Main Code: ACI 318 14

Reference Code: Load: ASCE 10

How many design methods
-

Strength Design Method: the strength design method requires service loads
or related internal moments and forces to be increased by specified load
factors ( required strength ) and computed nominal strengths to be reduced
by specified strength reduction factors ( design strength ) load factor and
strength reduction factors specified in chapter 9 (ACI 318 11). Chapter 9
strength and serviceability requirements

6.4.1
For the design of roof or floors to resist gravity loads, it shall be permitted to
assume that live load applied only to the level under consideration ( it means we
can model only that floor or roof to determine internal moment, but how about dead
load?) convenient to use SAFE

Level Ground: Dorm office, Lobby, stair, toilet, multi-purposes area

Electricity Generator supporter: ???
Dorm office: 2.4 kN/m2
Stair: 4.79 kN/m2
Lobby: 4.79 kN/m2
Toilet (similar to public room): 4.79 kN/m2
Multi-purposes area (Public room): 4.79kN/m2
Second floor: multi-purposes area, roof (?? Do you want to have a
swimming pool here), Canopy, corridor, stair, dorm room,
Multi-purposes area (Public room): 4.79kN/m2
Corridor and dorm room: 1.92 kN/m2
Stair: 4.79 kN/m2
Roof (ordinary flat): 0.96 kN/m2
Canopy: 0.24 kN/m2
Third Floor 16th floor: Multi-purpose area, stair, dorm room, corridor,
Multi-purposes area (Public room): 4.79kN/m2

Corridor and dorm room: 1.92 kN/m2

Stair: 4.79 kN/m2
Balcony:=1.5*1.92=2.88 kN/m2 (1.5 times the live load for the occupancy served.
Not required to exceed 4.79 kN/m)
17th Floor: Pump Room, Water Tank 1, Water Tank 2, Multi-purpose area,
dorm room, corridor
Pump Room: ???
Water tank: 2.78x7.7x3x10x1000/(2.78x7.7)=30 kN/m2
Multi-purposes area (Public room): 4.79kN/m2
Corridor and dorm room: 1.92 kN/m2
Stair: 4.79 kN/m2
Lobby: 4.79 kN/m2
18th floor: health club, fitness center, multi-purpose area, toilets, lobby,
stair,
Gymnasiums: 4.79 kN/m2
Multi-purposes area (Public room): 4.79kN/m2
Stair: 4.79 kN/m2
Lobby: 4.79 kN/m2
Roof floor: (any assembly purposes)
Ordinary roof: 0.96 kN/m2

Building and other structure, Flexible: Slender buildings and other

structures that have a fundamental natural frequency less than 1 Hz.
The natural frequency for each mode of vibration follows this rule:
F = sqrt( K/M)/(2PI) (Hz)
F: Natural frequency
K: the stiffness of the building associated with this mode
M: the mass of the building associated with this mode
It mean at first we dont need to calculate the wind load to assign to
building when we use Etabs to calculate the frequency.
Step:

Wind load: Cp: table 16H, page 29/545

Components and cladding: elements of the building envelope that do not qualify as
part of the MWFRS

Select Concrete and Steel Grade (base on which Code ?)

Determine the load (dead, live, wind, earthquake base on UBS) on each
floor (architectural drawing )
Dead load:
Members weight: Etabs can calculate.
Wall load: Strip load or uniform load
100 mm wall
W = 0.1*
Water load:
Machine load
Finishing (tile,motar) + cladding
Live load:

Reduction factor for Column

When we change the reduction factor for beam, it has no effect on the result
On such structures, the minimum roof live load shall be 12 psf (0.58 kN/m2).
Learn more about At
Should we reduce load on roof

Wind load (windward, leeward, side ward, roof)

Stair load
Roof load
Determine Load Combination (base on Chapter 2 ASCE 10):
Load combination for strength design * ( why is it different from the Myanmar
service report )
Load combination for allowable stress design
Choose Type of Slab and beam
How to model the join between the column and beam ( edge area ).

Rigid diaphragms have infinite in-plane stiffness properties, and therefore they neither exhibit
membrane deformation nor report the associated forces, whereas semi-rigid diaphragms simulate
actual in-plane stiffness properties and behavior. For most reinforced-concrete slab systems, in
which the slab is sufficiently thick and membrane deformation due to lateral loading is negligible,
rigid diaphragms produce results nearly identical to those of semi-rigid diaphragms, while taking
advantage of faster computation. Semi-rigid diaphragms should be modeled when significant inplane deformation does occur, or when required by code

Question:
1. Is it the normal roof ( or roof used for garden, both 2 roofs (2 floor and 18
floor)
2. Does the basement cover the area of electricity generator supporter
3. Can I change the position of shear wall ( lift pitch) as the drawing, is the
result change much compare with the original design, we change in Etabs,
yet we still follow the design in construction
4. Is it necessary to have beam at lift area to connect the shear wall and column
5. What is the weight of Pump Machine ( is it dead load or live load ? in the code
says: machine weight is dead load when it is supported by structural
members)
6. Water load is dead load or live load?
7. Water Tank ( slab for 18th 300 or 150 )?
8. Weight of electricity generator?
9. Which code to apply for Seismic Design ( most of the project follow UBC not
ASCE 7 )
10.Where to apply the load for Stairs and lift, ( If apply on Beam? How to
calculate? What is the weight of its self and full loaded weight?)
11.Can I add superimposed dead load to dead load?
12.Is it necessary to connect the gap between shear wall by beam? draw the
opening in elevation
Longitudinal reinforcement!
1. Which combination is used to design beams, Columns, slabs, foundations,
joints?
2. Can we design by first select the As then compare Mn and Mu?
3. Should we design doubly reinforced beam?
4. Can we assume phi = 0.9 at first (tension controlled)?
5. Asmin does not take account of reinforcement in compression fiber!
6. What is a procedure to calculate reinforcement for beam, do we need to
examine the reinforcement ratio strain later to make sure that section is
tension-controlled?
7. Which section we take to design reinforcement?
8. What is the optimum reinforcement ratio for beam? 1 - 1.5%
Web reinforcement design!
1. What is the envelop to design web reinforcement ( stirrup) shear force at
the mid-span will be biggest if load is distribute un-symmetrically.

Etab