and Y circuits with the labels which are used in this article.
is eliminated by transforming the impedances. For equivalence, the impedance between any pair of terminals must
be the same for both networks. The equations given here
are valid for complex as well as real impedances.
Names
R R
Ry =
R
where R are all impedances in the circuit. This yields
the specic formulae
Rb Rc
Ra + Rb + Rc
Ra Rc
R2 =
Ra + Rb + Rc
Ra Rb
R3 =
Ra + Rb + Rc
R1 =
Basic Y- transformation
R =
RP
Ropposite
The transformation is used to establish equivalence for
networks with three terminals. Where three elements ter- where RP = R1 R2 + R2 R3 + R3 R1 is the sum of the
minate at a common node and none are sources, the node products of all pairs of impedances in the Y circuit and
1
4 SIMPLIFICATION OF NETWORKS
R3
Ra
c +Ra )Rb
Ropposite is the impedance of the node in the Y circuit
R3 + R1 = (R
Ra +Rb +Rc , R1 = Rc .
which is opposite the edge with R . The formula for the
individual edges are thus
Though usually six equations are more than enough to express three variables ( R1 , R2 , R3 ) in term of the other
three variables( Ra , Rb , Rc ), here it is straightforward
R1 R2 + R2 R3 + R3 R1
to show that these equations indeed lead to the above deRa =
R1
signed expressions. In fact, the superposition theorem not
R1 R2 + R2 R3 + R3 R1
only establishes the relation between the values of the reRb =
R2
sistances, but also guarantees the uniqueness of such soR1 R2 + R2 R3 + R3 R1
lution.
Rc =
R3
2.3
S3
VLL = 3VLN 30
ILL = 3ILN 30
Z /3 = ZY
Simplication of networks
Resistive networks between two terminals can theoretically be simplied to a single equivalent resistor (more
generally, the same is true of impedance). Series and parallel transforms are basic tools for doing so, but for complex networks such as the bridge illustrated here, they do
not suce.
The Y- transform can be used to eliminate one node at a
time and produce a network that can be further simplied,
as shown.
Transformation of a bridge resistor network, using the Y- transform to eliminate node D, yields an equivalent network that may
readily be simplied further.
Transformation of a bridge resistor network, using the -Y transform, also yields an equivalent network that may readily be simplied further.
6.1
transformations.[3] However, there are non-planar networks that cannot be simplied using these transformations, such as a regular square grid wrapped around a R (N1 , N2 ) = Rc (Ra + Rb )
RT
torus, or any member of the Petersen family.
Graph theory
Demonstration
R2 + R3 =
6.1
Ra (Rb + Rc )
RT
Rb (Ra + Rc )
.
RT
From here, the values of {R1 , R2 , R3 } can be determined by linear combination (addition and/or subtraction).
For example, adding (1) and (3), then subtracting (2)
yields
and Y circuits with the labels that are used in this article.
where RT = Ra + Rb + Rc
For completeness:
Rc (Ra + Rb )
Ra + Rb + Rc
R1 =
Rb Rc
RT
R2 =
Ra Rc
RT
R3 =
Ra Rb
RT
RT = Ra + Rb + Rc
Thus,
Rb Rc
.
RT
RT
RT
RT
6.2
10
EXTERNAL LINKS
See also
Star-mesh transform
Let
RT = Ra + Rb + Rc
We can write the to Y equations as
R1 =
Rb Rc
RT
R2 =
Ra Rc
RT
Ra Rb
.
R3 =
RT
8 Notes
R1 R2 =
Ra Rb Rc2
RT2
R1 R3 =
Ra Rb2 Rc
RT2
R2 R3 =
Ra2 Rb Rc
RT2
[1] A.E. Kennelly, Equivalence of triangles and threepointed stars in conducting networks, Electrical World
and Engineer, vol. 34, pp. 413414, 1899.
[2] E.B. Curtis, D. Ingerman, J.A. Morrow, Circular planar
graphs and resistor networks, Linear Algebra and its Applications, vol. 238, pp. 115150, 1998.
R1 R2 +R1 R3 +R2 R3 =
R1 R2 + R1 R3 + R2 R3 =
(Ra Rb Rc )(Ra + Rb + Rc )
RT2
R1 R2 + R1 R3 + R2 R3 =
Ra Rb Rc
RT
Ra Rb Rc RT
R1 R2 + R1 R3 + R2 R3
=
,
R1
RT Rb Rc
R1 R2 + R1 R3 + R2 R3
= Ra ,
R1
which is the equation for Ra . Dividing (8) by (2) or (3)
(expressions for R2 or R3 ) gives the remaining equations.
References
William Stevenson, Elements of Power System Analysis 3rd ed., McGraw Hill, New York, 1975, ISBN
0-07-061285-4
10 External links
Star-Triangle Conversion: Knowledge on resistive
networks and resistors
Calculator of Star-Triangle transform
11
11.1
11.2
Images
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11.3
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