POVERTY
Poverty is general scarcity dearth, or the state of one who lacks a certain
amount of material possessions or money. It is a multifaceted concept,
which includes social, economic, and political elements, poverty is the
inability of getting choices and opportunities is a violation of human
dignity.
It means insecurity, powerlessness and exclusion of individuals,
households and communities. It means susceptibility to violence, and it
often implies living in marginal or fragile environments, without access
to clean water or sanitation.
Analysis of social aspects of poverty links conditions of scarcity to
aspects of the distribution of resources and power in a society and
recognizes that poverty may be a function of the diminished "capability"
of people to live the kinds of lives they value. The social aspects of
poverty may include lack of access to information, education, health
care, or political power.
Poverty may also be understood as an aspect of unequal social
status and inequitable social relationships, experienced as social
exclusion, dependency, and diminished capacity to participate, or to
develop meaningful connections with other people in society. Such social
exclusion can be minimized through strengthened connections with the
mainstream, such as through the provision of relational care to those
who are experiencing poverty.
The World Bank's "Voices of the Poor," based on research with over
20,000 poor people in 23 countries, identifies a range of factors which
poor people identify as part of poverty. These include:
Abuse by those in power
Dis-empowering institutions
Excluded locations
Gender relationships
Lack of security
Limited capabilities
Physical limitations
Precarious livelihoods
Problems in social relationships
Weak community organizations
The World Bank estimated 1.29 billion people were living in absolute
poverty in 2008. Of these, about 400 million people in absolute poverty
lived in India and 173 million people in China. In terms of percentage of
regional population sub-Saharan Africa at 47% had the highest incidence
rate of absolute poverty in 2008.
ABSOLUTE POVERTY
Refers to the deprivation of basic human needs, which commonly
includes food, water, sanitation, clothing, shelter and health care.
Robert McNamara, the former President of the World Bank, described
absolute or extreme poverty as, "...a condition so limited
by malnutrition, illiteracy,disease, squalid surroundings, high infant
mortality, and low life expectancy as to be beneath any reasonable
definition of human decency".
CHARACTERISTICS OF POVERTY
LACK OF HEALTH
One third of deaths, some 18 million people a year or 50,000 per day are
due to poverty-related causes: in total 270 million people
People of color, women and children, are over represented among the
global poor and these effects of severe poverty. Those living in poverty
suffer disproportionately from hunger or even starvation and
disease. Those living in poverty suffer lower life expectancy.According to
the World Health Organization,hunger and malnutrition are the single
gravest threats to the world's public health and malnutrition is by far the
biggest contributor to child mortality, present in half of all cases.
Infectious diseases continue to blight the lives of the poor across the
world. An estimated 40 million people are living with HIV/AIDS, with 3
million deaths in 2004. Every year there are 350500 million cases of
malaria, with 1 million fatalities: Africa accounts for 90 percent of
malarial deaths and African children account for over 80 percent of
malaria victims worldwide.
VIOLENCE
According to experts, many women become victims of trafficking, the
most common form of which is prostitution, as a means of survival and
economic desperation. Deterioration of living conditions can often
compel children to abandon school to contribute to the family income,
putting them at risk of being exploited.
EDUCATION
In 2000, almost a billion people were unable to read a book or sign their
names.
Schools in poverty-stricken areas have conditions that hinder children
from learning in a safe environment. Researchers have developed a
name for areas like this: an urban war zone is a poor, crime-laden district
in which deteriorated, violent, even war-like conditions and underfunded,
largely ineffective schools promote inferior academic performance,
including irregular attendance and disruptive or non-compliant
classroom behavior
SHELTER
Poverty increases the risk of homelesness, slum-dwellers, who make up
a third of the world's urban population, live in a poverty no better, if not
worse, than rural people, who are the traditional focus of the poverty in
the developing world, according to a report by the United Nations.
There are over 100 million street children worldwide. Most of the children
living in institutions around the world have a surviving parent or close
relative, and they most commonly entered orphanages because of
poverty. Experts and child advocates maintain that orphanages are
expensive and often harm children's development by separating them
from their families. It is speculated that, flush with money, orphanages
are increasing and push for children to join even though demographic
data show that even the poorest extended families usually take in
children whose parents have died.
HUNGER
Rises in the costs of living making poor people less able to afford items.
Poor people spend a greater portion of their budgets on food than richer
people. As a result, poor households and those near the poverty
threshold can be particularly vulnerable to increases in food prices
RELATIVE POVERTY
Is defined contextually as economic inequality in the location or society
in which people live.
Relative poverty views poverty as socially defined and dependent on
social context, Usually, relative poverty is measured as the percentage
of population with income less than some fixed proportion of median
income.
ASSET POVERTY
Is an economic and social condition that is more persistent and prevalent
than income poverty. It can be defined as a households inability to
access wealth resources that are sufficient enough to provide for basic
needs for a period of three months.
Basic needs refer to the minimum standards for consumption and
acceptable needs.
Wealth resources consist of home ownership, other real estate (second
home, rented properties, etc.), net value of farm and business assets,
stocks, checking and savings accounts, and other savings (money in
savings bonds, life insurance policy cash values, etc.).
POVERTY IN MEXICO
Poverty in Mexico is measured under parameters such as nutrition, clean
water, shelter, education, health care, social security, quality and basic
services in the household, income and social cohesion as defined by
social development laws in the country.It is divided in two categories:
Moderate poverty and Extreme poverty.
While less than 2% of Mexico's population lives below the international
poverty line set by the World Bank, as of 2013, Mexico's government
estimates that 33% of Mexico's population lives in moderate poverty and
9% lives in extreme poverty, which leads to 42% of Mexico's total
population living below the national poverty line.
The huge gap might be explained by the government's adopting
the multidimensional poverty method as a way to measure poverty, so a
person who has an income higher than the "international poverty line" or
"well being income line" set by the Mexican government might fall in the
"moderate poverty" category if he or she has one or more deficiencies
related to social rights such as education (did not complete studies),
nutrition (malnutrition or obesity), or living standards (including
INEQUALITY IN MEXICO
Mexico does not promote equal opportunity employment despite
established laws forbidding most socially-recognized forms of
discrimination.
MAKE A DIFFERENCE
We are going to help the BUCKNER MEXICO association, giving them
resources like clothes and food, this association is dedicated to serve
people,strengthen families and promove sustainability, we decided to
help them because we liked their visin, this association want to be a
global force that maximizes resources and empowering leadership to
serve risk kids and families in Mexico and the world.