Conditional Sentence

Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses.

They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only
take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled.
Conditional Sentences juga dikenal dengan nama Conditional Clause atau Ifclause. Conditional Sentence digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa tindakan
yang didalam main clause hanya dapat terjadi jika kondisi didalam if clause
terpenuhi (seperti pengandaian).
Example :
If I have enough money, I will go to Japan
If clause
Main clause
I would buy you a present, if I won a lottery.
Main clause
If clause
There are three types of Conditional Sentences.

1. Type 1
Form
First-type conditionals
If clause

Main

If + Present tense

Future tense

Function
Conditional Sentences Type I refer either to present or to future time.
An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled
by that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition actually will
be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic so we
think it is likely to happen (possible to happen).

 Examples
If I find her address, I will send her an invitation.
(Fact : I want to send an invitation to a friend. I just have to find
her address. I am quite sure, however, that I will find it)
If John has the money, he will buy a Ferrari.
(Fact : I know John very well and I know that he earns a lot of
money and that he loves Ferraris. So I think it is very likely that
sooner or later he will have the money to buy a Ferrari.)
o The main clause can also be at the beginning of the
sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.
Example:
I will send her an invitation if I find her address.
o Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative.
See Simple Present und will-Future on how to form
negative sentences.
Example:
If I dont see him this afternoon, I will phone him in the evening.

2. Type 2
Form
Second-type conditionals
If clause

Main or conditional clause

If + Past tense

would + Infinitive

 Function
Conditional Sentences Type II refer to situations in the present. An
action could happen if the present situation were different. I don't really
expect the situation to change, however. I just imagine what would
happen if (impossible to happen).

Examples
If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
(Fact : I would like to send an invitation to a friend. I have looked
everywhere for her address, but I cannot find it. So now I think it
is rather unlikely that I will eventually find her address.)
If John had the money, he would buy a Ferrari.
(Fact : I know John very well and I know that he doesn't have
much money, but he loves Ferraris. He would like to own a Ferrari
(in his dreams). But I think it is very unlikely that he will have the
money to buy one in the near future.)
o The main clause can also be at the beginning of the
sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.
Example:
I would send her an invitation if I found her address.
o Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative.
See Simple Present und will-Future on how to form
negative sentences.
Example:
If I had a lot of money, I wouldnt stay here.

3. Type 3
Form

Third-type conditionals
If clause

Main or conditional clause

If + Past
Perfect tense

would have + past participle

Function
Conditional Sentences Type III refer to situations in the past. An
action could have happened in the past if a certain condition had been
fulfilled. Things were different then, however. We just imagine, what
would have happened if the situation had been fulfilled. (unreal)

Examples
If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
(Fact : Sometime in the past, I wanted to send an invitation to a
friend. I didn't find her address, however. So in the end I didn't
send her an invitation.)
If John had had the money, he would have bought a Ferrari.
(Fact : I knew John very well and I know that he never had much
money, but he loved Ferraris. He would have loved to own a
Ferrari, but he never had the money to buy one.)
o The main clause can also be at the beginning of the
sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.
Example:
I would have sent her an invitation if I had found her address.
Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative.
See Simple Present und will-Future on how to form negative
sentences.
Example:
If I hadnt studied, I wouldnt have passed my exams.

Remember!
1. The conditional construction does not normally use will or would in ifclauses. EXCEPTION: If will or would express willingness, as in
requests, they can be used in if-clauses.
e.g. If you will come this way, the manager will see you now.
I would be grateful if you would give me a little help.
(= please, come this way; please, give me...)
2. For the second conditional, were replaces was:
If I were a rich man...
3. After if, we can either use "some(-one, -where...)" or "any(-one,
-where...).
If I have some spare time next weekend....or :
If I have any spare time...
4. Instead of if not, we can use unless.
e.g. I'll be back tomorrow unless there is a plane strike.
He'll accept the job unless the salary is too low.
5. There is a "mixed type" as well, for the present results of an unreal
condition in the past:
If + Past Perfect - would + inf.
If you had warned me [then], I would not be in prison [now].

Modal verbs
Certain verbs are often used in conditional sentences.
Must
Can
May
Will
Shall

Example If-clause

Ought
Could
Might
Would
Should

 If I advise her about travelling by plane with children, will she listen
to me?
If the student had got enough sleep, she wouldn`t have
faced difficulties in reading the material.
Your sister won`t be nice to you if you dont stop yelling at her.
If I were you, I would look for my passion to find a new career.
If you got a bunch of money, would you spend it on stupid things?
It would be fun if the button to lower volume on my PC could work
properly.
If the student had listened and followed the instructions carefully, he
wouldnt have broken an dessicator.
She wouldn`t have ignored your calls if you had reply her text
message fast.
If you had been sick, you would have taken some medicine.
If he doesn`t have the book, I will borrow it in my university library.
The hotel front desk clerk won`t offer you special price room rates if
you dont ask.
You will make your parents sad if you aren`t responsible for your life.
If our friend hadnt forgotten to renew his visa, he wouldn`t have run
away .
Unless it snows, the pavements will not be slippery.
The manager will double your current income if you can stay focused
when working from home.
Were I rich, I would send my son to study overseas.
If you had a sister, would you share clothes with her?
If I could read his mind, I wouldnt let him touch my PC.
It would be greatly appreciated if you returned the form as soon as
possible.
Your parents wouldnt be angry if you didn`t lie to them.
If I won a god medal at the international physics olympiad, I could
get admision in some universities without test.
Sumber :
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences
http://www.tesol-direct.com/guide-to-english-grammar/conditional-sentences
http://www.wordsmile.com/contoh-soal-conditional-sentence