___________________________________
5)what's the main of dry eye ? and mention the cause ? and mention symptoms
A - disorder causing ocular discomfort and ocular surface damage due to tear def
iciency or excessive tear evaporation
B - hyposecretive ( sjogren - non sjogren ) and Evaporative
C - irritation - FB sensation - burning - mucus discharge - transient blurring o
f vision - itching - photophopia .
__________________________________
6)how to ttt ptn with dry eye and common test used? and mention complication
A -Reduction of room temperature
- permanent occlusion of puncti by diathermy - small lateral tarsorrapthy - and
tear substitute drops, gels and ointment
- schirmar test
B - mucus strand and debris Filament - mucus plaque
Corneal abrasion and ulcer
_________________________________
7)what's the definition of watery eye ? and how to different between epiphoria and
lacrimation
A - excessive tears include epiphora and lacrimation
B - lacrimation : due to excessive secretion of tears
Epiphora : due to obstruction of any part of nasolacrimal passages
by jons test
________________________________
8)mention 4 cause of epiphora ? and how to diagnosis ptn with chronic dacryocystit
is
A - 1. eversion of the lower punctum
2. Occlusion of the puncti
3. Occlusion of the canaliculi
4. Chronic dacryocystitis
B - testing tear drainage - jones test - examination of the nose (ENT )
-dacryocystography
and regurgitation test
________________________________
9)how to manage congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction ? and mention to D/D
A - massage of nasolacrimal duct and AB drops
Not improvement after 12 month
Probing
Not improvement you should be another probing after 6 mon
After three times not improvement
you have DCR
B - bacterial conjunctivitis /// congenital glaucoma /// ocular trauma
_______________________________
10)in acute dacryocystitis mention 3 symptoms ? and complication ? How to ttt
A - severe pain - epiphora - fever and headache
B - fistula formation - extension leading to orbital cellulitis - cavernous sinu
s thrombosis
C - local and systemic broad spectrum antibiotic
Warm compresses _ analgesic and surgical ( DCR
________________________________
11)mention cause of chronic dacryocystitis ? and which common types acute or chroni
c ? and mention causative organism
A - stricture of the nasolacrimal duct from chronic inflammation
- obstruction of the lower end of the nasal duct by nasal polyp , hypertrophied
inferior turbinate bone
B - chronic dacryocystitis it is commmon
C - 1. Pneumococci
2. Staphylococci
3. Streptococci
4. Very rare TB -candida
________________________________
12)mention types of surgery of chronic dacryocystitis ? and which common type ? and
mention indicated of DCR
DCR .. only done in chronic dacrocystitis
Indication.. NLDO ..Mucocele
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~( Counjuctiva )~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1)Mention the Anatomy & function of conjunctiva
Anatomy : Palpebral & Bulbar &fornicial Conjuctiva
Function :
1 Tear production ( Goblet cell + accessory lacrimal gl )
2 Oxygen supply to Cornea
Leucocyte
IgA
lymphoid tissue )
3 Defense Mechanisme ( Mast cell
__________________________________________
2)Define the Counjuctivits & mention the Causes
Inflamation of the surface of the eye
Causes :
Infectious :
bacterial
viral
Parastic
Non infectious :
Irritation Allergic
Toxic
___________________________________________
3)Define the Ptyrgium & how affect the vision
Triangular fibroVascular tissue arise from Conjuctiva toward Cornea , affect vis
ion directly by : reach the pupil area & indirectly by cause Irregukar Astigmati
sm .
__________________________________________
4)How you ttt the Ptyrgium & how differentiate bt True & false Ptyrgium ?
TTT by Surgical excision with graft , differentiate by hook
__________________________________________
5)Mention the causes of sub conjunctival hge ( which Most Common cause ? )
Trauma ( most common ) Viral keratits
severe he
leukemia - Cx of surgery severe
sneezing or coughing
6)How to manage case with Sub conjunctival hge ?
Ttt the underlying cause & make sure pt without Bl Ds or Operative by Measure BP
& CBC
___________________________________________
7)Define The Ophthalmia neonatium & mention the causative organisms ( which is the
most common) ? D.O.C
Any discharge from the eyes in the 1st week
Chlamydia ( most common )
gonococal
Staph
Strepto
HSV2 )
D.O.C : tetracyclin ( for children Erthromycin ) topical & sys .
__________________________________________
7)-
Rosette shaped cataract ass e .................. and oil droplet cataract ass e
................. !!
blunt trauma // galactosemia
_____________________________________
7)What's indication of ICCE !! And what s CPx
ccataract with sublaxation or dislocated, vitreous loss RD,macular degeneration
_____________________________________
8)After cataract Cxp of any type of Surgery !! And how treated !!!!
after ECCE and treated by Yag laser
_____________________________________
9)What's late cxp of cataract surgery !!!
post. capsular opacification // malposition of IOL // CMO // retinal detachment
_____________________________________
10)posterior capsule opacification // astigmatism // subluxated or dislocated IOL
What's cause s of decrease vision after cataract surgery !!
____________________________________
11)Day blindness can occur which any type of cataract !!
nuclear
____________________________________
12)What's C.l of IOL implantion !!
Recurent uveitis
Neovascular gl
High myopia
Prolif.diabetic R.pathy
AGE relatively c.i
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~( Refraction Errors )~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
? Define the myopia Parallel rays focus infront retina , near sight
? What is the difference between simple & pathological myopia Degenerative changes in fundus present in Pathological but n't in simple/ simple
is n't progressive but pathological is a progressive type
? what is the causes of myopia increase in Anteroposterior diameter of globe (most common cause)
? Talk about complications of myopia vitreous degeneration , tear and Hge in retina... , retinal detachment , complic
ated posterior cortical cataract , POAG
? what is the causes of hypermetropia decrease curvature and axial length...post displacement of lens
Aphacia
__________________________________________
? which type of the lens used to treat hypermetropic pt + ve Convex lens
___________________________________________
? Define the Astigmatism & Mention the causes Focus of light in different diopter with different side in the retina a piont
cause : sub lxation of lens & changes in corneal meridian
___________________________________________
? types of astigmatism .......... & what the difference bt it Regular.. irregular.. regular grudal changes in Refraction but iirgular suddeeee
e nly
___________________________________________
? what is the treatment of astigmatism Regular .. cylindircal lens
Irrgular contact lenssss
___________________________________________
? Anisometropia mean un equal refration between 2 eyes
___________________________________________
? ttt of isometropia Contact lens different power
____________________________________________
? Presbyopia mean -~~
Loss of near vision d t loss of accommodation
____________________________________________
? causes of presbyopia Physiological (aging) ..Pathological (1ry ang .glucoma .. cycloplgic drugs Anemia
____________________________________________
? what is the causes of sudden drop of vision Vitriuos hge .. CRVO - CRAO..RD ..Optic neuritis
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~( Squint )~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1)? what's the types of squint
True sq (manifest .. latent ) pseudo sq
other class...converge and divergent
______________________________
2)? what's cause of psudosqunit ? Any type cause high myopia
pseudo squint ?false converg. ( epicanthus .. myopia .. short IPD)
pseudo divergent( Hypermetropia .. wide IPD
convg
_____________________________
3)? what meaning of paralytic sequnit ? And common in adult or children
I.i sq by abn .in ms by neuropathy or myopathy .. com. In adult
_____________________________
4)? what most common type of squint
Converge
_____________________________
5)? in convergent and divergent sq what refraction error it's finding
Hypermetropia .. conv //... myopia divrg..
_________________________________________
4)Mention 2 Autoimmune diseases ass with Ant. Uveitis and 2 with post !!
Ant. Uveitis : juvenile RA - ankylosing spon .
Post. Uveitis : behcet d. - harada syndrome
__________________________________________
5)Which type of uveitis inter in D.D of leukocoria !
Intermediate
___________________________________________
6)Talk about masquerade synx
Retinopastoma - leukemia - malignant melanoma
__________________________________________
7)What types of RD caused by Post uveitis .. which one most common
Exudative - tractional
Most : exudative
___________________________________________
8)Fundus examination is mandatory In all Cases of Ant uveitis ..why !!
some cases of post uveities present e inflam in ant segment
eye e RRD may have mild to moderate uveities
to exclude masquared syndrome
toxplsmos in posterior uvevitis may be also causes
__________________________________________
9)- Caues of decrease vision in uveitis !!!
Glucom
Cataract
RD
COM
__________________________________________
10)- Types of glucoma 2ry to uveitis !!
2ry OAG b.c Post Synchea ..
2ry CAG b.c peripheral Ant. Synchea
Steroid induced
_________________________________________
11)- What's ttt of uveitis !!
atropine analgesic steroid NSAID AB
_________________________________________
12)- Hypopian sign present in uveitis ass e
Ass e HlA B27 ( Ank.spo....Bahcets did )
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~( Retina )~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1)what's the most sensitive part of retina & why
Fovea
B.c. have more numerous of cons only .
A vascular
Thin layer so rays fall direct on cons
____________________________________
2)what's presenting symptom in a pt e vitreos hge ? most important cause
what about red reflex
symptome sudden painless loss vision
cause truma
no or black reflex
____________________________________
3)-