CONTENTS

SD BLOCKING- REASON & SOLUTION

SD DROP- REASON & SOLUTION
TCH BLOCKING & TASR- REASON & SOLUTION
TCH DROP- REASON & SOLUTION
HOSR- REASON & SOLUTION
TBF FAILURES-REASON & SOLUTION
900-1800 TRAFFIC
CELSEL-RESEL

SD Blocking

SD blocking means that you are not getting SD resource for the call origination. When MS connects with
NW then RACH and AGCH are provided. After AGCH,SDCCH is provided but if SDCCH is not provided at this
time due some problems or due to unavailable of SD by BSC ,its called as SD Blocking. There are no of
reasons for that.If such a case arises the customer will not be able to originate any call.
Difference Between Blocking and Congestion
It is very important to know difference between blocking and congestion. If all the SD resources are full
and not available for SD assign then its come into congestion. If at a particular time call is attempted and
it fails then it known as Blocking.
Reasons for SD Blocking
Some of them are- LAC boundary. HW Prob.
Solutions for removal of SD Blocking
Here are some steps by which we can reduce SD Blocking- Check the No. of SDCCH channel Available, if
less then increase SD channel taking care that there is no TCH Blocking. Check LAC boundary, If location
update is more then change the LAC of that site and set C2 and HYS. Use of Dynamic SDCCH (It is a BSC
parameter and will be applied on whole BTS). Hardware check / shift SD to new time slot Some times BMA
and HYS parameters are useful to remove SD Blocking. Overshooting Cell Optimization,T200S

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SD Drop
As per diagram shows when we assigned SD for call origination and at that time due to some
problem or any mismatch comes by which SD loss occurs, it is called as SD Drop. It occurs
between allocation of SD and before TCH allocation. Sometimes SD drop occurs because queuing
is not activated in the system. If SD drop is high plz look on parameters like- overshooting , shift
the SD time slot , may be hardware issue, interference, PMAX, may be issue of uplink or
downlink issue in that cells for UL put a TMA in that cell and for DL provide tilt ,re orient that
antenna
If SD Drop is high
If SD drop is high plz look on parameters like- Overshooting Shift the SD time slot Hardware
issue Interference Change the values of PMAX It may be uplink or downlink issue in which cells
for UL put a TMA in that cell and for DL provide tilt Re orient that antenna
Reasons of SD Drop
Hardware Fault. Interference. MAIO mismatch. Bad Coverage. High TR Fail. Outage.
Overshooting. Abis Drop. High Path Loss. Wrong Parameter Planning. Due to ICM Band(CDMA)
High LAPD Utilization Heavy blocking and DR feature being used extensively
Solutions for removal of SD Drop
Interference: Check the BCCH Plan (C/I or C/A). Co-BSIC & Co BCCH. MapInfo to find out proper
frequency to reduce interference.
Arrange Drive Test: The best way to find the real issues for Interference makes DT. Check
interference by Interference scanning. Check clean BCCH by frequency scanning.
Overshooting: LAC Planning. If a cell is picking call from long distance, Check the sample log
according to TA. Cell orientation need to be defined according to clutter. Mount position Effective
Tilt.
High TR Fail: Check and clear TR fail from OSS end. Bad Coverage: If the drop call is due to low
signal strength uplink, check the receive path of this particular TRX. Check receiver sensitivity,
VSWR, feeder connection and etc. Drops due to Low Signal Strength. If the drop call reason is
due to low signal strength downlink, then, check the transmit path. Check cards, feeder and etc.
Use MapInfo or Google Earth to find location of sites.
High LAPD Utilization: Check LAPD util report from OSS, and define 32 kbps signaling instead
of 16kbps Hardware Fault: Check Alarms. TRX condition. Check Path Imbalance. VSWR of the
Cell. Connector Connection. Some times you will find issues on BCCH TRX.In this case BCCH shift
from one to other TRX will reduce SD drop.
Due to ICM Band(CDMA): Some time SD drops takes place due to near sites of CDMA. Check
the ICM band value of that site. Use BPF (Band pass filter). Use the spectrum analyzer.
Check for parameter: Check the Timer T 3101 Check the Timer T 200(20ms) T11 Expired(10
s) MAIO check.
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TCH Blocking
When TCH is not allocated to the user after SD allocation ,it is TCH Blocking. It is
the failed call attempts which the MS user can notice. It takes place due to lack of
TCH Resource.
Reasons for TCH Blocking
Some of them are- High Utilization of TCH Time slot faulty. Lock TRXs. HW Problem.
Solutions for removal of TCH Blocking
Implement half rate or Dual rate. Check triggering of Half rate. Add another TRX.
If TRX addition not possible, try to share the traffic of that cell with the
neighboring cell by changing tilt or orientation.
TCH Assignment
Its a process of by which TCH is assigned to the MS. After the SD request MS gets
TCH successfully and the call transfers to TCH it means TCH assignment is
successful. For the best KPI TCH assignment should tend to 100%. It degrades due
to HW problems.
Reasons for TCH Assignment failure
Hardware Fault(TRXs,Combiner,Duplexer,Cables) VSWR High Path Loss. Faulty
TMA. High TCH Blocking. Loose connections. DR being used extensively
Solutions for removal of TCH Assignment
Clear VSWR IF TRXs are faulty lock them and try to replace them soon to avoid
blocking Path Imbalance clear. Connection from BTS to Antenna Connector
connection Check TMA. Check Duplexer,Combiner,TRXs connections,Multicoupler
etc.& Check Hardware
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TCH Drop
Drop during conversation is known as TCH drop. It takes place after connect ACK msg on
TCH.TCH drop occurring. For TCH drop first cross check the BCCH of that cell, hardware
issue may be, change RXP and RLT value. Find out there is any interference ,neighbor
defined.
Reasons for TCH Drop
Wrong Parameter Planning. BAD HOSR. Hardware Fault. High TR Fail. Overshoot. Outage.
Due to Low Coverage. Due to ICM Band(CDMA)
Solutions for removal of TCH Drop
Check Parameter: Check the BCCH Plan (C/I or C/A). Co-BSIC & Co BCCH. Check the
Timer T 100(should be 20 ms) Check Overshooting: If a cell is picking call from long
distance, Check the sample log according to TA.. Site Orientation. Effective tilt should be
check. Mount position should be check
Improve HOSR: Check the Hopping plan. Check the Neighbor Plan High TR Fail: Check
and clear TR fail from oss end.
Bad Coverage: If the drop call is due to low signal strength uplink, check the receive
path of this particular TRX. Check receiver sensitivity, VSWR, feeder connection and etc.
Drops due to Low Signal Strength. If the drop call reason is due to low signal strength
downlink, then, check the transmit path. Check cards, feeder and etc. Use MapInfo or
Google Earth to find location of sites. Effective tilt should be check. Mount position should
be check.
Check HW: Check Alarms on site. Check TRXs. Check Slips. Check the Hopping plan.
Check BB2F card. Check VSWR, Path imbalance. Connector Connection. Check TMA
Drop Reason because of HW Issues: if drops are only on one site, then go for a check
for that particular even attach with that site. If drops are on all sites connected to a single
link, then check the slip or interference on that Abis interface. If Drops are distributed on
all site of the BSC, then check the slips on A-ter. Down Time of the cell. TRX condition.
BTS should not getting the temperature alarm continuously.
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HOSR
If HOSR will be good TCH drop will also be good. If Handover success rate
degrades call drop rate will take place.
Reasons for HOSR
Improper Neighbor planning. CO-BCCH-BSIC issues in Neigh. Parameter
Check. HSN clash. SL value. LAC boundary. DAC value mismatch. Syn
mismatch. Overshoot. HW Issues. Low Coverage
Solutions for removal of HOSR
Arrange Drive Test: The best way to find the real issues for HO fail make
DT and check layer 3 msg gor HO fail.By DT it is very easy to find the fail
between cells. Neighbor Tuning: Try to retune neighbors Avoid CO-BCCHBSIC neighbors. Avoid extra neighs. Delete long distance neighs. Check
neighs are defined form both ends. If there are high fail delete and recreate
neighs.
Parameter Check: Retune SL.It can change bw -90,-95,-105. Check HSN.
Check SYN. Retune LDR, LUR, IDR, IUR. Retune LMRG, QMRG, PMRG. Check
DAC value. If DAC value is high or low tune it at the TH value. It should be
2048.
Overshoot: When neighs are far away then chances of HO fail increases.
In this case ping-pong HI takes place by which fail takes place. So it the
inter distance is high its batter to del that kind of neigh. LAC BoundaryCheck LAC boundry. High fail takes place there will be Inter BSC cells. High
fail takes place there will be Inter MSC cells. Define proper LAC in neigh
cells.
HW Issues: Clear HW issues. Check TRXs. Check outages. Check Hw.
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TBF FAILURE
Generally happens due to Poor RF conditions & due to congestion/Blocking.
Solutions for removal of TBF failure
Congestion:In case of congestion need to increase the PDCH timeslots for congestion removal.
Faulty Timeslot BCCH TRX:In case of faulty time slot can shift the timeslot in next TRX.
Preemption: In case if cell there having less TCH congestion Preemption can a possible solution to reduce Drops
Timer:Tuning of T3191,T3193,T3195
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900-1800 TRAFFIC
In General 900 used as coverage and 1800 used as capacity.
Possible Solutions
Can tune Layer threshold parameter.
Can play with Rxlevmin in 900 & 1800.
Tuning of C2 parameter in same band.
Physical opti of 900 &1800 band.
Load Balance 900 to 1800.
Change in handover margin parameters.
TRX addition in case of Blocking
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CBQ
HIGH
HIGH
LOW
LOW

Behavior of MS for different combinations of CBQ and CB

CB
At cell selection
NO
NORMAL
YES
BARRED
NO
LOW
YES
LOW

CBQ-Cell Bar Qualify

CB-Cell Bar Access
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CBQ and CB
At cell reselection
NORMAL
BARRED
NORMAL
NORMAL