2.
Kinetic Energy
(Rotodynamic)
Centrifugal
Mixed Flow
Positive
Displacement
Axial Flow
Rotary
Reciprocating
Open
Pump Type
Single or Double Entry Volute
Two Stage Volute
Multistage Split Casing or Barrel Casing
Single or Multistage Stage Well
Volute
Bowl
Well
Progressive Cavity
Sliding Vane
Peristaltic
Screw
Lobe
Gear
Diaphragm
Plunger
Piston
Archimedean Screw
Pumps in the kinetic (rotodynamic) category can be divided into classifications such
as centrifugal, mixed flow and axial flow. Centrifugal pump is the most common type
appropriate for sewage pumping applications.
Positive displacement pumps can be classified as reciprocating, rotary and open
types. The Archimedean screw pump is the common type in this category suitable for
pumping sewage.
For sewage pumping, only rotodynamic pump and Archimedean screw pump are used
in DSD. For sludge pumping, ram pump, progressive cavity pump and diaphragm pump
are widely used.
14
characteristics could be determined at factory. Flow rate is adjustable by changing the
impeller diameter and speed. It is needed to consider suction head, pump sump, and surge in
the design. Cavitation and pump vibration are major concerns. Material selection is
important to balance erosion and corrosion. Solid passage, motor efficiency, pump
efficiency, flow control issues and life cycle cost should be considered in selection of
pumps.
Centrifugal pump is the most common type of rotodynamic pump used in sewage
pumping. A centrifugal pump consists of a set of rotating vanes (impellers), enclosed within
a housing or casing and used to impart energy to a fluid through centrifugal force. Impellers
of centrifugal pumps can be classified according to major directions of flow in reference to
axis of rotation:(a)
Radial-flow impellers;
(b)
(c)
Radial flow and mixed flow pumps are commonly used for sewage pumping station
with high head requirements. Vertical installation is normally used since no priming
operation is necessary in starting and small space is required.
Axial flow pumps are commonly used for floodwater pumping station with high flow
and low head requirements.
Apart from the three common types of impellers, screw-centrifugal impeller is also
widely used for pumping sewage. It has the advantages of high head and large impeller
throughlet.
Centrifugal pumps are susceptible to clogging by large solids in raw sewage. It is
necessary to provide a screening device before the sewage entering the pumps. Pumps can
be designed with sphere-passing capacities of 75mm in diameter.
2.3
15
maintenance. Installation is tricky because of its bulkiness. The gap between the trough
and screw flight affects pump performance. Pump rate can only be determined after
installation and has implication on selection of pump motor, coupling, gearbox, V-belt drive.
The issues of greasing, safety, flow control, pump & motor efficiency and materials of
construction should be considered in the design of Archimedean screw pumps.
2.4
SELECTION OF PUMPS
Considerations for the selection of pumps include:
2.5
(a)
(b)
(c)
operating range;
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
PUMP MOTORS
Sewage pumps are normally driven by electric motors.
Motors can be installed on ground floor with the pumps mounted on the base of dry
well for protection from flooding. Long intermediate shafts are required to drive the pumps.
Immersible pumps with direct drive motor installed in dry well are used in medium
to large size sewage pumping stations. No long intermediate shaft is required. The motors
are hermetically sealed to prevent the intrusion of sewage if the dry well is flooded.
Submersible pumps with direct drive motor are widely used in small to medium size
sewage pumping stations. The pumps are installed in wet well with submersible motors.
The motors are hermetically sealed to prevent the intrusion of sewage. Space of the
pumping stations can be reduced since no dry well is required.