TOXOPLASMA INTERPRETATION FOR HUMANS EXCEPT INFANTS

IgG - negative & IgM - negative : No serological evidence of infection with toxoplasma.
IgG - negative & IgM - Equivocal: Possible early acute infection or false positive IgM reaction.
Obtain a new specimen for IgG and IgM testing. If results for the second specimen remain the
same, the patient is probably not infected with Toxoplasma.
IgG - negative, IgM - positive: Possible acute infection or false positive IgM result. Obtain a
new specimen for IgG and IgM testing. If results for the second specimen remain the same, the
IgM reaction is probably a false positive.
IgG - equivocal, IgM - negative: Indeterminate: obtain a new specimen for testing or retest this
specimen for IgG in a different assay. IgG - equivocal, IgM - equivocal : Indeterminate: obtain a
new specimen for both IgG and IgM testing.
IgG - equivocal, IgM - positive : Possible acute infection with toxoplasma. Obtain a new
specimen for IgG and IgM testing. If results for the second specimen remain the same or if the
IgG becomes positive, both specimens should be sent to a reference laboratory with experience
in diagnosis of toxoplasmosis for further testing.
IgG - positive, IgM - negative: Infected with Toxoplasma for more than 1 year.
IgG - positive, IgM - equivocal : Infected with Toxoplasma for probably more than 1 yer or
false-positive IgM reaction. Obtain a new specimen for IgM testing. If results with the second
specimen remain the same, both specimens should be sent to a reference laboratory with
experience in the diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis for further testing.
IgG - positive, IgM - positive: Possible recent infection within the last 12 months, or false
positive IgM reaction. Send the specimen to a reference laboratory with experience in the
diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis for further testing.
RUBELLA INTERPRETATION
RUBELLA IgG:
Positive :A postive value indicates a current or previous infection with rubella virus or
vaccination.
Negative:: A negative result indicates no current or previous infection with rubella virus.
Individual is susceptible to primary infection. However, specimen taken too early during a primary
infection may not have detectable levels of IgG antibody. If a primary infection is suspected,
another specimen should be taken in 8-14 days.
RUBELLA IgM:
Positive: A positive value indicates a current or recent infection with rubella virus and evidence
of congenital infection in a new born.
Negative: IgM negative means that the patient does not have a infection with virus or no
significant level of detectable antibodies to Rubella but does not exclude a recent rubella
infection. Specimens collected eralier 7 days may not contain detectable IgM antibody.

CYTOMEGALO VIRUS (CMV) INTERPRETATION

CYTOMEGALO VIRUS (CMV) IgG:
Positive: A positive test for IgG indicates past or recent infection with CMV.
CYTOMEGALO VIRUS (CMV) IgM:
Positive: The presence of CMV IgM is indicative of primary infection. CMV IgM is detectable
when a person is newly infected or has been infected
in the past but recently re-exposed to CMV or reactivation of CMV infection that was acuired in
the past.
Negative: A negative CMV IgM antibody indicates no active or current CMV infection.
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS (HSV)
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS (HSV) IgG:
Positive: The presence of IgG class herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and/or 2 antibodies indicates
previous exposure, and does not differentiate between remote infection or acute disease.
Negative: Negative HSV antibody indicates that the person has not been exposed to HSV or
serum specimens collected too early in the coarse of infection may not have detectable levels of
HSV IgG. In cases of suspected early diease, a repeat serum specimen should be collected 14 21 days later and submitted for testing.
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS (HSV) IgM:
Positive: The presence of IgM class herpes simplex virus 1 and/or 2 antibodies indicates recent
infection. The presence of HSV 1 and /or 2 antibodies may indicate a primary or reactivated
infection, but cannot distinguish between them.
Negative: A negative result does not necessarily rule out a primary or ractivated infection since
specimen may have collected too early in the coarse of disease, when antibodies have not yet
reached detectable levels, or too late, after IgM levels have declined below detectable levels.
Comment: The prevalence of HSV IgM antibodies can vary depending on a number or factors
such as age, gender, geographical location, socio-economical status, race, sexual behavior,
testing method used, specimen collection and handling procedures, and the clinical and
epidemiological history of individual patients. Definitive diagnosis of HSV type should be made by
PCR.