Workshop No. 1
Table of contents
Introduction..............................................................................................................................3
Basics of the grain rule ..............................................................................................................3
2.1
Grain shift moment................................................................................................................3
2.2
Load types............................................................................................................................4
2.3
Initial voids...........................................................................................................................6
2.4
Grain load after shifting .........................................................................................................6
3.
Grain calculations with NAPA......................................................................................................7
3.1
Creating the rooms for the arrangement .................................................................................7
3.2
Create the grain cargo space..................................................................................................7
3.2.1
Defining the hatch.............................................................................................................9
3.2.2
Defining girders...............................................................................................................11
3.2.3
Grain feeding holes .........................................................................................................12
3.2.4
Tween decks...................................................................................................................12
3.2.5
Multiple hatches into the same grain cargo space...............................................................12
3.3
Check the hold geometry .....................................................................................................12
3.4
Check the load ....................................................................................................................14
3.5
Calculate the actual grain heeling moment tables...................................................................14
3.6
Create allowable grain heeling moment tables .......................................................................15
3.7
Create loading conditions and check that they do pass the criteria ..........................................17
4.
Manager applications for Grain Stability.....................................................................................19
4.1
GS Manager (MGR*GS)........................................................................................................19
4.2
LR SCM Manager (LR_SCM) .................................................................................................20
5.
Relationship between CR, LD and GS tasks................................................................................21
6.
Relationship between the numbers ...........................................................................................22
6.1
LIST in the grain task ..........................................................................................................22
6.2
Volumes, weights, centre of gravity, vertical grain shift, etc ....................................................22
7.
Changes between Release 2007.2 and 2008.1 ...........................................................................23
7.1
Changes that may affect calculation results or backwards compatibility....................................24
7.1.1
Grain shift moments in LD................................................................................................24
7.1.2
Void depth calculations ....................................................................................................24
7.1.3
Feeding distance and upper stool tanks.............................................................................24
7.1.4
Voids under stools ...........................................................................................................24
7.1.5
Void depths in fore and aft hatch configurations ................................................................25
7.1.6
Hatch coaming height......................................................................................................25
7.1.7
Control of alternative calculation methods .........................................................................25
7.1.8
Grain feeding holes compatible with tween decks and multiple hatches................................25
7.1.9
DESCRIBE command (DES) ..............................................................................................25
7.1.10 Assigning variables ..........................................................................................................25
7.2
New features ......................................................................................................................26
7.2.1
Permissible heeling moments list limited with intact criteria.................................................26
7.2.2
New alternative layout for permissible heeling moments list ................................................26
7.2.3
New plotting options........................................................................................................26
7.2.4
Functionality supporting macros .......................................................................................26
7.2.5
Miscellaneous..................................................................................................................26
8.
Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................26
1.
2.
1. Introduction
The International Grain Code specifies how to determine the grain shift moment, and it sets the stability
criteria for ships carrying grain in bulk.
The purpose of the Grain Stability subsystem in NAPA is to:
When the ship heels enough, the cargo will slide towards the lower side, and the center of gravity of the
cargo will not be in the same place anymore. When the ship comes upright again, the load will not level
itself as a liquid would and the center of gravity is still off the original one.
Filled, untrimmed load: you fill the hold from the hatch and leave it just as it is. In the hatch, you
trim the load, i.e. level the surface as much as possible. Filled means you fill it to the maximum
extent possible, in normal circumstances up to the edge of the hatch coaming. The rule assumes
that the load will flow from the hatch end beams and the side girders at an angle of thirty degrees.
Filled and trimmed load: fill the compartment to the maximum extent possible and level all the
surfaces.
Figure 4 Filled and trimmed load; the cargo is packed into the hold as well as possible
Figure 5 Filled and trimmed load; the rule makes assumptions about how well the cargo can be loaded and
how it will settle during the voyage causing assumed voids which are used for calculation of the grain shift
moment
Partial load: load the compartment with a certain amount of grain. Partial loads must always be
trimmed, i.e. the surface of the cargo must be level.
Filled, with untrimmed ends: this is a hybrid between the filled and trimmed load and the untrimmed
one and is allowed in specially suitable compartments', as defined in A.2.7. An example of a
specially suitable compartment is a hold with topside tanks sloped more than 30 degrees, and where
the hatch sides coincide with the topside tank.
Figure 7 The void depth is affected by the distance from the hatch end beam or side girder to the boundary
of the compartment, and the highest girder/beam between the hatch and the void
In partial loading conditions, there will be similar voids underneath any horizontal surfaces, in case the grain
reaches up to them.
If the initial area is greater than the max void, the excess area will be transferred to the next void to the
right. Then the process is repeated for this void, but instead of using the initial area of the void, we will use
the initial area plus any area that was transferred from the previous void.
Finally, we will have determined the area and the centre of gravity of each void after shifting, and we can
get the center of gravity of the cargo in this section.
Figure 8 Shifted voids and void transfers used for determining the shape of the cargo surface after shifting
There are two optional ways to create the grain cargo space: the Hatch Included approach and the
Stripped room approach. The important thing is to select one approach and use that; do NOT mix the two
approaches, it may lead to incorrect results.
The hatch included approach
1. Define a grain cargo space with the
same name as the room in the
arrangement.
2. If there are corrugated bulkheads,
replace them using the Reference
Planes command RP.
Figure 10 The stripped room, the hatch has been removed, and the corrugated bulkheads have been
replaced by planes
10
When defining the hatch, the user should be familiar with the meaning of:
Figure 11 The heights and the parameters in the hatch command that are used to set them
Where the deck is flat or otherwise well-defined, these measures can be given from the deck. Sheer, camber
and raised decks will make it complicated to define the heights from the deck; therefore, the measurements
from the baseline are often preferable.
The way the maximum load height, the cover height and the coaming height affect the void in the hatch is
explained in the figures below.
11
OPE
HATCH
HATCH
OPE
HATCH
Top of Hatch Coaming
HATCH
CLOSE
HATCH
Top of Hatch Coaming
HATCH
The room you add to the arrangement should be defined up to the inner surface of the hatch cover. The
reason is that there are other calculations in NAPA that expect them to be modelled this way.
If you define the hatch by referring to a room, that room should also reach up to the inside of the hatch
cover. The reason is that when the load shifts, it will move into any open voids in the hatch cover. It is only
the initial load that cannot be higher than the upper edge of the hatch coaming.
3.2.2 Defining girders
Deck girders and hatch cover girders are defined with the GIRDER command (see !expl GIRDER).
In the hold definition shown below, there is one hatch cover girder at the centre line with one meter depth
and two deck girders continuous with the hatch side girders.
GCS C14
GIRDER (0 1) H
HATCH (61.265 81.155 -7.68 7.68) HC=2.2 HBA=0.685 HBF=0.685 ZGL=15.96, ZGR=15.96
ZL=18.18 ZCOA=18.18
GIRDER (7.68 0.685),
(-7.68 0.685)
HI
12
13
Figure 13 PLO Z TDS, Plot Z-projection, add Title (T), girder depths (D) and Scale (S)
The Y-projection is useful for checking the geometry of the hold and how the load behaves. Please note that
the load may not be fully accurate; the calculation is done in the x-sections, and this plot is just connecting
the points on the surface.
PLOT Y
PLOT YIL 0 F
14
girder sections
girder depths
girder IDs
girder coordinates
PLOT V15
PLOT V25
To check how the cargo surface will behave when loading there is the LOAD command.
LOAD F / UT / UTE
LOAD 14.3
PLOT +IL
PLOT +SL
Handy shortcuts:
AUTO PLOT +IL
when the section is changed, or the loading is changed, the system will run the
PLOT + IL command again. AUTO PLOT +SL is also useful.
when auto plot draws the load, the load will be filled with red color
turn off the automatic filling
stop plotting automatically
SEC N
SEC P
next section
previous section
15
GS?>lis
D
GVOL
GVOLR
GMY
GRMV DCGY
m
m3
m3
m4
m4
m
------------------------------------------------0.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0 0.00
2.000
800.0
800.0
4506.3 4506.3 5.63
20.000
7893.6
7893.6
1816.8 1816.8 0.23
22.000
8078.6
8078.6
840.1
840.1 0.10
GS?>lis f
D
GVOL
GVOLR
GMY
GRMV DCGY
m
m3
m3
m4
m4
m
------------------------------------------------22.000
8078.6
8078.6
764.2
764.2 0.09
A frequently asked question is why the grain moment (GRMV) is different for the partial filling at Z=22m and
the filled and trimmed condition. The reason is that the filled and trimmed condition is calculated using 15
degrees shifting angle while the partial load is calculated with 25 degrees.
In order for a load to be filled, it must be specified as F, UT or UTE. All the other loads are partial, although
the amount loaded is enough to fill it.
GS?>lis ute
D
GVOL
GVOLR
GMY
GRMV DCGY
m
m3
m3
m4
m4
m
------------------------------------------------22.000
7682.2
7682.2
2622.5 2622.5 0.34
GS?>lis ut
D
GVOL
GVOLR
GMY
GRMV DCGY
m
m3
m3
m4
m4
m
------------------------------------------------22.000
7523.3
7523.3
3524.6 3524.6 0.47
GS?>
16
TASK?>CR
CR_I?>T
10 11 12
CR_I?>ZCG
10 11 12
CR_I?>RCR AREA30, AREA40, AREA3040, GZ0.2, MAXGZ25, GM0.15
CR_I?>LIST AHM
-------------------------------------------T
DISP
GRM
GRM
GRM
ZCG=10
ZCG=11
ZCG=12
m
t
tm
tm
tm
-------------------------------------------10.000 43889.4 23788.2 14080.5
11.000 48623.4 25584.6 14829.8
12.000 53452.0 28605.0
-------------------------------------------CR_I?>RCR
CR_I?>LIST AHM
-------------------------------------------T
DISP
GRM
GRM
GRM
ZCG=10
ZCG=11
ZCG=12
m
t
tm
tm
tm
-------------------------------------------10.000 43889.4 23788.2 14080.5
11.000 48623.4 25584.6 14829.8
12.000 53452.0 28605.0
8579.8
--------------------------------------------
With a LIST CRT we can see what criteria is limiting the table at draught 12m, KG 11m.
17
3.7 Create loading conditions and check that they do pass the criteria
Starting from Release 2008.1, you can use the Loading Conditions window to load grain.
Alternatively, you can load from the command line by using the LOAD command.
@@ fill and trimmed
LOAD grain F HOLD1 HOLD2 HOLD3
@@ filled with untrimmed ends
LOAD grain UTE HOLD4
@@ filled untrimmed
LOAD GRAIN UT HOLD5
@@ partial load
LOAD GRAIN 120 HOLD6
With LIST GCR, you can check the status of the grain criteria while in the LD task. The values inside
brackets are the required values. There is an exclamation mark where the requirement is not met.
18
LD?>list gcr
Load case:
Displacement:
Height of center of gravity:
GM (corrected):
Correction for free surfaces:
Grain shift moment:
Max. allowed grain shift moment:
Heel resulting from grain shift:
Residual area:
Max righting lever (after shift)
Angle of max righting lever
Heeling arm due to grain shift:
LD?>
LOADCASE
41980.0
10.20
1.257
0.000
3025.1
0.0
3.2
0.016
0.15
13.2
0.07
t
m
m
m
tm
tm
degree
RAD*M
m
degree
m
(0.3)
! (3.19)
! (0.075)
The contents of the loading condition can be listed with LIST PAR. By adding the quantity GRM in the LQ
you will get the grain shift moment for any holds containing grain loads.
LQ PAR NAME, LOAD, MASS, VREL(FILL), XM, YM, ZM, GRM
LD?>
LD?>lis par
------------------------------------------------------------------NAME
LOAD
MASS
FILL
XM
YM
ZM
GRM
t
%
m
m
m
tm
------------------------------------------------------------------CONTENTS=Grain load (RHO=0.78)
HOLD1
GRAIN
6396.0
100.0
10.00
0.00 10.27
605.0
HOLD2
GRAIN
6396.0
100.0
30.00
0.00 10.27
605.0
HOLD3
GRAIN
6396.0
100.0
50.00
0.00 10.27
605.0
HOLD4
GRAIN
6396.0
100.0
70.00
0.00 10.27
605.0
HOLD5
GRAIN
6396.0
100.0
90.00
0.00 10.27
605.0
------------------------------------------------------------------SUBTOTAL GRAIN
31980.0
50.00
0.00 10.27
3025.1
------------------------------------------------------------------NAME
LOAD
MASS
FILL
XM
YM
ZM
GRM
t
%
m
m
m
tm
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------TOTAL
31980.0
50.00
0.00 10.27
3025.1
LD?>
Frequently asked question: Im checking a loading condition with the CHECK load command in the
GCR task, then I check the same floating position by using CHECK disp= trim= zcg= and the result
is not the same. Why?
Answer:
1. The loading condition may contain free surfaces which affects the GZ curve. Depending on the
freesurface rule this may happen even if there are no liquid loads onboard.
2. The loading condition might have a small initial heel which affects the result.
3. The GZ curves used for the checks are not necessarily the same. Check load takes the GZ-curve
from the loading condition. The other form of check creates it based on the given hull object. If
the given heel arguments in the tasks are different, the curves may not be the same.
19
It is important to notice that the input for hold dimensions in the variable definition tables in these Manager
applications does not necessarily reflect the hold definitions existing in the database. Therefore, the user
should be careful when updating the Manager items as this might result in losing some of the hold
definitions. All in all, neither of these Managers do not support editing hold definitions, which have been
created without the Manager in question.
The use of both Managers requires that the selected compartment arrangement includes the grain
compartments.
20
This Manager application was originally released in NAPA 2004.1 and it was renewed for NAPA 2006.1. The
Manager calculates grain moments according to the International Grain Code.
The main steps of a grain calculation process with this Manager are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The creation of the loading conditions and checking the compliance of the grain stability criteria need to be
carried outside this Manager.
More about the GS Manager can be found in the NAPA Online Manuals.
21
The Lloyds Register Statutory Computational Manager (LR_SCM) has been developed in conjunction with
NAPA to allow for checking of ship designs for compliance with statutory regulations from the initial through
to the final design stage, providing a seamless integration of plan approval into the design process. The
possibility to calculate grain stability will be included in this Manager in NAPA 2008.1. Grain stability can be
checked within the IMO Intact Stability calculations, see Figure 16 Screenshot of the LR SCM Manager.
The main steps of the calculation process are the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Hold definition part supports modelling zero to three open tween decks. Each deck may include two hatch
openings, which must be set in the longitudinal direction. Most of the vertical hold dimensions can be given
from the baseline or from the deck.
Compared with the GS Manager, maybe the most significant difference is that in this Manager the grain
calculations are fitted into a larger entity. This enables the user to carry out a larger part of the statutory
compliance calculations using clear, step-by-step processes within the same application. Furthermore, the
functionality used is newer than in the GS Manager, which does not use all the new features of the GS subtask, such as new plotting functions and checking criteria and allowable heeling moments to both sides.
Hold definition can be carried out step-by-step and the outcome of each step can be checked by plotting,
whereas the GS Manager requires that hold dimensions are given and run all at one time. The LR Manager
uses the hatch included approach which is the preferred method.
These calculation results are stored with the Grain cargo space.
In the Loading Conditions task, we load the holds. LD asks the grain task, the user wants to LOAD UTE into
this cargo hold, how much is that? The answer is fetched from the grain cargo space description. If the
user wants to list the grain heeling moment, the center of gravity or anything like that for a grain load, the
question will be asked from the grain subsystem, which will look it up in the grain cargo space.
If the values do not exist in the grain cargo space description, GS will try to calculate them. The calculation
is also carried out if some object that the grain load is dependent on has changed.
22
If you load a partial load, and the exact same amount does not exist among the pre-calculated draughts, the
result is interpolated from the calculated results. It is important to have enough calculation draughts;
otherwise, the accuracy of the interpolated results will suffer. As a rule of thumb, we recommend
using 20 heights or more.
In the Criteria tasks, you check whether the loading condition passes the grain criteria and any other
stability criteria that applies to the ship. Here the connection to grain stability is that the grain heeling
moment is fetched from the loading condition.
In addition, you create the allowable grain heeling moments list the CR-task. This list is not in any way
related to the actual grain heeling moments. The things affecting it are the shape of the hull, the openings,
the floating position, the center of gravity of the whole ship, and the freeboard curve. Using these side
conditions, the program will iterate to find the biggest moment with which the grain criteria will be passed.
Note that there are no free surface moments in this list, so when using it, you will have to correct your KG
with a free surface correction.
It is possible to do grain criteria checks in both the intact criteria task CR_I and in the grain subtask GCR.
This is due to historical reasons; at the time the GCR subtask was created, the general intact criteria task
was not as flexible as it is today. The main difference is that limiting the allowable grain heeling moment list
with intact criteria is only available in the intact criteria task.
23
would imply. To take this into account, the grain code specifies that the transverse grain heeling moment
(GRM) for partial loads is to be multiplied by the factor 1.12.
For filled and trimmed holds, the centre of gravity is at the volumetric centre of gravity of the hold. In NAPA
that means the centre of gravity of the compartment in the arrangement, measured up to the hatch
coaming height.
For filled with untrimmed ends loads, the mid part of the section, will be handled like filled and trimmed, i.e.
no voids, and forward and aft of the hatch the grain contours are used in the volume calculations. The
centre of gravity is at the volumetric centre of the whole cargo compartment.
Load
Volume
VCG
GRM Coefficient
Volumetric centre of
gravity, up to the
coaming height.
1.0
Volume of cargo.
Volumetric centre of
gravity, up to the
coaming height.
1.0
Volume
of
cargo
forward and aft of the
hatch. Volume of hold
abreast of the hatch.
Volumetric centre of
gravity, up to the
coaming height.
1.0
Partial loads
Volume of cargo
Centre of gravity of
cargo
1.12
The standard methods of calculation are summed up in the table above. For filled and trimmed loads, the
rule says that if the administration allows it, you may take the underdeck voids of a filled load into account
when calculating the VCG, but you will need to compensate for the vertical shift by using a GRM coefficient.
Load
Filled and trimmed
Volume
Cargo hold, up to the
coaming height.
VCG
Cargo with assumed
voids
taken
into
account.
GRM Coefficient
1.06
In addition, for these corrective coefficients to the GRM (1.06 & 1.12), the rule allows for any equally
efficient method to be used. It is the administration (e.g. classification society) that has the final word in
what is equally effective. One such method could be to use the vertical grain shift and correct the heeling
arm curve or the GZ curve for the rising VCG.
Note When loading grain in LD, capacity (CAP) should be set to 1.0.
24
inaccuracy were identified, and some interpretations have been changed to be better in line with the
interpretations used by the classification societies.
As a result of this, there will be differences between the results calculated with 2008.1 compared to older
versions of the program. Here are the most important changes; the complete list can be found in the Update
Information delivered with the Online Manuals of the new program.
25
26
DISP
t
43889.4
43889.4
48623.4
ZCG
m
10.00
11.00
10.00
GM
m
2.282
1.282
2.224
12 deg
tm
23788.2
14080.5
25584.7
Area
tm
64779.7
33990.2
53616.0
8. Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Brian Parkinson from Lloyds Register for his help in the development of
NAPAs Grain Stability sub-task and for providing material for the verification of the results of NAPAs grain
stability calculations.