The first Institute of English

for Translating
Interpreting and Public Speaking
HAPSA et STUDIA
HAPSA et STUDIA in Indonesia
Hallo ! My name’s Rachmat Effendi. I’m a translator and
interpreter of English to and from bahasa Indonesia vice-
versa. I’m also a lecturer of English for translation and
interpreting study. Welcome to my presentation !. I’ve
been dedicating myself to the works of translation and
interpreting since more than twenty years ago. I’m very
happy to get in touch with you in this presentation to share
about knowledge and experience, especially about my
invention of English method for teaching and translation.

Nama saya Rachmat Effendi. Saya seorang Penerjemah

dan/atau Juru bahasa Inggris - Indonesia dan sebaliknya.
Saya juga pengajar bahasa Inggris untuk studi
penerjemahan dan kejurubahasaan. Selamat datang ke
presentasi saya. Saya telah mengabdikan diri dalam dunia
penerjemahan dan kejurubahasaan sejak lebih dari dua
puluh tahun yang lalu. Saya senang dapat berkenalan
dengan anda dalam presentasi ini untuk saling berbagi
pengetahuan dan pengalaman, terutama sekali mengenai
metode temuan saya dalam bidang pengajaran dan
penerjemahan bahasa Inggris.
It does not matter whether you are an English
Specialist or simply a new learner of English, a
professional instructor or an experienced translator or
interpreter, or a prospective student of translation or
only a voluntary English teacher, my presentation in
this opportunity will help you improve and develop your
English for different purposes, at least, this will make
you more informed about English, especially in the
field of translation and communication. Why so?

Tak perduli apakah anda seorang ahli atau spesialist

bahasa Inggris atau hanya sekedar pelajar pemula,
seorang instruktur profesional atau seorang penerjemah
atau juru bahasa yang berpengalaman, atau seorang
calon siswa penerjemah atau hanya seorang pengajar
sukarelawan, presentasi kali ini akan membantu
meningkatkan dan mengembangkan bahasa Inggris
anda untuk berbagai keperluan, paling tidak anda akan
lebih mengetahui seluk-beluk bahasa Inggris, terutama
dalam bidang terjemahan dan Komunikasi. Mengapa?
When many others, both linguists and English
Educational institutions, introduce and provide you with
the complexity of English, I do reversely, the simplicity of
it. When many books of English grammar introduce and
provide you with hundreds of structures of English
sentences, I do only one, as the root of all aspects of
English sentences, named SEM (Simplified English
Method), whose course is named SEIC (Simplified
English for Intensive Course).

Pada saat banyak orang, baik para ahli bahasa maupun

lembaga pendidikan bahasa Inggris memperkenalkan dan
menyediakan anda dengan konpleksitas bahasa Inggris,
Saya justru sebaliknya, simplifikasinya. Ketika banyak
buku grammar memperkenalkan ratusan rumus kalimat
bahasa Inggris, saya hanya memperkenalkan satu rumus
saja yang merupakan inti sari dari seluruh aspek kalimat-
kalimat bahasa Inggris, yang saya beri nama SEM
(Simplified English Method), yang kursusnya diberi nama
SEIC (Simplified English for Intensive Course).
 This substantial formula of English sentence is mainly distilled from
my teaching experience of English at many institutions, especially that
of my own, Hapsa et Studia English Institute. If you want to study in
depth about this specific formula, please just have the book “CARA
MUDAH MENULIS dan MENERJEMAHKAN” from the bookstores (i.e.
Gramedia) or just contact the publisher (Hapsa et Studia) for 30%
discount.

Revised Edition
Formula Kalimat Bahasa Inggris ini terutama saya dapatkan dari
pengalaman mengajar bahasa Inggris di berbagai lembaga, terutama
dari lembaga milik saya sendiri, yaitu Hapsa et Studia. Jika anda ingin
mempelajari formula khusus ini lebih mendalam, milikilah buku “CARA
MUDAH MENULIS dan MENERJEMAHKAN” ditoko-toko buku (antara
lain Gramedia) atau hubungilah penerbitnya (Hapsa et studia) untuk
mendapatkan diskon sebesar 30%.
 And if you get the book directly from me (the author) at the time of
attending my presentation or in a one-day workshop, which will be
held every month, you’ll get 40% discount. Hence, for your best
comprehension of writing and translation technique, please join the
workshop held by the institute, Hapsa et Studia or its affiliation close
to your living area. The fee of One-day Workshop is Rp 250.000,-
including the materials, lunch and certificate.

Second Edition
Dan Jika anda mendapatkan buku tersebut langsung dari saya
(pengarang) pada saat presentasi berlangsung atau dalam
workshop sehari, yang diselenggarakan setiap bulan anda akan
mendapatkan diskon sebesar 40%. Oleh karena itu, untuk lebih
memahami tehnik menulis dan menerjemahkan, ikutilah pelatihan
tersebut yang diselenggarakan oleh Hapsa et Studia atau afiliasinya
yang berdekatan dengan tempat tinggal anda. Biaya Pelatihan Satu
Hari adalah Rp 250.000,- termasuk materi, makan- siang dan
sertifikat.
 The book “CARA MUDAH MENULIS dan
MENERJEMAHKAN” provides you with a huge aspects of
English language that you did not recognize before. The
study approach focuses more on “HOW” aspect (Socio-
linguistics or communication approach based on cultural
agreement) and “WHY” (Psycho-linguistics or
communication approach based on Logic) rather than
“WHAT” ( communication approach based on Grammar
commonly used as the study materials at formal schools).

First Edition
Buku “CARA MUDAH MENULIS dan MENERJEMAHKAN”
tersebut memberi banyak informasi mengenai seluk beluk
bahasa Inggris yang sebelumnya tidak anda kenal.
Pendekatan belajarnya lebih terfokus pada “HOW’ /
BAGAIMANA” (Tata-Bahasa yang mengacu pada
kesepakatanb sosial) dan “WHY / MENGAPA” (Komunikasi
berdasarkan pendekatan logika) ketimbang unsur “WHAT /
APA” (Linguistik atau Grammar yang umumnya digunakan
sebagai bahan pelajari di sekolah-sekolah formal).
Now, let’s have a look at the overall aspects of
English study, named “SEIC Communication
Cycle”. However, you would of course be
overburdened with it, if only had to learn all. See
the following slide.

Sekarang, mari kita perhatikan semua aspek

pelajaran bahasa Inggris yang dinamakan “Siklus
Komunikasi SEIC”. Namun demikian, anda tentu
akan sangat terbebani jika harus mempelajari
seluruh aspek tersebut. Perhatikan slide berikut.
 COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE
COMMUNICATION TARGET 1. Linguistics COMMUNICATION MEDIA
IN PRIORITY 2. Socio-Linguistics
1. Grammatical Language
1. Message (The quality of idea) 3. Psycho-Linguistics 2. Lexical Language
3. Colloquial Language
2. Content (The quantity of idea) 4. Idiomatic Language
3. Form (Composition style) 5. Sign Language

COMMUNICATION STYLES TYPE OF COMMUNICATION

GLOBAL
1. Formal 1. Legal
COMMUNICATION
2. Technical
2. Semi - Formal WITH SEIC 3. Scientific
3. Informal 4. Popular
5. Popular-Scientific

STEPS OF COMMUNICATION IN INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION

TRANSLATING / NTERPETING COMMUNICATION OBJECTIVES ACCESS

1. Intra-lingual translating / 1. Communicative (to understand one’s 1. Data Input Comprehension

interpreting process
2. a. Inter-lingual translating /
. interpreting process
b. Inter-semiotic translating /
. interpreting process
3. Editing and Proof-reading
expression both written and spoken, and by Reading and Listening
to be understood by others)
2. Data Output Expression by
2. Grammatically correct (well-structured)
Writing and Speaking
3. Composed-effectively
(Composition & Style)
4. Artful (nice to read)
5. Perfect (very formal language)
 COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE
COMMUNICATION TARGET
In PRIORITY
Message (The quality of idea)
Linguistics
Socio-Linguistics
COMMUNICATION MEDIA
Grammatical Language
Wow… so many complicated matters to learn, right?.
Psycho-Linguistics

But look at this box.

Lexical Language
Content (The quantity of idea)
Colloquial Language
Form (Composition style) Idiomatic Language
Sign Language

This is the most substantial matters to learn for the

COMMUNICATION STYLES TYPE OF COMMUNICATION
GLOBAL Legal
Formal
COMMUNICATION Technical

purposes of both verbal and written communication.

Semi - Formal WITH SEIC Scientific
Informa
l Popular
Popular-Scientific

STEPS OF COMMUNICATION in INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION

TRANSLATING / INTERPETING COMMUNICATION OBJECTIVES ACCESS

For now, we are going to focus merely on these

Intra-lingual translating /
Communicative (to understand
interpreting process Data Input Comprehension
one’s expression both written and spoken,
Inter-lingual translating / by Reading and Listening
and to be understood by others)

subjects, only these subjects. And now, let’s move to

interpreting process
Inter-semiotic translating / Data Output Expression
Grammatically correct (well-structured)
interpreting process by Writing and Speaking
Composed-effectively (Composition & Style)

another image.
Editing and Proof-reading
Artful (nice to read)
Perfect (very formal language)

Wow… banyak sekali hal-hal yang rumit untuk dipelajari,

bukan begitu? Perhatikan kotak yang ada di samping kiri.

Ini adalah aspek-aspek yang paling penting untuk dipelajari

dalam berkomunikasi baik lisan maupun tulisan.

Dan mulai saat ini, kita akan ber-fokus semata-mata pada

subyek-subyek ini, hanya subyek-subyek ini. Dan sekarang
mari kita lihat gambar lainnya.
 COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURES

COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE
COMMUNICATION TARGET 1. Linguistics COMMUNICATION MEDIA
In PRIORITY
1. Linguistics 2. Socio-Linguistics 1. Grammatical Language
1. Message (The quality of idea) 3. Psycho-Linguistics 2. Lexical Language
2. Content (The quantity of idea) 3. Colloquial Language
3. Form (Composition style) 4. Idiomatic Language
2. Socio-Linguistics 5. Sign Language

COMMUNICATION STYLES
3. Psycho-Linguistics TYPE OF COMMUNICATION
GLOBAL
1. Formal 1. Legal
COMMUNICATION
2. Technical
2. Semi - Formal WITH SEIC 3. Scientific
3. Informal 4. Popular
5. Popular-Scientific
LINGUISTICS
Standard English Language
STEPS OF COMMUNICATION INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION
based on conventional agreement of linguists
in
TRANSLATING / ACCESS
COMMUNICATION OBJECTIVES
INTERPETING
1. Intra-lingual translatingSOSIO-LINGUISTICS
/ 1. Communicative (to understand one’s 1. Data Input Comprehension
interpreting process Non-Standard English Language
expression both written and spoken, and by Reading and Listening
based
2. a. Inter-lingual translating / on culturalto
comprehension
be understood by others) 2. Data Output Expression by
. interpreting process Writing and Speaking
2. Grammatically correct (well-structured)
PSYCHO-LINGUISTICS
b. Inter-semiotic translating /
3. on
Language based Composed-effectively
individual comprehension
. interpreting process
(Composition & Style)
3. Editing and Proof-reading 4. Artful (nice to read)
5. Perfect (very formal language)
 LINGUISTICS
Standard English Language
based on conventional agreement of linguists
S

SO
TIC

CI
IS

O-

SOSIO-LINGUISTICS
GU

LI

Non-Standard English Language

NG
N

based on cultural comprehension

-LI

UI
HO

ST

MESSAGE
I
YC

CS

PSYCHO-LINGUISTICS
Communication based on individual comprehension
PS

MESSAGE
LINGUISTICS The substance of communication
 Here is the Triangle of Communication Infrastructures, comprising
Linguistics or Standard English language based on the conventional
agreement of linguists, Socio-linguistics or non-standard English

SO
CS
Language based on cultural agreement or the comprehension of a
CI
TI

certain community, and Psycho-linguistics or Practice of

S

O-
UI

L Communication or Language Understanding based on individual

NG

IN
GU comprehension or one’s logic rather than knowledge. And you’ll be
I
-L

IS
HO

MESSAGE TI unable to build communication properly or effectively without

YC

CS
mastering or at least understanding all of those aspects, especially in
PS

writing and translating activities.

L I N G U I S T I CS

Ini dia Segitiga dari Infrastruktur Komunikasi, terdiri dari Linguistik atau
bahasa Inggris Baku berdasarkan kesepakatan konvensional para ahli
bahasa; Sosio- Linguistik atau bahasa Inggris tak standar yang
mengacu pada kesepakatan atau pemahaman budaya suatu
komunitas tertentu; dan Psiko-Linguistik atau Praktek Komunikasi
yang mengacu pada pendekatan psikologis atau pemahaman logika
seseorang ketimbang pengetahuan bahasanya. Dan pada dasarnya,
anda tidak akan mampu membangun komunikasi secara tepat atau
efektif tanpa menguasai atau setidaknya mengerti semua aspek
-tersebut, terutama dalam kegiatan menulis dan menerjemahkan.
None of us speaks totally in Linguistics, or otherwise, you’ll
seem so stiff at the time of building verbal communication.
But why shall we study Linguistics or Grammar in depth?
Linguistics is the standard of English language to maintain
communication from any deviation and to make it
understood by the communication agents, especially by
those of beginners.

Tidak seorangpun dari kita yang berbicara dengan

menggunakan Linguistik sepenuhnya, karena akan nampak
kaku pada saat berkomunikasi secara lisan. Tetapi mengapa
kita perlu mempelajari Linguistik atau Tata-bahasa secara
mendalam? Linguistik adalah Bahasa Inggris baku untuk
menjaga komunikasi agar tidak menyimpang dan mudah
dimengerti oleh para pelaku komunikasi, terutama oleh para
pemula.
Though not often, a new learner may probably say, ‘I am like’, while
he means ‘I like’. For instance “I am like monkey”, while he means
“I like monkey”. This happens, because he does not care about
Grammar or Linguistics. Hence, linguistics or grammar is really
significant in communication. Unfortunately, only a small number of
people speak linguistically in their day-to-day communication.
Linguistics is only the track of composing sentence, instead of the
content or the message of communication, and psycho-linguistics
is the logic of it.

Meskipun tidak terlalu sering, seorang siswa baru mungkin saja

mengatakan “ Saya seperti” sementara maksud sesungguhnya
ingin mengungkapkan “Saya menyukai”. Contohnya “ Saya seperti
monyet” sementara maksudnya adalah “ Saya menyukai monyet”.
Ini terjadi, karena seseorang tersebut tidak memiliki rasa
keperdulian terhadap Tata-bahasa atau Linguistik. Jadi, linguistik
atau Tata-bahasa sangat penting dalam komunikasi. Yang
disayangkan, hanya sedikit orang yang berkomunikasi sehari-hari
dengan menggunakan linguistik. Linguistik hanyalah jalur dalam
menyusun kalimat, bukan isi atau pesan komunikasi dan psiko-
linguistik adalah logikanya.
In other cases, when you describe something to someone, then he
responds: “I see..”. This means, “I understand”. When someone
says to another: “Please don’t see me bad!”. This means “Please
don’t think as if I were a bad person”. When he/she says: “I see
translation as a prospective career”. In other words: “I think or I’m
sure, translation is a prospective career”. Other examples: “I chair
my own business”. This means: “I run my private business”; But if
one says: “I chair him as the Director of this company”, this means:
“I appoint him as the Director of this company”. Those are all
named “socio-linguistics”.

Dalam kasus lain, ketika anda menggambarkan sesuatu pada

seseorang, lalu ia mengatakan: “ I see…”. maksudnya, “saya
mengerti”. Ketika seseorang mengutarakan pada orang lain: “Don’t
see me bad” , Maksudnya “Jangan berpikir seakan-akan saya
orang jahat”. Ketika ia mengatakan: “I see translation is a
prospective career”. Dengan kata lain dia bilang: “Saya yakin,
penerjemah adalah karir yang yang memiliki masa depan”. Contoh
lainnya: “I chair my own business”. Maksudnya: “Saya
berwiraswasta”; Tetapi jika seseorang mengatakan: “I chair him as
the Director in this company”, Maksudnya: “Saya menunjuk dia
sebagai Direktur Perusahaan ini”. Semua contoh di atas dinamakan
“sosio-linguistik”.
Concerning Psycho-linguistics, here I’m providing you with a
sample applying in daily communications.
My friend worked hard to get a certain target of work,
suddenly he shouted to himself, “O my God. My labor doesn’t
fruit at all…!!”. This means that he has failed to reach the
target. Hopefully, it’s enough to make you informed.

Mengenai Psiko-linguistik, saya disini menyuguhkan contoh

yang digunakan dalam komunikasi sehari-hari.
Seorang teman bekerja keras untuk mencapai tujuan dalam
pekerjaannya, tiba-tiba ia berteriak sendiri, “Ya Tuhan, Usaha
saya tidak membuahkan apapun…!!”. Maksudnya disini, ia
telah gagal dalam mencapai sasaran tersebut. Semoga
semua keterangan di atas cukup untuk membuat anda
mengerti.
 The Triangle of Communication Infrastructures as above
mentioned is used by Hapsa et Studia to trap the message of
SO
CS
communication. However, there are still many other
CI
TI

significant aspects involved in communication, like idioms,

S

O-
UI

L jargons, slangs, besides vocabularies in general and

NG

IN
GU
I

terminologies of specific subjects that you can learn yourself.

-L

IS
HO

MESSAGE TI Nevertheless, almost all of them are focused more on using

YC

CS
memory rather than logic.
PS

LINGUISTICS

Segitiga Infrastruktur Komunikasi yang disebutkan di atas

digunakan oleh Hapsa et Studia untuk menangkap pesan
komunikasi. Bagaimanapun, masih banyak aspek-aspek signifikan
lainnya yang terlibat dalam komunikasi, seperti idiom-idiom,
jargon-jargon, slang-slang, disamping perbendaharaan kata pada
umumnya dan terminologi-terminologi dari subyek-subyek tertentu
yang dapat anda pelajari sendiri. Sekalipun demikian, hampir
seluruh aspek-aspek tersebut lebih difokuskan dalam penggunaan
memori dibandingkan logika.
Meanwhile, all individual difficulties like articulation
and pronunciation can be learnt afterwards, as you
can’t force them to change. Each individual person
has its own style and difficulties. A Chinese person
speaks in its own style of English, likewise that of
Indian and other races. I’m sure, none of you learns
English to change your personality.

Sementara itu, semua kesulitan-kesulitan secara

individu seperti pengucapan atau cara melafalkan
dapat dipelajari berikutnya, karena anda tidak dapat
memaksanya untuk berubah. Setiap individu memiliki
gaya dan menghadapi kesulitannya masing-masing.
Orang Cina bercakap-cakap dalam gaya bahasa
Inggrisnya sendiri, begitu pula dengan orang India dan
bangsa-bangsa lainnya. Saya yakin, tidak seorangpun
diantara anda belajar bahasa Inggris untuk mengubah
kepribadian anda sendiri.
Now, let’s talk about English sentence formula or structure, and
this is another distinctiveness of SEM or SEIC. When many
others of linguists and/or English institutions recommend that
English learners memorize hundreds of structures of English
language, we do oppositely. Don’t memorize too many
structures of English, or otherwise, you would be confused, as
the capacity of human memory is very limited, even lower than
that of a flash-disc, let alone a computer. But human being is far
brainer and more nimble than a computer, as a computer can
only imitate a small part of the characteristics of human being.

Sekarang, mari kita berbicara tentang formula/rumusan atau

struktur kalimat Bahasa Inggris, dan ini merupakan keistimewaan
SEM atau SEIC. Sementara banyak ahli bahasa lainnya dan/atau
lembaga-lembaga Bahasa Inggris yang menganjurkan agar para
siswa yang belajar bahasa Inggris menghafal ratusan struktur
bahasa Inggris, kami melakukan kebalikannya. Jangan menghafal
terlalu banyak struktur bahasa Inggeris, atau kita akan menjadi
bingung, karena kapasitas memori/ingatan manusia sangat
terbatas, bahkan lebih rendah dari flashdisk/USB, apalagi sebuah
unit computer. Tetapi, manusia jauh lebih cerdas dan lebih cekatan
dibandingkan sebuah computer, karena sebuah computer hanya
dapat meniru sebagian kecil karakteristik dari manusia.
 ACTIVITY VERB (PREPOSITION) NOUN ADVERB
ADJECTIVE
NOUN (AUX. VERB) CONJUNCTION
TO + V1 / V + ING (ACTIVE)
STATUS / TOBE / EXCLAMATION
LINK ING VERB VERB III (PASSIVE)
CONDITION
SUBJECT PREDICATE COMPLEMENTARY OBJECT / EXCLAMATORY STATEMENT

Now, look at this example!. This is the basic formula of English

structure, which may develop into hundreds of newly derivative
structures. Nevertheless, there is only one structure of
sentence which two types of sentences – active and inactive.

Sekarang perhatikan contoh ini!. Ini formula dasar dari

kalimat bahasa Inggris, yang dapat berkembang menjadi
beratus-ratus struktur. Prinsipnya, hanya ada satu formula
kalimat yang dibagi menjadi dua jenis – aktif dan tidak
aktif [pasif].
 ACTIVITY VERB (PREPOSITION) NOUN
ADVERB
ADJECTIVE
NOUN (AUX. VERB) CONJUNCTION
TO + V1 / V + ING (ACTIVE)
STATUS / TOBE / EXCLAMATION
LINK ING VERB VERB III (PASSIVE)
CONDITION
SUBJECT PREDICATE COMPLEMENTARY OBJECT / EXCLAMATORY STATEMENT

VERBAL SENTENCE : (The Subject acts or does something or is active)

She employs many people

She will/can/may/ employ many people

must had
better /would
rather
She has employed many people
She is to employ many people
She is employing many people
She is employed by …
NOMINAL SENTENCE : (The Subject doesn’t have any activity or is inactive)

She is/ becomes a boss of many people

She is/ feels happy
She will/can/may/must be/ become a boss of many people
had better /would
rather
She will/can/may/must be/ become happy
had better /would
rather
She has been / become a boss of many people
She has been / felt happy
Human logic and intuition are unlimited. They are not trapped by
the brain not even by this universe. Human being with its intuition
can imagine all the parts of this universe and think faster than a
computer. You can imagine an object in a very distant location.
Once, you may think as if you were in a certain country, say in
London - England, suddenly, you move to California in America
within less than a second, then move again to Mecca in the Middle
East, imagining as if you were watching Ka’bah, then you fly to the
Sun. You can imagine and feel as if you were burnt out by the heat.
You can really feel it, as if it were real.

Logika dan intuisi manusia tidak terbatas. Logika dan intuisi tidak
terkurung oleh otak dan bahkan oleh alam semesta ini. Manusia
dengan intuisinya dapat mengkhayalkan semua bagian alam
semesta ini dan berpikir lebih cepat dari pada computer. Anda
dapat membayangkan suatu benda yang sangat jauh. Anda dapat
berhayal sedang berada di negara tertentu, katakanlah di London
– Inggris, tiba-tiba anda pindah ke California di Amerika dalam
waktu kurang dari satu detik, lalu pindah lagi ke mekkah di Timur
Tengah, berkhayal seolah-olah anda sedang menyaksikan Ka’bah,
lalu anda terbang ke Matahari. Anda dapat berkhayal dan
merasakan seakan-akan sedang terbakar oleh panasnya. Anda
dapat benar-benar merasakannya, seolah-olah hal itu nyata.
Teaching human being should be different from teaching other
God’s creatures like angels. However, although angel never
forgets even a bit of data, it can not create anything, except what
has God input into its memory, since it has no logic and intuition.
Human being is very forgetful, but it has logic and intuition to
think and create, even develop what it needs. That’s why God
created Adam. I created my own method to simplify English
language to make it easier to learn, as I resembled Adam, rather
than an angel, let alone a computer

Mengajar manusia harus berbeda dari mengajar ciptaan-ciptaan

Tuhan yang lainnya seperti malaikat. Tetapi, sekalipun malaikat
tidak pernah melupakan data sekecil apapun, ia tidak dapat
menciptakan apapun kecuali apa yang sudah dimasukkan oleh
Tuhan kedalam memorinya, karena malaikat tidak memiliki logika
maupun intuisi. Manusia adalah mahluk pelupa, tetapi memiliki
logika dan intuisi untuk berfikir dan menciptakan, bahkan
mengembangkan sesuatu yang dibutuhkannya. Itulah sebabnya
Tuhan menciptakan Adam. Saya menciptakan metode saya sendiri
untuk menyederhanakan Bahasa inggris agar lebih mudah
dipelajari, karena saya lebih mirip Adam , dibandingkan dengan
malaikat, apalagi sebuah perangkat computer.
 ACTIVITY VERB (PREPOSITION) NOUN
ADVERB
ADJECTIVE
NOUN (AUX. VERB) CONJUNCTION
TO + V1 / V + ING (ACTIVE)
STATUS / TOBE / EXCLAMATION
LINK ING VERB VERB III (PASSIVE)
CONDITION
SUBJECT PREDICATE COMPLEMENTARY OBJECT / EXCLAMATORY STATEMENT

VERBAL SENTENCE : The Subject acts or does something or is active

She employs many people
She will/can/may/must had better/ employ many people
would rather
She has employed many people

This is an example of verbal sentence, whose predicate is a real

verb, ‘employ’: “She employs many people” Pay heed to this
sentence. When you put any of the auxiliary verbs as shown here,
letter ‘s’ of the predicate disappears or changes into nominal verb
‘employ’. However, when the auxiliary verb is in the form of perfect
form ‘has’, the predicate changes into the third form ‘employed’.

Ini adalah contoh ka;limat verbal yang predikatnya adalah kata

kerja asli, ‘employ’ : “ Ia mempekerjakan banyak orang”. Simaklah
kalimat ini. Ketika anda mengunakan kata kerja bantu apapun
seperti ditunjukkan disini, huruf ‘s’ dari predikat hilang atau
berubah menjadi kata kerja asli ‘employ’. Selanjutnya, ketika kata
kerja bantu dalam bentuk sempurna ‘telah”, predikat berubah
menjadi bentuk ketiga ‘employed’.
 ACTIVITY VERB (PREPOSITION) NOUN
ADVERB
NOUN ADJECTIVE
(AUX. VERB) CONJUNCTION
TOBE / TO + V1 / V + ING (ACTIVE)
STATUS / EXCLAMATION
CONDITION LINK ING VERB VERB III (PASSIVE)

SUBJECT PREDICATE COMPLEMENTARY OBJECT / EXCLAMATORY STATEMENT

NOMINAL SENTENCE : The Subject doesn’t have any activity or is inactive

She is/ becomes a boss of many people
She is/ feels happy
She will/can/may/must had be/ become a boss of many people
better/would rather be/ feel happy
She has been / become a boss of many people
She has been / felt happy

Now look at this ‘Nominal Sentence’ The predicate is alterable,

whether in the form of ‘to be’ or ‘Linking Verb’. Here the predicate of
sentence is ‘is’ and ‘feel’ or ‘become’. If you put any of the auxiliary
verbs as shown here, the predicates ‘to be’ or ‘linking verb’ change
into the nominal forms ‘to be’ and/or ‘linking verbs’.

Sekarang perhatikan ‘Kalimat Nominal’ ini. Predikatnya dapat diubah,

apakah dalam bentuk ‘ to be’ atau ‘Kata Kerja Penghubung’. Disini
predikatnya adalah ‘is’ dan ‘feel’ atau ‘become’. Jika anda meletakkan
salah satu dari kata kerja bantu sebagaimana ditunjukkan disini,
predikat ‘to be’ atau ‘linking verb’. berubah menjadi bentuk ‘to be’
dan/atau ‘linking verbs’ yang asli.
 ACTIVITY VERB (PREPOSITION) NOUN
ADVERB
ADJECTIVE
NOUN (AUX. VERB) CONJUNCTION
TO + V1 / V + ING (ACTIVE)
STATUS / TOBE / EXCLAMATION
LINK ING VERB VERB III (PASSIVE)
CONDITION
SUBJECT PREDICATE COMPLEMENTARY OBJECT / EXCLAMATORY STATEMENT

VERBAL SENTENCE combines to NOMINAL SENTENCE

She is to employ many people
She is employing many people
She is employed by …

Next, if those two types of sentences are mixed together, the

newly-composed sentence becomes as follows:
Two-third of those sentences will be still active and one-third of it is
inactive. The first and second sentences are ‘active voices’, but the
third sentence is a ‘passive voice’.

Selanjutnya, jika kedua jenis kalimat tersebut digabungkan,

susunan kalimat baru tersebut akan berbunyi sebagai berikut:
Dua pertiga dari kalimat-kalimat tersebut akan tetap aktif dan
sepertiga lainnya adalah inaktif. Kalimat pertama dan kedua
‘berbentuk aktif’, tetapi kalimat ketiganya ‘berbentuk passive’.
 ACTIVITY VERB (PREPOSITION) NOUN
ADVERB
ADJECTIVE
NOUN (AUX. VERB) CONJUNCTION
TO + V1 / V + ING (ACTIVE)
STATUS / TOBE / EXCLAMATION
LINK ING VERB VERB III (PASSIVE)
CONDITION
SUBJECT PREDICATE COMPLEMENTARY OBJECT / EXCLAMATORY STATEMENT

VERBAL SENTENCE combines to NOMINAL SENTENCE

She is to employ many people

She is employing many people
She is employed by …

In the first sentence, ‘She is to employ…’, is to here means

irrevocable intention, the same as when you get a certificate
awarded by any institution, there is always a statement “THIS IS
TO CERTIFY”. In the second sentence, “She is employing…”,
‘ing form’ means ‘for a temporary being’. But in the third
sentence, “She is employed by….” is a passive voice.

Pada kalimat pertama, ‘Ia akan mempekerjakan…’, is to berarti

maksud yang tidak bisa dibatalkan, sama halnya ketika anda
mendapatkan sertifikat yang dianugerahkan oleh lembaga manapun,
selalu akan ada pernyataan ‘INI MENYATAKAN’ . Pada kalimat
kedua, “Ia mempekerjakan…”, ‘bentuk ing’ disini berarti ‘untuk
sementara waktu’. Tetapi kalimat ketiga,”ia dipekerjakan oleh…”
adalah ‘bentuk pasif’.
Now let’s practice our exercise. We start with Translation
Sample 1. Do your best to translate this English source into
bahasa Indonesia. The source of English text is perhaps non-
standard, but you are a translator, not a linguist. So you are not
in the capacity of correcting its grammatical or lexical aspects,
but simply to ‘CATCH THE MESSAGE’. It’s very simple to do
the translation exercise, as you only need to ‘click’ and ‘click’
again and again until you find the answer.

Sekarang mari kita kerjakan latihan. Kita mulai dengan Contoh

Terjemahan 1. Kerjakan sebaik mungkin untuk menerjemahkan
sumber materi berbahasa Inggris ini kedalam Bahasa Indonesia.
Teks ini mungkin tidak menggunakan Bahasa Inggris baku,
namun anda seorang penerjemah, bukan ahli bahasa. Jadi anda
tidak berada dalam kapasitas untuk mengoreksi aspek-aspek
tata-bahasa atau leksikalnya, namun hanya “MENANGKAP
PESANNYA” saja. Sangatlah sederhana mengerjakan latihan
penerjemahan ini, karena anda hanya perlu meng ‘klik’ dan ‘klik’
berulang-ulang sampai anda menemukan jawabannya.
Please translate this English REPORT into bahasa, which was
excerpted from a daily English news paper set in Indonesia. To
catch the message, just follow the instruction here below, and “Don’t
try to peep the answer”:
First, find out the subject of the sentence prior to doing translation,
then, find out the predicate; if it is an active sentence, the predicate
must be in the form of a verb or any word that explains an activity of
the subject. If it is an inactive sentence – stating about status or
condition, the predicate must be in the form of ‘to be’ or ‘linking
verb’.

Terjemahkanlah LAPORAN berbahasa Inggris ini kedalam bahasa

Indonesia, yang dikutip dari harian berbahasa Inggris yang terbit di
Indonesia. Untuk menangkap pesannya, ikutilah instruksi dibawah ini,
dan “Jangan coba mengintip jawabannya”:
Pertama, temukan subyek dari kalimat tersebut sebelum
menerjemahkannya, lalu, cari predikat-nya; jika kalimat aktif,
predikatnya tentu berbentuk verb/kata kerja atau kata apapun yang
menerangkan kegiatan suatu aktivitas dari subyek tersebut. Bila
merupakan kalimat tidak aktif – yang menyatakan tentang status atau
kondisi, predikat-nya tentu dalam bentuk ‘to be’ atau ‘linking verb/kata
kerja penghubung’.
 ACTIVITY VERB (PREPOSITION) NOUN
ADVERB
ADJECTIVE
NOUN (AUX. VERB) CONJUNCTION
TO + V1 / V + ING (ACTIVE)
STATUS / TOBE / EXCLAMATION
LINK ING VERB VERB III (PASSIVE)
CONDITION
SUBJECT PREDICATE COMPLEMENTARY OBJECT / EXCLAMATORY STATEMENT

DPR, after a three-day screening process through some lengthy selection hearings, conducted behind
closed doors concerning ambassadorial nomination, whose result was still wrapped up by the House
foreign affairs commission, seems to OK all the 20 ambassadorial nominees proposed by the
government.

Do You get the message?

 ACTIVITY VERB (PREPOSITION) NOUN
ADVERB
ADJECTIVE
NOUN (AUX. VERB) CONJUNCTION
TO + V1 / V + ING (ACTIVE)
STATUS / TOBE / EXCLAMATION
LINK ING VERB VERB III (PASSIVE)
CONDITION
SUBJECT PREDICATE COMPLEMENTARY OBJECT / EXCLAMATORY STATEMENT

DPR, after a three-day screening process through some lengthy selection hearings, conducted behind
closed doors concerning ambassadorial nomination, whose result was still wrapped up by the House
foreign affairs commission, seems to OK all the 20 ambassadorial nominees proposed by the
government.

DPR seems to OK all the 20 ambassadorial nominees

It’s very simple, right? And this is the complete sentence:

You may change the composition of sentence, but not the
structure.
Sederhana sekali, kan? Dan inilah kalimat lengkapnya:
Anda boleh merubah komposisi kalimatnya, tetapi bukan
strukturnya.

Now, look at its alternative answer :

Sekarang, lihatlah pilihan jawabannya
Alternatif terjemahan lengkapnya:
Setelah proses penyaringan selama tiga hari melalui beberapa kali rapat dengar pendapat, yang
dilaksanakan secara tertutup, berkaitan dengan pemilihan calon duta besar yang hasilnya masih
dirahasiakan oleh komisi urusan luar negeri parlemen, DPR nampaknya akan menyetujui keseluruhan
dari 20 calon duta besar yang diusulkan oleh pemerintah.
 Now, please try again another exercise – Translation Sample
2. Still from English into bahasa Indonesia. The material is
about IT. Just do it following the same steps.

Sekarang, silakan mencoba latihan lainnya – Latihan

terjemahan 2. Masih dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa
Indonesia. Materinya tentang IT. Silakan kerjakan seperti
langkah-langkah sebelumnya

ACTIVITY VERB (PREPOSITION) NOUN

ADVERB
ADJECTIVE
NOUN (AUX. VERB) CONJUNCTION
TO + V1 / V + ING (ACTIVE)
STATUS / TOBE / EXCLAMATION
LINK ING VERB VERB III (PASSIVE)
CONDITION
SUBJECT PREDICATE COMPLEMENTARY OBJECT / EXCLAMATORY STATEMENT

Meshing people directly with computers, from downloading memories into computer chips to replacing
robotic limbs controlled by brain waves, has virtually, for some people, been a science fiction subject for
years.

Do You get the message?

 ACTIVITY VERB (PREPOSITION) NOUN
ADVERB
ADJECTIVE
NOUN (AUX. VERB) CONJUNCTION
TO + V1 / V + ING (ACTIVE)
STATUS / TOBE / EXCLAMATION
LINK ING VERB VERB III (PASSIVE)
CONDITION
SUBJECT PREDICATE COMPLEMENTARY OBJECT / EXCLAMATORY STATEMENT

This is the answer.

And the complete sentence is as follows:

Inilah jawabannya.
Dan kalimat lengkapnya sebagai berikut :

Meshing people directly with computers, from downloading memories into computer chips to replacing
robotic limbs controlled by brain waves, has virtually, for some people, been a science fiction subject for
years.

Meshing people has been a science fiction subject

directly with
computers

Alternatif terjemahan lengkapnya:

Menghubungkan manusia langsung dengan komputer, mulai dari mendownload memori ke dalam chip-
chip komputer sampai pada upaya mengganti anggota tubuh robotik yang dikendalikan oleh gelombang
otak, nampaknya bagi sebagian orang telah menjadi keinginan/fiksi ilmiah selama bertahun-tahun
 Now, we do exercise to translate from bahasa Indonesia into
English – Translation Sample 3:
(In this Source text, there is no clear subject. However, you can
find the hidden subject lying before the complementary ‘adjective’
stating about the condition. An unidentified subject is always
represented by the pronoun ‘it’).

Sekarang kita mengerjakan terjemahan dari bahasa Indonesia ke

bahasa Inggris – Contoh terjemahan 3 :
(Pada sumber ini, tidak ada subjek yang tampak jelas.
Bagaimanapun, Anda dapat menemukan subjek tersembunyi
sebelum ‘kata sifat’ pelengkap, yang menyatakan kondisi.
Sebuah subjek yang tidak diketahui selalu ditunjukkan oleh kata
ganti ‘it’).
ACTIVITY VERB (PREPOSITION) NOUN
ADVERB
ADJECTIVE
NOUN (AUX. VERB) CONJUNCTION
TO + V1 / V + ING (ACTIVE)
STATUS / TOBE / EXCLAMATION
LINK ING VERB VERB III (PASSIVE)
CONDITION
SUBJECT PREDICATE COMPLEMENTARY OBJECT / EXCLAMATORY STATEMENT

“MOHON Doa Restu”

(Excerpted from “Translating Material Exercises” at Hapsa et Studia)

Selaras dengan kerendahan hati kami, kiranya akan sangat bermanfaat apabila tanda kasih yang
diberikan, tidak berupa karangan bunga atau cenderamata.
.
 ACTIVITY VERB (PREPOSITION) NOUN
ADVERB
ADJECTIVE
NOUN (AUX. VERB) CONJUNCTION
TO + V1 / V + ING (ACTIVE)
STATUS / TOBE / EXCLAMATION
LINK ING VERB VERB III (PASSIVE)
CONDITION
SUBJECT PREDICATE COMPLEMENTARY OBJECT / EXCLAMATORY STATEMENT

So the answer is alternatively as follows:

Jadi, alternatif jawabannya sebagai berikut :

“MOHON Doa Restu”

(Excerpted from “Translating Material Exercises” at Hapsa et Studia)

Selaras dengan kerendahan hati kami, kiranya akan sangat bermanfaat apabila tanda kasih yang
diberikan, tidak berupa karangan bunga atau cenderamata.

it would be very priceful /beneficial/ valuable

Your present/ token were not in the form of bouquet nor gift
of love

Alternatif terjemahan lengkapnya (modifiable):

In line with our humbleness, it would be very beneficial if your present / token of love were not in the
form of bouquet nor gift.
Those are all the exercises we can provide you here for the time
being. However, if you think that you need to study more about
translation or develop and improve your translation and teaching skills,
you may get huge of translation materials and hundreds of exercises
the same as those above samples by ways of as follows :

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 The first Institute of English
for Translating
Interpreting and Public Speaking
HAPSA et STUDIA
HAPSA et STUDIA in Indonesia
 The first Institute of English
for Translating
HAPSA et STUDIA Interpreting and Public Speaking
in Indonesia
HAPSA et STUDIA

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 The first Institute of English
for Translating
Interpreting and Public Speaking
HAPSA et STUDIA
HAPSA et STUDIA in Indonesia

www.hapsa-studia.com
info@hapsa-studia.com

Please, continue to the following lesson