Ds Gmatclub Bunuel

Bunuel DS Questions with Explanations
DS: 1. DS tough questions; 2. DS tough questions part 2; 3. DS tough

questions part 3; 4. DS Standard deviation; 5. Inequalities; 6. 700+ GMAT
Data Sufficiency Questions With Explanations; 7 Tough and tricky
exponents and roots questions; 8 The Discreet Charm of the DS ; 9 Devil's
Dozen!!!
DS Questions
1. An integer greater than 1 that is not prime is called composite. If the twodigit integer n is greater than 20, is n composite?
(1) The tens digit of n is a factor of the units digit of n.
(2) The tens digit of n is 2.
Given:
--> two digit integer can be written as follows:

,
(1) tells that

,
-->
.
,(
) -->
--> as
will always be composite and factor of . Sufficient
(2) tell that

sufficient.
, but
can be for instance composite
or prime
. Not
Answer: A.
2. Is the measure of one of the interior angles of quadrilateral ABCD equal to

60?
(1) Two of the interior angles of ABCD are right angles.
(2) The degree measure of angle ABC is twice the degree measure of angle
BCD.
Sum of inner angels of quadrilateral is 360 degrees. (Sum of inner angles
of polygon=180(n-2), where n is # of sides)
(1) Angles can be 90+90 + any combination of two angels totaling 180. Not
sufficient.
(2) <ABC=2<BCD. Not sufficient
(1)+(2) Angles can be 90+90+45+135 Or 90+90+60+120 Not sufficient.
Answer: E.
3. Is x + y < 1 ?
(1) x < 8/9
All contents have been taken form www.gmatclub.com . I do not own the copyright
of the any of the materials. ---ASAX

(2) y < 1/8
(1) Info only about x. Not sufficient
(2) Info only about y. Not sufficient
(1)+(2) x+y<73/72 Not sufficient
Answer: E.
4. Is x^4 + y^4 > z^4 ?

(1) x^2 + y^2 > z^2
(2) x+y > z
Plugging numbers from Pythagorean triplets is the best way to get that not
sufficient.
Answer E.
5. At a certain theater, the cost of each adult's ticket is $5 and the cost of
each child's ticket is $2. What was the average cost of all the adult's and
children's tickets sold at the theater yesterday?
(1) Yesterday ratio of # of children's ticket sold to the # of adult's ticketr sold
was 3 to 2
(2) Yesterday 80 adult's tickets were sold at the theater.
Av. cost=(2*C+5*A)/(C+A)
(1) 3A=2C A=2C/3 --> Av.cost C(2+5*2/3)/C(1+2/3) --> (2+5*2/3)/(1+2/3)
Sufficient
(2) A=80 know nothing about C Not sufficient.
Answer: A
6. Are some goats not cows?

(1) All cows are lions
(2) All lions are goats.
This is good one:
Question generally asks is g>c?
(1) c<=l Not sufficient
(2) l<=g Not sufficient
(1)+(2) c<=l<=g --> If all cows are lions and all lions are goats there are no
goat, which are not cows, in other case there are, so Not sufficient
Answer: E.
7. Patrick is cleaning his house in anticipation of the arrival of guests. He

needs to vacuum the floors, fold the laundry, and put away the dishes after
the dishwasher completes its cycle. If the dishwasher is currently running and
has 55 minutes remaining in its cycle, can Patrick complete all of the tasks
before his guests arrive in exactly 1 hour?
(1) Vacuuming the floors and folding the laundry will take Patrick 36 minutes.
(2) Putting away the dishes will take Patrick 7 minutes.
(1) Don't know how much time is needed to put away dishes. Not sufficient
(2) If dishwasher will stop after 55 min and 7 min is needed to put away
dishes 55+7=62>60, so Patrick won't complete all of the tasks before his
guests arrive in exactly 1 hour. Sufficient
Answer: B
8. Are all of the numbers in a certain list of 15 numbers equal?

(1) The sum of all the numbers in the list is 60.
(2) The sum of any 3 numbers in the list is 12.
(1) S=60 list can contain numerous combination of 15 numbers totaling 60.
Not sufficient.
(2) If the sum of ANY 3 numbers=12 all numbers=12/3=4. Sufficient.
Answer: B.
http://gmatclub.com/forum/collection-of-8-ds-questions-85290.html
DS Questions New:
1. The sum of n consecutive positive integers is 45. What is the value of n?
(1) n is even
(2) n < 9
(1) n=2 --> 22+23=45, n=4 --> n=6 x1+(x1+1)+(x1+2)+(x1+3)+
(x1+4)+(x1+5)=45 x1=5. At least two options for n. Not sufficient.
(2) n<9 same thing not sufficient.
(1)+(2) No new info. Not sufficient.
Answer: E.
2. Is a product of three integers XYZ a prime?

(1) X=-Y
(2) Z=1
(1) x=-y --> for xyz to be a prime z must be -p AND x=-y shouldn't be
zero. Not sufficient.
(2) z=1 --> Not sufficient.
(1)+(2) x=-y and z=1 --> x and y can be zero, xyz=0 not prime OR xyz is
negative, so not prime. In either case we know xyz not prime.
Answer: C
3. Multiplication of the two digit numbers wx and cx, where w,x and c are
unique non-zero digits, the product is a three digit number. What is w+cx?
(1) The three digits of the product are all the same and different from w c
and x.
(2) x and w+c are odd numbers.
(1) wx+cx=aaa (111, 222, ... 999=37*k) --> As x is the units digit in both
numbers, a can be 1,4,6 or 9 (2,3,7 out because x^2 can not end with 2,3,
or 7. 5 is out because in that case x also should be 5 and we know that x
and a are distinct numbers).
1 is also out because 111=37*3 and we need 2 two digit numbers.
444=37*12 no good we need units digit to be the same.
666=37*18 no good we need units digit to be the same.
999=37*27 is the only possibility all digits are distinct except the unit
digits of multiples.
Sufficient
(2) x and w+c are odd numbers.
Number of choices: 13 and 23 or 19 and 29 and w+c-x is the different
even number.
Answer: A.
4. Is y x positive?
(1) y > 0
(2) x = 1 y
Easy one even if y>0 and x+y=1, we can find the x,y when y-x>0 and yx<0

Answer: E.
5. If a and b are integers, and a not= b, is |a|b > 0?

(1) |a^b| > 0
(2) |a|^b is a non-zero integer
This is tricky |a|b > 0 to hold true: a#0 and b>0.
(1) |a^b|>0 only says that a#0, because only way |a^b| not to be positive
is when a=0. Not sufficient. NOTE having absolute value of variable |a|,
doesn't mean it's positive. It's not negative --> |a|>=0
(2) |a|^b is a non-zero integer. What is the difference between (1) and
(2)? Well this is the tricky part: (2) says that a#0 and plus to this gives us
two possibilities as it states that it's integer:
A. -1>a>1 (|a|>1), on this case b can be any positive integer: because if b
is negative |a|^b can not be integer.
OR
B. |a|=1 (a=-1 or 1) and b can be any integer, positive or negative.
So (2) also gives us two options for b. Not sufficient.
(1)+(2) nothing new: a#0 and two options for b depending on a. Not
sufficient.
Answer: E.
6. If M and N are integers, is (10^M + N)/3 an integer?

(1) N = 5
(2) MN is even
Note: it's not given that M and N are positive.
(1) N=5 --> if M>0 (10^M + N)/3 is an integer ((1+5)/3), if M<0 (10^M +
N)/3 is a fraction ((1/10^|M|+5)/3). Not sufficient.
(2) MN is even --> one of them or both positive/negative AND one of them
or both even. Not sufficient
(1)+(2) N=5 MN even --> still M can be negative or positive. Not sufficient.
Answer: E.
7. If b, c, and d are constants and x^2 + bx + c = (x + d)^2 for all values

of x, what is the value of c?

(1) d = 3
(2) b = 6
Note this part: "for all values of x"
So, it must be true for x=0 --> c=d^2 --> b=2d
(1) d = 3 --> c=9 Sufficient
(2) b = 6 --> b=2d, d=3 --> c=9 Sufficient
Answer: D.
8. If x and y are non-zero integers and |x| + |y| = 32, what is xy?
(1) -4x - 12y = 0
(2) |x| - |y| = 16
(1) x+3y=0 --> x and y have opposite signs --> either 4y=32 y=8 x=-3,
xy=-24 OR -4y=32 y=-8 x=3 xy=24. The same answer. Sufficient.
(2) Multiple choices. Not sufficient.
Answer: A.
9. Is the integer n odd

(1) n is divisible by 3
(2) 2n is divisible by twice as many positive integers as n
(1) 3 or 6. Clearly not sufficient.
(2) TIP:
When odd number n is doubled, 2n has twice as many factors as n.
Thats because odd number has only odd factors and when we multiply n
by two we remain all these odd factors as divisors and adding exactly the
same number of even divisors, which are odd*2.
Sufficient.
Answer: B.
10. The sum of n consecutive positive integers is 45. What is the value of
n?
(1) n is odd
(2) n >= 9
Look at the Q 1 we changed even to odd and n<9 to n>=9
(1) not sufficient see Q1.

(2) As we have consecutive positive integers max for n is 9: 1+2+3+...
+9=45. (If n>9=10 first term must be zero. and we are given that all
terms are positive) So only case n=9. Sufficient.
Answer: B.
http://gmatclub.com/forum/the-sum-of-n-consecutive-positive-integers-is85413.html
1. When the positive integer x is divided by 4, is the remainder equal

to 3?
(1) When x/3 is divided by 2, the remainder is 1.
(2) x is divisible by 5.
Answer: E.
2. In 2003 Acme Computer priced its computers five times higher

than its printers. What is the ratio of its gross revenue for
computers and printers respectively in the year 2003?
(1) In the first half of 2003 it sold computers and printers in the ratio of 3:2,
respectively, and in the second half in the ratio of 2:1.
(2) It sold each computer for $1000.
Answer: E
3. Last Tuesday a trucker paid $155.76, including 10 percent state

and federal taxes, for diesel fuel. What was the price per gallon for the
fuel if the taxes are excluded?
(1) The trucker paid $0.118 per gallon in state and federal taxes on the fuel
last Tuesday.
(2) The trucker purchased 120 gallons of the fuel last Tuesday.
Answer: D.
4. What is the remainder when the positive integer x is divided by 8?

(1) When x is divided by 12, the remainder is 5.

Answer: E.
5. Al, Pablo, and Marsha shared the driving on a 1500 mile trip,
which of the three drove the greatest distance on the trip?
(1) Al drove 1 hour longer than Pablo but at an average of 5 miles per hour
slower than Pablo.
(2) Marsha drove 9 hours and averaged 50 miles per hour
Answer: E.
6. How many perfect squares are less than the integer d?

(1) 23 < d < 33
(2) 27 < d < 37
Answer: B.
7. The integers m and p are such that 2 is less than m and m is less
than p. Also, m is not a factor of p. If r is the remainder when p is
divided by m, is r > 1.
(1) The greatest common factor of m and p is 2.
(2) The least common multiple of m and p is 30.
Answer: A.
8. A scientist is studying bacteria whose cell population doubles at

constant intervals, at which times each cell in the population divides
simultaneously. Four hours from now, immediately after the
population doubles, the scientist will destroy the entire sample. How
many cells will the population contain when the bacteria is
destroyed?
(1) Since the population divided two hours ago, the population has
quadrupled, increasing by 3,750 cells.
(2) The population will double to 40,000 cells with one hour remaining until
the scientist destroys the sample.
Answer: C.

9. Is x^2 equal to xy?
(1) x^2 - y^2 = (x+5)(y-5)
(2) x=y
Answer: B.
10. A number of oranges are to be distributed evenly among a

number of baskets. Each basket will contain at least one orange. If
there are 20 oranges to be distributed, what is the number of
oranges per basket?
(1) If the number of baskets were halved and all other conditions remained
the same, there would be twice as many oranges in every remaining basket.
(2) If the number of baskets were doubled, it would no longer be possible to
place at least one orange in every basket.
Answer: B.
11. If p is a prime number greater than 2, what is the value of p?

(1) There are a total of 100 prime numbers between 1 and p+1
(2) There are a total of p prime numbers between 1 and 3912.
Answer: D.
12. If x is a positive integer, what is the least common multiple of x,

6, and 9?
(1) The LCM of x and 6 is 30.
(2) The LCM of x and 9 is 45.
Answer: D.
http://gmatclub.com/forum/collection-of-12-ds-questions-85441-20.html#p642315
Standard Deviation:
Please note the following:
A. I was assured MANY TIMS, by various GMAT tutors, that GMAT won't ask you to
actually calculate SD, but rather to understand the concept of it. Though KNOWING
how it's calculated helps in understanding the concept.
B. During the real GMAT it's highly unlikely to get more than one ot two question on
SD (as on combinatorics), actually you may see none, so do not spend too much of
your preparation time on it, it's better to concentrate on issues you'll definitely face
on G-day.
Many questions below are easy, some are tough, but anyway they are good to
master in solving SD problems. I'll post OA after some discussions. Please provide
your way of thinking along with the answer. Thanks.
1. What is the standard deviation of Company Rs earnings per
month for this year?
(1) The standard deviation of Company Rs earnings per month in the first
half of this year was $2.3 million.
(2) The standard deviation of Company Rs earnings per month in the
second half of this year was $3.9 million.
Answer: E.
2. What is the standard deviation of Q, a set of consecutive
integers?
(1) Q has 21 members.
(2) The median value of set Q is 20.
Answer: A.
3. Lifetime of all the batteries produced by certain companies
have a distribution which is symmetric about mean m. If the
distribution has a standard deviation of d , what percentage of
distribution is greater than m+d?
(1) 68 % of the distribution in the interval from m-d to m+d, inclusive
(2) 16% of the distribution is less than m-d
Answer: D.
4. Question deleted
5. List S and list T each contain 5 positive integers, and for each
list the average of the integers in the list is 40. If the integers
30,40 and 50 are in both lists , is the standard deviation of the
integers in list S greater than the standard deviation of the
integers in list T?
(1)The integer 25 is in list S
(2)The integer 45 is in list T
Answer: C.
6. Set T consists of odd integers divisible by 5. Is standard
deviation of T positive?
(1) All members of T are positive
(2) T consists of only one member
Answer: B.

7. Set X consists of 8 integers. Is the standard deviation of set X
equal to zero?
(1) The range of set X is equal to 3
(2) The mean of set X is equal to 5
Answer: A.
8. {x,y,z}
If the first term in the data set above is 3, what is the third term?
(1) The range of this data set is 0.
(2) The standard deviation of this data set is 0.
Answer: D.
9. Question deleted
10. A scientist recorded the number of eggs in each of 10 birds'
nests. What was the standard deviation of the numbers of eggs in
the 10 nests?
(1) The average (arithmetic mean) number of eggs for the 10 nests was 4.
(2) Each of the 10 nests contained the same number of eggs.
Answer: B.
11. During an experiment, some water was removed from each of
the 6 water tanks. If the standard deviation of the volumes of
water in the tanks at the beginning of the experiment was 10
gallons, what was the standard deviation of the volumes of water
in the tanks at the end of the experiment?
(1) For each tank, 30% of the volume of water that was in the tank at the
beginning of the experiment was removed during the experiment.
(2) The average (arithmetic mean) volume of water in the tanks at the end
of the experiment was 63 gallons.
Answer: A.
http://gmatclub.com/forum/lately-many-questions-were-asked-about-thestandard-85896.html
Inequality and absolute value.
1. If 6*x*y = x^2*y + 9*y, what is the value of xy?
(1) y x = 3
(2) x^3< 0
First let's simplify given expression
-->
. Note here that we CAN NOT reduce
this expression by , as some of you did. Remember we are asked to
determine the value of
, and when reducing by you are assuming
that doesn't equal to . We don't know that.
Next: we can conclude that either
or/and
. Which means that
equals to 0, when y=0 and x any value (including 3), OR

when y is not equal to zero, and x=3.
(1)
. If y is not 0, x must be 3 and y-x to be 3, y must be 6. In this
case
. But if y=0 then x=-3 and
Not sufficient.
. Two possible scenarios.
OR:
-->
either
-->
or
--> if
and
-->
, then
and
if
, then
. Two different answers. Not sufficient.
(2)
. x is negative, hence x is not equals to 3, hence y must be 0. So,
xy=0. Sufficient.
Answer: B.
2. 2. If y is an integer and y = |x| + x, is y = 0?
(1) x < 0
(2) y < 1
Note: as
then
and for
is never negative. For
then
then (when x is negative or zero) then
.
(1)
-->
(2)
, as we concluded y is never negative, and we are given that
an integer, hence
. Sufficient.
is
. Sufficient.
Answer: D.
3. Is x^2 + y^2 > 4a?
(1) (x + y)^2 = 9a

(2) (x y)^2 = a
(1) (x + y)^2 = 9a --> x^2+2xy+y^2=9a. Clearly insufficient.
(2) (x y)^2 = a --> x^2-2xy+y^2=a. Clearly insufficient.
(1)+(2) Add them up 2(x^2+y^2)=10a --> x^2+y^2=5a. Also
insufficient as x,y, and a could be 0 and x^2 + y^2 > 4a won't be true, as
LHS and RHS would be in that case equal to zero. Not sufficient.
Answer: E.
4. 4. Are x and y both positive?
(1) 2x-2y=1
(2) x/y>1
(1) 2x-2y=1. Well this one is clearly insufficient. You can do it with number
plugging OR consider the following: x and y both positive means that point
(x,y) is in the I quadrant. 2x-2y=1 --> y=x-1/2, we know it's an equation of
a line and basically question asks whether this line (all (x,y) points of this
line) is only in I quadrant. It's just not possible. Not sufficient.
(2) x/y>1 --> x and y have the same sign. But we don't know whether
they are both positive or both negative. Not sufficient.
(1)+(2) Again it can be done with different approaches. You should just
find the one which is the less time-consuming and comfortable for you
personally.
One of the approaches:
-->
-->
--> substitute x -->
is positive too. Sufficient.
-->
is positive, and as
Answer: C.
5. 5. What is the value of y?
(1) 3|x^2 -4| = y - 2
(2) |3 - y| = 11
(1) As we are asked to find the value of y, from this statement we can
conclude only that y>=2, as LHS is absolute value which is never
negative, hence RHS als can not be negative. Not sufficient.
(2) |3 - y| = 11:
y<3 --> 3-y=11 --> y=-8
y>=3 --> -3+y=11 --> y=14
Two values for y. Not sufficient.
(1)+(2) y>=2, hence y=14. Sufficient.
Answer: C.
6. 6. If x and y are integer, is y > 0?
(1) x +1 > 0
(2) xy > 0
(1) x+1>0 --> x>-1. As x is an integer x can take the following values
0,1,2,... But we know nothing about y. Not sufficient.
(2) xy>0. x and y have the same sign (both positive OR both negative)
and neither x nor y is zero. Not sufficient.
(1)+(2) x is positive, as from (1) it's 0,1,2.. and from (2) x is not zero.
Hence xy to be positive y also must be positive. Sufficient.
Answer: C.
____________
7. 7. |x+2|=|y+2| what is the value of x+y?
(1) xy<0
(2) x>2 y<2
This one is quite interesting.
First note that |x+2|=|y+2| can take only two possible forms:
A. x+2=y+2 --> x=y. This will occur if and only x and y are both >= than
-2 OR both <= than -2. In that case x=y. Which means that their
product will always be positive or zero when x=y=0.
B. x+2=-y-2 --> x+y=-4. This will occur when either x or y is less then -2
and the other is more than -2.
When we have scenario A, xy will be nonnegative only. Hence if xy is
negative we have scenario B and x+y=-4. Also note that vise-versa is not

right. Meaning that we can have scenario B and xy may be positive as well
as negative.
(1) xy<0 --> We have scenario B, hence x+y=-4. Sufficient.
(2) x>2 and y<2, x is not equal to y, we don't have scenario A, hence we
have scenario B, hence x+y=-4. Sufficient.
Answer: D.
8. 8. a*b#0. Is |a|/|b|=a/b?
(1) |a*b|=a*b
(2) |a|/|b|=|a/b|
|a|/|b|=a/b is true if and only a and b have the same sign, meaning a/b is
positive.
(1) |a*b|=a*b, means a and b are both positive or both negative, as LHS is
never negative (well in this case LHS is positive as neither a nor b equals
to zero). Hence a/b is positive in any case. Hence |a|/|b|=a/b. Sufficient.
(2) |a|/|b|=|a/b|, from this we can not conclude whether they have the
same sign or not. Not sufficient.
Answer: A.
9. 9. Is n<0?
(1) -n=|-n|
(2) n^2=16
(1) -n=|-n|, means that either n is negative OR n equals to zero. We are
asked whether n is negative so we can not be sure. Not sufficient.
(2) n^2=16 --> n=4 or n=-4. Not sufficient.
(1)+(2) n is negative OR n equals to zero from (1), n is 4 or -4 from (2). -->
n=-4, hence it's negative, sufficient.
Answer: C.
10.If n is not equal to 0, is |n| < 4 ?
(1) n^2 > 16
(2) 1/|n| > n
Question basically asks is -4<n<4 true.
(1) n^2>16 --> n>4 or n<-4, the answer to the question is NO. Sufficient.
(2) 1/|n| > n, this is true for all negative values of n, hence we can not
answer the question. Not sufficient.
Answer: A.
11. Is |x+y|>|x-y|?
(1) |x| > |y|
(2) |x-y| < |x|
To answer this question you should visualize it. We have comparison of
two absolute values. Ask yourself when |x+y| is more then than |x-y|? If
and only when x and y have the same sign absolute value of x+y will
always be more than absolute value of x-y. As x+y when they have the
same sign will contribute to each other and x-y will not.
5+3=8 and 5-3=2
OR -5-3=-8 and -5-(-3)=-2.
So if we could somehow conclude that x and y have the same sign or not
we would be able to answer the question.
(1) |x| > |y|, this tell us nothing about the signs of x and y. Not sufficient.
(2) |x-y| < |x|, says that the distance between x and y is less than distance
between x and origin. This can only happen when x and y have the same
sign, when they are both positive or both negative, when they are at the
same side from the origin. Sufficient. (Note that vise-versa is not right,
meaning that x and y can have the same sign but |x| can be less than |xy|, but if |x|>|x-y| the only possibility is x and y to have the same sign.)
Answer: B.
11.12. Is r=s?
(1) -s<=r<=s
(2) |r|>=s
This one is tough.
(1) -s<=r<=s, we can conclude two things from this statement:
A. s is either positive or zero, as -s<=s;
B. r is in the range (-s,s) inclusive, meaning that r can be -s as well as s.
But we don't know whether r=s or not. Not sufficient.
(2) |r|>=s, clearly insufficient.

(1)+(2) -s<=r<=s, s is not negative, |r|>=s --> r>=s or r<=-s. This
doesn't imply that r=s, from this r can be -s as well.
Consider: s=5, r=5 --> -5<=5<=5 |5|>=5
s=5, r=-5 --> -5<=-5<=5 |-5|>=5
Both statements are true with these values. Hence insufficient.
Answer: E.
_________________
12.13. Is |x-1| < 1?
(1) (x-1)^2 <= 1
(2) x^2 - 1 > 0
Last one.
Is |x-1| < 1? Basically the question asks is 0<x<2 true?
(1) (x-1)^2 <= 1 --> x^2-2x<=0 --> x(x-2)<=0 --> 0<=x<=2. x is in the
range (0,2) inclusive. This is the trick here. x can be 0 or 2! Else it would
be sufficient. So not sufficient.
(2) x^2 - 1 > 0 --> x<-1 or x>1. Not sufficient.
(1)+(2) Intersection of the ranges from 1 and 2 is 1<x<=2. Again 2 is
included in the range, thus as x can be 2, we can not say for sure that
0<x<2 is true. Not sufficient.
Answer: E.
http://gmatclub.com/forum/inequality-and-absolute-value-questions-frommy-collection-86939-40.html
Exponents and Roots:
1. If
, where
the units digit of ?
and
are positive integers, what is
(1)
(2)
(1)
--> since both

and
and
are positive integers then
are perfect squares --> there are only two perfect squares in

the given range 121=11^2 and 144=12^2 -->
and
.
Sufficient.(As cyclicity of units digit of in integer power is , therefore
the units digit of
(2)
is the same as the units digit of
-->
, so 3).
--> since both
are positive integers then:

. Sufficient.
and
-->
and
and
Answer: D.
2. 2. If x, y, and z are positive integers and
. Is
integer?
(1) is an even perfect square and is an odd perfect cube.
(2) is not an integer.
and
Note: a perfect square, is an integer that can be written as the

square of some other integer. For example 16=4^2, is a perfect
square. Similarly a perfect cube, is an integer that can be
written as the cube of some other integer. For example
27=3^3, is a perfect cube.
Make prime factorization of 2,700 -->
(1)
is an even perfect square and is an odd perfect cube --> if
either
or
and
perfect square which makes
then
an integer:
then
could be
or
is
must be a
. But if
which makes
not an
integer. Not sufficient.

(2)
is not an integer. Clearly insufficient.
(1)+(2) As from (1)
then
1) --> is a perfect square which makes

Sufficient.
, therefore it must be
an integer:
(from
or
Answer: C.
3. 3. If
then what is the value of
(1)
(2)
--> factor out
from the nominator and apply
to the expression in the denominator:

. So we should find the value of
(1)
-->
-->
(note that since
.
-->
then the second solution
is not valid). Sufficient.

(2)
. Not sufficient.
Answer: A.
4. 4. If
is
(1)
(2)
means that neither of unknown is equal to zero. Next,
Since
and
, so the question becomes: is

?
are positive numbers then the question boils down
whether
, which is the same as whether
(recall that odd
roots have the same sign as the base of the root, for example:
and
(1)
).
--> as even root from positive number (
in our case) is
positive then
, (or which is the same
answer to the original question is NO. Sufficient.
). Therefore
(2)
, (or which is the
same
--> the same here as
then
). Therefore answer to the original question is NO. Sufficient.
Answer: D.

5. 5. If
?
and
are negative integers, then what is the value of
(1)
(2)
(1)
--> as both
and
are negative integers then
-->
or
. Note that as
negative integer (x) in negative integer power (y) gives positive
number (1/81) then the power must be negative even number. Not
sufficient.
(2)
--> as the result is negative then
number -->
Not sufficient.
-->
(1)+(2) Only one pair of negative integers

statements
must be negative odd
and
or
and
-->
satisfies both
. Sufficient.
Answer: C.
6. 6. If
then what is the value of
(1)
(2)
and
(1)
-->
--> applying
we'll get:
-->
-->
, since given that
then
-->
hence
. Sufficient.
(2)
and
hold true is when
--> since
-->
and
then the only case
to
. Sufficient.
Answer: D.

7. 7. If
is a positive integer is
(1)
an integer?
is an integer
(2)
is not an integer
Must know for the GMAT: if is a positive integer then

is
either a positive integer itself or an irrational number. (It can
not be some reduced fraction eg 7/3 or 1/2)
Also note that the question basically asks whether
square.
is a perfect
(1)
is an integer --> can not be a perfect square because if it is,
for example if
for some positive integer then
. Sufficient.
(2)
is not an integer -->
Sufficient.
-->
Answer: D.
8. 8. What is the value of
(1)
(2)
(1)
Sufficient.
-->
--->
-->
(2)
-->
-->
(the power of 3 must be zero in order this equation to
hold true) -->

--> both and
Sufficient.
-->
-->
the sum of two non-negative values is zero

must be zero -->
-->
Answer: D.
9. 9. If
and are non-zero numbers, what is the value of

?

(1)
(2)
(1)
--> infinitely many combinations of , and are
possible which will give different values of the expression in the stem:
try x=y=1 and y=-6 or x=1, y=2, z=-3. Not sufficient.
(2)
-->
--> substitute this value of x into the
expression in the stem --> , as
then:
. Sufficient.
Must know for the GMAT:

and
.
Answer: B.
10.10. If and are non-negative integers and
an even integer?
is
(1)
(2)
(1)
-->
--> equate the powers:
-->
Since both
-->
and
.
are integers (and
and
) then
-->
and
, so the answer
to the question is No. Sufficient. (Note that
and
-->
and
is not a valid scenario (solution) as both unknowns
must be integers)
(2)
--> obviously
) and as
-->
must be an integer (since

then the only solution is
. So,
--> two scenarios are
possible:

A.
and
(notice that
holds true) -->
, and in this case:

B.
and
(notice that
;
holds true) -->
, and in this case:
Two different answers. Not sufficient.

Answer: A.
11.11. What is the value of
(1)
(2)
Notice that we are not told that the
(1)
--> if
and
and
are integers.
are integers then as
then
and
BUT if they are not, then for any value of there will
exist some non-integer to satisfy given expression and vise-versa
(for example if
then
-->
-->
). Not sufficient.
(2)
-->
--> either
number (including 2) or
sufficient.
(1)+(2) If from (2)
if from (2)
and
and
and
is ANY number (including 1). Not
then from (1)
then from (1)
is ANY
-->
-->
and
. Thus
. Sufficient.
Answer: C.
http://gmatclub.com/forum/tough-and-tricky-exponents-and-rootsquestions-125967-20.html
Discreet Chart of DS:
1. Bonnie can paint a stolen car in x hours, and Clyde can paint
the same car in y hours. They start working simultaneously
and independently at their respective constant rates at
9:45am. If both x and y are odd integers, is x=y?
(1) x^2+y^2<12
(2) Bonnie and Clyde complete the painting of the car at 10:30am
Solution: the-discreet-charm-of-the-ds-126962-20.html#p1039633
2. Is xy<=1/2?
(1) x^2+y^2=1
(2) x^2-y^2=0
3. If a, b and c are integers, is abc an even integer?
(1) b is halfway between a and c
(2) a = b - c
4. How many numbers of 5 consecutive positive integers is
divisible by 4?
(1) The median of these numbers is odd
(2) The average (arithmetic mean) of these numbers is a prime
number
5. What is the value of integer x?
(1) 2x^2+9<9x
(2) |x+10|=2x+8
6. If a and b are integers and ab=2, is a=2?
(1) b+3 is not a prime number
(2) a>b
7. A certain fruit stand sold total of 76 oranges to 19
customers. How many of them bought only one orange?
(1) None of the customers bought more than 4 oranges
(2) The difference between the number of oranges bought by any two
customers is even
8. If x=0.abcd, where a, b, c and d are digits from 0 to 9,

inclusive, is x>7/9?
(1) a+b>14
(2) a-c>6
9. If x and y are negative numbers, is x<y?
(1) 3x + 4 < 2y + 3
(2) 2x - 3 < 3y - 4
10. The function f is defined for all positive integers a and b by
the following rule: f(a,b)=(a+b)/GCF(a,b), where GCF(a,b) is
the greatest common factor of a and b. If f(10,x)=11, what is
the value of x?
(1) x is a square of an integer
(2) The sum of the distinct prime factors of x is a prime number.
11. If x and y are integers, is x a positive integer?
(1) x*|y| is a prime number.
(2) x*|y| is non-negative integer.
12. If 6a=3b=7c, what is the value of a+b+c?
(1) ac=6b
(2) 5b=8a+4c
Discreet Charm of DS Solutions by Bunuel:
1. Bonnie can paint a stolen car in x hours, and Clyde can paint
the same car in y hours. They start working simultaneously
and independently at their respective constant rates at
9:45am. If both x and y are odd integers, is x=y?
Bonnie and Clyde when working together complete the painting of
the car ins
hours (sum of the rates equal to the combined rate
or reciprocal of total time:
-->
). Now, if
then the total time would be:

, since is odd then this time
would be odd/2: 0.5 hours, 1.5 hours, 2.5 hours, ....
(1) x^2+y^2<12 --> it's possible
and
to be odd and equal to
each other if
but it's also possible that
vise-versa). Not sufficient.
and
(or
(2) Bonnie and Clyde complete the painting of the car at 10:30am
--> they complete the job in 3/4 of an hour (45 minutes), since it's
not odd/2 then and are not equal. Sufficient.
Answer: B.
2. 2. Is xy<=1/2?
(1) x^2+y^2=1. Recall that
(square of any number is
more than or equal to zero) -->

then:
(2) x^2-y^2=0 -->
-->
--> since
. Sufficient.
. Clearly insufficient.
Answer: A.
3. 3. If a, b and c are integers, is abc an even integer?
In order the product of the integers to be even at leas on of them
must be even
(1) b is halfway between a and c --> on the GMAT we often see such
statement and it can ALWAYS be expressed algebraically as
.
Now, does that mean that at leas on of them is be even? Not
necessarily:
,
and
, of course it's also possible that
for example
, for
and
. Not sufficient.
(2) a = b - c -->
. Since it's not possible that the sum of two
odd integers to be odd then the case of 3 odd numbers is ruled out,
hence at least on of them must be even. Sufficient.
Answer: B.

4. 4. How many numbers of 5 consecutive positive integers is
divisible by 4?
(1) The median of these numbers is odd --> the median of the set
with odd number of terms is just a middle term, thus our set of 5
consecutive numbers is: {Odd, Even, Odd, Even, Odd}. Out of 2
consecutive even integers only one is a multiple of 4. Sufficient.
(2) The average (arithmetic mean) of these numbers is a prime
number --> in any evenly spaced set the arithmetic mean (average)
is equal to the median --> mean=median=prime. Since it's not
possible that median=2=even, (in this case not all 5 numbers will
be positive), then median=odd prime, and we have the same case
as above. Sufficient.
Answer: D.
5. 5. What is the value of integer x?
(1) 2x^2+9<9x --> factor qudratics:

--> roots are
and 3 --> "<" sign indicates that the solution lies between the
roots:
--> since there only integer in this range is 2 then
. Sufficient.
(2) |x+10|=2x+8 --> LHS is an absolute value, which is always non
negative, hence RHS must also be non-negative:
-->
, for this range
is positive hence
-->
. Sufficient.
-->
Answer: D.
Check this for more on solving inequalities like the one in the first
statement:
x2-4x-94661.html#p731476
inequalities-trick-91482.html
everything-is-less-than-zero-108884.html?hilit=extreme#p868863
xy-plane-71492.html?hilit=solving%20quadratic#p841486
6. 6. If a and b are integers and ab=2, is a=2?
Notice that we are not told that a and b are positive.
There are following integer pairs of (a, b) possible: (1, 2), (-1, -2),

(2, 1) and (-2, -1). Basically we are asked whether we have the
third case.
(1) b+3 is not a prime number --> rules out 1st and 4th options. Not
sufficient.
(2) a>b --> again rules out 1st and 4th options. Not sufficient.
(1)+(2) Still two options are left: (-1, -2) and (2, 1). Not sufficient.
Answer: E.
7. 7. A certain fruit stand sold total of 76 oranges to 19
customers. How many of them bought only one orange?
(1) None of the customers bought more than 4 oranges --> this
basically means that all customers bought exactly 4 oranges
(76/19=4), because if even one customer bought less than 4, the
sum will be less than 76. Hence, no one bought only one orange.
Sufficient.
(2) The difference between the number of oranges bought by any
two customers is even --> in order the difference between ANY
number of oranges bought to be even, either all customers must
have bought odd number of oranges or all customers must have
bough even number of oranges. But the first case is not possible:
the sum of 19 odd numbers is odd and not even like 76. Hence,
again no one bought only one=odd orange. Sufficient.
Answer: D.
8. 8. If x=0.abcd, where a, b, c and d are digits from 0 to 9,
inclusive, is x>7/9?
First of all 7/9 is a recurring decimal =0.77(7). For more on
converting Converting Decimals to Fractions see: math-numbertheory-88376.html
(1) a+b>14 --> the least value of a is 6 (6+9=15>14), so in this
case x=0.69d<0.77(7) but a=7 and b=9 is also possible, and in this
case x=0.79d>0.77(7). Not sufficient.
(2) a-c>6 --> the least value of a is 7 (7-0=7>6), but we don't know
the value of b. Not sufficient.

(1)+(2) The least value of a is 7 and in this case from (1) least value
of b is 8 (7+8=15>14), hence the least value of x=0.78d>0.77(7).
Sufficient.
Answer: C.
___________
9. 9. If x and y are negative numbers, is x<y?
(1) 3x + 4 < 2y + 3 -->
. can be some very small
number for instance -100 and some large enough number for
instance -3 and the answer would be YES,
BUT if
and
then the answer would be NO,
. Not sufficient.
(2) 2x - 3 < 3y - 4 -->

-->
-->
(as y+negative is "more negative" than y). Sufficient.
Answer: B.
10.
10. The function f is defined for all positive integers a
and b by the following rule: f(a,b)=(a+b)/GCF(a,b), where
GCF(a,b) is the greatest common factor of a and b. If
f(10,x)=11, what is the value of x?
Notice that the greatest common factor of 10 and x, GCF(10,x),
naturally must be a factor of 10: 1, 2, 5, and 10. Thus from
f(10,x)=11 we can get four different values of x:
GCF(10,x)=1 -->
-->
GCF(10,x)=2 -->
-->
GCF(10,x)=5 -->
-->
GCF(10,x)=10 -->
-->
(1) x is a square of an integer -->
;
;
;
.
can be 1 or 100. Not sufficient.
(2) The sum of the distinct prime factors of x is a prime number --->
distinct primes of 12 are 2 and 3:
of 45 are 3 and 5:
and 5:
, distinct primes
and distinct primes of 100 are 2
can be 12 or 100. Not sufficient.
(1)+(2)
can only be 100. Sufficient.
Answer: C.
_________________
11.
11. If x and y are integers, is x a positive integer?
(1) x*|y| is a prime number --> since only positive numbers can
be primes, then: x*|y|=positive --> x=positive. Sufficient
(2) x*|y| is non-negative integer. Notice that we are told that x*|y| is
non-negative, not that it's positive, so x can be positive as well as
zero. Not sufficient.
Answer: A.
12.
12. If 6a=3b=7c, what is the value of a+b+c?
Given:
--> least common multiple of 6, 3, and 7 is 42
hence we ca write:
, for some number -->
,
and
.
(1) ac=6b -->
sufficient.
(2) 5b=8a+4c -->
-->
-->
-->
-->
-->
or
-->
. Sufficient.
. Not
-->
Answer: B.
http://gmatclub.com/forum/the-discreet-charm-of-the-ds-12696240.html
Devils Dozen Questions
1. Jules and Jim both invested certain amount of money in
bond M for one year, which pays for 12% simple interest
annually. If no other investment were made, then Jules
initial investment in bond M was how many dollars more
than Jim's investment in bond M.
(1) In one year Jules earned $24 more than Jim from bond M.
(2) If the interest were 20% then in one year Jules would have
earned $40 more than Jim from bond M.

Solution: devil-s-dozen-129312.html#p1063846
2. If n is a positive integer and p is a prime number, is p a
factor of n!?
(1) p is a factor of (n+2)!-n!
(2) p is a factor of (n+2)!/n!
3. If x and y are integers, is y an even integer?
(1) 4y^2+3x^2=x^4+y^4
(2) y=4-x^2
4. Of the 58 patients of Vertigo Hospital, 45 have
arachnophobia. How many of the patients have acrophobia?
(1) The number of patients of Vertigo Hospital who have both
arachnophobia and acrophobia is the same as the number of
patients who have neither arachnophobia nor acrophobia.
(2) 32 patients of Vertigo Hospital have arachnophobia but not
acrophobia.
5. If at least one astronaut do NOT listen to Bach at Solaris
space station, then how many of 35 astronauts at Solaris
space station listen to Bach?
(1) Of the astronauts who do NOT listen to Bach 56% are male.
(2) Of the astronauts who listen to Bach 70% are female.
6. Is the perimeter of triangle with the sides a, b and c
greater than 30?
(1) a-b=15.
(2) The area of the triangle is 50.
7. Set A consists of k distinct numbers. If n numbers are
selected from the set one-by-one, where n<=k, what is the
probability that numbers will be selected in ascending
order?

(1) Set A consists of 12 even consecutive integers.
(2) n=5.
Solution: devil-s-dozen-129312-20.html#p1063874
8. If p is a positive integer, what is the remainder when p^2
is divided by 12?
(1) p is greater than 3.
(2) p is a prime.
9. The product of three distinct positive integers is equal to
the square of the largest of the three numbers, what is the
product of the two smaller numbers?
(1) The average (arithmetic mean) of the three numbers is 34/3.
(2) The largest number of the three distinct numbers is 24.
10. There is at least one viper and at least one cobra in
Pandora's box. How many cobras are there?
(1) There are total 99 snakes in Pandora's box.
(2) From any two snakes from Pandora's box at least one is a viper.
11. Alice has $15, which is enough to buy 11 muffins and 7
brownies, is $45 enough to buy 27 muffins and 27 brownies?
(1) $15 is enough to buy 7 muffins and 11 brownies.
(2) $15 is enough to buy 10 muffins and 8 brownies.
12. If x>0 and xy=z, what is the value of yz?
(1)
(2)
.
.
13. Buster leaves the trailer at noon and walks towards the
studio at a constant rate of B miles per hour. 20 minutes
later, Charlie leaves the same studio and walks towards the

same trailer at a constant rate of C miles per hour along the
same route as Buster. Will Buster be closer to the trailer
than to the studio when he passes Charlie?
(1) Charlie gets to the trailer in 55 minutes.
(2) Buster gets to the studio at the same time as Charlie gets to the
trailer.
Devils Dozen Solutions by Bunuel:

1. Jules and Jim both invested certain amount of money in
bond M for one year, which pays for 12% simple interest
annually. If no other investment were made, then Jules
initial investment in bond M was how many dollars more
than Jim's investment in bond M.
Question:
(1) In one year Jules earned $24 more than Jim from bond M.
-->
-->
. Sufficient.
(2) If the interest were 20% then in one year Jules would have
earned $40 more than Jim from bond M. Basically the same type
of information as above:
-->
-->
. Sufficient.
Answer: D.
2. 2. If n is a positive integer and p is a prime number, is p a
factor of n!?
(1) p is a factor of (n+2)!-n! --> if
then
for
then answer will be YES but for
be NO. Not sufficient.
(2) p is a factor of (n+2)!/n! -->

then
for
and for
and
the answer will
--> if
then answer will be YES but
the answer will be NO. Not sufficient.

(1)+(2)
. Now,
and
are consecutive integers. Two consecutive
integers are co-prime, which means that they don't share ANY
common factor but 1. For example 20 and 21 are consecutive
integers, thus only common factor they share is 1. So, as from
(2)
is a factor of
then it can not be a factor of
, thus in order
to be a factor of
, from (1), then it should be a factor of the

first multiple of this expression: . Sufficient.
Answer: C.
3. 3. If x and y are integers, is y an even integer?
(1) 4y^2+3x^2=x^4+y^4 --> rearrange:
>
of
: if
is odd then
--
. Notice that LHS is even for any value

and if is even
then the product is naturally even. So,

is also even, but
in order it to be even must be even, since if is odd then
. Sufficient.
(2) y=4-x^2 --> if
then
then
but if
. Not sufficient.
Answer: A.

4.
5. 5. If at least one astronaut do NOT listen to Bach at

Solaris space station, then how many of 35 astronauts at
Solaris space station listen to Bach?
Also very tricky.
(1) Of the astronauts who do NOT listen to Bach 56% are male
--> if # of astronauts who do NOT listen to Bach is then
is # of males who do NOT listen to Bach. Notice that
must be an integer. Hence x must be a multiple of
25: 25, 50, 75, ... But (# of astronauts who do NOT listen to
Bach) must also be less than (or equal to) 35. So can only be
25, which makes # of astronauts who do listen to Bach equal to
35-25=10. Sufficient.
(2) Of the astronauts who listen to Bach 70% are female. Now, if
we apply the same logic here we get that, if # of astronauts who
listen to Bach is
then
is # of females who listen to Bach:
must be an integer. Hence it must be a multiple of 10,

but in this case it can take more than 1 value: 10, 20, 30. So,
this statement is not sufficient.
Answer: A.

6. 6. Is the perimeter of triangle with the sides a, b and c
greater than 30?
700+ question.
(1) a-b=15. Must know for the GMAT: the length of any side of
a triangle must be larger than the positive difference of
the other two sides, but smaller than the sum of the
other two sides. So, a+b>c>15 --> a+b+c>30. Sufficient.
(2) The area of the triangle is 50. For a given perimeter
equilateral triangle has the largest area. Now, if the
perimeter were equal to 30 then it would have the largest area if
it were equilateral. Let's find what this area would be:
. Since even
equilateral triangle with perimeter of 30 can not produce the
area of 50, then the perimeter must be more that 30. Sufficient.
Answer: D.
7. 7. Set A consists of k distinct numbers. If n numbers are
selected from the set one-by-one, where n<=k, what is
the probability that numbers will be selected in
ascending order?
(1) Set A consists of 12 even consecutive integers;
(2) n=5.
We should understand following two things:
1. The probability of selecting any n numbers from the set is the
same. Why should any subset of n numbers have higher or lower
probability of being selected than some other subset of n
numbers? Probability doesn't favor any particular subset.
2. Now, consider that the subset selected is
where
. We can select this subset of numbers in
# of ways and out of these n! ways only one, namely
will be in ascending order. So 1 out of n!.
Hence, according to the above the only thing we need to know
to answer the question is the size of the subset (n) we are
selecting from set A.
Answer: B.
8. 8. If p is a positive integer, what is the remainder when
p^2 is divided by 12?
(1) p is greater than 3.
(2) p is a prime.
(1) p is greater than 3. Clearly insufficient: different values of
will give different values of the remainder.
(2) p is a prime. Also insufficient: if
but if
then the remainder is 4
then the remainder is 9.
(1)+(2) You can proceed with number plugging and try several
prime numbers greater than 3 to see that the remainder will
always be 1 (for example try
).
If you want to double-check this with algebra you should apply

the following property of the prime number: any prime number
greater than 3 can be expressed either as
.
or
If
then
when divided by 12;
which gives remainder 1
If
then
1 when divided by 12.
which also gives remainder
Answer: C.
9. 9. The product of three distinct positive integers is equal
to the square of the largest of the three numbers, what
is the product of the two smaller numbers?
700 question.
Let the three integers be , , and , where
-->
. Question:
. Given:
(1) The average (arithmetic mean) of the three numbers is 34/3

-->
-->
since and are integers, then
-->
and
. Now,
.
and

-->
. Sufficient. (Notice that
and
not possible since in this case
and we are told that all
integers are positive).
is
(2) The largest number of the three distinct numbers is 24.

Directly give the value of c. Sufficient.
Answer: D.
10.10. There is at least one viper and at least one cobra in
Pandora's box. How many cobras are there?
Quite tricky.
(1) There are total 99 snakes in Pandora's box. Clearly
insufficient.
(2) From any two snakes from Pandora's box at least one is a
viper. Since from ANY two snakes one is a viper then there can
not be 2 (or more) cobras and since there is at least one cobra
then there must be exactly one cobra in the box. Sufficient.
Answer: B.
11.11. Alice has $15, which is enough to buy 11 muffins and
7 brownies, is $45 enough to buy 27 muffins and 27
brownies?
700+ question.
Given:
, where
one brownie respectively.
and are prices of one muffin and
Question: is
? -->
. Question
basically asks whether we can substitute 2 muffins with 2
brownies.
Now if
we can easily substitute 2 muffins with 2 brownies
(since
will be more than ). But if
we won't know this
for sure.
But consider the case when we are told that we can substitute 3
muffins with 3 brownies. In both cases (
or
) it would
mean that we can substitute 2 (so less than 3) muffins with 2
brownies, but again we won't be sure whether we can substitute

4 (so more than 3) muffins with 4 brownies.
(1) $15 is enough to buy 7 muffins and 11 brownies -->
: we can substitute 4 muffins with 4 brownies, so
according to above we can surely substitute 2 muffins with 2
brownies. Sufficient.
(1) $15 is enough to buy 10 muffins and 8 brownies -->
: we can substitute 1 muffin with 1 brownie, so
according to above this is does not ensure that we can
substitute 2 muffins with 2 brownies. Not sufficient.
Answer: A.
12.12. If x>0 and xy=z, what is the value of yz?
(1)
. If
,
and
(2)
-->
then
and
but if
then
. Not sufficient.
-->
--> since
then:
. Sufficient.
Answer: B.
13.13. Buster leaves the trailer at noon and walks towards
the studio at a constant rate of B miles per hour. 20
minutes later, Charlie leaves the same studio and walks
towards the same trailer at a constant rate of C miles per
hour along the same route as Buster. Will Buster be
closer to the trailer than to the studio when he passes
Charlie?
(1) Charlie gets to the trailer in 55 minutes. No info about
Buster. Not sufficient.
(2) Buster gets to the studio at the same time as Charlie gets to
the trailer --> Charlie needed 20 minutes less than Buster to
cover the same distance, which means that the rate of Charlie is
higher than that of Buster. Since after they pass each other they
need the same time to get to their respective destinations (they
get at the same time to their respective destinations) then
Buster had less distance to cover ahead (at lower rate) than he
had already covered (which would be covered by Charlie at

higher rate). Sufficient.
Answer: B.
1.If r is the remainder when the positive integer n is divided by 7, what is the value
of r
1. when n is divided by 21, the remainder is an odd number
2. when n is divided by 28, the remainder is 3
The possible reminders can be 1,2,3,4,5 and 6. We have the pinpoint the exact
remainder from this 6 numbers.
St 1: when n is divided by 21 ( 7 and 3) the remainder is an odd number.
But it cannot be 7, 3 or 9 . Hence the possibilities are : 1 and 5.
Hence there can be two remainders ,1 and 5, when divided by 7.
NOT SUFFICIENT
St 2: when n is divided by 28 the remainder is 3.
As 7 is a factor of 28, the remainder when divided by 7 will be 3
SUFFICIENT
2 If n and m are positive integers, what is the remainder when 3^(4n + 2 + m) is

divided by 10 ?
(1) n = 2
(2) m = 1
The Concept tested here is cycles of powers of 3.
The cycles of powers of 3 are : 3,9,7,1
St I) n = 2. This makes 3^(4*2 +2 + m) = 3^(10+m). we do not know m and hence
cannot figure out the unit digit.
St II) m=1 . This makes 3^(4*n +2 + 1).
4n can be 4,8,12,16...
3^(4*n +2 + 1) will be 3^7,3^11, 3^15,3^19 ..... in each case the unit digit will be
7. SUFF
Hence B
3.If p is a positive odd integer, what is the remainder when p is divided by 4 ?

(1) When p is divided by 8, the remainder is 5.
(2) p is the sum of the squares of two positive integers.
st1. take multiples of 8....divide them by 4...remainder =1 in each case...

st2. p is odd ,since p is square of 2 integers...one will be even and other odd....now
when we divide any even square by 4 v ll gt 0 remainder..and when divide odd
square vll get 1 as remainder......so intoatal remainder=1
Ans : D
4.If p and n are positive integers and p > n, what is the remainder when p^2 - n^2
is divided by 15 ?
(1) The remainder when p + n is divided by 5 is 1.
(2) The remainder when p - n is divided by 3 is 1.
Ans: E
st1) p+n=6,11,16....insuff.
st2) p-n=4,7,10....insuff...
multiply these two to get p^2-n^2.....multiplying any ttwo values from the above
results in different remainder......
also can be done thru equation....p+n=5a+1..and so on
5.What is the remainder when the positive integer x is divided by 3 ?

Easy one , answer D
st 1...multiple of 6 will also be multiple of 3 so remainder wil be same as 2.
st2) multiple of 15 will also be multiple of 3....so the no.that gives remaindr 2 when
divided by 15 also gives 2 as the remainder when divided by 3...
6.What is the remainder when the positive integer n is divided by 6 ?

(1) n is a multiple of 5.
(2) n is a multiple of 12.
Easy one. Answer B
st 1) multiples of 5=5,10,15....all gives differnt remainders with 6
st2)n is divided by 12...so it will be divided by 6...remainder=0
7If x, y, and z are positive integers, what is the remainder when 100x + 10y + z is
divided by 7 ?
(1) y = 6
(2) z = 3
We need to know all the variables. We cannot get that from both the statements.
Hence the answer is E.
8.If n is a positive integer and r is the remainder when 4 + 7n is divided by 3, what
is the value of r ?
(1) n + 1 is divisible by 3.
(2) n > 20
Answer A
st1... n+1 divisible by 3..so n=2,5,8,11......
this gives 4+7n=18,39,60....remainder 0 in each case......
st2) insufficient ....n can have any value
9.If n is a positive integer and r is the remainder when (n - 1)(n + 1) is divided by

24, what is the value of r ?
(1) n is not divisible by 2.
(2) n is not divisible by 3.

ST 1- if n is not divisible by 2, then n is odd, so both (n - 1) and (n + 1) are even.
moreover, since every other even number is a multiple of 4, one of those two
factors is a multiple of 4. so the product (n - 1)(n + 1) contains one multiple of 2 and
one multiple of 4, so it contains at least 2 x 2 x 2 = three 2's in its prime
factorization.
But this is not sufficient, because it can be (n-1)*(n+1) can be 2*4 where remainder
is 8. it can be 4*6 where the remainder is 0.
ST 2- if n is not divisible by 3, then exactly one of (n - 1) and (n + 1) is divisible by 3,
because every third integer is divisible by 3. therefore, the product (n - 1)(n + 1)
contains a 3 in its prime factorization.
Just like st 1 this is not sufficient
the overall prime factorization of (n - 1)(n + 1) contains three 2's and a 3.
therefore, it is a multiple of 24.
sufficient
Answer C

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Bunuel DS Questions with Explanations

DS: 1. DS tough questions; 2. DS tough questions part 2; 3. DS tough

--> two digit integer can be written as follows:

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. Which means that

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is the same as the units digit of

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perfect square which makes

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is not an integer. Clearly insufficient.