Engineering Education

& Research Solutions

Mechanics of fluids
Thermodynamics
Automotive
Environmental & Clean Energies
Applied Mechanics
Process Control Engineering
Marine Hydrodynamics

Introduction
Cussons Technology was founded in 1876 and
specialises in the development and manufacture
of teaching and research equipment for
mechanical engineering and allied subjects.
Our customers are tertiary educational
establishments worldwide, research institutes
and government training establishments and
the research departments of national and
multinational companies.
In addition to the educational product range a
Division handling automotive research equipment
and facilities was developed and complemented
by new automotive teaching products which we
continue to develop.
Further expansion saw the company acquire
the rights to the well-respected German
manufacturer Kempf & Remmers marine
hydrodynamics research and naval architecture systems and products.
Cussons K&R brand continues to grow and today includes a range of compact
educational marine hydrodynamics and maritime studies resources.
The automotive and marine expansions of our core mechanical, fluid and
energy-related range have helped to consolidate Cussons position as a leader
in the supply of reliable, well-designed and supported, high quality solutions
for educational and research institutions worldwide.
At the heart of Cussons philosophy there has always been an understanding
that student commitment - so critical for success - is most effectively
engendered by interesting, well-designed hands-on experimentation. Our
current equipment offer continues to embrace this principle and incorporates
modern computer technology for data acquisition and control.
The subjects Cussons specialises in are thermodynamics (including heat
transfer, refrigeration, air conditioning and steam engineering), automotive
technology, fluid mechanics, process control and instrumentation, theory of
machines and applied mechanics plus a renewable energy range covering wind,
wave, tidal and solar energy studies.
In addition to supplying individual items of equipment, Cussons also
undertakes complete turnkey projects for the design, supply, installation
and commissioning of entire laboratories, specialising in those for steam,
automotive engineering and marine hydrodynamics . We are fully ISO 9001
compliant.
Full details of all products are available on our website at www.cussons.co.uk
Marine Hydrodynamic Systems
Automotive Research and Development Equipment and Instrumentation
Integrated facilities for R&D projects in Aerospace, Oil, and Military Sectors
Analysis and purification of special gases.

Cussons Smart Equipment

Mechanics of Fluids

Fundamental Hydraulic Studies

Hydraulic Applied Studies
Air Flow
Wind Tunnel

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9
11
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Thermodynamics

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Thermodynamic Principles
Steam Power Plant
Steam Experiments
Ancillary Equipment
Refrigeration
Heat Transfer & Heat Exchanger
Gas Turbine and Compressors
Properties of Fuels
Sectioned Thermodynamics Equipment

Automotive
Engine Test Beds
Autotrainers
Instrumentation and Accessories
Automotive Fuel & Gas Analysers
Sectioned Automotive Equipment

Environmental & Clean Energies

Wind Turbine Dynamometer Range
Solar & Fuel Cell

Applied Mechanics
Theory of Machines
Strength of Materials
Structures

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19
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21
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25

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Process Control Engineering

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Marine Hydrodynamics Educational Range

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SMART EQUIPMENT
Over the last twenty five years new technologies have revolutionised educational practice in many subjects, most
especially in engineering and science. Whilst the internet might be the most obvious - contributing to the exponential
rise in information - other digital technologies including computerised data acquisition are becoming ubiquitous
throughout university and college laboratories.
At Cussons we believe the combination of practical experimental equipment and digital teaching applications enhances
students learning experience and helps educators to convey knowledge and understanding more effectively. We call
this approach Smart Equipment.
Cussons Smart Equipment concept combines horizontal teaching methods* with new applications to provide complete
educational packages where students work and experiment together in collaborative groups. This allows the tutors role
to become less didactic and more that of a facilitator and guide.

Smart Equipment Features

Compact data acquisition hardware with modern
computer software to enhance educational and
laboratory experiences.
Cost-effective and versatile teaching equipment
offering a wide range of experiments.
Quick and straightforward transfer of data from
experiments to computer.
Easy comparison between real-world test results and
theoretical expectations.
Plug and play operation with no complicated
configuration required.
Intuitive software complete with comprehensive
manuals

SMART EQUIPMENT
Data Collection

Play
Analyse

Data Transfer

Test
Explore
Cussons Equipment

Interface unit

Smart Equipment improves your students experience

Data logging facilities
Calibration screens to facilitate easy sensor adjustment
Graphical representation of experiment processes
Manual and automatic data sampling modes
Automatic data recording
Real-time data display
Comprehensive manuals including exercises and experiments
Creation of charts and data tables to enable advanced analysis
Export of data to a spreadsheet for more advanced off-line
processing and presentation options

Computer unit

Learn

Tip
The Horizontal Teaching Method
prevalent in Nordic and AngloSaxon countries promotes
collaborative and group working
between teachers and learners.
It takes a problem-solving
rather than traditionally didactic
approach to teaching and
actively involves students in the
educational process in order to
develop deductive reasoning
based on real-world experience.

Mechanics of Fluids

Mechanics of Fluids
The behaviour of fluids is a key element of study
across many disciplines and Cussons educational
equipment is ideally suited to mechanical, civil,
chemical and marine engineering courses. Its
modular design enables additions to be made as
academic requirements evolve and each unit provides
clear visual appreciation of the principles of fluid
mechanics. Instrumentation is provided which allows
a full range of experimental work to be completed
and data acquisition options are being developed.
Our Hydraulic Bench provides a self-contained water supply and
the facilities required to service a wide range of experiments.
Our suggested laboratory includes a number of workstations for
teaching the core principles and the user may select additional
units for investigating hydrostatics, hydraulic machinery and
pump characteristics as required.
Air flow studies may be conducted using the Cussons Airflow
Bench which is designed for versatility across the areas of
aerodynamics, boundary layers, turbulent jets and flow through
ducts etc. The equipment is robust, durable and castor-mounted
so that it may be easily relocated.

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Only required if customer does not have a bench

Optional Accessories

P6108 Rotameter

P6107 Hook Gauge and Scale

P6106M Digital Manometer

P6106 Manometer

P6105 Feedblock

P6104 Variable Head Outlet Tank

P6103 Constant Head Inlet Tank

Accessories
Required for
Experiments

P6100 Hydraulics Bench

KEY:
Required Accessories

Experiments

Fundamental Hydraulic Studies

P6211 Cavitation Demonstration Set
P6212 Francis Turbine
P6213 Kaplan Turbine
P6220 Laminar Flows Apparatus
P6221 Losses in Pipes and Fittings
P6222 Entry/Exit & Cont/Expansion Losses
P6223/4 Orifice Experiments Basic/Advanced
P6225/6 Open Channel Weirs Basic/Advanced

Mechanics of Fluids

P6227 Venturi Meter

www.cussons.co.uk

P6228 Orifice Plate Experiment

P6229 Turbine Meter
P6230 Pitot Static Tube
P6231 Bernouillis Theorem
P6232 Hydraulic Ram
P6233 Impact of Jets
P6234 Calibration of Pressure Gauge
P6235/6 Metacentric Height
P6237 Centre of Pressure
P6238 Free and Forced Vortex
P6239 Comparison of Flow Measurements
P6240 Pelton Wheel
P6249 Miniature Flow Channel

Fundamental Hydraulic Studies

P6100 - HYDRAuLIC BEnCH
The Cussons Hydraulic Bench provides the basic services for pumping and volumetric measurement of water
supply. Various optional modules are available to form a comprehensive laboratory facility which enables a
detailed Mechanics of Fluids Experimental Course to be followed. The equipment is designed to provide a clear
visual appreciation of hydraulic principles and has been featured by BBC Television on the Open University
Mechanics of Fluids course.

P6211 - CAVITATIOn DEMOnSTRATIOn SET

This compact and cost effective unit
provides experimental capabilities to
study the cavitation effect including
observation of the relationship between
cavitation and temperature and
observation of the relationships between
discharge, velocity and pressure.

P6220/21/22 - WATER FLOW In PIPES

AnD FITTInGS ExPERIMEnTS
The flow of fluids in closed conduits or
pipes is a major topic in mechanical, civil
and chemical engineering and is of interest
in areas of biology (e.g. blood flow) and
medicine (e.g. drip delivery). Cussons
offers three experiments, mountable on the
Hydraulic Bench:
P6220 - Laminar Flow Apparatus
P6221 - Friction Losses in Pipes and Fittings
P6222 - Entry Exit & Expansion Losses

P6212 - FRAnCIS TuRBInE P6240 - PELTOn WHEEL P6213 - KAPLAn TuRBInE

This range of turbines provides experiments to study reaction, impulse & axial turbines.
These can be conveniently mounted on the Hydraulic Bench. The experiments are
performed by pumping water through the turbines with a variable flow rate and using a
drum brake system with spring force balance.

P6223/P6224 - ORIFICES STuDIES

P6225/P6226 - OPEn CHAnnEL WEIRS

Study of liquid flow through an orifice

illustrates the need for a semi-empirical
approach. Cussons offers two related
experiments - each with multiple orifices
- which may be mounted on the Hydraulic
Bench:

In open channels weirs are commonly

used to either regulate or to measure the
volumetric flow rate. Cussons offers the
following experiments (with multiple weir
plates) which may be mounted on the
Hydraulic Bench:

P6223 Basic Orifices

P6225 Basic Weirs

P6224 Advanced Orifices

P6226 Advanced Weirs

P6227 - P2630 - WATER FLOW

MEASuREMEnT RAnGE

P6231 - BERnOuLLIS ExPERIMEnT

These four different experiments in

comparative flow measurement use
various techniques operating on the
principle of head loss, impulse or velocity:

This experiment demonstrates the

principles of conservation of mass and
conservation of energy and may also be
used to examine the onset of turbulence in
an accelerating stream of water.

P6227 Venturi Meter

P6229 Turbine Meter
P6228 Orifice Plate
P6230 Pitot Static Tube

P6232 - Hydraulic Ram

P6233 - impact of jets

A hydraulic ram helps to illustrate the

principal by which water may be obtained
from low lying water sources when no
electrical supply is available to power a
pump.

This apparatus enables experiments on

the reaction of a jet of water upon vanes
of various forms (fixed vane, a cone shape
or a hemispherical) to be carried out and
demonstrates the relationship between the
forces exerted on the model and the rate
of change of momentum of the jet stream

P6238 - Free & Forced Vortex Apparatus

P6239 - Water flow measurement

The creation of vortices is a common

engineering and natural phenomenon
worthy of study. This apparatus may
be used to plot the shape of free/
forced vortices by measurement
of surface profile co-ordinates.

This apparatus can be used on the

Hydraulic Bench or used as free-standing
apparatus in conjunction with a low
pressure water supply. The static head
at various points in the flow path is
measured enabling students to analyse
the behaviour of water flowing through a
sudden enlargement, transparent venturi
meter, an orice plate and a rotameter.

P6234 - P6237 - Hydrostatics Experiments

Cussons offers three related experiments mountable on the Hydraulic
Bench:
P6234 Calibration of Pressure Gauge
P6235 Metacentric Height Apparatus
P6236 Alternative Hulls
P6237 Centre of Pressure Apparatus (Hydrostatic pressure)

P6242 - hydrostatics bench

As an independent and self-contained

unit, the Hydrostatics Bench enables the
students to understand the fundamental
properties of non-moving fluids.
Experimental coverage includes density
and relative density; variation of pressure
with head; Hares Tube; Pascals Law;
viscosity; capillarity; surface tension;
Archimedes Principle; use of vernier level
gauge and the hydraulic press.

P6244 - Hydrostatics Set

This compact set of hydrostatics
apparatus enables students to investigate
the fundamental properties of non-moving
fluids. P6244 is a reduced version of
the apparatus supplied with Cussons
full size P6242 Hydrostatics Bench.

P6248 - Osborne Reynolds Apparatus

This Osborne Reynolds experiment may be used to investigate laminar/streamline flow, turbulent flow
and the transition between these two regimes by observation of an injected dye line. It may also be
used to determine the upper and lower Critical Velocities and Reynolds Number.

www.cussons.co.uk

Hydraulic Applied Studies

P6135 - SERIES AnD PARALLEL PuMP TEST SET
This unit incorporates two pumps which enables investigations of series
and parallel operation of identical pumps running at the same or different
speeds.

P5160 - FRICTIOn LOSS In PIPES & FITTInGS

This apparatus enables students to investigate flow through smooth and roughened
pipes under laminar or turbulent flow conditions and also flow through fittings and
valves. Various methods of flow measurement are covered including the variable area
flowmeter (rotameter), venturi, orifice plate and pitot static tube.
Accessories:
P5161 Water Recirculation unit
P6100 Hydraulic bench

P6245/P6255 - FLOW CHAnnEL

These 2.5m and 5m units provide channels with adjustable slope and transparent acrylic
sides for full visibility of the flow characteristics. Test models plus an inclinometer and
surface profile measuring instrument are used to investigate the flow of water along an
open channel and to verify the Chzy equation and Mannings friction factor.
Additional experimental equipment provided with the 5m channel includes a pitot-static
tube, dam spillway, Ogee (i.e. overflow) weir with manometer, Crump weir and Parshall
flume.

P6275/P6410 - ADVAnCED FLOW CHAnnELS

Two types of larger flow channel are offered for flexible semi-custom experimental configurations. Either option may be used as
a low speed circulating water channel for sedimentation work, at higher flow rates for hydrodynamics work or with wave and wind
attachments for coastal engineering studies. The channels come in the following sizes and are constructed in modular sections and may
be specified to a maximum length of 20 metres.
P6275 FLOW CHAnnEL - Medium 300 x 450 mm
P6410 FLOW CHAnnEL - Large 600 x 500mm

P6249 - MInIATuRE FLOW CHAnnEL

P6246 - HELE SHAW APPARATuS

This apparatus can be used to investigate

the flow of water along an open channel
and to visualise the flow around objects
in its path through the injection of ink.
It includes triangular hump section and
an undershot weir and demonstration
of approximate Specific energy/Depth
relationships.

This two dimensional potential flow

apparatus is based upon the well-known
Hele Shaw experimental method. It
provides a parallel laminar water flow field
to allow study of low Reynolds number
flow patterns around submerged models
representing cylinders, aerofoils, bluff
bodies, knife edge weirs and through
passages such as valve bodies and nozzles
etc.

P6247 - Water Flow

Visualisation Apparatus

P6515 - Pipe Surge and Water

Hammer Apparatus

This is a self-contained bench top unit

comprising a high-walled flow channel
incorporating a detachable glass front
panel, light source, inlet tank with
removable flow straightener, level control
sluice gate, outlet tank, electrically
driven circulating pump, interconnecting
pipework plus flow control and drain
valves.

This equipment comprises two stainless

steel pipes to study water hammer and
surge which is a common phenomenon.
This apparatus is provided with software
oscilloscope facility for display on user
supplied PC.

P6520 - Permeability Apparatus

P6530 - Hydrology Apparatus

This unit enables students to investigate

the fundamental concepts of soil
permeability within a compact indoor
laboratory facility to solve problems such
as the seepage of water under dams,
the abstraction of water from wells and
the hydrostatic forces exerted on bridge
foundations in the real world.

This self-contained unit enables students

to investigate a range of hydrological
phenomena within a compact indoor
laboratory facility. It allows the study of
basin hydrology cycles; flood and run off
hydrographs; effects on civil constructions
(bridges and dams); interaction of
adjacent wells and elementary fluvial
processes such as erosion on hillsides and
river meander.

P6540 - Sediment Transport Apparatus

This relatively compact unit enables students to investigate the full range of forms that arise in
a mobile bed as the flow rate and/or slope are increased. The movement of sediment around
structures may be examined for scouring and blockage etc.

P6510 - Network of Pipes Apparatus

P6290 - Francis Turbine Set

This apparatus enables students to

conduct a range of experiments on
a system of interconnecting series
and parallel pipe networks and fluid
distribution systems. The unit enables
students to obtain a full understanding of
the factors affecting flow distribution and
the behaviour of pipe network systems.

This is a self-contained experiment

designed to enable students to study
the basic characteristics of the Francis
Turbine. It demonstrates the turbine
characteristics (torque, power and
efficiency) at different conditions and
pressure, torque and flow rate are
measured and indicated.

P6360 - Multi-Pump Test Rig

Detailed investigations on both rotodynamic and positive displacement pumps may be performed on this
multipurpose test bench which is designed to be self-contained requiring only a single phase electrical
supply. A positive displacement Gear Pump (P6361) is supplied as standard with the following pumps
available as optional extras:
P6362 Positive Displacement Piston Pump
P6363 Rotodynamic Centrifugal Pump
P6364 Rotodynamic Axial Pump
P6365 Positive Displacement Vane Pump
P6367 Rotodynamic Channel Impeller Pump

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www.cussons.co.uk

Air Flow
P3200 - AIR FLOW BEnCH
The Cussons Air Flow Bench with associated experiments provide a comprehensive facility for detailed
experiments in various aspects of air flow studies, convective heat transfer and subsonic aerodynamics to
be performed.
Air Flow Accessories:
P3202 Multitube Manometer
P3204 Anemometer

Air Flow Experiments

P3203 - FLOW MEASuREMEnT APPARATuS

P3208 - BERnOuLLIS APPARATuS

To introduce the student

to the study of air flow
measurement using various
types of measuring devices
based upon the specifications
given in BS848 and BS1042.

To visually demonstrate the

interchange between static
and dynamic pressure as
air flows through a duct of
variable cross sectional area

P3222 - FLOW THROuGH A BEnD

P3224 - FLOW In PIPES

To investigate the pressure

distribution along the inner and
outer walls of a bend in ductwork
of rectangular cross-section.

To gain a practical appreciation

of various topics related
to air flow in pipes.

P3226 AxIAL & P3228 CEnTRIFuGAL FAn DEMOnSTRATIOn unITS

The units have been developed to study the characteristics of Axial and Centrifugal fans
enabling a wide range of experimentation capabilities related with flow velocity profile in
the pipe aspiration, difference between static pressure, dynamic and total, characteristic
of axial and centrifugal curves or axial and centrifugal fan spin.
Speed is displayed digitally and a combination of pressure transducers enables the
measurement of working pressure in order to study the fan characteristics in real time.
Pressure taps are sealed to prevent leaks that distort the readings taken.

Wind Tunnel
P3230 - TWO DIMEnSIOnAL WInD TunnEL
This is designed for use with either the Cussons Air Flow Bench or P3240 Fan Test Stand and enables
students to investigate pressure distributions around cylinder, aerofoil and other models. Lift and drag
forces acting upon models may also be determined with P3231. Data acquisition is also available for this
equipment.

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P3231 - Two Component Balance

P3232 - Boundary Layer Experiment

This is a unique system employing vertical

and horizontal balance beams to provide
independent measurements of lift and
drag forces.

This experiment is used to determine the

thickness of the boundary layer where
fluid flow meets a stationary surface and
investigate the velocity profile within this
layer.

P3233 - Smoke generator

P3234 - Turbulent Jet Apparatus

This equipment produces smoke

filaments of adequate density to
enable flow patterns around various
objects to be demonstrated.

This apparatus demonstrates the general

behaviour of a jet of air emitted from
a circular pipe into free surroundings
and helps to investigate air jet velocity
at various distances from the emission
point in order to determine both
velocity and momentum profiles.

P3240 - Fan Test Stand

This has been designed to demonstrate the capability of a centrifugal fan unit in
accordance with BS848. It may also be used as the base unit for a series of additional
experiments involving air flow in pipes, heat transfer, aerodynamics and compressible
flow studies.

P3260 - Subsonic Open Circuit Wind Tunnel

This is a self-contained facility comprising the tunnel with a three-component balance
system (lift, drag and pitching moment) and an air speed indicator. The unit enables
students to investigate the pressure distributions around and the forces experienced by
aerofoils, cylinders and other models and also to study boundary layers.
Optional accessories:
P3264
P3265
P3266
P3267

Aerofoil with Slot & Flap

Pitot Static Tube
Yaw Probe
Drag Models

P3268 Pressure Cylinder

P3269 Aircraft Model
P3270 Car Model

P3290 - Supersonic Wind Tunnel

This is an open, continuously operating supersonic wind tunnel to investigate pressure distribution along a convergent-divergent
nozzle, pressure losses, demonstration of the boundary layers Schlieren method, observation of flow patterns around the aerofoils and
much more.

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www.cussons.co.uk

Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is a branch of physical science
concerned with the interrelationship and interconversion of different forms of energy. The
student can observe the laws of thermodynamics by
conducting experimental work on a wide range of our
products.
A good practical understanding of air conditioning,
refrigeration, work and heat transfer can be achieved with the
use of various types of heat engine. An essential subject area
concerns steam properties and steam turbine technology and
Cussons offers a range of bench mounted steam property
teaching products along with a range of complete working
steam power plants up to 20kW with features representing
current industrial practice.

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Thermodynamic Principles
P4810 - TEMPERATuRE MEASuREMEnT
APPARATuS

P5631 - MECHAnICAL EQuIVALEnT

OF HEAT APPARATuS

A self-contained bench top unit which

demonstrates common methods of
temperature measurement, methods of
calibration, common faults occurring in
thermocouple systems and investigation
of basic thermocouple laws and their
applications.

This equipment is a modern version of the Mechanical Equivalent

of Heat apparatus derived from the original design by Callendar
which aptly demonstrated the relationship between mechanical
energy and heat energy. Though extremely simple in design, the
apparatus will yield results with an accuracy of 0.5%.

P4812 - HuMIDITY MEASuRInG APPARATuS

P5700 - MARCET BOILER

The Humidity Bench provides the student

with the means of measuring the humidity
of the air in the laboratory by several
different methods, whilst at the same time
allowing comparisons to be made of the
accuracy of one measurement against
another.

This Marcet Boiler helps the students to

investigate the relationship between the
pressure and temperature of saturated steam, in
equilibrium with water, at all pressures between
atmospheric and 17 bar (250 lb/in2).

P4811 - PRESSuRE MEASuRInG APPARATuS

P5691 - STIRLInG CYCLE HOT AIR EnGInE

This bench top unit provides comparisons

of two methods of measuring pressure
and two methods of measuring vacuum.
It includes measurement of differential
pressure by means of a manometer, a
digital pressure calibrator and calibration
of a pressure transducer.

The Stirling Cycle Hot Air Engine enables

students to visualize and study the
phenomena of cyclic compression and
expansion of air, study of Hot air engine,
effect on performance, use of gases of
different specific heat ratio, regenerative
heat exchanger and many others.

Steam Power Plant

Steam is widely used in industry for power generation, heating and many other processes requiring high temperatures. Cussons Steam
Laboratory Equipment has been designed to provide a comprehensive range of products for teaching the technology of steam plant in
thermodynamics courses. The equipment has been designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the theory and operation of
a modern steam power plant. The features incorporated and power ratings chosen constitute an excellent representation of industrial
practice within the limitations of an educational laboratory. All items reflect modern practices and their design incorporates the safety
features necessary to minimise any risk in operation.

P7669 - MInIATuRE STEAM POWER PLAnT

The Miniature Steam Power Plant is the smallest in our comprehensive
range of Steam Power Products and has been designed to allow teaching
establishments to give students an appreciation of steam and its properties,
without the larger capital investment normally required.
There are two versions:
P7669R with Reciprocating Engine
P7669T with a Steam Turbine

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www.cussons.co.uk

STEAM POWER PLAnT RAnGE

This Cussons Steam Power Plant is designed as a comprehensive self-contained unit
with all relevant items of equipment factory mounted on a common steel bedplate. This
modular construction and assembly greatly reduces space and installation requirements.
The plant can operate as a steam boiler, turbo-generator or complete power plant.
Available tests include: thermal and total efficiency, consumption, boiler capacity, heat
balance, turbine power and specific steam consumption.
Further optional items such as additional boiler and superheater instrumentation, flue
gas analysers etc. though not strictly essential to the plant operation; considerably
improve the versatility, and hence teaching potential, of the equipment.
A basic laboratory scheme comprises a boiler and turbine/condenser. In addition the
complementary items; P7692 Cooling Tower, Separating and Throttling Calorimeters,
Superheater, Tanks, Blowdown Tank, Water Treatment, Interconnecting Pipework and
Lab. Design, Steam Pipework Lagging, and Installation & Commissioning may be supplied
as required.

P7690 - 1kW Steam plant

STEAM POWER PLAnT RAnGE

P7690 Series: 1KW Steam Power Plant
P7600 Series: 5kW Steam Power Plant
P7620 Series: 10kW Steam Power Plant
P7655 Series: 20kW Steam Power Plant

P7600 - 5kW Steam plant

Steam Experiments
Cussons steam benches have been designed to allow experiments to be carried out on one piece of equipment by a small group of
students. Experience has shown that the modular form of construction is the most versatile and the benches can generally be supplied
as standalone units or where more than one bench has been ordered, simply interlinked to form a continuous system.

P7670 - STEAM BOILER BEnCH

The Steam Boiler Bench is a self-contained
electric boiler supplied with all necessary
facilities to allow it to be used as a service
unit to supply steam to a range of Steam
Bench Experiments - P7671 to P7683.

P7672 - SEPARATInG & THROTTLInG

CALORIMETER BEnCH
Separating and throttling calorimeters are
used to determine the dryness fraction
or quality of steam passing through the
steam main.

P7671 - PRESSuRE/TEMPERATuRE VESSEL

BEnCH
Self-contained Steam Bench unit allows
students to investigate the relationship
between temperature and pressure
of saturated steam and compare the
experimental observations with data
published in recognised steam tables.

P7673 - LAGGInG EFFICIEnCY BEnCH

With this bench students can investigate
the efficiency of two types of lagging and
can calculate the lagging efficiency of
each type, compare the energy loss from
lagged tubes with that from unlagged
tubes and calculate the coefficient of
thermal conductivity of the lagging.

15

P7674 - EjECTOR BEnCH

P7675 - COnDEnSER BEnCH

On this apparatus students are able to

investigate the efficiency of an ejector
as a water pump and to measure the
heat transfer of steam to cooling water.

This apparatus enables students to

demonstrate the operation of the
condenser, to investigate the heat transfer
coefficient of condenser tubes and to
demonstrate the vacuum produced by the
condensing steam in a closed system.

P7676R - RECIPROCATInG STEAM EnGInE

BEnCH

P7677 - WATER TREATMEnT STuDIES BEnCH

On this bench students can test a single

cylinder steam engine and measure brake
horse power, steam consumption and
various efficiencies.

Dual purpose bench designed to

demonstrate the basic principles of
water treatment by filtration and
chemical means or to supply treated
water to a Steam Boiler Bench P7670.
The bench includes five interchangeable
clear PVC filter columns each of which
can be filled with either filter sand or
one of three ion exchange media.

P7678 - STEAM PROCESS PLAnT BEnCH

P7681 - nOzzLE RIG BEnCH

The steam heating circuit on this

bench supplies steam to a process fluid
circuit designed so that the various
processes can be clearly observed,
visually demonstrating the use of steam
in a natural circulation (thermosyphon)
reboiler for the heating of other
fluids and the distillation process.

With four different nozzles on this bench,

the students can experiment with the
variation of pressure along a nozzle
profile, the effect of back pressure
on the mass flow rate, determine the
critical pressure ratio and much more.

P7683 - DOuBLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR BEnCH

Self-contained Steam Bench allows students to determine the performance of a double effect evaporator and
compares the relative efficiencies of single effect and double effect evaporators.

Ancillary Equipment

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P7660 - SEPARATInG & THROTTLInG

CALORIMETER

P8385 - COMBuSTIOn AnD FLuE GAS

EMISSIOnS AnALYSER

This compact unit is an optional economic

separating & throttling calorimeter with a
simpler more cost-effective frame design.
The unit is used to determine the dryness
fraction of the steam supplied to steam
systems.

This compact and portable

unit measures the gas
temperature at inlet and
in stack providing high
accuracy and enabling
calculation of nett
temperature.

www.cussons.co.uk

Refrigeration
P5698E - AIR COnDITIOnInG unIT
The self-contained Air
Conditioning Unit demonstrates
the application of the principles
of thermodynamics in the field of
air conditioning. The unit provides
results over a wide range of
operating conditions and includes
a data acquisition package.

P5735 - REFRIGERATIOn
WIRInG SKILLS BEnCH

P5721 - COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATIOn

TRAInER
This training system provides functioning
refrigeration circuits utilising commercial
controls and components and provides
realistic training in setting up, operating
and fault finding refrigeration systems.
The system operates with R134a, an
environmentally acceptable refrigerant.

P5730 - HEAT PuMP DEMOnSTRATIOn unIT

The unit allows the instructor to

introduce 12 faults into a control circuit,
which has been wired by the student.
The Unit has a mimic diagram on the
front panel which simulates an actual
compressor control circuit.

The equipment clearly demonstrates the

operation of a heat pump air / water. The
system consists of: compressor, circulation
pump, flow control valve, accumulator
tank, condenser, filter / drier, expansion
valve and evaporator fan, water flow
meters, temperature sensors and pressure
display at strategic points of the process.

P5750 - VAPOuR COMPRESSIOn

REFRIGERATOR & HEAT PuMP APPARATuS

P5740 - REFRIGERATIOn SYSTEM

WITH REFRIGERATIOn CHAMBER

Cussons Refrigerator and Heat Pump

Apparatus has been developed for the
study of the thermodynamics of the
vapour compression cycle operating
as either a refrigerator or heat pump.
As a self-contained unit it includes
instrumentation to enable a comprehensive
series of experiments to be carried out,
including refrigerant cycle evaluation and
thermodynamic energy balances of the
condenser, evaporator and compressor.

This unit enables students to visualise

and study industrial refrigeration. It
integrates all of the essential components
for a desktop installation. The unit
includes a computer control system and
a troubleshooting simulation module.
The system anti-knock fluid in the
compressor ensures reliable operation
under extreme stress.

Heat Transfer & Heat Exchanger

P3210 - HEAT TRAnSFER BEnCH InCLuDInG CROSS FLOW HEAT ExCHAnGER
Cussons offers specialised test equipment to illustrate the subject of heat
exchange in fluids. All the experimental units are bench top and specially
designed to enable flexibility in the interconnections between them. The units
are also computer controlled with modern data acquisition facilities.
Accessories:
P3212 Parallel Flow Heat Exchanger
P3213 Mixed Flow Heat Exchanger

17

P3300 - RADIATIOn AnD COnVECTIOn

APPARATuS

P5687 - THERMAL COnDuCTIVITY

APPARATuS

This Thermal Radiation and Natural

Convection Heat Transfer Apparatus is
a self- contained bench mounted unit,
designed to demonstrate the essential
features of heat transfer by radiation and
natural convection from various heating
element shapes under varying conditions
of ambient pressure and element surface
temperature.

The Thermal Conductivity Apparatus

is designed for bench top use allowing
students to calculate heat flows and
temperature gradients along various
cylindrical specimens of relatively high
conductivity, such as metals, and across thin
sections of insulating material that may be
attached to one end of a metal specimen.

P5697 - BOILInG HEAT TRAnSFER APPARATuS

HEAT ExCHAnGER RAnGE

The apparatus has been developed to

permit experiments on heat transfer
from the solid to the liquid state under
conditions of convection and nucleate
boiling to be carried out and to
demonstrate the effect of film boiling.
Heat transfer takes place from a heated
horizontal nickel filament to the water or
other liquid surrounding it.

Cussons offers specialised test equipment in

the area of Heat Exchange. All experimental
units are bench top and specially designed
by modules enabling its flexibility and
interconnection between them. In addition,
the units are computer controlled allowing
full data logging and the use of data for
advanced experiments.
The Exchanger Range comprises:
P3430 Water Cooling tower
P3420 Free and forced Convection
P3400 Heat exchanger unit with optional accessories:
o P3401 Concentric Heat Exchanger
o P3402 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
o P3403 Plate Heat Exchanger
o P3404 jacketed Vessel with coil
o P3405 Tubular Heat Exchanger
o P3406 Cross Flow Heat Exchanger

Gas Turbine and Compressors

Gas turbines are increasingly used as power plants for a wide variety of applications around the world. Originally they were developed
solely for aircraft propulsion where their inherent low specific weight (i.e. mass/unit power) made them essential for high speed flight.
For this particular purpose they have been developed to a high degree of efficiency both thermodynamically and mechanically.
Industrial gas turbines have been and are being developed for such diverse applications as electrical power peak lopping stations,
firefighting pump sets, natural gas pumping and compressor units, factory power and process heating plants, heavy lorry propulsion,
rail and ship propulsion. Cussons has designed and manufactured educational gas turbines since 1970 and numerous universities use
our gas turbines for experimental and practical demonstrations.

P9005 - TWO SHAFT GAS TuRBInE

P9010E - TuRBOjET EnGInE TEST STAnD

This popular unit is a full two shaft

machine with built in starting equipment,
power absorption system and a data
logging option (P9008). It provides the
means for carrying out an extensive
programme of experiments in gas turbine
technology using only the instrumentation
provided. Particular features of the Two
Shaft Gas Turbine Unit are its versatility,
ease of operation, safety and low noise
level. All instrumentation and controls
are carried on the panel which displays the flow diagram with a
clear indication of all measurements identified by symbols and
illuminated tell-tales. Measurement of power turbine torque is by
calibrated electrical dynamometer.

Cussons has developed a turbojet engine

test stand to provide a cost effective
method of testing the performance of an
operational aero jet engine. The turbojet
test stand is mounted on a wheeled
trolley allowing it to be moved to an
operational area or stored in a convenient
location. The unit is provided with a mimic
diagram displaying the temperatures of
the gas flow and engine pressure ratio.
The unit can demonstrates the turbojet
principle, performance analysis of a
turbojet at varying power and enables the
measurement of air flow, fuel flow and rotational speed.

P9050 - TWO STAGE AIR COMPRESSOR SET

This robust educational test facility is a self-contained unit comprising two main assemblies; an instrument
and control console and a welded steel base frame which carries the dynamometer, air compressors and air
receivers. The drive system of the compressors is arranged in such a way that the test set may be used as either
a two stage machine or a single stage machine with the second stage undriven and bypassed. Apart from its
use for educational experiments, the test set may also be used in its single stage form as a compressed air
supply for the laboratory. A computer interface PV Indicating System (P9053) can be also included.

18

www.cussons.co.uk

P9080 - EnERGY BALAnCE APPARATuS

This apparatus comprises a single stage compressor coupled to an electric motor and attached to a spring
balance. This apparatus enables students to investigate the laws of thermodynamics including energy
balance, entropy and compressed volumetric efficiency.

Properties of Fuels
P5615 - BOYS GAS CALORIMETER
This Boys Gas Calorimeter has been
developed to provide a simple but
accurate method of ascertaining the
calorific values of a wide range of gaseous
fuels.

P6310 - CALORIMETER SET FOR CALORIFIC

VALuES OF FuELS (BOMB CALORIMETER)
The Cussons calorimeter is widely used in
teaching establishments for the accurate
determination of the calorific value of
liquid and solid hydrocarbons. It meets the
specifications of the Institute of Petroleum
Designation IP12/73 Heat of Combustion of
Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels For Calorimeters.

P5656 - ELECTRIC PEnSKY MARTEnS FLASH

POInT APPARATuS

P5657 - 3 CLOSED CuP FLASH POInT

APPARATuS

As the most popular flash point apparatus,

the Pensky Martens method is designed
to determine the flash point of petroleum
products with flash points up to a
maximum temperature of 370C and in so
doing conforms to a number of ASTM, ISO,
UN class and EN standards. Compatible
with bio-fuel testing.

The electrically heated flash point

apparatus is designed to determine the
flash point of petroleum products and
semi-solids with Flash/No Flash tests
in a temperature range of 10 - 130C. It
conforms to the ASTM D3278; ASTM
D3828; ASTM E502; IP 303 (obs); IP 523
standards and many more. Compatible
with bio-fuel testing.

Sectioned Thermodynamics Equipment

Cussons sectioned instructional units have been designed to enable the maximum educational value to be obtained from actual
equipment in use today. Cussons offers components from refrigeration and air conditioning plant, pumps, valves and steam equipment.
Where necessary, units are painted in contrasting colours to show the sectioning clearly and highlight points of interest.
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
P2255 Sectioned Refrigeration Compressor
P2256 Board of Sectioned Refrigeration Components
P2257 Sectioned Hermetic Refrigeration Unit
P2258 Sectioned Air Conditioning Unit
Pumps
P2265
P2266
P2267
P2268
P2269
P2270
P2271

Sectioned
Sectioned
Sectioned
Sectioned
Sectioned
Sectioned
Sectioned

Centrifugal Water Pump (motorised)

Reciprocating Water Pump
Vane Pump (air)
Diaphragm Pump (air)
Gear Pump (oil power hydraulics)
Swash Plate Pump (oil power hydraulics)
Mono Pump

Valves and Steam Plant

P2285 Sectioned Gate Valve
P2286 Sectioned Globe Valve
P2287 Board of Sectioned Pipe Fittings
P2288 Sectioned Reducing Valve (air or gas)
P2289 Sectioned Rotary Ball Valve
P2295 Sectioned Steam Trap
P2296 Sectioned Steam Separator
P2297 Sectioned Steam Ejector
P2298 Sectioned Pressure Relief Valve (steam)
P2299 Sectioned Condenser
P2300 Sectioned Steam Engine
P2301
Sectioned Steam Injector

In addition to the listed products, Cussons can undertake to section a

wide range of equipment to meet specific requirements.

19

Automotive

Automotive
For eighty years Cussons Technology has designed
and manufactured engine test beds for universities
and industry. Our design and engineering team
integrates engines of different types and sizes within
dynamometer-equipped test beds to suit a multitude
of educational and research requirements.
Test bed instrumentation - also offered on a stand-alone
basis - includes equipment for measuring air flow, fuel flow,
temperature, torque, speed, emissions etc. With decades of
automotive industry experience, Cussons has an excellent
understanding of what is required in education and has
completed several hundred installations world-wide from the
simplest test bed to major engine test facilities.

20
20

www.cussons.co.uk

Engine Test Beds

P8250 - AuTOMOTIVE 1 EnGInE TEST BED
PETROL & DIESEL EnGInE OPTIOnS

P8150 - AuTOMOTIVE EnGInE TEST BED

- VARIABLE COMPRESSIOn FACILITY

A bench top unit offered with P8251

Petrol and P8252 Diesel four stroke,
air cooled engine options. Engines can
accept a cylinder pressure transducer
and crank angle encoder (See P8005
electronic engine indicating (PV) system).
Experimental capabilities include
determination of:

A self-contained unit with integrated

four stroke, single cylinder, air cooled
spark ignition engine and an electrical
dynamometer capable of absorbing 2.2
kW and starting/motoring the engine. Two
additional cylinder heads are included
to provide scope for investigations at
three different compression ratios. The
engine can accept a cylinder pressure
transducer and crank angle encoder. (See
P8005 electronic engine indicating (PV) system). Extensive
experimental capabilities include determination of:

1. Engine performance curves at full and part load

2. Efficiency and variation of specific fuel consumption with speed
and load
3. Effect of mixture strength on performance and fuel
consumption
4. Gasoline engine includes AFR meter

1. Mixture strength
4. Effect of compression ratio
2. Spark advance characteristics
changes
3. Frictional power losses

P8160 - SInGLE CYLInDER EnGInE TEST

BED - EnGInE OPTIOnS uP TO 7KW

P8001/P8002 - MuLTI-CYLInDER
EnGInE TEST BEDS

A self-contained unit with an air

cooled 7kW/4,000 RPM eddy current
dynamometer. A wide range of engines
may be used and Cussons offers models
covering two/four stroke, air/water cooling
and spark/compression ignition. These
engines can accept a cylinder pressure
transducer and crank angle encoder.
(See P8005 electronic engine indicating
(PV) system). Extensive experimental capabilities include
determination of:

Self-contained spark and compression ignition units are offered

with integrated data acquisition. Both include modern, multicylinder, four stroke, water cooled, fuel injected engines which
can accept a cylinder pressure transducer and crank angle
encoder. (See P8005 electronic engine indicating (PV) system).
The engines may be run on alternative fuels and a factory-fitted
LPG conversion kit (P8003) is available for the spark ignition
engine. Extensive experimental capabilities include determination
of:

1. Engine performance curves at full and part load

2. Volumetric efficiency
3. Fuel consumption mixture loops
4. Air/Fuel ratio
5. Frictional power losses
6. Heat and energy balances

1. Four stroke engine performance curves at full and part load

2. Engine efficiency and variation of specific fuel consumption
with speed and load
3. Brake Mean Effective Pressure
4. Exhaust, water, oil and air temperatures
5. Heat and energy balances

P8750 - MuLTICYLInDER EnGInE TEST BED - MuLTIPLE EnGInE OPTIOnS

An advanced engine test bed with integrated data acquisition optimised for academic studies
and offering significant scope for research. The unit is compatible with a range of engines and
utilises an eddy current dynamometer. The test bed is offered with a spark or compression
ignition four stroke multi-cylinder engine but both may be supplied and interchanged on-site.
Standard engines accept a cylinder pressure transducer and crank angle encoder. (See P8005
electronic engine indicating (PV) system). A compact external cooling tower (P8751) is available
to reduce reliance on mains water for energy dissipation. Extensive experimental capabilities
include determination of:
Engine options:
P8615 4-Stroke Water Cooled Petrol Engine
P8616 4-Stroke Water Cooled Diesel Engine
P8617 4-Stroke Water Cooled Petrol Engine converted to CnG Engine

Autotrainers
P8952/P8962 - AuTOTRAInER TEST STAnDS
Engine test stands for vocational training fitted with fuel injected four stroke four cylinder liquid cooled
engines. Petrol (P8952) and diesel (P8962) versions are offered both supplied complete with starter motor,
alternator, water pump, fuel pump, flywheel, flywheel guard and throttle assembly ready for running.

21

Instrumentation and Accessories

P7190 - P7217 - LAMInAR FLOW METER RAnGE

P7300/P7302 - IMPuLSE SWIRL METER RAnGE

A selection of laminar flow meters

(LFMs) for measuring the pulsating air
flows in IC engine air intakes. Eleven
models are offered suitable for measuring
airflows across a wide range. An airflow
measurement and data acquisition system
(P7032) is also offered for use with these
LFMs.

Two units are offered to measure swirl in

the air drawn into an engine cylinder. Both
are equally effective with blow or suction
induced flow in either the upward or
downward direction. Cussons also designs
and manufactures custom research
equipment such as complete port flow rigs
for light duty ports (including parts for
tumble) and for heavy duty ports etc.

P8005 - ELECTROnIC EnGInE InDICATInG (PV) SYSTEM FOR EnGInE TEST BEDS
A factory-fitted option for almost all engines offered for use on Cussons test beds. A low cost
pressure-vs-volume engine indicating solution with high speed data acquisition and graphical
display on a host PC.

Automotive & Gas Analysers

Cussons offers high quality gas analysers enabling students to test and monitor exhaust gases and emissions in the area of automotive
technology. All analysers are compatible with our Engine Test Beds and meet the international standards and accreditations for exhaust
gas analysers.

P8227 - VOLuMETRIC FuEL FLOW

MEASuREMEnT SYSTEM

P8261 - P8265 - ExHAuST GAS CALORIMETER

RAnGE

A self-contained unit for the supply and measurement of fuel use

at controlled pressure for both petrol or diesel engines.
Continuous Flow Measurement
Designed for high fuel recirculating rate
Pelton wheel design transducer
Analogue output proportional to flow rate
Digital display of flow rate
Totaliser with reset facility
Pressure controlled fuel delivery
Suitable for both diesel and gasoline fuels

A selection of exhaust gas calorimeters

with instrumentation to enable the heat
energy content of exhaust gases to be
accurately determined.

P8360 - P8373 - BLOWBY METER RAnGE

P8390 - ExHAuST GAS AnALYSER

A selection of digital blowby meters to

measure the gas flow from crankcases
which may be easily incorporated into
engine ventilation systems. Each meter
includes a flow transducer and a digital
display module.

This 19 inch rack mounted exhaust gas analyser provides a cost

effective solution for determining the concentrations of pollutants
and oxygen in the exhaust gases from spark or compression
ignition IC engines optimised for all current and envisaged future
requirements. It provides gas detection with high measurement
accuracy and long term stability. The gases which may be
detected are CO, CO2, O2, HC, SO2 and NOx.

Sectioned Automotive Equipment

Cussons sectioned instructional units have been designed to enable the maximum educational value to be
obtained from actual equipment in use today. The range comprises assemblies and components from motor
vehicles. Where necessary, units are painted in contrasting colours to show the sectioning clearly and highlight
points of interest.

22

www.cussons.co.uk

Environmental & Clean Energies

Environmental &
Clean Energies
World attention has been focused on the use of
consumable resources by the Kyoto Agreement
and by the mounting evidence for climate change.
Academics and students are particularly aware
of environmental issues and are motivated to
study renewable energy sources. The engineering
disciplines encountered within a study of renewable
energy technologies are often applicable as part of
broader mechanical or aeronautical courses. Cussons
range of renewable energy laboratory experiments
and demonstrations are designed to teach students
the principles underlying renewable energy
technologies. Each manual explains the theory
behind the experiment in a way that allows it to be
applied within a dedicated renewable energy module
or as an interesting part of other engineering courses.

23

Wind Turbine Dynamometer Range

Wind energy provided one of the earliest forms of mechanical power with a wide range of momentum based wind-powered machines
(windmills). Today full size wind turbines typically use the lift generated by aerofoils to provide torque to the electrical generator.
Whilst most modern wind turbines are horizontal axis types, there is also support for emerging vertical axis designs. Cussons provides
a range of products to permit realistic experiments with flat bladed horizontal axis wind turbines including considerations of energy
extraction and forces on the structure.

P3130A - WInD GEnERATOR SET

The P3130A Wind Generator Set is designed to test small scale wind power turbines
of up to 450 mm blade diameter. The equipment is designed to allow use inside a
laboratory that does not have access to a wind tunnel. Students can measure power
coefficients, compare power coefficients to theoretical limits (the Betz limit), produce
power curves for stall regulated and pitch regulated turbines and determine thrust
coefficients etc.

WInD TuRBInE DYnAMOMETER RAnGE

Dynamometers are used within industrial and other test facilities to verify the
performance and reliability of wind turbines and other commercial machines. Cussons
Wind Turbine Dynamometer range enables small scale turbine blade designs to be tested
and the results of their performance validated with complete control of the external
variables. Options are:
P3131A Wind Turbine Dynamometer - Basic Version
P3132A Wind Turbine Dynamometer - Instrumented hub (slip rings)
P3133A Wind Turbine Dynamometer - Instrumented hub (telemetry)

BLADES FOR WInD DYnAMOMETER

P3134A & P3136A 2/4 OR 3 BLADE InSTRuMEnTATED HuB
The 2/4 and 3 blade instrumented hubs include two strain gauged blade root elements to
measure blade bending moments in two planes. One set of flat blades is included and a
protractor gauge is supplied to measure pitch angle.
P3137A & P3138A 2/4 OR 3 BLADE nOn InSTRuMEnTED HuB
The 2/4 and 3 blade non-instrumented hubs are supplied with one set of flat blades and
a protractor gauge is supplied to measure pitch angle.

P3150 - WInD TuRBInE TRAInER unIT

The equipment is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of a wind turbine plant
and its whole operation. The layout is very visual and intuitive for teaching purposes. This is
achieved by the provision of equipment in schematic and plugging panels. In addition, the unit
has a full computer control system.

24

www.cussons.co.uk

Solar & Fuel Cell

Solar energy has been used for thousands of years to dry crops and fuels naturally and provides the basis for biomass energy of course.
Direct use of solar energy is illustrated in the solar distillation of water, solar water heating and in the production of electricity by
photovoltaic cells.
Cussons provides a range of solar energy products to permit realistic experiments in each of these three fields. Many interesting
engineering challenges are presented in understanding solar energy use.
Students are often interested in small scale solar energy use and compact indoor laboratory equipment to illustrate the principles is
desirable. Each product manual lays out the theory behind the experiment so that it may be used within a dedicated renewable energy
programme or as an interesting part of other engineering teaching modules. Each solar apparatus may be used externally with natural
sunlight or with Cussons indoor light kits which allow studies to be conducted at any time of the year. Data may be recorded manually
or through the use of data acquisition equipment.
Fuel cells are a flexible form of energy storage that have the potential to dominate transport and local power supply during the 21st
century but many students will have no direct experience of them. Cussons provides a series of hydrogen fuel cell experiments and
practical work which can familiarise students with this emerging technology.

P7140 - SOLAR EnERGY DEMOnSTRATIOn

The P7140 Solar Energy
Demonstration unit allows students
to gain an appreciation of the total
heat capture of a solar thermal
energy panel and an understanding
of their relative efficiency. Students
are able to vary the water flow rate
and angle of incidence of the unit
to measure the change in energy
collection performance.

P7130/P7135 - SOLAR DISTILLATIOn

APPARATuS BASIn AnD THIn FILM TYPE
The Solar Distillation Apparatus
enables students to measure output
and efficiency against solar energy
input, amount of base insulation and
brine depth. The effects of different
absorbent surfaces, inclination, ambient
temperature, wind velocity and the
effect of cooling the glass cover may
also be investigated

P9065 - SOLAR EnERGY MAnAGEMEnT unIT

The equipment reproduces a full scale solar photovoltaic installation. The system offers a
wide variety of energy tests, observation and analysis of the performance of PV panels:
- PV Panel as independent system, series and parallel.
- Simulations with batteries in series or in parallel.
- Direct access to DC converter and DC to AC.
- PV system as isolated system or connected to the network.

P9060 - PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR POWER unIT

P9040 - FuEL CELL DEMOnSTRATIOn unIT

This unit provides students

the means of collecting and
storing solar power, measuring
the energy available from
it and investigating the
performance of a photovoltaic
unit. The package enables
both electrical and mechanical
power to be obtained yet it
does not require the use of
complicated reflecting systems
in order to concentrate the solar energy.

The P9040 Fuel Cell

Demonstration Unit provides
a working desk top proton
exchange membrane fuel
cell as the basis for student
investigations including
measurement of efficiency

25

Applied Mechanics

Applied Mechanics
The important subjects of dynamics, balancing,
vibrations, whirling and other basic principles of
applied mechanics are covered with this range of
products. The equipment has evolved from designs
originating within academic institutions to fulfil the
requirements of a modern mechanical engineering
curriculum. Introductory studies through to advanced
investigations are possible and each piece of
equipment is supplied with comprehensive user
manuals as with all Cussons equipment.

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www.cussons.co.uk

Theory of Machines
P1150 - STATIC & DYnAMIC BALAnCInG
MACHInE

P1901 - TORSIOnAL VIBRATIOnS APPARATuS

This experiment has been developed to

provide a means for accurate experimental
work in the balancing of rigid rotors.
The design of the machine adheres to
industrial practice and it may be used to
balance real rotors in addition to the fivedisc rotor provided.

This experiment enables students

to understand dynamically
induced stresses arising in
mechanically resonant systems
such as transmission shafts and
engine crank shafts. An additional
Linear Vibration Apparatus P1906
is available and this extends the
range of experiments with the
P1901.

P1906 - LInEAR VIBRATIOn APPARATuS

P2072 - FLETCHER TROLLEY APPARATuS

The Linear Vibration Apparatus extends

the range of experiments of the P1901
Torsional Vibration Apparatus. The
apparatus provides the student with an
introductory course on linear vibration.
The practical experiments with their direct
relationship to common design situations
give an insight into vibration phenomena
and illuminate the fundamental theory.

The Fletcher Trolley Apparatus is

the classic equipment for both linear
and angular motion investigations.
Measurement of velocity and
acceleration, experiments on
momentum and angular acceleration
and determination of acceleration
due to gravity are possible with this
apparatus.

P5464 - InCLInED PLAnE / SLIDInG

FRICTIOn APPARATuS

P2776 - EnERGY OF FLYWHEEL

This apparatus enables students to

measure the coefficient of friction
for several combinations of materials.
The robust apparatus is of all metal
construction with an inclinable 90 cm
ground steel plane.

P5226 - AnGuLAR ACCELERATIOn

APPARATuS
This apparatus enables students to
investigate the angular acceleration of a
solid cylindrical body caused by the action
of a falling mass. It provides a number
of interesting experiments relating to
the kinematics and dynamics of rotating
systems.

The Energy of Flywheel apparatus is

an extremely robust and versatile unit
comprising a flywheel - the mass of
which may be varied by adding and
removing two rings and one disc mounted upon a heavy duty stand. The
unit also includes a vibrating arm to
enable traces to be drawn on a paper
strip positioned on the circumference
of the flywheel.

P2799 - CEnTRIPETAL FORCE APPARATuS

The Centripetal Force Apparatus
enables accurate determinations of the
relationship between force, mass radius
and angular velocity for a rotating
body.

P5428 - WHIRLInG OF SHAFTS APPARATuS

The Whirling of Shafts Apparatus enables students to investigate the whirling of a long
thin shaft supported at its ends, whirling of a shaft with concentrated masses, whirling of
a continuous shaft and whirling of a shaft with intermediate nodes.

27

P5377 - ELECTRICAL GYROSCOPE COMPLETE

WITH DIGITAL TACHOMETER
This Electrical Gyroscope has been
designed to demonstrate the relationships
between gyroscopic speed, gyroscopic
inertia, external applied torque and
precession. A separate hand-held optical
tachometer is provided for accurate
measurement of the gyroscope rotor
speed.

P5013 - jOuRnAL FRICTIOn APPARATuS

This apparatus provides a wide range
of laboratory experiments on journal
bearings within a self-contained unit.
Various options make it possible to
measure journal friction, map the
hydrodynamic pressure of the oil film
and determine the bearing attitude of a
journal bearing using only the optional
instrumentation 5014 and P5015.

P5000 - FREE AnD FORCED VIBRATIOn APPARATuS

The Free and Forced Vibration Apparatus has been developed to present vibration phenomena
with viscous damping in a way that may be easily perceived and accurately analysed.

Strength of Materials
P5030 - unIVERSAL TESTInG MACHInES
Cussons is able to offer digital testing machines ranging from 25kN to 1,000kN capacity with high precision
control and accuracy and including automated computer control of test methods for simplicity of operation.
These UTMs have 800% overload capability (load cells), small footprint, high resolution, self-cleaning ballscrews and an extensive suite of software. A range of different grips and fixtures for tension and compression is
available.
P5030 25 universal Testing Machines 25kn
P5030 50 universal Testing Machines 50kn
P5030 100 universal Testing Machines 100kn
P5030 500 universal Testing Machines 500kn
P5030 600 universal Testing Machines 600kn

P4334 - TORSIOn APPARATuS

The Torsion Apparatus is bench mounted and consists of a horizontal unit which can accept specimens up to
6 mm diameter and 450 mm length. The torsion head is supported in ball bearings and torque is applied by a
hanger and masses. Angular displacement is measured by a dial and pointer which can slide along the base to
enable readings to be taken at any point.

P2180 - ExTEnSIOn & COMPRESSIOn OF

SPRInGS
The Extension and Compression of Springs
apparatus is a wall mounted unit which
enables students to determine the load
and deflection relationship for close coiled
springs as well as concepts of Modulus of
Rigidity.

28

www.cussons.co.uk

P1206 - RuBBER BLOCK APPARATuS

The Rubber Block Apparatus is a wall
mounted unit which enables students
to investigate the shear stress and shear
strain in a rubber slab. It introduces
students to the concept of Modulus of
Rigidity.

Structures
Cussons Structures range comprises a standard test frame with loading and
measurement facilities plus a series of different test structures which fit into the frame.
This range provides an excellent introduction to structures for demonstration and for
experiments at technician and undergraduate level. The equipment is complemented by
Cussons structures software which provides an interactive system for the input of loads
and calculation of displacements. Many teachers find that the traditional weights and dial
gauge system is just as effective for teaching purposes however.
P4120 Frame Bench / Floor mounted
P4125 Deflection of Beams
P4126 Buckling of Struts
P4127 Measurement of Shear Forces
P4128 Measurement of Bending Moment
P4130 Rigidly Supported Arch
P4131 Two Hinged Arch
P4132 Three Hinged Arch
P4133 Suspension Bridge
P4134 Forces in a Truss
P4135 Portal Frame
P4140 Plastic deflection of beam
P4141 Plastic deflection of portal

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Process Control Engineering

Process Control
Engineering
A practical understanding of Process Control
Engineering is essential in most industries. The
Cussons range of process control engineering
products presents the students with a broad cross
section of control techniques and typical applications
used in practice.
The products demonstrate the function of the individual
components of control loops and allow the students to change
parameters observing effects and to follow a full experimental
program using the manuals provided.
To prepare students, operators and maintenance staff to
understand the automated environment in industry, Cussons
offers a range of products for electrical and mechanical control
engineering and instrumentation. The products are designed
to be either self-paced or instructor taught with a curriculum
which is easy to understand. Hands-on training programmes
simulate real life working conditions. Industry standard quality
components are used throughout.

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www.cussons.co.uk

P7665 - BOILER COnTROL DEMOnSTRATIOn

AnD FAuLT SIMuLATIOn unIT
The Boiler Control unit
along with its software
simulation allows
students to investigate
the operation of a steam
generation plant. Altering
the system properties
allows the user to simulate
a wide range of boiler
systems for periods up to
24 hours and adjustments
to the operating
parameters may be made whilst the simulation is running to allow
the investigation of transients on the system.

P3005 - PROCESS COnTROL SIMuLATOR

The Process Control
Simulator is a self-contained
laboratory scale industrial
system (bench type model
- under development)
that allows the principles
underlying modern industrial
control equipment to be
studied in the context of
process operations. The unit
may be used to investigate
pressure, flow, temperature,
level and cascade control
utilising pneumatic and
microprocessor-based PID controllers.

P3009 - PRESSuRE COnTROL APPARATuS,

THREE TERM PnEuMATIC

P3010 - FLOW COnTROL APPARATuS, THREE

TERM ELECTROnIC

This Pressure Control

Apparatus is designed to
demonstrate automatic
control of the pressure
within a vessel. The unit
enables students to
investigate the effects of
changing the parameters
of the control algorithm
(proportional band,
integral action and
derivative time) on the control capability of the system.

This Flow Control Apparatus

is designed to demonstrate
automatic control of the
flow of water delivered by
a centrifugal pump. The
unit enables students to
investigate the effects of
changing the parameters
of the control algorithm
(proportional band, integral
action and derivative time)
on the control capability of
the system.

P3015 - LEVEL COnTROL APPARATuS, THREE

TERM ELECTROnIC

P3035 - TEMPERATuRE COnTROL

APPARATuS, THREE TERM ELECTROnIC

This Level Control

System is designed to
allow numerous level
control experiments to be
performed within a typical
laboratory session. The
unit enables students to
investigate the effects of
changing the parameters
of the control algorithm
and changes can be made
to the process conditions
by adjustment of the flow
into the vessel.

The Temperature Control

Apparatus illustrates the
control of temperature
in a simulated reactor
vessel by controlling the
supply of coolant (air) in
response to changes in
process conditions. The unit
provides students with the
opportunity of investigating
the effects of a change of
controller parameters (proportional band, integral and derivative
times) on the control capability of the system. The unit is made
up of typical items of control equipment currently used in
industrial applications, thereby providing an excellent opportunity
for familiarisation.

P3020 - ACIDITY (PH) COnTROL APPARATuS

P3030 - PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC COnTROL

MODuLE

The pH Control
Apparatus is designed to
demonstrate the control
of the acidity of a water
supply by chemical dosing.
Two methods are available
to control the addition
of the dosing chemical,
either slug (on-off) dosing
or continuous controlled
injection.

The Programmable Logic

Control Module (PLC) is
designed to be connected
to a range of experiments
for simulating an automatic
process. The unit has digital
inputs and relay outputs
which, when connected to
the experiments, may be
used to start and stop pumps, select remote set point inputs and
create disturbances to a process by opening or closing solenoid
valves.

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P3700 - Three Phase Separation Training Unit

The Three Phase Separator is an essential resource for teaching engineering
students and oil & gas or process industry personnel. It enables students to
investigate the effects of separation pressure and flow/residence time etc. on
the separation dynamics. Experimental coverage includes flow vs residence
time, flow vs composition, pressure vs flow, pressure vs composition and
temperature vs composition (latter by means of simulation).

P3600 - Industrial Process Plant Trainer

The Plant Trainer has been designed to provide a unique opportunity to train
technicians on an industrial process plant in a safe, controlled and supervised
environment. The trainer is the perfect tool to offer training courses in
Plant Maintenance, Control Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical
Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering and Health
and Safety Engineering. Use of this equipment by companies such as BP and
Shell, has allowed their technicians to gain hands on experience of a real, full
size process plant facility without the obvious danger of contamination due
to leakage, human error or expensive equipment damage

P3620 - Multiphase Flow Unit

The Multiphase Flow Unit which is particularly suitable for oil and
gascourses enables students to study 2- and 3-phase flow (oil, water and
compressed air) by means of once through experimental runs followed
by gravitational separation. The unit provides for various investigations
including single phase flow, hydrostatic and dynamic pressure investigations,
hold-up time and slip velocity, 2-phase separation and superficial velocity,
drift velocity in air/water flow, 2-phase flow, 2-phase and 3-phase flow
separation rates, bubble structures and bubble sizes. The unit is operated
via a touch-screen PC with SCADA software and may be specified with an
electrical capacitance tomography sensor option for advanced studies in
flow and bubble structure imaging.

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www.cussons.co.uk

Marine Hydrodynamics

Marine Hydrodynamics
Cussons Technology has built on the success of its
Kempf & Remmers Range of Research Hydrodynamics
test equipment and its knowledge of tertiary
educational engineering equipment to produce a
new range of Educational hydrodynamic equipment
to complement smaller facilities. The Equipment is
designed to be robust for student use, and consistent
in its results and accuracy as many of the components
are inherited from the Kempf & Remmers Range.
The Purpose is to allow the lecturer demonstrations
to be carried out with ease, and for the students to
undertake a range of experiments with repeatable
results and reasonable accuracy.

33

Educational Towing Carriages

Cussons has a whole new range of towing carriages aimed at University and Educational Institutes that do not have the room for the
larger scale research grade facilities. This range of unmanned carriages, are light weight, highly rigid & robust platforms that allow a
wide variety of equipment to be attached from them. The carriages are controlled and operated by a shore based Wireless supervisory
control and data logging / acquisition system.

C20E - EDuCATIOnAL TOWInG CARRIAGE

C40E - EDuCATIOnAL TOWInG CARRIAGE

Designed to suit
a towing tank
2m wide, with
minimum length 40
up to a maximum
of 70m (maximum
rail length is 60m) Max Speed 3m/s

Designed to suit
a towing tank
4m wide, with
minimum length 40
up to a maximum
of 70m (maximum
rail length is 60m)
- Max Speed 3m/s
(however 4m/s is
possible)

DYnAMOMETERS FOR EDuCATIOnAL TOWInG CARRIAGES

A variety of dynamometers can be supplied for use with the educational carriages, these
are interfaced with he support frame for connection to ship models or fitting of propeller
models. These include:
R35E Educational Resistance Dynamometer
R200E Educational Multi Component Ship / Yacht Model Balance
V110E - Educational Ship Stability Dynamometer
H75E - Educational Open Water Propeller / Turbine Dynamometer R75E - Educational SelfPropulsion
R31E, R42E & R43E Traditional Self-Propulsion Dynamometer for educational scaled models

ADDITIOnAL EQuIPMEnT & InSTRuMEnTATIOn

We also supply additional equipment which can be used in conjunction with the
towing carriage for model manufacturing & measuring facilities:
R28E - Educational Scaled Model Guiding Arms
V122E - Educational High Speed Camera System
n10E - Educational Wake Rake with Integrated Pressure Transducers
M150E - Educational 1.5m Offshore Support Vessel / Trawler Model
H75P Set of Educational Scaled Propeller models
R67 - Tank Pit mounted Offshore & floor mounted static model 6 component balance

Educational Wave Makers & Wave Absorbing Beaches

Cussons Technology wave makers incorporate proven software techniques for wave generator control
and can include software links to towing carriages to optimise test duration. Wave Technology is
a rapidly advancing science - new or modified products are continually being developed to meet
unique experimental needs, including those associated with the offshore industrys deep-sea
exploration research programmes. Our wave maker designs include:
W20E/W40E - Wet Back Hinge Flap Regular / Irregular Wave Maker
W20EB/W40EB Hybrid Resonant Tuneable Wave Absorbing Beach
R23E - Educational Carriage Mounted Wave Probe

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Educational Cavitation Tunnels

Cussons offers a range of small Cavitation Tunnels developed from the Kempf and Remmers designs for use in the laboratories of
Technical Universities. The Tunnels are manufactured from high grade materials to resist corrosion and fouling. Each of our Educational
Range of Tunnels is supplied with optional control and data-acquisition systems. The data acquisition system interface is based on
National Instruments Front End for development with Labview.

K14 - EDuCATIOnAL CAVITATIOn TunnEL

A small but carefully made circulating water tunnel with pressure
regulation for cavitation tests, which is suitable for various kinds of
experimental and demonstration work on flow and cavitation. The
tunnel provides a range of experiments in either hydrodynamic,
aerospace or civil engineering.

K23 - RESEARCH CAVITATIOn TunnEL - EnTRY LEVEL

This is a Small Research Cavitation Tunnel with 3
different interchangeable measuring sections available:
- 300mm x 300mm Measuring Section Max Speed 9m/s
- 425mm x 425mm Measuring Section Max Speed 5m/s
- Asymmetric 630mm x 350mm Measuring Section Max Speed 4m/s

EDuCATIOnAL CAVITATIOn TunnEL DYnAMOMETERS

There is a full range of equipment available to compliment these facilities including; Open-water propeller
dynamometers, force and moment balances, wake rakes and pitot static Prandtl probes. Please see the list on
the adjacent page. Within the standard K14 and the K23 square sections we would recommend the use of the
Open water propeller dynamometers that can be mounted either down-stream of the flow in the traditional
open water mode, or upstream of the flow where it can be installed with wake screens to simulate the wake
of the hull.
External Mounted Dynamometers for use in Tunnels
for Open Water Propeller testing in the following
ranges:
R33E Rated Max Torque 15Nm, Rated Max Thrust
400N at 3500rpm. Rated Max Torque 30Nm,
Rated Max Thrust 600N at 3500rpm.
R73E Rated Max Torque 15Nm, Rated Max Thrust
400N at 3500rpm. Rated Max Torque 30Nm,
Rated Max Thrust 600N at 3500rpm.

Component Balance range:

The R30 Three Component Balance is designed for
use in the measuring section of water tunnels with
pressure regulation for cavitation tests.
The R35 Single Component Balance can be used
in air as well as under water, including within a
Cavitation Tunnel.
The R37 Six Component Balance is designed for
testing rudders, hydrofoils and ship appendages
within medium sized measuring sections of
Cavitation Tunnels.

EDuCATIOnAL CAVITATIOn TunnEL InSTRuMEnTATIOn

Cussons offers a large variety of instrumentation for hydrodynamic studies. Our
range of Wake Rakes, Pitot Tubes and High Speed Cameras allow the experimental
work associated with new research being undertaken in many parts of the world.
J19 Wake Rake with Integrated Pressure Transducers for use Tunnels
K23-06 Pitot Static Tube for use in measuring section of Tunnel
V121E High Speed / Frame Rate Camera system for observing cavitation.
V140 B&K Cavitation Tunnel Hydrophone system
V123E Flat Plate and Cylinder Model Experiment for use in Tunnels

35

HEAD OFFICE
Cussons Technology Limited
Cussons Technology Ltd
Great Clowes Street
Manchester
M7 1RH
TEL:

+44 (0)161 833 0036

FAx:

+44 (0)161 834 4688

E-MAIL:

sales@cussons.co.uk

www.cussons.co.uk