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Student Workbook

Part 1

Earth Science Labs with Computers


S06: pH of a Natural Water System

Procedure Outline Activity S06: pH of a Natural Water System


This activity has two parts: a COLLECT part and a LAB part.
Equipment Needed
ScienceWorkshop 500 Interface
pH Sensor (CI-6507)
Beaker, 250 mL
Bottle, clear plastic, ~ 500 mL
Marking pen
Wash bottle
Water sampling pole with container
VOCABULARY

acidic (pH)

Qty
1
1
3
5
1
1
1

acidification

Per Student
Personal flotation device
Rubber boots (or waders)
Protective gear
Consumables
Buffer solution: high pH
Buffer solution: low pH
Water, distilled
basic (pH)

Qty
1
1 pr
1 set
Qty
100 mL
100 mL
1L

neutral (pH)

What Do You Think?

WhatisthepHatdifferentsectionsofanaturalwatersystemandisthereavariationinthepH?
TaketimetoanswertheWhatDoYouThink?question(s)intheLabReportsection.
Background

ThepHofawatersystemdependsonvariousnaturalconditions
andtheinteractionofhumansintheenvironment.Itisimportantto
understandthepHbecausetheaquaticlifecanonlybesustained
withinanarrowpHrange.
MostaquaticlifedependsonwaterthathasapHrangebetween5and9.WaterwithpHoutside
thatrangeisunabletosustainlife.
Rainwaterhasanaturaltendencytobeslightlyacidic.Rainfallaccumulatesinnaturalwater
systemscausingaslightacidification.Rainfallthatpercolatesthroughdenseforestlitterand
bogsalsohasatendencytobemoreacidicbecauseoftheinteractionoftherainwaterwiththe
organicmaterial.Inothersituationswherechalkandlimestoneareabundant,thewaterhasa
tendencytobemorebasic.Thisisaresultofthewatermixingwiththecalciumcarbonatefound
intheseregionstomakecalciumhydroxidewhichisabase.
Throughoutnature,acidsandbasesareabundantandtheyarecontinuouslyneutralizingeach
otherallowingournaturalwatersystemstoremaininthe59pHrange.
Youwillcollectsomewatersamplesfromdifferentpartsofanaturalwatersystem.Inthelab
youwilluseapHSensortomeasurethepHofeachwatersample.
SAFETY REMINDERS (COLLECT)
Wear a personal flotation device (life jacket) when collecting water samples for this activity.

Wear clothing that is appropriate for the outdoor part of this activity.

SAFETY REMINDERS (LAB)

Wear protective gear while handling chemicals.

Follow directions for using the equipment.

Dispose of all chemicals and solutions properly.

S06

1999 PASCO scientific

39

Earth Science Labs with Computers


S06: pH of a Natural Water System

40

Student Workbook
Part 1

1999 PASCO scientific

S06

Student Workbook
Part 1

Earth Science Labs with Computers


S06: pH of a Natural Water System

Procedure Outline

IntheCOLLECTpartofthisactivity,collectwatersamplesfromdifferentpartsof
awatersystem.IntheLABpartofthisactivity,usethepHSensortomeasurethe
pHofcollectedwatersamples.CalibratethepHSensorbeforeyouuseitto
measurepH.
[]

Remember, for more detailed information see Appendix A.

COLLECT
[ ]

A. Set Up the Collecting Equipment

1.

Beforegoingout,cleanthesamplebottlesandrinsethemwithdistilledwater.Labelthe
firstsamplebottleSITE#1.LabeltheothersamplebottlesSITE#2,SITE#3,SITE#4,
andSITE#5.

[ ]

B. Collect the Samples

2.

Gotoacollectionsite.RecordthefollowingforthesiteintheReport:

date

time

sam
pole
collecte
waterbo

location

weather conditions

3.

Usethesamplingpoletofillthecontainer
withwater.Fillthecontainerfromapointas
farfromshoreaspossible.

a.

extend the sampling pole straight out over the


water

b.

rotate the pole so the mouth of the collecting


container points down

c.

gently lower the container vertically into the


water until the container is fully submerged

d.

slowly rotate the sampling pole 90 degrees until


the mouth of the container is horizontal

e.

continue to rotate the container until the mouth


points up and gently lift the container out of the
water

f.

pour the water from the container into the first


sample bottle

4.

Repeatthepreviousstepsforcollectingwatersamplesatfourmoresites.

S06

flow dire

1999 PASCO scientific

41

Earth Science Labs with Computers


S06: pH of a Natural Water System

Student Workbook
Part 1

LAB
[ ]

C. Set Up the Lab Equipment

1.

ConnectthepHSensorDINplugintoAnalogChannelAontheScienceWorkshop
Interface.ConnecttheBNCplugtotheBNCconnector.

2.

SetuptheequipmenttocalibratethepHSensor.To
calibratethepHSensoryouwillneedthefollowing:wash
bottle,distilledwater,threebeakers,buffersolutionsof
highpH(e.g.pH10)andlowpH(e.g.pH4),pHSensor.

3.

Put100mLofthehighpHbuffersolutioninonebeaker.
Put100mLofthelowpHbuffersolutionintoasecond
beaker.Put100mLofdistilledwaterintothethirdbeaker.Putdistilledwaterintothe
washbottle.

[ ]

D. Set Up The Experiemnt

1.

Connectthesensortotheinterface.StartDataStudioorScienceWorkshopandopenthefile
asfollows:
DataStudio
S06 pHof a Stream.DS

ScienceWorkshop (Mac)
S06 pH of Water

ScienceWorkshop (Win)
S06_PH.SWS

ThefileopenswithaDigitsdisplayandaTabledisplay.Thesamplingoptionsaresetto
measurethepHoncepersecond.Datarecordingissettostopautomaticallyafter30
seconds.

2.

Usethebeakers,buffersolutions,andwashbottletocalibratethepHSensor.

NOTE: See APPENDIX A for details on how to calibrate the pH Sensor.


[ ]

E. Do the Experiment

1.

PutthepHElectrodeintothewaterinoneofthesamplebottles.MeasurethepHofthe
water.RemovethepHElectrodeandrinseitwithdistilledwater.

2.

Repeatthepreviousstepsfortheremainingwatersamples.

[ ]

F. Analyze the Data

1.

ExamineeachrunofdataintheTabledisplaytodeterminetheaveragepHvalueofeach
sampleofwater.RecordtheaveragepHvalueofeachsample.

2.

RecordyourconclusionandanswerthequestionsintheReport.
Record your results in the Lab Report section.

42

1999 PASCO scientific

S06

Student Workbook
Part 1

S06

Earth Science Labs with Computers


S06: pH of a Natural Water System

1999 PASCO scientific

43

Earth Science Labs with Computers


S06: pH of a Natural Water System

Student Workbook
Part 1

Lab Report Activity S06: pH of a Natural Water System


Name _________________________________
Class ____________________
Date

____________

[ ] What Do You Think?

WhatisthepHatdifferentsectionsofanaturalwatersystemandisthereavariationinthepH?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
[ ] Analyze the Data

1.

UsetheTabledisplaytodeterminethemeanofthepHforeachsampleofwater.

2.

RecordthepHvalueforeachsampleofwater.

Data Table (pH of a Stream)


Date

Time

Location

Weather Conditions

pH

fast moving water #1


fast moving water #2
slow moving water #3
slow moving water #4
slow moving water #5
[ ] Conclusion

1.

Howdoesyourhypothesis(answertoWhatDoYouThink?)comparewiththeresults?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

44

1999 PASCO scientific

S06

Student Workbook
Part 1

Earth Science Labs with Computers


S06: pH of a Natural Water System

[ ] Questions

1.

BasedonthepHdatayourecorded,couldthisstreamsupportaquaticlife?Whyorwhy
not?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2.

WhatfactorsdoyouthinkmayinfluencethepHofthewaterinthestream?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Complete the following:
VOCABULARY
acidic (pH):
acidification:
basic (pH):
neutral (pH):

S06

1999 PASCO scientific

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