Lab 3: Dynamical Modeling and Simulation of 4-Bus Power System

using PSSE

Aim:
The main objective of this activity is to be familiarized with dynamical modeling of small
power systems using PSSE program. This will help the students to do the analysis for largescale power system in Lab 2.

Network Data:
Consider the following power network:

Consider bus-1 as infinite bus, bus-2 as generator bus, bus-3 & bus-4 as load bus. Consider
base MVA as 100 MVA, base frequency as 50 Hz, and based voltage as 11 kV.

Data for Static Modeling

Generator data:

MW and

pu

Load data:

MW and

Infinite bus data:

MVAr;

MW and

MVAr

pu and

Transformer data:

pu and

Transmission line data:

pu

pu and

pu

Fixed shunt: 250 MVAr

Data for Dynamic Modeling

For Dynamic Modeling:

Excitation System Data:

Governor Data:

s,
,

s,

s,
s,

,
,

s
,

s,

Dynamical Modeling:
Please use the following steps:
Step 1: Creating a dynamic file with .dyr extension
In this step, first create a .txt file follows:

Rename the file as follows:

Here you can use any name but the extension will be .dyr. Now the following window will
appear:

This will create the following .dyr file:

If you are unable to open the file, try to open with notepad.
Step 2: Familiarizing with dynamical model in PSSE:

In this step, it is essential to use the dynamical data of the generation systems. The generation
system includes generator dynamics, excitation system dynamics, and turbine-governor
dynamics.
Please keep in mind that the generator with infinite bus does not include any excitation and
turbine-governor system.
Now lets familiarize with the different generator models in PSSE. If you GO to

Start Menu>All Programs>Siemens PTI> PSSE University 33>PSSE Documentation>

Documentation
The following window will appear:

Then click on the Model Library as highlighted above and you will see the following pdf
window:

From the left side of the above window, you can see different data sheet for different
components.

If you will click on Chapter 1, you will see the following window:

This window shows different types of generators. The highlighted generators are the most
commonly used synchronous generators in power systems.

Please keep in mind that for infinite bus we always use classical generators GENCLS.

The other generators are normally chosen as suggested by the system operators or based on
the available data which mostly fit with the model data. We mostly use either GENTRA or
GENROU. For the considered example we will use GENTRA and for lab2
GENROU.

If you will click on Chapter 6, you will see the following window:

This window shows different types of excitation systems. The highlighted excitation systems
are the most commonly used with synchronous generators in power systems.

Please keep in mind that for infinite bus, we normally dont consider any excitation system.
The exciters are also chosen as suggested by the system operators or based on the available
data which mostly fit with the model data. We mostly use either ESAC4A or ESST1a.
For the considered example we will use ESAC4A.

If you will click on Chapter 7, you will see the following window:

This window shows different types of turbine-governor systems. The highlighted turbinegovernor systems are the most commonly used with synchronous generators in power
systems.

Please keep in mind that for infinite bus, we normally dont consider any turbine-governor
system.
The turbine-governor are chosen as suggested by the system operators or based on the
available data which mostly fit with the model data. We mostly use either TGOV1 and for
the considered example and Lab 2, we will use TGOV1.

If it is advised to use power system stabilizer, then you need to click on Chapter 3. We
normally use STAB1.

Step 3: Putting data into .dyr file and building dynamical model:
Here, we need the put the following information into .dyr file:
1. Infinite bus data (as GENCLS)
2. Generator data:
a) Generators data (as GENTRA)
b) Exciter data (as ESAC4A)
c) Turbine-governor data (as TGOV1)
Putting GENCLS into .dyr file:
Open the following file and click on GENCLS as highlighted

After clicking GENCLS, you will see the following window:

You have to put the data in the sequence as highlighted in light RED.
Here:
IBUS= The bus number at which the infinite bus or classical generator is connected which is
1 for the example
GENCLS= Represents the type of generator which will remain unchanged
ID= This is the bus ID which can be found from the network data when we did load flow last
week. This is 1 for this example which can be seen as follows from Machine tab.

CON (J) and CON(J+1)= Represents the values of H & D respectively which is obvious
from the table above as highlighted in orange color. These values are normally zero for
infinite bus system.

Therefore, the dynamic data for infinite bus can be put into the .dyr file as follows:
1, GENCLS, 1, 0 0/

Putting GENTRA into .dyr file:

Open the following file and click on GENTRA as highlighted

After clicking GENTRA, you will see the following window:

You have to put the data in the sequence as highlighted in light RED.
Here:
IBUS= The bus number at which the generator is connected which is 2 for the example
GENTRA= Represents the type of generator which will remain unchanged
ID= This is the bus ID which can be found from the network data when we did load flow last
week. This is 1 for this example which can be seen as follows from Machine tab.

CON (J) to CON(J+8)= Represents the values of generator parameters which is obvious
from the table above as highlighted in orange color. These values need to put in a sequence as
shown in the highlighted table.
Therefore, the dynamic data of the generator used in this example can be put into the .dyr
file as follows:
2, GENTRA, 1, 8 3.5 4 2.1 2.1 0.4 0 0 0/
The RED values are not provided in the example and they are assumed as zero. In this case,
the .dyr file will be updated as follows:

Putting ESAC4A into .dyr file:

Open the following file and click on ESAC4A as highlighted

After clicking ESAC4A, you will see the following window:

You have to put the data in the sequence as highlighted in light RED.
Here:
IBUS= The bus number at which exciter is connected which is 2 for the example
ESAC4A= Represents the type of exciter which will remain unchanged

ID= This is the bus ID which can be found from the network data when we did load flow last
week. This is 1 for this example which can be seen as follows from Machine tab.

CON (J) to CON(J+9)= Represents the values of excited parameters which is obvious from
the table above as highlighted in orange color. These values need to put in a sequence as
shown in the highlighted table.
Therefore, the dynamic data of the generator used in this example can be put into the .dyr
file as follows:
2, ESAC4A, 1, 0.03 5 -5 0 0 200 0 5 -5 0/

The RED values are not provided in the example and some of they are assumed as reasonable
values and others as zero. In this case, the .dyr file will be updated as follows:

 Putting TGOV1 into .dyr file:

Open the following file and click on TGOV1 as highlighted

After clicking TGOV1, you will see the following window:

You have to put the data in the sequence as highlighted in light RED.
Here:
IBUS= The bus number at which turbine-governor is connected which is 2 for the example
ESAC4A= Represents the type of turbine-governor which will remain unchanged
ID= This is the bus ID which can be found from the network data when we did load flow last
week. This is 1 for this example which can be seen as follows from Machine tab.

CON (J) to CON(J+6)= Represents the values of turbine-governor parameters which is

obvious from the table above as highlighted in orange color. These values need to put in a
sequence as shown in the highlighted table.
Therefore, the dynamic data of the generator used in this example can be put into the .dyr
file as follows:
2, TGOV1, 1, 0.05 0.5 50 -50 0.24 0.8 0/

The RED values are not provided in the example and they are assumed as zero. In this case,
the .dyr file will be updated as follows:

Finally save the file in the same directory where you build the static model.
If additional dynamical elements such stabilizers are required to model, you have to add that
into the same .dyr file.

Now the dynamical model of the system is done.

Dynamic Simulation and Fault Analysis:

1. Build the static model of the system using the data as provided in this sheet.
2. Conduct load flow using any method on the static model as you did in lab 0. Go to Power
Flow -> Solution->Solve or CTRL+Shift+S or use the icon, and use the default values
to solve the case. Check in the Output Bar that the solution has converged.
3. Now convert the load and generator to Norton equivalents, go Power Flow->Convert
Loads and Generators as follows:

4. Now click Convert Generators and Convert Loads boxes. Finally click on Convert as
shown below:

5. Go to Power Flow > Solution> Order network for matrix operation (ORDR) as
follows:

Then the following window will appear

Select as shown in the above figure and click on OK.

6. Go to Power Flow > Solution> Factorize admittance matrix (FACT) as follows:

7. Go to Power Flow > Solution> Solution for switching studies (TYSL) as follows

The following window will appear

Select as shown in the above figure and click on OK.

8. Now open the Apel.dyr file where you will see the following window:

Here before clicking OK you need put three compiler files: CC1, CT1, and Compile. These
files can be downloaded from the blackboard.

You have to save these compiler files in the same directory where you have saved the .sav,
and .dyr files.
For CONEC, the compiler is CC1.flx
For CONET, the compiler is CT1.flx
For Compile, the compiler is Compile.bat

9. After putting all compiler files, press OK. Now you will see the following window.

If you dont see GENCLS, GENTRA, ESAC4A, TGOV1 or whatever you put in
the dyr file, your dynamical modeling is WRONG.

At this stage, the system is ready for dynamical simulation. However, before doing the
simulation, you need to select the simulation channel through which you can look at the
response of the system. To do this, follow the instruction as shown below:

10. Select the simulation channel as

You can select any quantity from here. In this example, we will look into the bus voltage,
rotor angle, and speed deviation of synchronous generator at bus 2.

11. To select bus voltage if you click on Bus quantity, you will see the following window:

12. When you will click Select as highlighted above, the following window will appear

Select bus-2 as shown above and press OK.

13. Now select voltage from the dropdown menu as highlighted below and click on GO.

If you want to look at other responses as available there, you can select them and finally
close the window. At this point you have selected the voltage response of bus-2.

14. Now in order to select the other quantities such as rotor angle speed deviation, you have
to go to step 10 and select Machine quantities. At this point, you will see the
following window:

15. Select bus -2 as shown in the following window and click on OK.

16. Now select the Angle from the dropdown menu as shown below and click on GO.

17. Now select the Speed from the dropdown menu as shown below and click on GO.

If you want to look at other responses as available there, you can select them and finally close
the window. At this point you have selected the rotor angle and speed deviation response of
synchronous generator at bus-2.

18. Now go to the Dynamics->Perform Simulation->Perform Simulation(start/run)

19. At this point the following window will appear:

Change the highlighted part as mention in the following step.

20. In the Channel output file box as highlighted above type GOP1 or any other name. In
Run to type 0 as shown below:

21. Now, press the Initialize button. In the output bar you will see the following
information:

If you see the message Initial condition check O.K as highlighted above, you may consider
that your system is good enough to run. Otherwise, there is something WRONG.

Please do not close the Perform Dynamic Simulation window.

22. Now In Run to type 1 or anytime up to which you want to run the system without any
fault and the click on Run as shown below:

Now the aim is to conduct fault analysis.

23. Now if you click on Disturbance, you will see the following window

From the above window you can select the type of faults that you want to apply. In this
example, a bus fault will be applied at bus-2. So please click on Bus fault.

24. After clicking on Bus fault, you will see the following window:

25. Now if you click on Select, the following window will appear

Select bus-2 as shown above and press OK.

26. Finally press OK on the following window:

27. Now go to Perform Dynamic Simulation window and change Run to as the
duration of the fault. In this example, a three-cycle fault is applied for which the duration
will be 0.06 s. Therefore, in Perform Dynamic Simulation window Run to will be
changed as1.06 as shown below:

Finally hit Run.

Now it is essential to clear the fault which is mentioned in the following step.

28. Now go to Disturbance, and click on Clear fault as shown below:

29. At this stage, you will see the following window:

30. Now click on Go which will clear the fault. Now go to Perform Dynamic
Simulation window and change Run to as long as you want to run the system. In this
example, the system is operated till 5 s. Therefore, in Perform Dynamic Simulation
window Run to will be changed as 5 as shown below:

31. Now hit Run and click on Close to close the window. So you have completed the
dynamic simulation. Now you need to look at the response which is discussed in the
following steps.

32. Open the GOP1.out file by CTRL+O and File type .out and select GOP1.out as
shown below:

33. Click on Plot Data tab. In the tree view on the LHS of the window, expand Channel
Files->GOP1 folder and drag one of the channels on the open plot window. For terminal
voltage:

34. You can create new plots or delete plots from the Edit menu items and drop different
channels and view these plots.

For rotor angle:

For Speed deviation:

In the lab, you have to do the same for IEEE 30-bus system.