FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
BACCALAUREUS TECHNOLOGIAE
ENGINEERING: CHEMICAL
Subject
Subject code
080507503
Date
November 2007
Time
3 Hours
Examiner
Moderator
Dr PO Osifo
Mr D. Gina
MARKS:
Total marks
145
Full marks
130
REQUIREMENTS:
Calculators
INSTRUCTIONS:
1.
Answer all the questions
2.
Start each question on a new page
The question paper consists of cover page, 4 typed pages, and the formula
sheet of 8 pages
QUESTION 1
1.1.
[30]
1.2.
[15]
Define the meaning of biot number in heat transfer, for a slab the Biot
number is
k
For a slab 2.8 mm thick in size and originally at 78 C is cooled by using
air whose temperature is at 30 C. The density of the solid is 1,200
kg/m3, the thermal conductivity is 0.14 W/m-C, and the specific heat is
1800 J/kg-C. The external heat transfer coefficient is 50 W/m2.C. (b)
How long will it take for the average solid temperature to reach 40 C?
(c) What fraction of the resistance to heat transfer is in external film?
[15]
Question 2
[20]
Kerosene is heated by hot water in a shell and tube heater. The kerosene is
inside the tube, and the water is outside. The flow is countercurrent.
The
Question 3
[25]
resistance of the wall may be neglected. If the available tubes are 3 m long,
many tubes will be needed? Data are as follows:
Alcohol
Boiling point of alcohol:
T = 78.4 C
Heat of vaporization:
A. = 856 J/g
p = 769 kg/m3
/cf = 0.182W/m-C
uf = 0.85 cP
Cp = 2.64 J/g-C
Water:
ki= 0.182 W/m-C
uf = 0.70cP
Question 4
[40]
Crude oil at the rate of 150, 000 kg/h is to be heated from 20 to 57 C by heat
exchange with the bottom product from a distillation column unit. The product
at 129,000kg/h is to be cooled from 146 to 107 C. There is available a tubular
heat exchanger with steel tubes with an inside shell diameter of 590.6 mm
having one pass on the shell side and two passes on the tube side. It has 324
tubes, 19.05 mm OD and 14.83 ID BWG14, 3.7 m long arranged on a 25.4
mm-square pitch and supported by baffles with a 25 percent cut, spaced at
228.6 mm interval.
allowable fouling factor? The average properties of the fluid are given in Table
Q4. For metal k = 45 W/m-C
Table Q4: Fluid properties
Properties
Cp, J/g-C
2.20
1.99
5.2
2.9
867
825
0.119
0.137
M, cP
p, kg/m
K, W/m-C
Question 5
5.1.
[30]
(\-y)L
when the total molar flux is: NA=(NA+NB) D
D ^CT
v dx
5.2.
[15]
measuring the rate of evaporation of a liquid from a vertical glass tube. For
a tube 0.2 cm in diameter filled with n-heptane at 21 C, calculate the
expected rate of decrease of the liquid level when the meniscus is 1 cm
from the top based on the published diffusivity of 0.071 cm2/s. At 21 C the
vapor pressure and density of n-heptane are 0.050 atm and 0.66 g/cm3,
respectively. Mw of n-heptane = 100.2 g-mol/g.
[15]
CORRELLATIONS SHEET
Transient Conduction
Average temperature
, 1 Oc
9
"I
+ 0.131e
-r
T
1
-T
s
Slab Fo atT/s2
25
-3O.5Fn
Cylinder Fo <xtTlr'n
+0.13 le~39JSF-
Sphere
T.-T.
1.0
0.9
f\
\
0.6
n ^
0.4
\\
VV
0.3
\\
\
\
\
\
I
0.1
- n no
0.08
\
\
^
-\
- \
n r\7
0.06
A_
\
\
n C\A
r\ r\n
0.01
\\
\
\
\
V
\
\\
\
\
\
\
\\
1
i
\
3U-t
p-Cp-r
Tf-Tb
2U-t
Tf-Ta
p-Cp-r
In
Spheres, U~h
U-t
Tf-Ta
1.0
0.8
0.6
Vs
\
\
0.4
0.06
0.04
\
Vr
\\\\ s- \
\ \
\
0.02
0.01
0.5
0 1
0.08
Sfi
\\
\ \
\
\
\
Ak k
0.2
p.Cp-S
N.
s1
hr
8; ~
\ 5
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1:2
1.4
at
Figure 2: Change with time of the average temperature of a sphere, with external
resistance
1 .\J
FIGURE
Unsteady-state heating or cooling of
semi-infinite solid.
/
/
0.5
/
/
/
/
/
.0! 0
1.0
2.0
NO.14
Turbulent,
or
>0,14
= 0,023
Turbulent, L/D> 10
200
<
-;
**
0.8
0.6 | ^M-f
0.4
0.3
0.1
1.0
TO
10 2
10 3
10"
10 5
Range of GrxPr
Horizontal cylinder
4-1012
0.52
0,25
10 4 -10 9
0,59
0,25
Horizontal plates/walls
Heated, facing upward or
Cooled, facing downward
105-2xl07
2 x l 0 7 - 1010
0,54
0,14
0,25
0.333
3xl0 5 -10 1 0
0,27
0,25
Gr =
Gr = L ' p 'P'
M
when
Gr-Pr>3000
L
Condensation
h = 0,729
Horizontal tube
Boilin
-il/4
,1/4
24
^ (pL
6=
vPv
0,59 + 0 , 0 6 9 - - ^
where: A'=A-| 1 +
'
0,34-CP-ArV
,1/2
_ 1cb
Ills
ha~Ica
cb~1ca
Figure 6: Correction ofLMTDfor 1-2, 1-4, 1-6 and 1-8 heat exchangers
10
O.T
0.2
0:3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
r
06
Nu = 0,2-Re '
Cross-flow Exchangers
1,25
1,5
2,0
Re = 2000
0,85
0,94
0,95
Re = 8000
0,92
0,90
0,85
Re = 20 000
1,03
1,06
1,05
Re = 40 000
1,02
1,04
1,0
Plate-type Exchangers
11
Sh = 1,62-(Gz'J
Laminar
s. Mwatl
,
Gz =
K
D
=ReSc
DvLp
4
L
Sh = 0,023-ReOM-ScOM
9n
0 346
Sh = 0,0096-Re- -Sc -
0.1
^ ^ Mass transfer
Heat transfer
..I
0.01
0 001
10 2
10 3
10 4
10 5
Re = D p G / ^
jM =
Sh
Re-Sc 1/3
Other:
Sh = 1,28 Re-S Sc0-33
0 5
0 33
Sh = l,\7-Re- * -Sc -
12