Motivation

The willingness to do work

OR
The process which begins with a physiological need that triggers a drive that aims at achieving
goals.
Process of Motivation
Unsatisfied need => Tension => Drives => Search Behavior => Satisfied needs => => New
unsatisfied need
The entire topic can be summarized into the following key points:
There are three different types of motives: primary motives, secondary motives and general
motives.
Primary motives are physiologically based and need not to be learned. Secondary motives
are not physiologically based and must be learned. General motives are physiologically
based but must not be learned. General motives are kind of in the middle of primary and
secondary motives.
Every person has a different personality and prefers different things for himself. By
understanding his nature, behavior and preferences, you can use the perfect motive on him.

Maslow's theory is based on the Hierarchy of Human Needs. According to Maslow, human
behavior is related to his needs. It is adjusted as per the nature of needs to be satisfied. In
hierarchy of needs theory, Maslow identified five types / sets of human need arranged in a
hierarchy of their importance and priority :
1. Physiological Needs
2. Security / Safety Needs
3. Social Needs
4. Esteem Needs
5. Self-actualization Needs
Management
The process of creating such an environment where people work together to achieve
common goal.

Manager
A person who creates such an environment where people work together to achieve
common goal.

Managerial skills
Managerial skills are necessary for a manager to perform their job successfully. There
are three different types of managerial skills, which include technical skills, human
skills, and conceptual skills.
Technical skills are the specific skill set used to perform a particular job, such as
writing a computer program, developing a budget, or analyzing sales trends. These
skills are most important for low-level managers because of how closely they work with
employees performing the actual job functions.
Human skills include the ability for managers to work with, motivate, encourage,
empathize, and communicate with their employees. These skills are important for all
levels of management especially for middle level management.

Conceptual skills are the manager's ability to think analytically about the organization
and how to most effectively accomplish its goals. These skills become increasingly
more important the higher the management level.

The Four Functions Of Managers

Management involves far more than just telling others what to do. Before any of you
decide that you think you can do your boss's job, let's take a look into more of what a
manager does.
The major functions that a manager completes can be categorized into four different
functions known as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. For some of us,
we only see the final two - leading and controlling - but you should know that for every
managerial behavior you do see, there is an equal amount that you do not. Behind the
manager's closed door, he or she spends a good deal of his or her time planning and
organizing so that he or she can effectively carry out the functions of leading and
controlling.
Managers spend a good deal of time planning, leading, controlling and organizing.

These four functions must be performed properly and, when done well, become the
reason for organizational success.
Planning
The first of the managerial functions is planning. In this step the manager will create a
detailed action plan aimed at some organizational goal.
Organizing
The second of the managerial functions is organizing. This step requires Melissa
to determine how she will distribute resources and organize her employees according to
the plan. Melissa will need to identify different roles and ensure that she assigns the
right amount of employees to carry out her plan. She will also need to delegate
authority, assign work, and provide direction so that her team of sales representatives
can work towards higher sales numbers without having barriers in their way.
Leading
The third function of management is leading. In this step, Melissa spends
time connecting with her employees on an interpersonal level. This goes beyond simply
managing tasks; rather, it involves communicating, motivating, inspiring, and
encouraging employees towards a higher level of productivity. Not all managers are
leaders. An employee will follow the directions of a manager because they have to, but
an employee will voluntarily follow the directions of a leader because they believe in
who he or she is as a person, what he or she stands for, and for the manner in which
they are inspired by the leader.
Controlling
Controlling is the final function of management. Once a plan has been carried out the
manager evaluates the results against the goals. If a goal is not being met, the manager
must also take any necessary corrective actions to continue to work towards that goal.
Effectiveness Efficiency & productivity
Efficiency is determined by the amount of time, money, and energy i.e. resources that
are necessary to obtain certain results. In order to meet our daily production quota, we
commit a specific machine that uses up energy, make operators and maintenance
personnel available, and provide raw materials. For example, if we are able to meet our
daily production with less energy and fewer operators, we have operated more efficiently.
Effectiveness is determined by comparing what a process or installation can produce
with what they actually produce; therefore, effectiveness does not tell anything about the
efficiency the amount of resources that have to be committed to obtain that output. If

we are successful in manufacturing more good product in the same time period,
effectiveness will increase. A valuable discussion could be whether good product should
be seen as Good product with customer demand to prevent over-production.
Productivity is determined by looking at the production obtained (effectiveness) versus
the invested effort in order to achieve the result (efficiency); in other words, if we can
achieve more with less effort, productivity increases.