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Analisis Pondasi

FOUNDATION ANALYSIS

1. INTRODUCTION
The purpose of foundation analysis is to acquire a capable foundation system for
supporting load from upper structure. This analysis including soil investigation result
and calculation of foundation bearing capacity.

Foundation Analysis

2.

FOUNDATION ANALYSIS

Modelling of pile foundation

(a) Pile Axial Bearing Capacity

(b) Lateral Bearing Capacity

(c) Group Pile


Modelling of Pile Foundation

Foundation Analysis

Typical Load-Settlement Curve (Ref. 7)

Typical Load Distribution Curve (Ref. 7)

Foundation Analysis

Axially Loaded Pile (Ref. 7)

Failure Scheme at Pile Tip (Vesic, 1967)

a) Prandtl, Reissner, Caquot, Buisman, Terzaghi


4

Foundation Analysis

b) De Beer, Jaky, Meyerhof


c) Berezantsev dan Yarohenko, Vesic
d) Bishop, Hill dan Mott, Skempton, Yassin dan Gibson

Axial Pile Capacity


In general, the ultimate axial capacity of driven pile can be obtained by a simply
equation as the sum of the Skin Friction Resistance plus the End Bearing Capacity,
or:
Qu Qs Q p ...............................................................................................(1)

Where,
Qu = the ultimate pile capacity
Qp = the ultimate end bearing capacity
Qs = the ultimate skin friction resistance
The contribution of soil cohesion for the ultimate skin friction resistance could be
obtained by the following formula:
n

Qs cu i l i p ......................................................................................(2)
i 1

Where,
Qs = contribution of soil cohesion, c for ultimate skin friction resistance

= adhesion factor

cu-i = undrained soil cohesion at layer-i


li

= length of pile segment along layer-i

= perimeter of pile

Adhesion factor for driven pile can be obtained from Error: Reference source not
found that is published by API Method - 2 (1974).

Foundation Analysis

Adhesion factor, (API Method - 2, 1986)

Average unit frictional resistance of pile that is driven in sand layer can also be
calculated based on formula derived by Meyerhof as follow:
Qs 2 N As (kN ) .........................................................................................(3)

Where,
N

= average N-SPT value for the total embedded length of the pile

As = total circumferential surface area of the pile (m2)


Ultimate end bearing capacity of driven pile for cohesive soil can be calculated by
Meyerhofs formula as follow:
Qu 9 Cu Ap

................................................................................................(4)

Where,
Cu = Undrained cohesion (ton/m2 or kN/m2)
Ap = area of pile tip (m2)
Ultimate end bearing capacity of driven pile for sandy soil or silt soil can be
calculated by Meyerhofs formula as shown in Eq (5) and (6), respectively:
Qu 40 N Ap

...............................................................................................(5)

Qu 30 N Ap ...............................................................................................(6)

Where,
Qp = ultimate pile bearing capacity (ton)
Ap = area of pile tip (m2)
6

Foundation Analysis

= presented suitable N-SPT value for the soil above and below pile tip

In the calculation, unplug (open-ended) and plug (closed-ended) as shown in Error:


Reference source not found are also considered by checking using the following
equations:
fi Ai q p A' p

(pile will be plug).................................................................(7)

fi Ai q p A' p

(pile will be unplug).............................................................(8)

Where,
fi

= inner unit skin friction

Ai

= inner pile shaft area

qp = unit pile point end bearing

Ap = end-bearing area of pile plug = d i2 / 4


di

= inner pile diameter

Condition of Open-Ended (Unplug) and Closed-Ended (Plug)

Allowable bearing capacity of pile is calculated by the following formula:


Qallowable

Qu
SF .................................................................................................(9)

Where SF = 3

Foundation Analysis

Analysis was performed for based on two (2) borelogs data, BH-1 and BH-2. Based
on N-SPT data, the maximum depths for pile penetration are approximately between
15 m and 18 m.
Bearing capacity analysis is needed in order to determine the number of pile
foundation on each point. The graphics of pile penetration vs. axial bearing capacity
can be seen from following figure.

Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Minipile JP-320 on BH1

Foundation Analysis

Bearing Capacity of Minipile JP-320 on BH2


Length of Foundation

No
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

Gedung
Rectorate
Staff Rectorate
Multi Purpose Hall
Library
Laboratory
Workshop
Classroom
Dean House
Vice Dean House
Lecturer Apartment
Staff Apartment
Dormitory Comunal
Space
Dormitory Bedroom
Sport Facility
Clinic
Canteen
Gate

Qp
ton
7.8
4.7
7.8
7.8
4.7
7.8
7.8
45.2
45.2
45.2
4.7

Qs
ton
49.9
39.9
49.9
49.9
39.9
49.9
49.9
72
72
72
44.5

L
m
18
10
18
18
10
18
18
6
6
6
15

7.8
7.8
4.7
7.8
6.2
7.8

49.9
49.9
39.9
33
38.4
33

18
18
10
6
9
6

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