ASSIGNMENT 2

QUESTION 1
Large building need to be demolished by machinery components because of few
factors. The factors are:

To reduce the time needed to demolish a building

To save cost
Only skilled person will do demolishing works
Can reduced labor cost

QUESTION 2
MANUAL DEMOLITION
Demolition process start from
the top of a building until the

EXPLOSION DEMOLITION
Before demolishing, structure
of the bulding need to studied

ground
Use hand-held tools such as

to develop a blasting design

Use dynamite

jack hammer
Demolition work assessed by

Demolition work assessed only

competent person
Suitable only for small

by expert
Suitable for multi-storeyed

buildings
Take long period to complete

buildings
Take only few seconds to

demolition of a building

QUESTION 3

demolish a building

1. Compressor
The purpose of the compressor is to draw the low-temperature, lowpressure vapour form the evaporator via the suction line. Once drawn, the
vapour is compressed. When vapour is compressed, it rises in
temperature. Therefore, the compressor transform the vapour from a lowtemperature vapour to a high-temperature vapour, in turn increasing the
pressure. The vapour is then released from the compressor in to the
discharge line.

2. The evaporator

The purpose of the evaporator is to removed unwanted heat from

the product, via the liquid refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant contained
within the evaporator is boiling at a low pressure. The level of this
pressure is determined by two factors:- The rate in which heat is absorbed from the product to the liquid
refrigerant in the evaporator.
- The rate in which the low-pressure vapour is removed from the
evaporator by the compressor
To enable the transfer of heat, the temperature of the liquid
refrigerant must be lower than the temperature of the product being
cooled. One transfered, the liquid refrigerant is drawn from the evaporator
by the compressor via the suction line. When leaving the evaporator coil
the liquid refrigerant is in vapour form.

3. Condenser
The purpose of condenser is to extract heat from the refrigerant to
the outside air. Usually installed on the reinforced roof of the building,
which enables the transfer of heat. Fans mounted on the condensor units
are used to draw air through the condensor coils. The temperature of the
high-pressure vapour determines the temperature at which the
condensation begins. As heat has to flow from the condenser to the air, the
condensation temperature must be higher than that of the air, usually
between 12c to -1c. The high-pressure vapour within the condenser is
then cooled to the point where it becomes a liquid refrigerant once more,
whilst retaining some heat. The liquid refrigerant then flows from the
condenser in to the liquid line.

4. Expansion Valve
Located at the end of liquid line, before the evaporator. The highpressure liquid reaches the expansion valve, having come from the
condenser. The valve then reduce the pressure of the refrigerant as it
passes through the office, which is located inside the valve. On reducing
the pressure, the temperature of the refrigerant also decreases to a level
below the surrounding air. This low-pressure, low temperature liquid is
then pumped in to the evaporator.

QUESTION 4

Factor that affect escalator design :

(i)

Physical requirement
The vertical and horizontal distanced to be spanned must be considered.
These factors will determine the length and pitch of the escalator. The
building infrastructure must be able to support the heavy components.

(ii)

Location
The escalator should be located where it can be easily seen by the general
public. In department stores, customers should be able to view the
merchandise easily. In addition, up and down escalotor trafficshould be
physically seperated and should not lead onto confines spaces.

(iii)

Traffic pattern
The traffic pattern should be also be anticipated. In some buildings, the
objective is simply to move people from one floor to another, but in others
there may be a more specific requirement, such as funneling visitors
towards a main exit or exhibit. The escalator, must be design to carry
therequired number of passengers.

(iv)

Safety consideration
Escalators are required to have moving handrails that keep pace with the
movement og the steps. This helps riders steady themselves, especially
when stepping onto the moving stairs. Occasionally, a handrail will move
at slightly different speed from the step, causing it to creep slowly
forward or backward relative to the steps. The lose of the synchronization
between handrail and step speed can result from slippage and wear.

(v)

Aesthetic preferences
The architects and designers can choose from a wide range of styles and
colors for the handrails and tinted side panels.