CURSO DE INGLS ONLINE

NIVEL B1

MDULO 1

I am not young enough to know everything.

Oscar Wilde

1.

The future

2.

The simple past

3.

Adjectives with -ing

4.

Comparatives &superlatives

5.

Use of Enough

1. FUTURO
1.1 Futuro con will.
Usamos el auxiliar will (futuro simple) en los siguientes casos:
Expresar predicciones de futuro basadas en hechos o ideas.
It will be sunny tomorrow. (Maana har sol).
Tomar una decisin en el momento en que se habla.
Ill have another beer, please. (Tomar otra cerveza, por favor).
Hacer una peticin de forma educada.
Will you do it for me, please? (Lo hars por m, por favor?)
Ofrecerse a hacer algo.
Ill help you with these heavy bags. (Te ayudar con esas bolsas que pesan).
Hacer promesas.
Ill always love you. (Siempre te querr).
La forma del futuro simple es la siguiente:
Afirmativa: Sujeto + will + verbo en infinitivo (sin to).
His parents will come next week.
(Sus padres vendrn la semana que viene).
Negativa: Sujeto + will not (wont) + verbo en infinitivo (sin to).
His parents will not come next week.
(Sus padres no vendrn la semana que viene).
Interrogativa: Will + sujeto + verbo en infinitivo (sin to).
Will his parents come next week?
(Vendrn sus padres la semana que viene?).
1.2 Futuro con presente continuo.
Usamos el presente continuo con sentido futuro cuando hablamos de planes futuros
que han sido confirmado, como citas o compromisos.
Im playing paddle with Oscar tomorrow morning at 10.
(He quedado para jugar al paddle con Oscar maana por la maana a las 10).

 Para formar este tipo de futuro utilizamos la misma estructura del presente
continuo; ser la informacin de la frase la que determinar el sentido de presente o
de futuro.
1.3 Futuro con going to.
Usamos el futuro con going to en los siguientes casos:
Para expresar intenciones.
Im going to give up smoking very soon. (Voy a dejar de fumar muy pronto).
Para hablar de planes para el futuro
Theyre going to open a new restaurant. (Van a abrir un restaurante nuevo).
Para hacer predicciones de futuro a partir de hechos evidentes en el presente o
predicciones expresadas con mucha seguridad (como si se estuviera viendo).
Its very hot! Were going to sweat a lot today.
(Hace mucho calor! Hoy vamos a sudar un montn).
La forma de este tipo de futuro es la siguiente:
Afirmativa: Sujeto + to be (conjugado) + going to + verbo en infinitivo (sin to).
We are going to meet next Sunday morning at Leonors.
(Vamos a quedar el domingo que viene por la maana en casa de Leonor).
Negativa: Sujeto + to be (conjugado) + not + going to + verbo en infinitivo (sin to).
We are not going to meet next Sunday morning at Leonors.
(No vamos a quedar el domingo que viene por la maana en casa de Leonor).
Interrogativa: To be (conjugado) + sujeto + going to + verbo en infinitivo (sin to).
Are we going to meet next Sunday morning at Leonors?
(Vamos a quedar el domingo que viene por la maana en casa de Leonor?).

1.4 Futuro con presente simple.

Usamos el presente simple con sentido de futuro para hablar de acciones que
ocurrirn en relacin con horarios fijos.
My English course finishes in June.
(Mi curso de ingles acabar en junio).
Ill be back tomorrow morning; my plane leaves at 6am.
(Volver maana por la maana; mi avin sale a las 6.00h).
Para formar este tipo de futuro utilizamos la misma estructura del presente
simple; ser la informacin de la frase la que determinar el sentido de presente o de
futuro.
1.5 Futuro continuo.
Usamos el futuro continuo principalmente para hablar de acciones que estarn en
proceso en un momento particular del futuro.
La forma de este tipo de futuro es la siguiente:
Afirmativa: Sujeto + will + be + verbo en gerundio (-ing).
At this time next week well be visiting La Alhambra.
(La semana que viene a esta hora estaremos visitando La Alhambra).

Negativa: Sujeto + will not (wont) + be + verbo en gerundio (-ing).

At this time next week we wont be visiting La Alhambra.
(La semana que viene a esta hora no estaremos visitando La Alhambra).
Interrogativa: Will + sujeto + be + verbo en gerundio (-ing).
Will we be visiting La Alhambra at this time next week?
(Estaremos visitando La Alhambra la semana que viene a esta hora?).

Ejercicio1. Complete the sentences using one of these types of future:

[Future simple] [Future with going to] [Future with present simple] [Future
continuous]
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The train [leaves/ is leaving] at 2.20pm.

We [are going to have/have] lunch at a very posh restaurant on Sunday.
It seems that it [will, do] rain in the valley.
They [are flying/ will fly] to Liverpool on Thursday afternoon.
Wait! I [will/ am driving] drive you to the city centre tomorrow.

6. Tomorrow the lesson [starts/ is starting] at 9am, so I cant go with you.

7. She [is going to visit/ visits] her brother in August. (to visit)
8. Its very hot today, I [will open/ am opening] the window. (to open)
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2. PASADO SIMPLE
El pasado simple se usa en los siguientes casos:
Para hablar de acciones acabadas en un periodo de tiempo en el pasado.
I saw him yesterday. (Le vi ayer.)
Para narrar o describir hechos en el pasado.
They lived in the country; their house was very old.
(Vivan en el campo; su casa era muy vieja.)

Little Red Riding Hood

Once upon a time, there was a girl who lived in the forest
with her mother. Everybody called her Little Red Riding
Hood, because she always put on a red cape that her
grandma had given her as a present.
One morning, a messenger arrived bringing a letter with
the news that the grandma did not feel very well.
Red Riding Hood said - a good vegetable soup would do
her a lot of good -.
- What good idea! - the girl's mother said, and she
immediately began to prepare a basket for Red Riding
Hood take to the grandma.
When the basket was ready, the girl put on her red cape
and said good-bye to her mother []

 Oraciones Afirmativas:
Para formar la oracin afirmativa en pasado, debemos tener en cuenta el verbo, que
puede ser Regular o Irregular:
Verbos Regulares: se forman aadiendo la terminacin ed al verbo. Si el verbo
termina en e aadimos solo la d.
I want > I wanted (Yo quiero > Yo quera).
She wants > She wanted (Ella quiere > Ella quera).
I love Paul > I loved Paul (Quiero a Paul > Quera a Paul).
o Pero existen otros casos:

Los verbos monosilbicos acabados en una sola consonante precedida

por una sola vocal duplican la consonante final delante de -ed.
rob robbed
stop stopped
sin sinned
hug hugged

Los verbos de dos o ms slabas que acaban en una sola consonante

precedida por una sola vocal, duplican la consonante final si el acento
recae en la ltima slaba.
admit admitted
prefer - preferred

Los verbos acabados en consonante + y cambian la y por i y aaden ed, pero no los acabados en vocal.
occupy occupied
carry carried
study studied
play played
enjoy - enjoyed

Muchos verbos acabados en l o p duplican la consonante final

delante de ed aunque no cumplan la regla del acento.
travel travelled
worship - worshipped

Verbos Irregulares: a continuacin mostramos la tabla.

Infinitive

Simple Past

Past Participle

Spanish

be

was / were

been

ser

become

became

become

convertirse

begin

began

begun

comenzar

bring

brought

brought

traer

buy

bought

bought

comprar

come

came

come

venir

do

did

done

hacer

dream

dreamt/dreamed

dreamt/dreamed

soar

drink

drank

drunk

beber

drive

drove

driven

conducir

eat

ate

eaten

comer

feel

felt

felt

sentir

find

found

found

encontrar

forget

forgot

forgotten

olvidar

get

got

got

tener, obtener

give

gave

given

dar

go

went

gone

ir

have

had

had

tener

keep

kept

kept

guardar

know

knew

known

saber

learn

learnt/learned

learnt/learned

aprender

make

made

made

hacer

meet

met

met

conocer, encontrar

pay

paid

paid

pagar

put

put

put

poner

read

read

read

leer

say

said

said

decir

see

saw

seen

ver

sell

sold

sold

vender

send

sent

sent

enviar

sleep

slept

slept

dormir

speak

spoke

spoken

hablar

spend

spent

spent

gastar

take

took

taken

tomar

tell

told

told

decir

think

thought

thought

pensar

write

wrote

written

escribir

 El verbo to be tiene dos formas: was y were

I was

Yo era / estaba

You were

T eras / estabas

He was

l era / estaba

She was

Ella era / estaba

It was
We were

Eso era / estaba

Nosotros ramos/
estbamos

You were

Vosotros erais / estabais

They were

Ellos eran / estaban

Oraciones Negativas:
Para negar, no importa si el verbo es regular o irregular. Usamos la forma pasada de
do not (did not/ didnt) seguido del verbo en infinitivo.

I did not read / I didnt read

Yo no le/ lea

You did not read / You didnt read

T no leste/ leas

He did not read / He didnt read

l no ley/ lea

She did not read / She didnt read

Ella no ley/ lea

It did not read / It didnt read

We did not read / We didnt read

Eso no ley/ lea

Nosotros no lemos/
leamos

You did not read / You didnt read

Vosotros no lesteis/ leais

They did not read / They didnt read

Ellos no leyeron/ lean

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 Para negar el verbo to be, no necesitamos did not/ didnt. Negamos directamente con
el to be (was not/ wasnt were not/ werent).

I was not

I wasnt

Yo no era / estaba

You were not

You werent

T no eras / estabas

He was not

He wasnt

l no era / estaba

She was not

She wasnt

Ella no era / estaba

It was not

It wasnt

We were not

We werent

Eso no era / estaba

Nosotros no ramos/
estbamos

You were not

You werent

Vosotros no erais / estabais

They were not

They werent

Ellos no eran / estaban

Oraciones Interrogativas:
Usamos tambin el auxiliar did o did not (didnt), seguida del sujeto y el verbo en
infinitivo para formular preguntas.

Did I read?

Le/ Lea?

Did you read?

Leiste/ Leas?

Did he read?

(l) ley/ lea?

Did she read?

(Ella) ley/ lea?

Did it read?

(Eso) ley/ lea?

Did we read?

Leimos/ leamos?

Did you read?

Lesteis/ leais?

Did they read?

Leyeron/ lean?

Exercise2. Complete these sentences with the verbs between brackets:

a. My cousin buyed/bought (buy) a really bad book yesterday.
b. Did/does she sleep/slept (sleep) at home tonight?
c. I want/wanted (want) to eat something. I _was/were_ (be) hungry, so I
cook/cooked (cook) pasta.
d. You are not my friend anymore. You didnt tell/ not told (tell) me the truth.

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Exercise3. Write yes or no if the question is correct or no for these answers:

1.
2.

Did you saw them?

No, I didnt see them.>
When did you go th the disco?
Last Thursday night. >

3.

were did she be? >

She was at the train station.

4.

Where did you find it?

We found it lost in the forest.>

5.

Why did she leave the room?

Because she said that the film was very sad. >

3. ADJETIVOS TERMINADOS EN ING

A veces, un verbo terminado en ing, funciona como adjetivo. Algunos de esos
adjetivos son: tiring, interesting, boring, exciting, disappointing, relaxing, confusing
That day was really tiring. (Ese da fue realmente agotador).
That book isnt very interesting. (Ese libro no es muy interesante).
Ten en cuenta que cuando el adjetivo es un participio (acabado en ed) indica una
situacin o estado.
Ejemplo: married-casado (del verbo marry-casarse)
Exercise4. Fill in with the right word:
1. He is so! Dont invite him to your party! Boring/bored
2. She was really because she was going to meet his favourite actor!
Excited/exciting
3. I love going to the beach late in the afternoon, its very.. Relaxed/relaxing
4. I didnt understand the film, it was. Confused/confusing.

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4. COMPARATIVOS Y SUPERLATIVOS
4.1 Comparative adjectives Adjetivos comparativos
Utilizamos la forma comparativa de los adjetivos para describir y comparar
diferentes objetos o personas, necesariamente con dos elementos a comparar como
mnimo.
Tipos de comparaciones: (a) Inferioridad, (b) Igualdad y (c) Superioridad.
Algunos adjetivos tienen una forma de comparacin de superioridad irregular (ver
tabla).
Cmo se hace la forma comparativa de un adjetivo?
(a) Inferioridad: less than (menos que)
Rosi de Palma is less attractive than Elsa Pataki.
(Rosi de Palma es menos atractiva que Elsa Pataki)

(b) Igualdad: as as (tan como)

Rafael Nadal is as good as Roger Federer.
(Rafael Nadal es tan bueno como Roger Federer)
(c) Superioridad: se forma dependiendo de las slabas de un adjetivo. Para hacer
una oracin siempre es necesario poner than (que) detrs del adjetivo.
o

Adjetivos de 1 slaba:
Aadimos er al adjetivo:
cheap cheaper , high higher , rich richer .
(barato ms barato , alto ms alto , rico ms rico).
Cuando estos adjetivos acaban en vocal + consonante, se dobla la
ltima consonante:
hot hotter , fat fatter .
(caliente ms caliente , gordo ms gordo).

Adjetivos de 2 slabas acabados en y:

Cambiamos la y por i y despus se le aade er.
happy happier , funny funnier .
(feliz ms feliz , divertido ms divertido) .

Adjetivos de 2 slabas acabados en y , -er , -ow , -le: aadimos -er

narrow narrower
gentle gentler

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Adjetivos de 2 o ms slabas:
Ponemos more delante del adjetivo:
expensive more expensive , interesting more interesting.
( caro ms caro , interesante ms interesante ).

4.2 Superlative adjectives Adjetivos superlativos

Utilizamos la forma superlativa de los adjetivos para destacar la cualidad de un
objeto o persona sobre el resto; ya no son necesarios mencionar dos elementos como
mnimo como en la comparacin, sino que hablamos de un solo elemento.
La forma superlativa de un adjetivo se forma dependiendo de las slabas que tenga.
Siempre es necesario poner el artculo definido the delante del adjetivo, ya que
hablamos de algo/alguien en concreto.

Adjetivos de 1 slaba:
Aadimos est al adjetivo:
cheap the cheapest , high the highest , rich the richest.
(barato el ms barato , alto el ms alto , rico el ms rico)
Si acaba en y, cambiamos la y por i y despus se le aade est.
happy the happiest , funny the funniest .
(feliz el ms feliz , divertido el ms divertido) .

Adjetivos de 2 o ms slabas:
Ponemos most delante del adjetivo:
expensive the most expensive, interesting the most interesting.
( caro el ms caro , interesante el ms interesante ).

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 Estos son los adjetivos que tienen una forma comparativa y superlativa irregular:

adjetivo

comparacin

superlativo

good

better

the best

bad

worse

the worst

far

further-farther

the furthest / farthest

old

older / eldest

the oldest / eldest

many/much

more

the most

little

less

the least

Exercise5. choose the comparative form of superiority of these adjectives:

Ej. small - smaller
1. good: gooder/better
2. intelligent:
intelligenter/more
intelligent
3. old: older/old

4. bad: worse/ bader

5. large: larger/large

Ejercicio6. Correct or no?

Ej. My flat isnt very big. - I want a bigger flat.
1. My motorbike isnt very fast. Id like a faster
2. My husband isnt very rich. I need a rich
3. His camera isnt very good. He needs one better
4. It isnt very hot today. It was hotter yesterday.
5. Im not very interested in football. Im more interested in tennis.

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Ejercicio7. Complete these sentences with a superlative form:

Ej. Hes a very good footballer. Hes the best footballer in Europe at the moment.
1. Shes a pretty girl. Shes THE PRETTIEST/PRETTIEST girl in my class.
2. There are many exciting cities in North America, but I think New York is THE MOST
EXCITING/EXCITEST.
3. August is a hot month in Spain. Its usually THE HOT/ THE HOTTEST month of the
year.
4. I was so happy when I got married. My wedding day was THE BEST/BETTER day of
my life.
5. Its such an expensive restaurant. I think its THE MOST EXPENSIVE/MORE
restaurant in Madrid.
6. Its a very interesting book. Its one of THE MORE INTERESTING/THE MOST
INTERESTING books Ive ever read.

5. ENOUGH BASTANTE/ SUFICIENTE

El adverbio enough significa bastante o suficiente y lo colocamos de la siguiente
manera:
- Antes de un sustantivo.
We dont have enough bread for tonight.
(No tenemos suficiente pan para esta noche.)
- Despus de un adjetivo, un adverbio o un verbo.
She doesnt have to worry; she is good enough.
(No tiene que preocuparse; es suficientemente buena.)
Do you rest enough? (Descansas lo suficiente?)
Exercise8. Put enough in the right position:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

The kitchen is (YES/NO ) clean (YES/NO ).

The supermarket doesnt have (YES/NO ) milk (YES/NO ) today.
My room isnt (YES/NO ) tidy (YES/NO )
This exercise is (YES/NO ) easily (YES/NO)
Is your car (YES/NO ) big (YES/NO)?
Does he (YES/NO ) eat (YES/NO)?

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