Elements of arts

Shape
Shape pertains to the use of areas in two-dimensional space that can be defined by edges. [1] Shapes can be geometric (e.g., square, circle,
hexagon, etc.) or organic (such as the shape of a puddle, blob, leaf, boomerang, etc.). Shapes are defined by other elements of art: Line, Form,
Space, Value, Color, Texture.
Form
The form pertains to the volume or perceived volume. Three-dimensional artwork has depth as well as width and height. [2] Three-dimensional
form is the basis of sculpture.[2] However, two-dimensional artwork can achieve the illusion of form with the use of perspective and/or shading
techniques.[3][4]
Value
Value refers to the use of lightness and darkness in a piece of artwork.[5]
Line
Lines and curves are marks that span a distance between two points (or the path of a moving point). As an art element, line pertains to the use
of various marks, outlines and implied lines in artwork and design. A line has a width, direction, and length. [2] A line's width is sometimes called
its "thickness". Lines are sometimes called "strokes", especially when referring to lines in digital artwork.
Color
Color is the element of art that is produced when light, striking an object, is reflected back to the eye. [2] There are three properties to color. The
first is hue, which simply means the name we give to a color (red, yellow, blue, green, etc.). The second property is intensity, which refers to
the vividness of the color. For example, we may describe an intense blue color as "bright, rich, and vibrant". [6] We may conversely describe a
low-intensity blue color as "dull, subtle and grayed". A color's intensity is sometimes referred to as its " colorfulness", its "saturation", its "purity"
or its "strength". A color's perceived intensity is related to its perceived brightness (brighter colors are more intense). The third and final property
of color is its value, meaning how light or dark it is. The terms shade and tint are in reference to value changes in colors. In painting, shades
are created by adding black to a color, while tints are created by adding white to a color.[3]
Space
Space is an area that an artist provides for a particular purpose. [2] Space includes the background, foreground and middle ground, and refers to
the distances or area(s) around, between and within things. There are two kinds of space: negative space and positive space.[1]
Texture
Texture, another element of art, is used to describe either the way a three-dimensional work actually feels when touched, or the visual "feel" of
a two-dimensional work.
Elements of Music
Pitch register (high or low); Organization of pitches with a pattern of intervals between them creates scales; Words
we might use to describe scales: major/minor, chromatic, gapped, pentatonic.
Rhythm the time element of music. A specific rhythm is a specific pattern in time; we usually hear these in relation to a
steady pulse, and mentally organize this pulse or tempo into meter (sometimes called a "time signature").
Meter organizes beats into groups, usually of two or three; beats can be divided into small units usually 2, 3 or
4 subdivisions
Melody, or musical line, is a combination of pitch and rhythm (some say "duration"). Sometimes a melody is considered
to be the theme of a composition. We might characterize melody by its contour (rising or falling) and the size
of the intervals in it. A melody that uses mostly small intervals (or scale steps) and is smooth is said to be a
conjunct melody. Not surprisingly, a melody that uses large intervals is called a disjunct melody. A motif
(or motive) is either a very short melody or a distinctive part of a longer melody. I might describe the opening
four notes of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony as a "motific cell."
Timbre sound quality or tone color; timbre is the characteristic that allows us to distinguish between one instrument
and another, and the difference between vowel sounds (for example, long "a" or "ee"). Terms we might use to
describe timbre: bright, dark, brassy, reedy, harsh, noisy, thin, buzzy, pure, raspy, shrill, mellow, strained. I
prefer to avoid describing timbre in emotional terms (excited, angry, happy, sad, etc.); that is not the sound
quality, it is its effect or interpretation. Rather than describe the timbre of an instrument in other terms, it is
often more clear just to describe the timbre by naming the instrument, once we have learned the names and
sounds of a few instruments.
Dynamics loud or soft. A composition that has extremely soft passages as well as extremely loud passages is said to
have a large or wide dynamic range. Dynamics can change suddenly or gradually (crescendo, getting
louder, or decrescendo, getting softer.)
Texture monophonic (one voice or line),
polyphonic (many voices, usually similar, as in Renaissance or Baroque counterpoint),
homophonic (1. a melody with simple accompaniment; 2. chords moving in the same rhythm
(homorhythmic))
heterophony mixed or multiple similar versions of a melody performed simultaneously (rare in European
music; possibly used in Ancient Greece)
collage juxtaposition & superimposition of extremely different textures or sounds