Muhammad Faizan Ali/DMC/Semester 4/Syllabus/Page 1 of 8

GIT and Liver Module (8 weeks)

Gross Anatomy
Introduction & divisions of GIT + abdominal
quadrants

Embryo/Histo
Development of GIT
(derivatives of fore
gut)

Anterior abdominal wall

Division of abdomen into regions and
quadrants and their contents
W
E
E
K

Inguinal canal

Esophagus +general
plan (Histo lab)
General histological
plan of G.I.T +
Esophagus

Peritoneum
Stomach histology

Overview of peritoneal Cavity & peritoneal

reflections + vertical disposition

W
E
E
K

Blood supply of GIT

Abdominal aorta (+blood supply of
abdomen)

Ingestion of food
(mastication reflex)
Functions of the smooth
muscle and their
electrical properties

Development of GIT
(derivatives of
midgut and hindgut)
Stomach (Histo lab)

Peritoneum- horizontal disposition

Large intestine Histo
Small and large intestines and their
comparison

Patho/Micro
Patho: Diseases
of salivary gland
(non-tumors &
tumors)

Over view of
Digestion and
Absorption of
carbohydrates,
lipids and proteins

Patho: Motor
disorders,
varices,
esophagitis &
Baretts

Composition of
Peritoneal fluid in
relation to
Peritoneal Dialysis

Patho: Acute and

Chronic gastritis

Pharma
-

Misc.
Skills Lab:
Introduction
to
abdominal
examination

Nervous and hormonal

control of GIT

Motor Functions Of
Esophagus &Stomach
Gastric secretion
(function, composition
and regulation)
Secretions of Small and
Large intestines

Small intestine Histo

2

Biochem
Use of colorimeter
for diagnosis of
diseases (Relate
with Kit methods)

Secretions of saliva
(composition, function
and regulation)

Esophagus (Abdominal Part), Stomach

Duodenum and pancreas

Physio
Introduction to the
digestive system

Movements of small and

large intestines

Coenzymes derived
from vitamins and
their role in
metabolic actions
(Vit: B3,4,5,6.)

Patho: Peptic
ulcer and H.
pylori association
Micro: Diagnosis
of H. pylori
infection in
clinical practice

Antacids
Antisecretory
drugs: H2
antagonists

CBL 1

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Gross Anatomy
Liver
Hepatic portal
system

W
E
E
K

Gall bladder
and biliary
tract

Embryo/Histo
Development
of liver, Gall
bladder and
pancreas
Pancreas
Histology
Liver and Gall
bladder
Histology

Physio
Pancreatic
secretion
composition,
function and
regulation

Biochem
Malabsorption syndromes (biochemical background)

Patho/Micro
Patho: Pancreatitis

Overview of exocrine functions of Liver and Pancreas related

to micro and macronutrients

Patho:
Malabsorption
and Celiac disease

Pharma
Antisecretory
drugs
(PPI and
others)

Misc.
Skills Lab NG
tube
intubation
CBL 2

Malabsorption tutorial
Bile secretion
composition,
function and
regulation

Patho:
Inflammatory bowel
disease

Antidiarrheals

Common Metabolic pathway for energy Provision from CHO,

lipids and Amino acids (TCA Cycle/ Krebs Cycle)

Patho: Acute
Hepatitis

Metabolism of bilirubin & Bile salt synthesis (Uronic Acid

pathway & role of glucuronate)

Patho: Chronic
Hepatitis and
cirrhosis

3
Small
intestines
(Histo lab)
Rectum
Anal Canal

Congenital
anomalies of
GIT (I)
Rectum
histology

Interpret the estimations of bilirubin (tutorial)

W
E
E
K
4

Liver,
pancreas and
gall bladder
(Histo lab)

Role of glycogen in well fed, fasting, starvation and

malnutrition states (Glycogenesis& Glycogeno-lysis)
Body Energy Gradient Maintenance
(Electron Transport Chain & Oxidative Phosphorylation)
Gluconeogenesis
Hexose Mono Phosphate Shunt ( Metabolism of sucrose &
fructose, Galactose Metabolism & lactose Synthesis)

C.M:
Dynamics of
disease
transmission
CBL 3

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Gross Anatomy
Lumbar
vertebrae
W
E
E
K

Posterior
abdominal wall
(boundaries,
Muscles,
fascia)

Inferior vena
cava+ venous
drainage of
abdomen

W
E
E
K
6

Embryo/Histo
Congenital
anomalies of
GIT (II)

Biochem
Human Body general needs & levels for glucose and its regulation (Glycolysis,
insulin, glucagon) tutorial

Patho/Micro
Micro:
Hepatotropic
viruses

Interpret the estimations of Alkaline Phosphatase & amino transferase

Anal canal
Histology

Glycogen storage diseases

Colon, rectum
and anal canal
(Histo lab)

Fatty Acids and Ketone bodies metabolism in human body

Overview of nitrogen metabolism (digestion& transport of amino acid into cell,

removal of nitrogen from amino acids)

Patho:
Circulatory
disorders of
liver

Pharma
Antiemetic/
prokinetic
agents

Miscellaneous
CM: How to conduct
research

Laxative

CM: Study design 1

CBL 4

Degradation of dietary Lipids and their transport (Lipoproteins)

Hyperammonia

Nerves of
abdomen

Fate of Dietary Cholesterol and indigenous Cholesterol in human body

(Metabolism of Cholesterol)

Lymphatic
drainage of
abdomen

Interpret the estimations of Tri-acyl-glycerol and Estimations of total lipid

Amino acid degradation and synthesis, Urea cycle and metabolism of ammonia
Phenyl Alanine, Tyrosine, Tryptophan, Methionine Branch chain amino acids,
Glycine, Histidine, Creatine & creatinine
Metabolic defects in amino acid metabolism
Carbohydrate, Lipids & Proteins Metabolism
In Well fed state and Obesity Interpret the estimations of cholesterol

Radiology:
Assessment of
GIT(PLAIN X RAY & BA
STUDIES)

Muhammad Faizan Ali/DMC/Semester 4/Syllabus/Page 4 of 8

Gross Anatomy
Spleen
W
E
E
K

Surface
anatomy of
abdomen

Biochem
Carbohydrate, Lipids &
Proteins Metabolism in
Starvation and
Diabetes mellitus

CM: Study design 2

Clinical faculty: Hernia
Radiology: Assessment of GIT (CT scan)

Radiology: Assessment of GIT by ultrasound

&

Clinical faculty: Liver function tests

Clinical faculty: Fatty liver disease

Miscellaneous
Gross Anatomy Revision: Peritoneum
Embryo Revision: Overview of Development of GIT, Blood
supply and its relationship with development
Physio Revision: Overview of Exocrine secretions of GIT
Patho Revision: Acute and Chronic Hepatitis
Biochem Revision: Body Energy gradient, Metabolism of
bilirubin and synthesis of bile salts,
Gluconeogenesis, Cholesterol metabolism,
Amino acid degradation and synthesis,
Urea cycle and ammonia metabolism,
Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis

Renal Module (4 weeks)

Gross Anatomy
Overview of excretory system of
the body and structure of kidney

W
E
E
K
1

Details of gross anatomical

features of kidney
Details of blood and nerve supply
and lymphatic drainage of kidney
Gross anatomical features of
ureter, urinary bladder and
urethra(male& female)

Embryo/Histo
Microscopic features of
nephrons and collecting
ducts (Histo lab)
Histology of kidney:
(detailed microscopic
features of nephron and
collecting ducts)
Development of kidney and
ureter

Physio
General
functions of
the kidneys
and excretory
system
GFR and
factors
affecting GFR
Tubular
reabsorption
and secretion

Biochem
Physiochemical Aspects in
relation to water (Diffusion,
Adsorption, viscosity)
Solutions: hypotonic and
hypertonic, Molal, molar,
Normal Solutions, Use of normal
saline
Osmolality, osmolarity, tonicity,
Colloid osmotic pressure
(oncotic pressure ), Osmosis and
role of albumin
Role of pH and water

Patho/Micro
Patho:
Anomalies of
kidney and
lower urinary
tract

Pharma
-

Miscellaneous
Skills Lab:
Urinary
Catheterization

Muhammad Faizan Ali/DMC/Semester 4/Syllabus/Page 5 of 8

W
E
E
K
2

Gross Anatomy
Blood supply,
lymphatic
drainage and
nerve supply of
ureter and
urinary bladder
and urethra
including these
organs
Surface
Anatomy of
Urinary system

W
E
E
K
3
&

Embryo/Histo
Histology of
ureter, urinary
bladder & urethra
Ureter, urinary
bladder & Urethra
(Histo lab)
Development of
urinary bladder
and urethra

Physio
GFR
Regulation
(lab)
Concentra-tion and
dilution of
urine
Acidification
of urine

Patho/Micro
Patho: Pathogenesis
of glomerular
disorders

Pharma
Intro to
diuretics

Acid base balance, buffers,

alkalosis, acidosis (lab)

Miscellaneous
Clinical faculty: Urine detailed report
sample collection and biochemical
analysis
CBL 1

Sodium and chloride metabolism

Potassium and Phosphate
Metabolism
Disturbances of water, sodium
and potassium balance

Anomalies of
development of
bladder & urethra
-

Biochem
Role of Renal System in acid base
balance

Nucleic acid/Purine Metabolism- 1

Hormonal
regulation
of water
and
electrolytes
(lab)

Discuss normal constituents of

urine Renal Function Tests
(Plasma clearance) (lab)
Purine Metabolism 2
Disorders of Purine Metabolism

Process of
micturition
and
micturition
reflex

Relation of urea uric acid,

creatinine, calcium and albumin
and other electrolytes with renal
disorders

Patho: Nephritic
syndrome
Micro: Urine detailed
report sample
collection and
biochemical analysis
Patho: Nephrotic
syndrome
Patho:Tubulointersti-tial diseases

Medicine: Interpret the ABG reports

For the diagnosis of acidosis and
alkalosis
Radiology Radiographs and other
imaging techniques of urinary system
Medicine: Renal failure clinical
picture and presentation
Medicine: Dehydration/ overhydration: ORS +other Available
solutions for Intra venous infusions

Pyrimidine Metabolism
Patho: Pyelonephritis
Patho: Lower urinary
tract infections

Medicine: Dialysis types and

importance
CBL 2

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Reproduction Module (4 weeks)

W
E
E
K
1

Gross Anatomy
Sacrum and coccyx, Joints of pelvic
cavity

Embryo/Histo
Testes and ducts system (Histo
lab)

Bony pelvis (inlet and outlet) types and

difference between male and female
pelvis & cephalopelvic disproportion

Histology of Testes
Development of male
reproductive system

Pelvic walls, floor, fascia and divisions

Male internal genital organs: Testes,
epididymis and scrotum
Ischiorectal fossae

W
E
E
K

Prostate, Ductus deferens, Seminal

Vesicle, Applied enlargement BPH, PSA

Histology of Prostate, Seminal

Vesicle, Bulbourethral glands

Male external genital organs

Male urethra+ Development external
genitalia

Prostate, Seminal Vesicle,

Bulbourethral glands (Histo lab)
Ovary, fallopian tube Histology

Female genital tract: ovary, fallopian

tube

2
Uterus, cervix and Vagina

Uterus, cervix, Vagina Histology

Physio
Spermato-genesis and
endocrine
functions of
testes

Biochem
Synthesis of steroid
hormones (tutorial)
Synthesis, regulation
& functions of
Testosterone

Functions of
testosterone
and applied
physiology
(Hyper and
hypo
gonadism)

Function of
ovary:
Ovulation

Biochemical changes
during menarche
(tutorial)
Synthesis, regulation
& functions of
Estrogen
Synthesis, regulation
and functions of
Progesterone

Patho
Congenital
anomalies
of male
genital
tract,
testicular
atrophy
and
epididymoorchitis

Prostatitis
& BPH

Pharma
-

Miscellaneous
CBL 3 (Renal)

Androgens
and Anti
Androgens

Skills lab: Exam of

rectum and
prostate

Estrogens
and Anti
estrogens

CBL 1

Muhammad Faizan Ali/DMC/Semester 4/Syllabus/Page 7 of 8

Gross Anatomy
Internal iliac artery and
its branches
Female External
genitalia and female
urethra
W
E
E
K
3

Perineum: Divisions of
perineum and perineal
body

Embryo/Histo
Development
of parts of
female
reproductive
system

Physio
Mammary
gland and
lactation

Biochem
Hormones of
infertility (tutorial)
Synthesis,
regulation and
functions of
hormones of
female
reproductive
system prolactin

Ovary and
Fallopian tube
(Histo lab)

Patho
Describe Non
neoplastic and
functional cysts of
Ovary & PCOS

Pharma
Progestins and
anti-progestins

Miscellaneous
CM: Breast milk benefits
Gynecology: Common developmental
anomalies of female reproductive system

Congenital
Anomalies of
Female Genital Tract
& PIDs

Gynecology : Menstrual disorders

CBL 2

Dysfunctional
Uterine Bleeding &
Endometrial
Hyperplasia

Nerves of pelvis and

perineum
+ sacral plexus
Venous and lymphatic
drainage of Pelvic cavity
Perineal spaces

W
E
E
K
4

Structure of
placenta

Function of
placenta

Uterus, cervix,
Vagina (Histo
lab)

Composition
&
importance
of breast
Milk
Physiological
changes
during
pregnancy

Pregnancy Test
(measurement of
beta HCG levels by
different methods)
Urine Pregnancy
Test for
confirmation of
pregnancy
Identify the
metabolic needs of
women during
pregnancy and
lactation

Disorders of early
pregnancy
Disorders of late
pregnancy

Oral
Contraceptives

CM: Discuss contraception and its

application according to the needs of
Pakistan

Muhammad Faizan Ali/DMC/Semester 4/Syllabus/Page 8 of 8

Number of lectures for each subject in Semester 4

30

25

28
24

20

Modules
15

15

15

GIT and Liver

13
11

10

8
6

Repro
8

Renal

12
9
7

8
6

3 3
1

4
2
0

7
5