TM6003

Teknik Reservoir Lanjut

PR #3

Nama

Pradini Rahalintar

NIM

22214003

Tanggal Penyerahan

21 September 2015

Dosen

Prof. Dr. Ir. Hasian P. Septoratno Siregar

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG
2015

A cylinder is fitted with a leak-proof piston and calibrated so that the volume within the cylinder
can be read from a scale for any position of the piston. The cylinder is immersed in a constant
temperature bath maintained at 160oF, which is the reservoir temperature of the Sabine Gas Field.
Forty-five thousand cc of the gas, measured at 14.7 psia and 60 oF, is charged into the cylinder.
The volume is decreased in the steps indicated below, and the corresponding pressures are read
with a dead weight tester after temperature equilibrium is reached.

V, cc

2529

964

453

265

180

156.5

142.2

P, psia

300

750

1500

2500

4000

5000

6000

a. Calculate and place in tabular form the gas deviation factors and the ideal volumes that the
initial 45.000 cc occupies at 160oF and at each pressure.
b. Calculate the gas volume factors at each pressure in units of ft3/SCF.
c. Plot the deviation factor and the gas volume factors calculated in part (b) versus pressure on
the same graph.

Solution:
The number which is a measure of the amount the gas deviates from perfect behavior is called
gas deviation factor, symbol z. When the gas is highly compressed, the volume occupied by
the molecules themselves becomes an appreciable portion of the total volume. Since it is really
the space between the molecules which is compressed, and there is less compressible space, the
gas appears to be more difficult to compress. In addition, as the molecules get closer together
(i.e.: at high pressure), repulsive forces begin to develop between the molecules. This is indicated
by a gas deviation factor greater than unity.
The gas deviation factor is by definition the ratio of the volume actually occupied by a gas at a
given pressure and temperature to the volume it would occupy if it behave ideally, or:
z=

Va
Actual volume of n moles of gas at T p
=
(1)
V i Actual volume of n moles of gas at sameT p

And an equation for use with non-ideal gases:

p

( Vz )=n R T
a

'

or

pV a=z n R ' T

(2)

a. Gas deviation factors and ideal volumes that the initial 45000 cc occupies at 160 oF and at
each pressure.
At standard condition:
Pressure (P) : 14.7 psia
Temperature (T)
: 60 oF
Volume
: 45000 cc
To calculate gas deviation factor, we use this formula and use the given data:
z=

(z =1)(460+ T STD )
PV
STD
(3)
(460+ T )
P STD V STD

And to calculate ideal volumes we use equation (1)

V ideal =

V actual
z

Then we can obtain:

Table 1. Calculated gas deviation factors and ideal volumes

V, cc
2529
964
453
265
180
156.5
142.2

P, psia
300
750
1500
2500
4000
5000
6000

T, oF
160
160
160
160
160
160
160

T, R
620
620
620
620
620
620
620

z
0.9619
0.9167
0.8615
0.8400
0.9129
0.9921
1.0818

b. Calculate the gas volume factors at each pressure, in units of ft3/SCF.

Gas volume factors can be calculated by using this equation:

V ideal, cc
2629.0385
1051.6154
525.8077
315.4846
197.1779
157.7423
131.4519

P STD
T
B g= STD ( 4)
P
z T
The result is shown at table below.
Table

P
(psia)
300
750
1500
2500
4000
5000
6000

2. Calculated Gas Volume Factors

T
(R)
620
620
620
620
620
620
620

Bg
(scf/ST
B)
0.0562
0.0214
0.0101
0.0059
0.0040
0.0035
0.0032

Z
0.9619
0.9167
0.8615
0.8400
0.9129
0.9921
1.0818

c. Plot the deviation factor (z) and the gas volume factors calculated in part (b) versus pressure
on the same graph.
Z versus Pressure
1.2000

0.100

1.0000

0.080

0.8000
z

Bg versus Pressure

0.060

0.6000

0.040

0.4000
0.2000

0.020

0.0000

0.000
2000 4000 6000 8000

Pressure, psia

Figure 1. Z vs P and Bg vs P

Bg, SCF/STB