ABSTRACT

Upon evaluating the schools existing system, the deficiencies are clearly
identified and must be addressed with specific proposals for improvement. Due to this,
the researchers proposed an innovative adaptation for the enhancement of the Ormoc City
Institute of Technology(OCIT) manual processing on accessing and disseminating
information. This enhancement can hopefully be viewed as a public face for the school
that will enable them to be reachable around the clock and throughout the year, and will
serve as the schools valuable showcase for life.
Our research entitled Development of a Web-based OCIT Information
Management System is well designed, attractive, user-friendly, highly usable, good
content, have enough functionalities and are capable of retaining visitors for long and
make them come back again. The site is created with series of web pages which are well
organized and carefully broken into categories. It has menus and dropdown menus which
contains the resourceful school information such as their vision, mission and goal
statements, history; names list of the board of trustees, administrative staff, faculty and
department heads; courses being offered and TESDA Programs; admission requirements
and procedures and scholarship grants; contacts and calendar of activities. By using this
site, the users can effectively save time, money and effort since they can easily read
important school information as they need. They are also provided with school events or
calendar of activities section to keep them up-to-date with the happenings around the
school.
The website contents particularly the school information is said to be the lifeblood
of the site thats why the back-end of the proposed website is ensured to be free from any
prohibited access. Hence, only the authorized school website administrators are
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exclusively provided with username and password to fully access the sites internal files
for upgrade and maintainance purposes. During site overhauling, the administrator will
inform the viewers for the inconvenient navigation of the site due to their latest
modifications and procedures made.
In addition, if a website is hosted to be secured and reliable, then many
establishment or institution will prefer to venture their online advertisement to the said
school website. So through this, the school website can be an income generating project.
The convenience of a school website helps increase profitability and allows institutions to
break through geographical barriers and become accessible, virtually, from any country in
the world by potential viewers that has internet access.

RATIONALE
The Problem and its Background
Introduction
The history of communication dates back with significant changes in
communication technologies evolving in tandem with shifts in political and economic
systems. Communication can range from very subtle processes of exchange, to full
conversations and mass communication. Human communication was revolutionized with
speech. But because of the imperfection of speech, which nonetheless allowed easier
dissemination of ideas and stimulated inventions, eventually resulted in the creation of
new forms of communications such as cave paintings, petroglyphs, pictograms,
ideograms, writing and alphabet which improved both the range at which people could
communicate and the longevity of the information.
The communication has always been the crucial part of mankinds social life. It
changes in peoples living conditions and all other circumstances such as technological
developments were books, magazines, newspapers, radio, and televisions emerged. The
distinctive features of traditional media have made people to be schemed by a new media,
which is changing the participation habits of the audiences. It is said that change is the
only constant thing in this world, thats why people came to realize the invention of new
technology in response to the growing needs of the citizens.
Today, there are many ways to communicate than there were before since
technology has taken over society. Of all technologies, the computer stands out where it
can perform many tasks because of the large array of hardware and software components
that worked with it. Such a system would be vulnerable only to another product with an

even stronger network effect the website, which could lead economies in unexpected
directions.
Through the Internet, generating a website is an innovative way of expanding an
institution globally. The task associated with a site is to represent a wider range, ecofriendly, time saving and effortless way of disseminating information. Creating a
professional website for an institution is a powerful investment for the future. It helps
provide a fast availability of unlimited information about the institution at peoples
fingertips and at the same time it increases and upgrades ones credibility and standard.
A school website is the virtual place where the members of the school community
meet. Today, almost every school/university has its own website where the school
administrators post important information about the school and its activities. It plays a
vital role in removing the barrier between parents, students and the school itself. It would
be easier to provide them with an entrance and front-end of the schools information
which would definitely spell convenience to all parties involved. If a school has its own
effective website, it will have an instant online brochure. The administrators of the school
would not need to worry about print or TV ads to promote the school. And there would be
no need to print materials and announcements for parents and other members of the
school community. This saves money, time, effort, and paper. Through an effective school
website, parents, alumni, and other visitors could access salient information about the
school from anywhere, anytime, even beyond office hours, as long as there is an internet
connection.
Consequently, presence of a website can offer almost infinite expanding
possibilities to the institution; hence the Ormoc City Institute of Technology (OCIT) is
obviously pressing the need to reactivate their website. In response to that necessity, it is
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the aim of this project to develop a web-based information management system for OCIT
as a dynamic forum for promoting an innovative school profile for OCIT, located in
Corner F. Ablen St. and Lilia Avenue, Cogon, Ormoc City.

Statement of the Problem

The main objective of this study is to develop a website for Ormoc City Institute
of Technology to eliminate or minimize the problem in disseminating the schools
information locally and globally.
In order to guide the researchers properly in this system, the following questions
must be addressed:
1. What are the existing problems of OCITs information dissemination system?
2. What proposal could be made in order to eliminate or minimize the problem?
3. What are the requirements in implementing the proposed OCIT website?

Statement of the Objective

General Objective
To develop a school website that is well-designed, educational and professionallooking, user-friendly, quality content, good functionality and periodically updated. This
assures a great capability of retaining and patronizing the viewers overall interest,
confidence and trust to the school, as their perfect venue for education.

Specific Objectives
a.) To gather data about the current system being used in disseminating school
information via interview and observation.
b.) To investigate the existing problem and enrich a prototype of the proposed system
containing key requirements and functionalities through the use of the Data Flow
Diagram, My SQL, PHP, XAMPP and HTML;
c.) To execute the quality of the proposed system by identifying different errors,
assuming performance of the system;
d.) To respond to the schools essential needs in todays electronic world;
e.) To provide a chronicle for worldwide exposure of the schools profile by creating
effective links of school information through the proposed system;
f.) To upgrade the schools profile and standard into a new market globally with 24/7
accessibility;
g.) To provide an online filing cabinet for the school information such as vision,
mission, goal and history; names of the board of trustees, administrative staff,
faculty and department heads; list of academic offerings, admission requirements
and procedures, and calendar of activities;
h.) To have a great recruiting tool and inexpensive form of advertisement by
minimizing the printing and distribution cost;
i.) To provide a dynamic, modern and updateable school information resource with
unlimited volume of contents that can be presented to the viewers;
j.) To help raise more fund for the school by accepting online personal and business
advertisements;

Significance of the Study

This study is one of the key to uplift the schools strategy in disseminating and
accessing information within the campus and beyond. The proposed website will serve as
an effective alternative for the school to change their costly traditional marketing media
and to take advantage on the massive reach of the internet.
The School. In todays fast-paced market, the Ormoc City Institute of Technology
is the main beneficiary of the study, since website will increase productivity and
profitability. This can help reduce the cost of advertising and paper prints and at the same
time produces an income by accepting online personal/business advertisements. This will
also provide the school, with professional touch and enables them to showcase their
consistency to the people.
The Researchers. The researchers receive the benefits since they are now on their
way of applying and actualizing their different fields of expertise in doing the research.
They hopefully aim to look forward for the realization of the system, and it is also a great
honor for them to initiate ideal opportunity for the school to own a strong online identity
that will help improve the existing system.
The Future Researchers. For the future researchers, this study could be used as
their reference if they would like to develop a system website such as this.
The Students. The students within the campus will acquire benefits for they can
experience immediate access of information since they spend most of their free hours
online, the site is a great venue to be updated with the latest events of their school.
The Prospective Students, Parents or Guardians. This proposed website will help
the prospective students, parents or guardians in minimizing their expenses in travelling,
doing phone calls and conducting inquiries of which school might be the best for them.
Through this site, they will just simply click in order to view the schools profile so they
can save time, money and effort upon getting the whole information of the school.
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The Alumni. The system helps the alumni to easily access the latest news/events
of the school particularly their reunion schedules as well as viewing the results of their
donations for the school if there are any.
Assumptions
Listed below are the several activities and instances that the researchers assumed
in the development of the proposed system:
a.) The schools image will reach not just on neighborhood but throughout the whole
world.
b.) The proposed website will receive a lot of visitors from over a hundred countries
around the world.
c.) The proposed website will serve as personal and unique identity of the institution
on the internet.
d.) The alumni can easily acquire updates of their batch reunion and view the output
of their donations for the institution if there are any.
e.) The institution will no longer be left behind with competitive schools.
f.) The institution will have an opportunity to show up on search engines and
showcase their vision, mission and goal statements; history; lists of the board of
trustees, administrative staff, faculty and department heads; courses being
offered; admission requirements and procedures; scholarship grants and calendar
of activities.
g.) The administrator/personnel operator possesses or will have more chances to
advance knowledge on website development.
h.) The web developer is open to the suggestions of the school administrations.

i.)

No alteration of school policy and information statements during construction of

the proposed system.

j.)

The school administrations are willing to furnish and suggest additional contents
for the proposed system.

k.) The school will hopefully provide cost for maintenance, web hosting and for the
domain name of the proposed website.
l.)

The institution is willing to adopt the proposed system.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study is primarily focused on the development and applications of the Webbased Ormoc City Institute of Technology Information Management System that can
eventually eliminate or lessen their burden in disseminating the schools information.
The system comprises the school information itself such as its vision, mission and
goal statements; history; lists of the board of trustees, administrative staff, faculty and
department heads; courses being offered; admission requirements and procedures;
scholarship grants and calendar of activities.
It will also do the following:
1. During school campaign, the site can be used as an effective tool for presentation
purposes instead of creating PowerPoint presentation since the total package of
school information is already there as well as its current events.
2. The site will accept online advertisement whether for personal or business
purposes.
3. The site is of course accessible by the viewers via computers with internet
connection.
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4. Only the administrator or the webmaster is authorized to add, edit and delete the
contents of the site.
5. Effective navigation will be experienced in Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome and
other latest browsers.
6. Online enrollment is not a package of the proposed website.

Review of Related Literature

Every piece of research studies needs to be associated with the relevant system
studies that are already done in order to attain the successful completion of the study
pursued. Review of related literature and studies thus, becomes a link between the
research proposed and the studies already done. This gives an opportunity for the
researchers to gain more ideas, techniques, strategies and information from the related
sites and literatures collected. Visiting at other school websites, helps them to provide an

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initial overview for the development of the proposed website in connection to the related
sites affiliated to this research.

Foreign Literature
Florida International University
This site has revamped a ten year old design and represents over a year of
research and development. It has been re-launched as a contemporary, student-centered
and dynamic site designed to serve the first-time visitor as well as the daily user. It has
strategic messaging and new main page that was redesigned to feature new user-friendly
functionality, content, photography and architecture overhaul of the existing
www.fiu.edu.
The website has new audience pages that have been created for the future and
current students, faculty and staff, alumni and parents. Each page features more in depth
links that are likely to be useful to the audience, as well as section that tracks the most
popular links.
The researchers choose FIUs website as one of the related sites not just because it
is characterized as worlds ahead site, but mainly because of its clean design and vibrant
use of images and colors which gives the researchers a better strategy to be applied for
the proposed system. This serves as the model of arranging the schools commercials and
big events via customized animation and making the site informative and resourceful for
the target audiences.
University of Maryland
University of Maryland, Baltimore web sites and homepage are designed to utilize
higher resolution and the latest versions of Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox and other
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commonly used web browsers. If the user currently use older version of these browsers,
they may experience technical difficulties in navigating and viewing materials. They
recommend downloading Microsoft IE 7.0 or later, or Mozilla Firefox 3.6 or later to fully
experience the site.
The website was developed using W3W Web Content Accessibility Standards,
which are in compliance with section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act. They attempted to be
in compliance with these standards to the extent possible due to the large volume of pages
on the site and a periodic upgrade thats why there still may be information that some
individuals may find inaccessible.
The site features a pulsating application of images and information as well as
news that is further elaborated on their calendar of events. Their category of information
is not positioned in the menus and dropdown menus but it was alphabetically sorted
below their calendar of events.
The researchers use University of Marylands website because of their wellorganized application of flashing images, information and events. The site utilizes the
latest version of web browsers which is similar to the researchers proposed website
wherein navigation using the older ones will lead the visitors to experience site
navigation problems.
University of Washington
The website is published by the University of Washington education, research and
patient care or service area. This provides links to other websites, but the use of such is
subject to the privacy statements on the providers of those websites. In using this site, the
university may request users to voluntarily provide certain personally identifiable
information to participate in the password-protected areas, download information, join
University of Washingtons mailing lists and engage in payment transactions or for other
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purposes. They may use information from cookies and applets for purposes such as
website administration or assessing its technical function as well as tracking of
information about which pages that a user may visit within the site in order to help gauge
the effectiveness of its content. Cookies are alphanumeric identifiers used to identify
users computer while applets are small computer applications that relate information
back to the University.
Access to certain portions of their website Password-Protected Areas may
require login and password information. The user must have this information in order to
access these areas. The use of your personally identifying and non-personal information
will be governed by the Online Privacy Statement found at http://uw.edu/online/privacy.
The researchers includes University of Washingtons website in their research
because of its elegant, innovative and creative presentation of news and information
which made them unique from the other sites. They use to refer their proposed website to
this site in which menus and dropdown menus is really emphasized, but attachment of
relevant photographs during mouse over is not pursued by them since it is not suitable for
their sites blueprint.
Local Literature
Ateneo de Manila University
The contents of this website are provided for information purposes only. Ateneo
de Manila University(ADMU) does not accept any liability to any person for the direct,
indirect, incidental, special or consequential damages that result from the use or misuse
of any information provided in this website. The user shall have sole responsibility for
assessing the relevance and accuracy of the website's contents. They are authorized to
view and download information at this website only for their personal or noncommercial
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use. It is not necessary for them to give personal information in viewing the contents of
this website and downloading forms and publications. No personal information about the
user is collected unless he/she chooses to provide it or required by a specific university
office to authenticate the user, and facilitate its transaction. However, the website may
collect and store standard, non-personal information as the user browses through the
websites contents, reads pages or downloads forms and other data.
The website contains hyperlinks to external websites not controlled, maintained,
or regulated by the university. These links are provided for the users reference and
convenience only. If they decide to visit those linked site, they do so at their own risk and
it is their responsibility to take all protective measures to guard against viruses or other
destructive elements. Links do not imply that ADMU is affiliated or associated with it.
All materials contained in the Website including but not limited to the site design, news
articles, directories, photographic images, and their logos are protected by copyright
laws. Unless otherwise specified, all contents in the website are copyrighted property
from them. All rights reserved.
ADMU may terminate, change, suspend or discontinue any aspect of the site,
including the availability on any of its features at anytime. They may also impose limits
on certain features and services or restrict users access to parts or to the entire site
without notice or liability.
The researchers use ADMUs website since it enables users to download files
easily and view contents without requiring them to provide personal information. They
use to evaluate the contents of the sites menus and their extended dropdown menus to
fetch ideas for their proposed site. The vibrancy of the images, information and news of
ADMUs site are quite amazing which made them decide to choose this site as one of
their model in developing their site.
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System Technology Institute (STI)

This website may contain links to or be accessed through links on websites of the
other institutions, individuals or groups. The school does not have responsibility for the
contents, availability, operation or performance of any other sites to which this website
may be linked or from which this website may be accessed. Their Web Development
Team shall have the right in their sole discretion to refuse or remove any content that is
available via this website.
All textual, graphical and other content appearing on this website are the property
of STI. The users may view, copy, print and use contents contained on this Web Site
solely for their own personal use provided that the content available from this Website is
used for informational and non-commercial purposes only; no text, graphics or other
content available from this Website is modified in any way and no graphics available
from this Website are used and copied or distributed separate from accompanying text.
The STI respects each site visitors right to personal privacy. To that end, they
collect and use information through their website to improve the content on the web page
and to notify visitors about updates to their website. Registration is not required to enter
their website and they share information with other organizations for commercial
purposes. For each visitor to the website, their web server automatically recognizes no
information regarding the domain or e-mail address.
The researchers refer to STIs website on putting effects in the site particularly on
the main page to catch the viewers attention for them to discover more about the site
since effects are usually seen in it. This enables them to spot differences between sites
with simple animation from a multi-animated one.
University of Cebu

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University of Cebu may use cookies to monitor how people use the website. This
helps them understand traffic and behavioral statistical information on how its members
and visitors use the website so they can develop and improve the design, layout and
function of the site. Their web mail is not to be used for the discussion or dissemination
of sensitive material. Access to their services is restricted.
When a user is required to use a password to access any part of the UC web site
then he/she agrees to ensure that any details supplied to them in order to register for such
access are accurate and that he/she is promptly updated in the event that any such details
change; and keep confidential in any personal password and to be responsible for any loss
or damage resulting from the use of any such password by any third party.
UC reserves the right to terminate users access to password-protected parts of
their website if they consider that he/she are using its website in a manner detrimental to
them or to other users.
In addition, color is an essential element in judging things, thats why researchers
choose UCs website for its neutral colors particularly white for the sites background.
Since OCITs color code is yellow and blue, it would be a perfect match for white to
maintain calmness and coolness to the eyes of the viewers.

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METHODOLOGY
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
All institutions need a high compact and upgrading method that establish stronger
bonds through constant contact with prospects. For this reason, the researchers will
develop a school website system intended for Ormoc City Institute of Technology to have
the availability of information that can easily be accessed by the viewers.
In order for the researchers to create the school website system software, the
systems development life cycle describes activities and functions that systems developers
typically perform, regardless of how those activities and functions fit into a particular
methodology. It represents a set of general categories that show the major steps, over
time, of an information systems development project.
The waterfall model is a popular version of the Systems Development Life Cycle
(SDLC) model for software engineering. Often considered as the classic approach to the
SDLC since, it describes a developmental method that is linear and sequential. Waterfall
development has distinct goals for each phase, and once a phase of development is
17

completed, it simply proceeds to the next one. The advantage of waterfall development is
that it allows for departmentalization and managerial control. A schedule can be set with
deadlines for each stage of development and can proceed through the development
process. The complete systems development life cycle is shown in Figure 1.

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Figure 1.0
The Waterfall Model

Activities and Phases of the Waterfall Model

Feasibility
Feasibility is a fact-gathering technique of collecting information such as
interviewing the organizations management, prospective visitors and cost-benefit
analysis that ascertains whether the benefits are worth the associated cost.
The researchers come up with a decision whether a web site is needed by the
institution. If yes, the purpose, goal, target visitors, and the content should be
determined.
Analysis
The stage which purpose, target audience, proposed content and functionality for
the entire site is determined. In short, deciding what are needed. In this phase, all
practical requirements of the system website should be carefully analyzed, identified and
categorized according to its level of importance. Therefore, the researchers should come
up with a complete cost-benefit study and must conduct brainstorming about the systems
realistic plan, on what it is going to be and what purpose it is going to fulfill.
Design

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Design is an important phase of a website. It guides the researchers to be able to

make some sketches and operates the information gathered through the use of some
application software and required hardware. The design of the site must fulfill with the
requirements determined in the analysis phase. In short, creating a how that provides
the what from the analysis phase.

Construction and Testing

The construction and testing cannot be separated into independent phases since
testing should begin as soon as the first few lines of code are written. That way, problems
are identified early in the process, rather than at the end, when the entire site might end
up needing major modifications to correct those problems.
It is where ideas and design come up together, grow into image, and overlook
faults and bugs that need to be eliminated by the researchers. Pages are created, effects
are built in, images are produced, and gateway scripts written and any other programming
requirements are formed. Obviously, this is a time intensive part of the project; hence this
must be done carefully because its the backbone of the site.
Launch
Launch is a sequence of uploading the site to the server, performing final sitewide tests, and bringing the site lives. In launching a website, there are so many final
touches that need to be done to make sure that it is ready for the online network. Its not
simply just the small visual corrections even the usability testing should be done. And by
using a File Transfer Protocol (FTP) which is a standard network protocol used to transfer
files from one host to another host over a TCP-based network, such as the internet and
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often used to upload web pages and other documents from a private development
machine to a public web-hosting server.

Maintenance
Maintenance is an activity intended to keep a website running smoothly. It may be
done on a regular basis, or scheduled as needed. In some cases, access to the website may
be temporarily restricted while maintenance is performed or else a notice may be sent to
the users ahead of time to make them aware of the fact that the site will not be available
during a specific time period on a particular day.
The reason why it needs to perform website maintenance is for repairing,
upgrading, and overhauling the system as necessary to. It is important to keep
information up to date, and to make sure that the systems used to run the website are also
current.
Theories Used in the Study
Database
A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be
accessed, managed, and updated. The term database is correctly applied to the data and
their supporting data structures, and not to the database management system. In one view,
it can be classified according to types of content: bibliographic, full-text, numeric, and
images. Computer databases typically contain aggregations of data records or files, such
as sales transactions, product catalogs and inventories, and customers profile.
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The researchers used database in their proposed website for storing articles and
other published contents, contact information, links to other websites, advertisements,
etc. to ensure centralize and secure data warehouse. It helps them manage the information
more efficiently and effectively for they can easily use, organize, retrieve and update all
those information in bulk.
Data Administration
Data administration or data resource management is an organizational function
working in the areas of information systems and computer science that plans, organizes,
describes and controls data resources that are usually stored in databases under a database
management system or other software such as electronic spreadsheets. This ideally begins
at system conception, ensuring there is a data dictionary to help maintain consistency,
avoid redundancy, and model the database so as to make it logical and usable, by means
of data modelling, including database normalization techniques.4
The researchers applied data administration for the system to advocate planning
and coordination of the information resource across related applications and system areas.
By doing so, the amount of data sharing can be maximized, and the amount of design and
data redundancy can be minimized. It allows them to document, manage and control the
information resources of the entire system.
Internet Browsers
1. Google Chrome

Google Chrome is a freeware web browser developed by Google that uses the
Web Kit layout engine. It was first released as a beta version for Microsoft Windows on
September 2, 2008, and the public stable release was on December 11, 2008. The name is

22

derived from the graphical user interface frame, or "chrome", of web browsers. Signing
in to Chrome, brings users bookmarks, history, and other settings to all their computers.5
The researchers tested and used Google Chrome for the proposed website because
it is fast, streamline, clean, simple and secure. It's quick to start up from the desktop,
loads web pages in a snap, and runs complex web applications lightning fast. It enables
them to arrange tabs however they wish and shows warning message before they visit a
site that is suspected of containing malware programs/software.
2. Mozilla Firefox
Mozilla Firefox is a free and open source web browser descended from the
Mozilla Application Suite and managed by Mozilla Corporation. It uses the Gecko layout
engine to render web pages, which implements current and anticipated standards. As of
January 2012, Firefox has approximately 25% of worldwide usage share of web
browsers, making it the second or the third most widely used browser, according to
different estimates.
The researchers used Mozilla Firefox because it is elegant in design and offers no
difficulty in terms of performance, security and privacy, since it is fast and user-friendly.
This browser enables them to experience streamline and intuitive viewing of the proposed
website because it has customizable toolbars, multiple tabs for browsing sessions and less
prone to security breaches, viruses, and malware over than Internet Explorer.
Software Application
1. HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
HyperText Markup Language is a computer language devised that allows website
creation. It consists of a series of short codes typed into a text-file by the site author. The
text is then saved as a html file, and viewed through a browser, like Mozilla Firefox or

23

Google Chrome. This browser reads the file and translates the text into a visible form,
hopefully rendering the page as the author had intended.
The researchers use HTML since this is considered as the building blocks of all
websites. It allows images and objects to be embedded and can be used to create
interactive forms. It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting
structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other
items.
2. Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)
Hypertext Preprocessor is a scripting language that is widely used to create
dynamic web pages. It is an HTML-embedded web scripting language, meaning the PHP
code can be inserted into the HTML of a Web page. It is commonly used to extract data
out of a database on the Web server and present it on the Web page.
The researchers used PHP since it offers unique features and specific functions
wherein they can write dynamically generated pages quickly and easily.It is also then
supported by all Web servers and widely used with the MySQL database.
3. Macromedia fireworks
Macromedia Fireworks is a graphics program used to create and edit both bitmap
and vector images. It has multi-page rapid prototyping abilities that used native PNG
format to keep layered file sizes down. It is a creative powerhouse that can really do it all,
from the creative visual design stages to the slicing, optimization, and exporting of
finished web graphics.7
The researchers used Macromedia Fireworks in editing some of the images used
in the proposed website because it has better image compression rate than Photoshop
with JPEG, PNG and GIF images. It has many built-in functions as well as accessible
24

tools with a straightforward interface. It offers number of tools that are easy for them to
pick up and supports guides, horizontal or vertical lines that act like a real-world ruler in
drawing, content placement, and image composition.

System Prototypes
1. Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
A Data Flow Diagram is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data through
an information system. Often they are a preliminary step used to create an overview of
the system which can later be elaborated. It is used for the visualization of data
processing and a geographical tool that shows process, flows and stores external entities
in a system. It also shows the transformation of data into a system.9
The researchers used Data Flow Diagram because the diagram makes the flow of
data easy to understand and analyze. It is very useful in their modeling technique in
performing a structured analysis of software problems, allowing them to spot and
pinpoint issues upon the development of the system.
2. Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Graphical User Interface is a type of user interface that allows people to interact
with electronic devices using images rather than text commands. It represents information
and actions available to a user through graphical icons and visual indicators such as
secondary notation, as opposed to text-based interfaces, typed command labels or text
navigation. It is the skin of programs which allow users to deal with computers and
other digital machines using an instruction set of images and text . The actions are usually
performed through direct manipulation of the graphical elements.10

25

The researchers used Graphical User Interface since this is the preeminent way of
interacting with the computer using items such as windows, icons, and menus, used by
modern operating systems. It allows them multitasking activity, with multiple open and
accessible windows containing programs or files that run simultaneously. The advantage
of this for them, of course, aside from simplicity of use, is increased productivity and
convenience.
3. Prototyping
A prototype is the process of building a model of the system. It is an iterative
process that is part of the analysis phase of the system development life cycle. It is also a
process of quickly putting together a working model in order to test various aspects of a
design, illustrate ideas or features and gather early user feedback. This is where the idea
is developed, tested, improved and refined.11
The researchers have undergone prototyping to create and explore the systems
viability as part of the research and development process. This is employed to help them
build an information system that is intuitive and easy to manipulate for end users. It
reduces their development costs and time for it is inexpensive to create specially the
paper prototypes.
Waterfall Approach
Waterfall approach was the first Process Model introduced and followed widely in
software engineering to ensure success of the project. This approach is also referred to as
Software Development Process Model wherein each process model follows a particular
life cycle and its whole process of software development is divided into separate phases.
One such approach used in software development is 'The Waterfall Model'.12

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The waterfall approach guides the researchers to have clear compartmentalization

of work and control in the model to easily set schedule for the task to be completed
within a specified time period. It facilitates their activities with no overlapping and does
not have to go through different iterative steps. The emphasis on requirements and design
before writing a single line of code ensures minimal wastage of their time and effort, and
reduces the cost of resources as well as the risk of schedule slippage, or of their
expectations not being met.
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
System Development Life Cycle is the process of developing information systems
through investigation, analysis, design, implementation and maintenance. It is also known
as information system development or an application development. SDLC is a system
approach to problem solving and is made up of several phases, each comprised of
multiple steps such as software concept, requirements analysis, architectural design,
coding and debugging, and system testing. This is the entire process of building,
deploying, using, and updating an information system. 13 The researchers used SDLC to
estimate cost, avoid project failure, and finish project on time and with budget for it is
inexpensive to maintain and cost-effective to enhance. In using it, they can develop the
system in a very deliberate, structured and methodical way with the help of reiterating
each stage of the life cycle, from initial feasibility study through maintenance of the
completed application. This also helps them to create a blueprint for the design with the
necessary specifications for the hardware, software and data resources.
Query Language
MySQL
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MySQL is the most popular Open Source SQL database management system that
runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. SQL stands for
Structured Query Language which is a standardized query language for requesting
information from a database. MySQL is a very lightweight application and a wide user
base, which allows changes to structure of table while server is running. It manipulates
very fast thread-based memory allocation system that is written in C and C++ language.
The researchers used MySQL for it has capabilities that extend far beyond that of
Microsoft Access when dealing with speed and reliability. It is very fast and a flexible
database management system. It facilitates them to manage large volumes of data at very
high-speed and allows them to create a relational database structure on a web-server
somewhere in order to store data or automate procedures.
Web Server
XAMPP
XAMPP is a free and open source cross-platform web server solution stack
package, consisting mainly of the Apache HTTP Server, MySQL database, and
interpreters for scripts written in the PHP and Perl programming languages. It requires
one zip, tar, 7z, or exe file to be downloaded and run, and little or no configuration of the
various components that make up the web server. It also comes with a number of other
modules including OpenSSL and phpMyAdmin.14
The researchers used XAMPP for it is very stress-free to install and use, and
allows proposed websites designers and programmers to test their work on their own
computers without any access to the Internet. It provides them a support for creating and
manipulating databases in MySQL.
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Considering the above concepts and theories as approaches to the development

and validation of the research, the researchers are able to develop a conceptual model to
show the content of the system. This paradigm is shown in Figure 2.
Input
About Us

Process
Interview

Vision
Mission
Goal
History
Administration

Documentation

Management System

Debugging/Testing
Analysis

Administrative Staff

System

Faculty & Heads of

Department

Requirements

Courses Offered

Login

Admission
Requirements

OCIT Information

Programming

Board of Trustees

Admission

Output

Administrator
Logout

Admission
Procedures
Scholarship grants
Figure 2.0
Contacts
Conceptual Model in the Development of the OCIT Information Management
Calendar of Activities
System

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Implementation Requirements
The following are the minimum system requirements in the implementation of the
OCIT Information Management System.
A. Software Requirements
Operating systems (Windows 7, Windows XP Professional or Windows Vista )
Internet Browsers (Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Goggle Chrome or any

latest browsers)
Web server (XAMPP)
Anti Virus (AVG Professional Edition)
MySQL (version 4 or higher)
HTML
PHP

B. Hardware Requirements
Pentium 4 minimum or higher
Up to 320GB of Hard Disk or higher
DVD-RW Drive
Screen Resolution 1024 x 768 or better
Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
C. Human Resource Requirements
The people involved in the development and maintenance of the system are the
following:

System Administrator

Webmaster

Web Content Provider

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Web Testing

Hosting Plan

Maintenance

Cost of Development

REFERENCES
BOOKS / MAGAZINES
Ma. Nerissa Tamayo, HTML and Web Design. Philippines: Jemma, Inc. Publishing
Group, 2007
Chris Fehly, SQL. United States of America: Peachpit Press, 2005
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Brackett, Michael. "A New Direction for Data Resource Management". The Data
Administration Newsletter. 2009.
Bruza, P. D., Van der Weide, Th. P., "The Semantics of Data Flow Diagrams". 1993.
Chris Gane and Trish Sarson. Structured Systems Analysis: Tools and Techniques.
McDonnell Douglas Systems Integration Company. 1977.
W. Stevens, G. Myers, L. Constantine, "Structured Design", IBM Systems Journal. 1974.
Zurell, Nancy. "Teaming Up to Manage Data: The Data Resource Management
Organization". DM Review Magazine. 2009.

WEBLINKS
Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome
Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface
Retrieved from http://www.ateneo.edu
Retrieved from http://www.fiu.edu
Retrieved from http://www.umaryland.edu
Retrieved from http://www.washington.edu/online/terms
Retrieved from http://www.ateneo.edu
Retrieved from http://www.sti.edu/terms_of_use.asp
Retrieved from http://uc.edu.ph
Retrieved from http://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/definition/database

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