HIP AND PELVIS

Bones
-Standinga. Iliac crests
- Palpate with thumbs inferior to
umbilicus
b. ASIS
- Lateral to iliac crests, follow downward
curve of crests to ASIS
c. PSIS
- Follow downward curve of crests
- Broader, sturdier, rougher than ASIS
d. Greater trochanter of femur
- Thumb on iliac crest
- Middle finger at lateral aspect of thigh
- Instruct client to stand on opposite
side of leg, passively rotate the test
limb
e. Fold of the buttocks
- Prominent when standing
-Supinef.
-

Rami of Pubic Bones

Ask to identify top of pubic bone with
thumbs
- Place extended hand on abdomen w/
fingers pointing toward pubis
- Slide hand down , middle finger
contacts symphysis, adjacent fingers
rami
g. Inguinal ligament
- Palpate ASIS medially to pubic
tubercle
h. Superior aspect of pubic symphysis
- Identify pubic bones with thumbs
- Place hand on abdomen fingers
pointing towards pubis
- Slide hand down middle finger contact
symphysis, other fingers contact rami
i.
-

Pubic Tubercle
Palpate on upper border of pubis at
level of genitalia

-Prone or Sittingj.
-

Spinous process of sacrum

Palpate at upper part of cleft between
buttocks
- Bump at the top of buttocks
k. Coccyx

Anterior surface in mid cleft of

buttocks, at the periphery of anal
canal

-Sitting, Side Lying, Standingl.

Ischial Tuberosity
Sitting: buttock area, directly in
contact with seat
Side lying: flex hip/knee, along buttock
area
Standing: partner in front of table,
bend forward at waist, flex hip
(support weight with hand)

Muscles
-Pronea. Gluteus Maximus
- Resist hip extension and lateral
rotation
b. Hamstrings
- Resist hip extension and internal
rotation
- Repeat with resistance
c. Quadratus Femoris
- Finger between ischial tuberosity and
greater trochanter
- Resist external rotation

-Supined. Sartorius
- Position clients leg towards hip
flexion, knee flexion, external rotation
- Resist knee flexion
e. Tensor Fascia Lata
- Bring leg up, 70 deg flex, internally
rotated
- Resist knee flexion and internal
rotation
f. Pectineus
- Palpating finger on medial part of
thigh
- Instruct to flex hips with adduction and
external rotation
- Stop before legs are crossed
- Provide resistance
Sitting
g. Psoas Major

Palpate firmly at waist between lower

ribs and iliac crest
- Instruct to flex hip and raise foot on
floor
- Resist hip flexion
h. Adductor Muscle group
- Press knees together against
resistance

Supine, knee extended

h. Patella

Standing or side- lying

i.
-

Gluteus medius
Lateral to iliac crest and greater
trochanter
Resist abduction

Prone or side-lying
j.
-

Piriformis
Posterior to greater trochanter
Resist external rotation

Muscles
-Supinea. Rectus Femoris
- slightly flex hip
- palpate triangular area between Sartorius
length and tensor fascia latae
b. Vastus intermedius
- grasp and lift rectus femoris
- beneth rectus femoris

KNEE COMPLEX
Bones
-Sit, knee flexed at 90 dega.
b.
c.
d.
-

Femoral Condyles
From patella, move laterally/ medially
Tibiofemoral joint line
Depression, inferior from condyles
To check rotate tibia
Tibial tuberosity
Inferior from patella
Roughened area
Tibial crest
From tuberosity, palpate sharp edge
down to ankle
e. Medial collateral ligament
- From tf joint line anterior aspect, move
medially, until tf joint line is
obstructed
f. Medial meniscus
- Internal rotation of tibia
- Anterior to MCL
Cross leg position
g. Lateral collateral ligament
- Finger on lateral condyle of femur,
finger on fibular head
- Move two together

-Sittingc. Vastus lateralis

- below greater trochanter
d. Vastus medialis
- distal portion visible and may be palpated
on lower third of thigh, medial aspect
-Pronee. Biceps femoris
- resist knee flexion and lateral rotation
f. Semitendinosus
- resist knee flexion and medial rotation
- more prominent tendon
g. Semimembranosus
- below semitendinosus, approach laterally or
medially
- biggest muscle bulk

Muscle

LEG, ANKLE AND FOOT

Bones

-Prone-

-Sitting, feet flat on floor-

a. Gastrocnemius

a. Medial Malleolus

- knee joint fully extended

- anteromedial shaft of tibia

- resist plantarflexion

b. Sustentaculum tali

b. Soleus

- move 1 inch posterior from navicular

tuberosity or from head of talus move
posteriorly and towards plantar

- knee joint flexed to 90 degrees

- resist plantarflexion and inversion
-Roll under ankle-

- shelf on which talum sits

* all three in distal medial leg

- medial

c. Tibialis Posterior

c. Navicular tuberosity

- tendon palpable and visible

- proximal from first cuneiform

- closest to medial malleolus

d. Head of Talus

e. Dome of Talus

- plantarflex (at ankle joint) and invert foot

(tarsal joint) ----- tendon will be seen apply
resistance if needed

- passively plantarflex foot

d. Flexor Digitorum Longus

- distal to articulation between talus and tibia

- most exposed

f. first cuneiform

- tendon palpable and visible

- proximal to base of 1st metatarsal on medial

and dorsal sides- joint line- proximal to that
1st cuneiform

- resist flexion of toes 2-5

- directly posterior to navicular

e. Flexor Hallucis Longus

- resist flexion of big toe

g. lateral malleolus

-Side Lying-

- lateral side of ankle region

f. Peroneus longus and brevis

h. calcaneus

- resist eversion feel longus, on either side

of this is brevis

-medial side to posterior side of foot

i. 5th metatarsal tuberosity

*note: palpate lateral fibula and evert foot

- lateral tuberosity

-Supineth

- styloid process, expanded base of 5 that

flares out
j. metatarsal heads and shafts
k. sinus tarsi
- overlied by depression in distal and
anteromedial to lateral malleolus
- apply pressure medially and inferiorly

g. Tibialis Anterior
- resist dorsiflexion and inversion
*note: look for tendon first
h. Extensor Hallucis Longus
- resist extension of big toe at MTP and IP
joints
i. Extensor Digitorum Longus

- resist extension of toes 2-5 at MTP and IP

joints

j. Plantar Aponeurosis (Plantar Fascia)