a) Information technology system and implementation of knowledge management

processes in the knowledge-based-organizations of Pakistan?

Knowledge management process means the willingness and readiness of organization to obtain the
benefits of implementation of knowledge into practical. The mixture of human resources with
technology is implicit to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of organizations. The main
purpose of organization is to achieve competitive benefits by utilizing the human resources with
modern technology. Knowledge is also considered as strategic asset of the organizations of today.
Data and information management create new knowledge .This created knowledge is also used for
future purposes. With the help of existing knowledge new knowledge is created to pursue the
competitive edge. With new knowledge the organization becomes more creative and intelligent
(Wong and Aspinwall, 2004).For creation and updating of new knowledge, modern technology and
equipments are required. Primary requirement in knowledge management process is information
technology. IT supportive culture gives guarantee of successful implementation of knowledge
management process. There is a vital role of information technology in knowledge creation,
knowledge retention, and knowledge transfer and knowledge utilization. With the aid of
information technology the knowledge is collected, organized and maintained for future use. It has
been proved by the research that information technology system is effective and plays positive and
productive role for implementation process of knowledge management process. As concern to
Pakistani perspective the organizations involve in basic materials, chemicals, automobiles and
parts, foods and beverages, personal and households goods, media, retails, travels and pleasures,
banking and financial sector, health and cares, oils and gas, telecommunication and utilities are
mostly knowledge based organizations. The empirical data of these organizations depict that in
recent decades IT utilization has enhanced their efficiency and output. These organizations have
implemented IT based knowledge based process.
b) Knowledge process and implementation of knowledge management processes in the
knowledge-based-organizations of Pakistan?
The effective implementation of knowledge management process gives guarantee of the success of
the organizations. Organizations have resources and managers have to decide about combination of
resources which may be more productive. Present is knowledge based economy. A discipline is
created which ensures learning process. In knowledge management process knowledge is created
and developed. With the aid of existing knowledge new knowledge is created for getting
competitive edge. Knowledge enhances the intelligence and creative power of the organization.
Knowledge management development requires huge investment. Due to lot of factors the
knowledge management process may fail. Proper staff training and provision of infrastructure are
needed for the success of knowledge management process development. An environment is needed
where knowledge and experience may be shared. Human behaviors should be managed which may
promote the learning. Knowledge management promotes the efficiency of the organizations. The
main source of competitive edge in 12st century is knowledge and its proper use. In knowledge
management process the knowledge is created, distributed and used for organizational benefits.
Three Infrastructure factors which are information technology, knowledge process and
Organizational culture in implementation of knowledge management process have been analyzed
in this paper. When any organization is meeting all these variables then it is ready for
implementation of knowledge management system. It is necessary for getting competitive
advantages that organization has the ability and capacity to have proper knowledge management
process system. With the aid of training program this ability of the organization may be improved.

It is needed that public and private sector companies have knowledge management process. By this
way it will improve the human and social capital. For future research on the topic some more
variables like may be taken.

c) Organizational culture influences the implementation of knowledge management

processes in the knowledge-based-organizations of Pakistan?

As per Martin (63) for effective knowledge management implementation the

creation of organizational culture which recognizes the importance of
Knowledge management (KM) is prerequisite. Organization has to maintain a
culture and standards by which employees commitment may be achieved.
The role of each individual must be clear. They should also be aware that
which type of benefits they can get with the implementation of KM. The
communities are also invaluable sources for knowledge sharing, discovery,
transfer, consumption, reprocess and conception.
Organizational culture is most important variable which may promote the implementation of
knowledge management process. For achieving sustainable competitive advantages the culture of
knowledge management process should have to be built in the organization. The knowledge
sharing and creation of new knowledge environment in the companies should be created with the
help of organizational culture. For making more creative and intelligent the knowledge creation
and knowledge sharing activities are essential. Knowledge management is a social process. Some
social and financial factors involve in knowledge creation and knowledge management even the
success is not guaranteed. Good working relations and social culture between staff members is
created. When knowledge and experience are successfully connected then environment of
knowledge management is created. Strategy supportive culture is needed for successful
implementation of any strategy. Knowledge management is a strategy which is crafted to improve
the performance of the company. Knowledge sharing is key element for knowledge management
process. Organizational cultural is most important factor for success of knowledge management
process. Organizational cultural defines the behavior and conduct of employees at their work place.
Organizational culture encompasses the attributes of coordination and integration, innovation and
creativity, relational patterns, conflict resolution, values and norms. All these factors constitute the
identification of the organization.