004) 1396 1399

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Vibratory stress relieving of welded sheet steels


of low alloy high strength steel
M.C. Sun, Y.H. Sun, R.K. Wang *
Department of Materials Science and Technology 921, Box 433# Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
Received 27 March 2003; received in revised form 7 September 2003; accepted 7 October 2003

Abstract
Vibratory stress relieving of D6AC and D406A welding steel plates was carried out. The macro-residual stress decreased to 0 F 25 MPa,
which is the same value as can be achieved by hot stress relief.
D 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Vibratory stress; Steel; Stress

1. Introduction
Vibratory stress relief is a new technology. There are some
issues in its popularization in China. Many people consider
that the macro-residual stress peak value can be relieved, but
that the macro-residual stress background value cannot be
relieved via vibratory stress relief. Many people are anxious
about the increase of the macro-residual stress in vibration, or
doubt whether the vibratory stress relief can take the place of
hot stress relief.
D6AC and D406A welding steel plate is groove weld.
The welding plates were tempered at 310 jC, to decrease
the macro-residual stress to a lower value, and to kill off
the macro-residual stress peak value. After the above heat
treatment, the macro-residual stress decreased to 100 MPa
and the macro-residual stress peak was killed off. The
vibratory stress relief of D6AC and D406A welding steel
plates was carried out under the lower macro-residual
stress state. In order to increase vibratory stress in the
welding plates, we selected smaller structural stiffness
welding plates. The welding plates were 4 mm in thickness and of a smaller structural stiffness. In this way, a
larger vibratory stress can be obtained in the welding
plates.
Vibratory stress relief is a new technology. The cost of
stimulator, the energy charge and the work hours are low,
the mechanical properties of component part are not dam* Corresponding author.
E-mail address: wang_rk@263.net (R.K. Wang).
0167-577X/$ - see front matter D 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2003.10.002

aged, the macro-residual stress does not reappear in the later


service, and it does not contaminate environment [1 4].
The present research was undertaken to study whether or not
vibratory stress relief can take the place of hot stress relief
completely and whether or not the macro-residual stress can
be decreased to the value that is as low as zero-stress point
in vibratory stress relief.

2. Experimental
The welding plates were D6AC and D406A steel plates.
Their composition is shown in Table 1. The D6AC and
D406A steel plates are hot rolled plates and annealed.
Their microstructures are shown in Fig. 1. Four steel plates
were welded together. The welded plates were tempered at
310 jC. The tempering time was half an hour, after which
the macro-residual stress peak was killed off and the
macro-residual stress decreased to lower level. Vibratory
stress relief was carried out at the lower macro-residual
stress level. The welded steel plate size is shown in Fig. 2.
The welding technical regulation was as follows.

Table 1
The composition of D6AC and D406A steel plates (%)
Steels

Si

Mn

Mo

Ni

Si

Cr

D6AC
D406A

0.47
0.32

0.001
0.0079

0.74
0.87

0.011
0.009

0.11
0.13

1.01
0.52

0.59
0.12

0.31
1.58

1.06
1.18

M.C. Sun et al. / Materials Letters 58 (2004) 13961399

1397

Fig. 1. The microstructure of D6AC and D406A.

Fig. 2. The size of welded steel plate.

It is argon-arc welding. Before welding the steel plates


were heated at 300 jC, heating time was half an hour. The
welding wire was F 4 mm. The welding wire was tempered
at 400 jC, tempering time was 1 h.
The welding current is 180 A and the welding voltage 15
V. The welding speed was 125 mm/min. The welding wire
melted speed was 100 mm/min. The pulse frequency was
2.5 Hz. The argon shield was 12 l/min.
The distribution of five macro-residual stress testing
points before and after vibration are shown in Fig. 3. The

macro-residual stress was tested with the X-ray stress meter.


The macro-residual stresses are perpendicular to weld beads.
The macro-residual stress before vibration is shown in Table
2. It is clear that macro-residual stress has decreased to lower
level. The macro-residual stresses are as low as 100 MPa. The
welded plate was fixed together with a stimulator, and the

Table 2
The macro-residual stress before vibration (MPa)
Welded plates

P1

D6AC1
D6AC2#
D406A3#
D406A4#

P2
98.6
64.1
78.9
98.6

P3
25.0
54.2
5.0
34.5

P4
49.3
9.9
74.0
25.0

P5
49.0
25.0
9.9
25.0

25.0
14.8
9.8
25.0

Table 3
The macro-residual stresses in the welded steel plates of D6AC and D406A
after vibration
Welded plates

Fig. 3. The distribution of five macro-residual stress testing points.

D6AC1#
D6AC2#
D406A3#
D406A4#

P1

P2
49.0
24.6
9.6
73.9

P3
0.0
24.6
19.7
24.6

P4
13.8
24.6
9.9
0.0

P5
23.9
24.6
0.0
24.6

24.6
0.0
4.9
25.0

1398

M.C. Sun et al. / Materials Letters 58 (2004) 13961399

Fig. 4. The testing flow chart of the vibratory stress relief of D6AC and D406A welded steel plate.

stimulator was craned. The vibratory stress relief of D6AC


and D406A welding steel plate was performed for 2 min.
The testing flow chart of the vibratory stress relief of
D6AC and D406A welded steel plate is shown in Fig. 4. The

controller controlled stimulator. The stimulator vibrated the


D6AC and D406A welded steel plates. One addition was
fixed to the end of the welded plate, and vibrated again. In
order to move the vibratory wave position, the above

Fig. 5. The distribution of the macro-residual stress in the welded steel plates of D6AC and D406A before and after vibration.

M.C. Sun et al. / Materials Letters 58 (2004) 13961399

proceeding was carried out at again at the next harmonic


sequence. The above proceeding can average the vibratory
stress in the welded steel plates.
We obtained the biggest vibratory stress in the welded
steel plates. After vibration the macro-residual stresses in
the welded steel plates were tested with X-ray stress meter.

3. Results and discussion


3.1. Experimental results
The macro-residual stresses in the welded steel plates of
D6AC and 406A after vibration are shown in Table 3. It is
clear that the macro-residual stresses in the welded steel
plates of D6AC and D406A were decreased to zero-stress
point. The distribution of the macro-residual stress in the
welded plates before and after vibration is shown in Fig. 5.
In many tested points, the macro-residual stresses decreased
to zero-stress point.
Except for two points the macro-residual stresses in the
welded steel plates of D6AC and D406A decreased to
0 F 25MPa. This result is the same as the lowest result that
can be obtained in hot stress relief decrease. It indicates
that the vibratory stress relief can replace the hot stress
relief.

1399

4. Conclusion
The main conclusions from this work are as follows:
1. In the vibratory stress relief of the welded steel plates
of D6AC and D406A, the macro-residual stresses
decrease to 0 F 25MPa. The macro-residual stresses
can decrease to zero-stress point in the above vibratory
stress relief.
2. The vibratory stress relief can take the place of the hot
stress relief in welded steel plates of D6AC and
D406A.
3. The key technology in vibratory stress relief is how to
increase the vibratory stress in the component parts.

References
[1] M.C. Sun, Ship Engineering 2 (1992) 54 (in Chinese).
[2] M.C. Sun, Proceeding of the CSEE, vol. 21, Add, (2001) 253 (in
Chinese).
[3] M.C. Sun, Large Electric Machine and Hydraulic Turbine 6 (2001)
33 34 (in Chinese).
[4] R.W. Hertzberg, Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering
Materials, Wiley, New York, 1976, p. 67.

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