ObjectivesofBiologicalTreatment
Transformdissolvedandparticulate
p
biodegradableconstituentsintoacceptableend
products.
2. Captureandincorporatesuspendedand
nonsettleablecolloidalsolidsintoabiological
flocorbiofilm.
3. Transformandremovenutrients(N&P)
T
f
d
t i t (N&P)
4. Insomecases,removespecifictraceorganic
constituentsandcompounds.
1.
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Biodegradasi
y Salahsatufaktoryangberpengaruhpada
pertumbuhanmikroba:Oksigen(aerob,anaerob,
fakultatif)
y Masingmasingmengikutimekanismeyangberbeda
BiodegradasiAerob
FungsiOksigen
1.Electronacceptor
y
y
y
Fungsioksigenbisadigantikanolehsenyawalain,eg.
Nitrat,sulfat,hidrogen.
Biodegradasitetapberlangsungmeskipunoksigen
terbatas
Polutan+O2 CO2 +H2O+biomassa
2.Reaksienzymatis
y
Biodegradasiberhentijikaoksigentidakada
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BiodegradasiAnaerob
y Polutan CH4 +CO2 +biomassa
y Duatahapproses
CH4 andCO2
CO2 andCH4
H2S
Methaneforming
Bacteria
Second
Stage
Organic
acid
Acidforming
Bacteria(fakultatif)
Anaerob
SensitifthdpH
Organic
matter
First
Stage
Masalahumum:
organicshockloading
AnaerobvsAerob
Anaerob:
y Kelebihan
y Keterbatasan
y Produksibiomassa(sludge)
y Prosessensitif,khususnya
y
y
y Waktustartuprelatiflama
y
y
y
rendahdanstabil
Kebutuhannutrientrendah
Tdakmemerlukanenergi
untukaerasi
Menghasilkangasmetan(sbg
bahanbakar)
Organicloadingrates
(org/vol.waktu)tinggi
(org/vol waktu)tinggi
Sludgetetapaktifmeskipun
tdkadaumpandalamwaktu
lama
dariorganicshockloading
(pertumbmolambat)
y Perluposttreatment
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Typesofaerobicprocesses
Type
Suspended
th
growth
Attached
growth
Hybrid
(combined)
suspende &
attached
Comon name
Use
Activated sludge
Aerated lagoon
Aerobic digestion
} BOD removal
Trickling filter
Rotating biological
contactor
Packed bed reactor
Stabilization, BOD
removal
BOD removall
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Activated sludge
Aerated lagoon
Aerobic digestion
Activatedsludge
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Effectoffilamentousorganismsinactivatedsludgeonmorphologyand
settleability:a)andb)interflocbridging;c)andd)diffuseflocstructure
bar=100micrometers
a)pinfloc;b)small,weakflocs;c)flocscontiningfilamentousorganisms; d)flocs
containingfilamentousorganismnetwork"orbackbone. Bar=10micrometers
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Activatedsludgewithplugflowreactor
Activatedsludgewithmixedflowreactor
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Activatedsludgewith
SequencingBatch
Reactor(SBR)
Aeratedlagoon
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Aeratedlagoon
Aerialviewofthe
VeazieSanitaryDistrict'saeratedlagoonsystem.
Tricklingfilter
Rotatingbiologicalcontactor
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Tricklingfilter
Atricklingfilterconsists
ofafixedbedofrocks,
gravel,slag,polyurethane
foam,sphagnumpeat
moss,orplasticmedia
overwhichsewageor
otherwastewaterflows
downwardandis
contactedwithalayeror
fil f i bi l li
filmofmicrobialslime
coveringthebedmedia.
Atypical
complete
tricklingfilter
system
10
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Tricklingfilter
Theprocessmechanisminvolves:
adsorptionoforganic
p
g
compoundsinthesewageor
otherwastewaterbythelayer
ofmicrobialslime,
diffusionofairintotheslime
layertofurnishtheoxygen
requiredforthebiochemical
oxidationoftheorganic
g
compoundstoreleasecarbon
dioxidegas,waterandother
oxidizedendproducts.
Rotatingbiologicalcontactor
11
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Rotatingbiologicalcontactor
12
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Typesofanaerobicprocesses
Type
Suspended
growth
Comon name
Anaerobic contact process
Anaerobic digestion
Use
BOD removal
Stabilization, solid
destruction, pathogen kill
Attached growth
Sludge blanket
Hybrid
(combined)
suspende &
attached
Upflow sludge
blanket/attached growth
BOD removal
13
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Anaerobicdigestion
Anaerobicdigestion
14
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Anaerobicpackedbed
15
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Anaerobicfluidizedbed
16
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Upflowanaerobicsludgeblanket
17