Bihar Elections 2015

Media Resource Book for Bihar Assembly Elections 2015
Media
Resource
Book:
Bihar
Assembly
Elections
2015
Press Information Bureau

Government of India
Disclaimer: This Media Resource Book for Bihar Assembly Elections 2015 has
been prepared by the Press Information Bureau (PIB) solely for the purpose of
providing information about past General Elections (Parliamentary / Assembly)
conducted by the Election Commission of India (ECI) to the media persons. Though
all efforts have been made by the officers of the PIB to ensure the accuracy &
currency of the contours of this book, the same should not be construed as a
statement of law or used for any legal purposes. In case of any ambiguity or
doubts, readers are advised to verify /check with the website of ECI or other
sources.
Statistical Sources & References: The Statistical information/data of past

General Elections and various Orders of the Election Commission of India (ECI)
have been taken from the ECIs website (www.eci.nic.in)
For Feedback:
Please email Shri Rajesh Malhotra, Director (M&C), Election Commission of India,
Press Information Bureau. Email address: rajeshmalhotra63@gmail.com
Contents
Page No
Chapter 1............................................................................................................................................................... 5
Schedule for General Election to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar State ........................................................... 5
Chapter 2............................................................................................................................................................. 24
Name of Assembly Constituencies ....................................................................................................................... 24
(With separate constituencies reserved for SC & ST) ......................................................................................... 24
Chapter 3............................................................................................................................................................. 36
A Snapshot of 2015 Bihar Electorate .................................................................................................................. 36
Chapter 4............................................................................................................................................................. 50
Gender Composition of Electors .......................................................................................................................... 50
Chapter 5............................................................................................................................................................. 64
A Snapshot of Newly Eligible Electors ................................................................................................................. 64
Chapter 6............................................................................................................................................................. 68
Elector - Population Ratio ................................................................................................................................... 68
Chapter 7 ...................................................................................................................................................... 82
Top and Bottom Districts and Constituencies by Electorate Size....................................................................... 82
Chapter 8............................................................................................................................................................. 85
LIST OF PARTICIPATING POLITICAL PARTIES in Bihar Assembly Election 2010 ............................................. 85
Chapter 9............................................................................................................................................................. 91
Representation of Political Parties in Current (15th) State Assembly as on the date of Constitution and
strength of each party as on 30.6.2015 ............................................................................................................... 91
Chapter 10 .......................................................................................................................................................... 93
Winners & Runners-Up in Bihar Assembly Election 2010 .................................................................................. 93
Chapter 11 ........................................................................................................................................................ 103
List of winning Candidates with winning Margin less than 5000 votes in Bihar Assembly Election 2010
(Margin Less 5000 in Dark Red Color) .............................................................................................................. 103
Chapter 12 ........................................................................................................................................................ 113
Seats won by Parties in SC Constituencies in Bihar Assembly Election 2010 .................................................. 113
Chapter 13 ........................................................................................................................................................ 117
Performance of Women Candidates in Bihar Assembly Election 2010 ............................................................ 117
Chapter 14 ........................................................................................................................................................ 142
Assembly wise data of Electorate with Gender Composition During 2010 Assembly Election ....................... 142
Chapter 15 ........................................................................................................................................................ 338
EVOLUTION OF ELECTORAL SYSTEM OF INDIA .............................................................................................. 338
Chapter16 ......................................................................................................................................................... 342
Electoral Laws of India ...................................................................................................................................... 342

Chapter 17 ........................................................................................................................................................ 347
Expenditure Monitoring Mechanism ............................................................................................................... 347
Chapter 18 ........................................................................................................................................................ 350
SVEEP - For Making Elections Inclusive ............................................................................................................ 350
Chapter 19 ........................................................................................................................................................ 358
Indelible Ink: Mark on finger, A moment of Pride ............................................................................................. 358
Chapter 20 ........................................................................................................................................................ 360
MODEL CODE OF CONDUCT & ITS EVOLUTION ............................................................................................. 360
Chapter 20 A ..................................................................................................................................................... 371
MODEL CODE OF CONDUCT FAQs .................................................................................................................. 371
Chapter 22 ........................................................................................................................................................ 378
ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE - FAQs ........................................................................................................... 378
Chapter 24 ........................................................................................................................................................ 393
NOTA-None of the Above.................................................................................................................................. 393
Chapter 25 ........................................................................................................................................................ 396
ELECTION PROCESS - FAQs ............................................................................................................................... 396
Chapter 26 ........................................................................................................................................................ 415
VOTERS ENROLLMENT PROCESS- FAQs ........................................................................................................... 415
Chapter 27 ........................................................................................................................................................ 422
IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF REPRESENTATION OF PEOPLE ACT, 1951 ...................................................... 422
Sec 8: Disqualification on conviction for certain offences: ............................................................. 422
Sec 8A: Disqualification on ground of corrupt practices:................................................................ 424
Sec 34. Deposits: ...................................................................................................................................... 424
Section 52: Death of a Candidate of a recognized political party before poll:............................. 425
Section 77: Account of election expenses and maximum thereof: ............................................... 426
Sec 123. Corrupt practices: ................................................................................................................... 427
Sec. 126: Prohibition of public meetings during period of forty eight hours ending with hour
fixed for conclusion of poll: ................................................................................................................... 431
Chapter 28 ........................................................................................................................................................ 435
MAXIMUM ELECTION EXPENSES UNDER RULE 90 OF CONDUCT OF ELECTION RULES, 1961 .................... 435
Chapter 29 ........................................................................................................................................................ 437
The Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968(as amended up to July, 2013) .................... 437
Chapter 30 ........................................................................................................................................................ 440
ELECTION COMMISSIONs ORDER REGARDING ADVERTISEMENTS OF POLITICAL NATURE ON T.V
CHANNELS & CABLE T.V NETWORKS ............................................................................................................... 440
Chapter 31 ........................................................................................................................................................ 448
ELECTION COMMISSIONS ORDER ON POLITICAL ADVERTISEMENTS .......................................................... 448
Chapter 32 ........................................................................................................................................................ 450

Election Commissions ORDER DATED 18TH March 2009 ............................................................................... 450
Chapter 33 ........................................................................................................................................................ 452
Election Commissions Order Dated 19th March, 2009 .................................................................................... 452
Chapter 34 ........................................................................................................................................................ 454
ELECTION COMMISSIONS Guidelines on Paid News ........................................................................................ 454
Chapter 35 ........................................................................................................................................................ 466
INSTRUCTIONS OF THE COMMISSION WITH RESPECT TO USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN ELECTION
CAMPAIGNING ................................................................................................................................................... 466
Chapter 36 ........................................................................................................................................................ 470
Media Coverage during the period referred to in Section 126 of RP Act, 1951. .............................................. 470
Chapter 37 .......................................................................................................................................................... 473
PRESS COUNCIL OF INDIAS GUIDELINES ON ELECTION REPORTING-1996......................................................... 473
Chapter 38 .......................................................................................................................................................... 476
NEWS BROADCASTING STANDARDS AUTHORITYS (NBSA) GUIDELINES FOR ELECTION BROADCASTS ............. 476
ANNEXURE I Relevant Orders of ECI .......................................................................................................... 481
Application of Indelible Ink on Electors Finger ................................................................................................... 481
Assessment and Inventory of Polling Stations Basic Minimum Facilities ......................................................... 482
Electoral Roll in Urdu Language.......................................................................................................................... 487
Order Regarding Bulk SMSs ................................................................................................................................ 489
Printing of Photographs of Candidates on Ballot Paper ..................................................................................... 491
Standardised Voting Compartments .................................................................................................................. 493
Storage and Saftety arrangements for the EVMs ............................................................................................. 495
Symbol Order Amendment Notification.............................................................................................................. 500
Transfers/Postings of Officers ............................................................................................................................. 506
Guidelines on Transparency ................................................................................................................................ 509
Important Links .................. 511
Chapter 1
Schedule for General Election to the
Legislative Assembly of Bihar State
ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA
EPABX 011-23717391-98
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Fax 011-23713412/23739944
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Website: www.eci.nic.in
Nirvachan Sadan,
Ashoka Road, New Delhi-110001.
No. ECI/PN/53/2015
9TH September, 2015

PRESS NOTE
Subject: Schedule for General Election to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar State
Regarding.
The terms of the Legislative Assembly of Bihar is normally due to expire on
29.11.2015.
By virtue of its powers, duties and functions under Article 324 read with Article
172(1) of the Constitution of India and Section 15 of Representation of the People Act,
1951, the Commission is required to hold elections to constitute the new Legislative
Assembly in the State of Bihar before expiry of its present term.
(1)
Assembly Constituencies
The total number of Assembly Constituencies in the States of Bihar and seats
reserved for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, as determined by the
Delimitation Commission under the Delimitation Act, 2002, are as under: States
Bihar
Total No. of Assembly Reserved

Constituencies
SCs
243
38
for Reserved for STs

2
(2)
Electoral Rolls
The Electoral Rolls of all existing Assembly Constituencies in the State of Bihar on
the basis of the electoral rolls revised with reference to 1.1.2015 as the qualifying date
have been finally published on 01.11.2015. The number of electors in the State, as on
07.09.2015 is as under:
States
Bihar
(3)
Total No. of Electors

66826658
Photo Electoral Rolls

Photo electoral rolls will be used during the forthcoming general elections and
photo percentages in Photo Electoral Rolls of these States are as follows:States
Bihar
(4)
Percentage
of
Electoral Rolls
99.98
Photo
Electors Photo Identity Cards (EPIC)

Identification of the voters at the polling booth at the time of poll shall be
mandatory. Electors who have been provided with EPIC shall be identified
through EPIC. Presently, the EPIC coverage in the State is as under:States
Bihar
Percentage of EPIC
100
All the residual electors are advised to obtain their Elector Photo Identity Cards
from the Electoral Registration Officers of their Assembly Constituencies urgently.
In order to ensure that no voter is deprived of his/her franchise, if his/her name
figures in the Electoral Rolls, separate instructions will be issued to allow additional
documents for identification of voters, if needed.
(5)
Polling Stations
Polling Stations in the poll going States as on the date of final publication of
electoral rolls are as follows:
States
Bihar
No. of Polling Stations

62779
For the facility of physically challenged persons, instructions have been issued to
ensure that all polling stations as far as practicable, are located at ground floor and ramps
are provided. Facilitation shall also be provided for locating electors names in a polling
station or a group of polling stations through help lines and facilitation centers.
(6) Basic Minimum Facilities (BMF) at Polling Stations
The Commission has issued instructions to the Chief Electoral Officer of all
States to ensure that every Polling Station is equipped with Basic Minimum Facilities
(BMF) like drinking water, shed, toilet, ramp for the physically challenged voters and a
standard voting compartment etc.
(7)
Polling Parties and Randomization

Polling parties shall be formed randomly, through special application software.
Three-stage randomization will be adopted. First, from a wider district database of

eligible officials, a shortlist of a minimum 120% of the required numbers will be
randomly picked up. This group will be trained for polling duties. In the second stage,
from this trained manpower, actual polling parties as required shall be formed by random
selection software in the presence of General Observers. In the third randomization, the
polling stations will be allocated randomly just before the polling partys departure.
There shall be randomization for such Police Constables and Home guards also, who are
deployed at the polling stations on the poll day.
(8)
Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs)

The poll in these States will be conducted at all polling stations using EVMs. The
Commission has already made arrangements to ensure availability of adequate number

of EVMs for the smooth conduct of elections. The Commission has issued a new set of
instructions with regard to the First Level Check of EVMs, that will be used in the poll in
these States. The First Level Check of EVMs, has been done in the presence of
representatives of political parties. A two-stage randomization of EVMs will be made. In
the first stage, all the EVMs stored in the district storage centre will be randomized by the
District Election Officer (DEO) in the presence of the representatives of the recognized
political parties for allocation assembly constituency-wise. EVMs will be prepared and
set for elections after finalization of the contesting candidates. At this stage also,
candidates or their agents/representatives will be allowed to check and satisfy
themselves in every manner about the functionality of the EVMs. After the EVMs in a
constituency are prepared for the poll by the Returning Officer and the ballot units are
fitted with ballot papers, then the EVMs will again be randomized to decide the actual
polling stations in which they will be ultimately used. The Second Stage randomization
will be done in the presence of Observers, Candidates or their Election Agents.
(9)
VVPAT ( Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail)

VVPAT will be used in 36 ACs spread over 34 districts.
(10) Photographs of Candidates on Ballot Paper

Photographs of candidate will be displayed on Ballot Paper to be fixed on Ballot
Unit along with symbol of respective candidates.
(11) None of the Above (NOTA) Option in EVMs
In its judgment dated 27th September, 2013 in Writ Petition (C) No. 161 of 2004,
the Supreme Court has directed that there should be a None of the Above (NOTA) option
on the ballot papers and EVMs. The Court has directed that the Commission should
implement it either in a phased manner or at a time with the assistance of Government
of India.
On the Balloting Unit, below the name of the last candidate, there will now be a
button for NOTA option so that electors who do not want to vote for any of the candidates
can exercise their option by pressing the button against NOTA.
The Commission is taking steps to bring this to the knowledge of voters and all
other stakeholders and to train all field level officials including the polling personnel
about the NOTA option.
(12) Affidavits of candidates all columns to be filled in
In pursuance of the judgment dated 13th September, 2013 passed by the Supreme
Court in Writ Petition (C) No. 121 of 2008, which among other things makes it obligatory
for the Returning Officer to check whether the information required is fully furnished at
the time of filing of affidavit with the nomination paper, the Commission has issued
instructions that in the affidavit to be filed along with the nomination paper, candidates
are required to fill up all columns. If any column in the affidavit is left blank, the Returning
Officer will issue a notice to the candidate to file the affidavit with all columns filled in.
After such notice, if a candidate fails to file affidavit complete in all respect, the
nomination paper will be liable to be rejected at the time of scrutiny. The Chief Electoral
Officer has been directed to brief all Returning Officers about the judgment of the
Supreme Court and the Commissions instructions.
(13) Communication plan
The Commission attaches great importance to preparation and implementation of
a perfect communication plan at the district/constituency level for the smooth conduct
of elections and to enable concurrent intervention and mid course correction on the poll
day. For the said purpose, the Commission has directed the Chief Electoral Officer of
Bihar state to coordinate with the officers of Telecommunication Department in the State
headquarters, BSNL/MTNL authorities, the representatives of other leading service
providers in the State so that network status in the States is assessed and communication
shadow areas be identified. The CEO has also been advised to ensure best communication
plan in the State.
(14) Videography
All critical events will be video-graphed. District Election Officers will arrange
sufficient number of video and digital cameras and camera teams for the purpose. The
events for videography will include filing of nominations, scrutiny thereof and allotment
of symbols, First Level Checking, preparations and storage of Electronic Voting Machines,
important public meetings, processions etc. during campaign, process of dispatching of
postal ballot papers, polling process in identified vulnerable polling stations, storage of
polled EVMs, counting of votes etc. Webcasting, Videography and Digital cameras will also
be deployed inside polling booths wherever needed. CDs of video recordings will be
available on payment to anyone who wishes to obtain a copy of the same.
(15)
Law and Order and Deployment of Forces

Conduct of elections involves elaborate security management. It includes ensuring
the security of polling personnel, security at the polling stations, security of polling
materials and also the overall security of the election process. Central Armed Police
Forces (CAPFs) are deployed for area domination prior to poll in order to build
confidence in the minds of voters specially vulnerable voters viz. weaker section,
minorities etc. Keeping all this in mind, the very designing of the poll schedule, and
sequencing of multi-phase elections and choice of constituencies for each phase had to
follow the logic of force availability and force management.
The Commission has taken various measures to ensure free and fair elections by
creating an atmosphere in which each elector is able to access the polling station without
being obstructed or being unduly influenced/intimidated by anybody.
Based on the assessment of the ground situation, Central Armed Police Forces
(CAPF) and State Armed Police (SAP) drawn from other States will be deployed during
these elections. The CAPF and SAP will be used generally for safeguarding the polling
stations and for providing security to the electors and polling personnel at the polling
stations on the poll day. Besides, these forces will be used for securing the strong rooms
where the EVMs are stored and for securing the counting centers and for other purposes,
as required.
The Commission has been issuing instructions from time to time with regard to
the advance preventive measures to be taken by the District Magistrates and Police
authorities to maintain the Law & Order and to create atmosphere conducive for the
conduct of free and fair elections. The Commission will be constantly monitoring the
ground situation closely and will take appropriate measures to ensure peaceful, free and
fair polls in these States.
(16) Protection to SC/ST Electors
As per Section 3 (1) (vii) of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of
Atrocities) Act, 1989, whoever, not being a member of a Scheduled Caste or Scheduled
Tribe, forces or intimidates a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe not to
vote or to vote for a particular candidate or to vote in a manner other than that provided
by law shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than six
months but which may extend to five years and with fine. The Commission has asked the
State Governments to bring these provisions to the notice of all concerned for prompt
action.
(17)
General Observers
The Commission will deploy General Observers in adequate number to ensure
smooth conduct of elections. The Observers will be asked to keep a close watch on every
stage of the electoral process to ensure free and fair elections. Their names, addresses
within the district/constituency and their telephone numbers will be publicized in local
10
newspapers so that the general public can quickly approach them for any grievance
redressal. The Observers will be given a detailed briefing by the Commission before their
deployment. Commission may also deploy Police Observers to keep a close watch on law
& order situation.
(18) Election Expenditure Monitoring
Comprehensive instructions for the purpose of effective monitoring of the election
expenditure of the candidates have been issued, which include formation of flying squads,
static surveillance Teams, video surveillance Teams, involvement of Investigation
Directorates of Income Tax Deptt. etc. State Excise Departments and police authorities
have been asked to monitor production, distribution, sale and storage of liquor and other
intoxicants during the election process.
For greater transparency and for ease of monitoring of Election Expenses,
Candidates would be required to open a separate bank account and incur their election
expenses from that very account. The Investigation Directorate of Income Tax Dept. has
been asked to open Air Intelligence unit in the airports of these states and also to gather
intelligence and take necessary action against movement of large sum of money in these
states.
Expenditure Observers and Assistant Exp. Observers from Central Government

are being appointed to keep close watch on election expenditure of the candidates.
Control room and Complaint Monitoring Centre with 24 hours toll free numbers shall be
operative during the entire election process. Banks and financial intelligence units of
Government of India have been asked to forward suspicious cash withdrawal reports to
the election officials.
All candidates must ensure that they file their affidavits in the revised format
(Form 26) only. The revised format is available on the ECI website and in Returning
Officers handbook.
(19) Paid News
To deal with the issue of Paid News, a mechanism has been laid out with three
tier of Media certification and Monitoring Committees (MCMC) at District, State and ECI
11
level. Revised comprehensive instruction on Paid News are available on the

Commissions Website.
Necessary instructions have been issued to the CEO of Bihar state to ensure
briefing of political parties and Media in the districts about Paid News and the
mechanism to check Paid News. The MCMCs of all states have been trained to do their
job.
(20) Police Observers
The Commission may deploy IPS officers as Police Observers in district level, in
the poll going States depending upon the need and sensitivity. They will monitor all
activities relating to force deployment, law and order situation and co-ordinate between
civil and Police administration to ensure free and fair election.
(21) Micro Observers
In addition to General Observers, the Commission will also deploy Micro
Observers to observe the poll proceedings in the polling stations on the poll day in
selected critical polling stations. They will be chosen from Central Government/Central
PSUs officials. Micro-Observers will observe the proceedings at the polling stations on the
poll day right from the mock poll to the completion of poll and the process of sealing of
EVMs and other documents to ensure that all instructions of the Commission are
complied with by the Polling Parties and the Polling Agents. They will report to the
General Observers directly about any vitiation of the poll proceedings in their allotted
polling stations.
(22) Systematic Voters Education and Electoral Participation (SVEEP)
Comprehensive measures for voters education were taken up during the Special
Roll Revision process in the state. These measures will continue and will be further
augmented during the electoral process.
10% of the lowest turnout Polling Stations in each district have been identified
and possible reasons for the lower turnout analysed. KABBP (Knowledge, attitude,
Behaviour, Belief and Practices) survey has also been undertaken by the Chief Electoral
Officer and interventions based on the findings have been taken up.
Chief Electoral Officer of the state has been directed to ensure wide dissemination
of election related information as well as adequate facilitation measures for ensuing
12
wider participation of people in polling. A Model polling station will be set up in each of
the 243 Assembly Constituencies. Voter helplines, Voters Facilitation Centres, web and
SMS based search facilities are active for assistance of voters. Reminder services on poll
days have been meticulously planned. There are special facilities in place for persons with
disability.
Awareness Observers from Central Government are being appointed to observe the
SVEEP programme carried out during the election period for ensuring that information
reaches the grassroot.
(23) Conduct of Officials

The Commission expects all officials engaged in the conduct of elections to
discharge their duties in an impartial manner without any fear or favour. They are
deemed to be on deputation to the Commission and shall be subject to its control,
supervision and discipline. The conduct of all Government officials who have been
entrusted with election related responsibilities and duties would remain under constant
scrutiny of the Commission and strict action shall be taken against those officials who are
found wanting on any account.
The Commission has already given instructions that no election related official or
Police officer of the rank of Inspector and above shall be allowed to continue in his home
district. Besides, instructions have also been issued that election related officials
including police officials of Inspector level & above who have completed three years in a
district during last four years should be transferred out of that district. Police officers of
the rank of Sub Inspectors who have completed three years in a Sub Division/Assembly
Constituency or are posted in their home sub division/assembly constituency shall be
transferred out of that Sub Division and the Assembly Constituency.
The Commission has also instructed the State Government not to associate any officer
with the electoral process against whom charges have been framed in a court of law in
any case.
(24) District Election Plan
The District Election Officers have been asked to prepare a comprehensive district
election plan in consultation with SPs and Sector Officers including the route plan and
13
communication plan for conduct of elections. These plans will be vetted by the Observers
taking into account vulnerability mapping exercise and mapping of critical polling station
in accordance with Election Commission of Indias extant instructions.
(25) Model Code of Conduct
The Model Code of Conduct comes into effect immediately from now onwards. All
the provisions of the Model Code will apply to the whole of Bihar State and will be
applicable to all candidates, political parties, the State Government of Bihar. The Model
Code of Conduct shall be applicable to the Union Govt. for the State.
The Commission has made elaborate arrangements for ensuring the effective
implementation of the MCC Guidelines Any violations of these Guidelines would be
strictly dealt with and the Commission re-emphasizes that the instructions issued in this
regard from time to time should be read and understood by all Political Parties,
contesting candidates and their agents/representatives, to avoid any misgivings or lack
of information or understanding/interpretation.
(26) Photo Voter Slips
To facilitate the voters to know where he/she is enrolled as a voter at a particular
polling station and what is his/her serial number in the Electoral roll, the Commission
has directed that voter slip along with Photo (wherever present in the roll) will be
distributed to all enrolled voters by the District Election Officer. It has also been directed
that the said voter slip should be in the languages in which electoral roll is published for
that Assembly Constituency.
(27)
Complaint redressal mechanism Call Center and Website based

Bihar State shall have a complaint redressal mechanism based on website and call
center. The number of call center is 1950, which is a toll free number. The URL of the
complaint registration website will be announced for the State by the Chief Electoral
Officer separately. Complaints can be registered by making calls to the toll free call center
numbers or on the web site. Action will be taken within time limit on all complaints.
Complainants will also be informed of the action taken by SMS and by the call center.
Complainants can also see the details of the action taken on their complaints on the
website.
14
(28)
Schedules of Election
The Commission has prepared the Schedules for holding General Elections to the
Legislative Assembly of Bihar after taking into consideration all relevant aspects, like the
Climatic conditions, Academic Calendars, Festivals, prevailing law and order situation in
the States, availability of Central Police Forces, time needed for movement,
transportation and timely deployment of forces, and assessment of other ground realities.
The Commission after considering all relevant aspects has decided to recommend to
the Governor of the State, to issue notifications for the General Elections to the Legislative
Assembly of the state of Bihar under the relevant provisions of the Representation of the
People Act, 1951. The Election Schedule for general election to the Legislative Assembly
of Bihar is appended at Annexure 1.
(SUMIT MUKHERJEE)
SECRETARY
15

ANNEXURE-1
Schedule
Schedule for General Elections to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar:
Phase-1
Phase-2
Phase-3
Phase-4
Phase-5
16.09.2015
21.09.2015
01.10.2015
07.10.2015
08.10.2015
(Wednesday)
(Monday)
(Thursday)
(Wednesday)
(Thursday)
Last Date of Making
23.09.2015
28.09.2015
08.10.2015
14.10.2015
15.10.2015
Nomination
(Wednesday)
(Monday)
(Thursday)
(Wednesday)
(Thursday)
Date of Scrutiny
24.09.2015
29.09.2015
09.10.2015
15.10.2015
17.10.2015
(Thursday)
(Tuesday)
(Friday)
(Thursday)
(Saturday)
Last date of
26.09.2015
01.10.2015
12.10.2015
17.10.2015
19.10.2015
withdrawal
(Saturday)
(Thursday)
(Monday)
(Saturday)
(Monday)
Date of Poll
12.10.2015
28.10.2015
01.11.2015
05.11.2015
(Monday)
16.10.2015
(Friday)
(Wednesday)
(Sunday)
(Thursday)
Date of Counting
08.11.2015
(Sunday)
08.11.2015
(Sunday)
08.11.2015
(Sunday)
08.11.2015
(Sunday)
08.11.2015
(Sunday)
Date before which
12.11.2015
the Election Shall be
(Thursday)
12.11.2015
(Thursday)
12.11.2015
(Thursday)
12.11.2015
(Thursday)
12.11.2015
(Thursday)
Date of Notification
Completed
16

List of Forty Nine (49) Assembly Constituencies going to polls in Phase-1:
Sl. No.
Phase-1
Name of District
No. and Name of Assembly Constituency
1
SAMASTIPUR
BEGUSARAI
KHAGARIA
BHAGALPUR
BANKA
MUNGER
LAKHISARAI
SHEIKHPURA
NAWADA
2
131-Kalyanpur (SC)
132-Warisnagar
133-Samastipur
134-Ujiarpur
135-Morwa
136-Sarairanjan
137-Mohiuddinnagar
138-Bibhutipur
139-Rosera (SC)
140-Hasanpur
141-Cheria-Bariarpur
142-Bachhwara
143-Teghra
144-Matihani
145-Sahebpur Kamal
146-Begusarai
147-Bakhri (SC)
148-Alauli (SC)
149-Khagaria
150-Beldaur
151-Parbatta
152-Bihpur
153-Gopalpur
154-Pirpainti (SC)
155-Kahalgaon
156-Bhagalpur
157-Sultanganj
158-Nathnagar
159-Amarpur
160-Dhoraiya (SC)
161-Banka
162-Katoria (ST)
163-Belhar
164-Tarapur
165-Munger
166-Jamalpur
167-Suryagarha
168-Lakhisarai
169-Sheikhpura
170-Barbigha
235-Rajauli (SC)
236-Hisua
17
10
237-Nawada
238-Gobindpur
239-Warsaliganj
240-Sikandra (SC)
241-Jamui
242-Jhajha
JAMUI
243-Chakai
List of Thirty Two (32) Assembly Constituencies going to polls in Phase-2:

Sl. No.
Phase-2
Name of District
1
KAIMUR (BHABUA)
ROHTAS
ARWAL
JAHANABAD
AURANGABAD
GAYA
2
203-Ramgarh
204-Mohania (SC)
205-Bhabua
206-Chainpur
207-Chenari (SC)
208-Sasaram
209-Kargahar
210-Dinara
211-Nokha
212-Dehri
213-Karakat
214-Arwal
215-Kurtha
216-Jehanabad
217-Ghosi
218-Makhdumpur (SC)
219-Goh
220-Obra
221-Nabinagar
222-Kutumba (SC)
223-Aurangabad
224-Rafiganj
225-Gurua
226-Sherghati
227-Imamganj (SC)
228-Barachatti (SC)
229-Bodh Gaya (SC)
230-Gaya Town
231-Tikari
232-Belaganj
233-Atri
234-Wazirganj
18

List of Fifty (50) Assembly Constituencies going to polls in Phase-3:
Sl. No.
Phase-3
Name of District
1
SARAN
VAISHALI
NALANDA
PATNA
BHOJPUR
2
113-Ekma
114-Manjhi
115-Baniapur
116-Taraiya
117-Marhaura
118-Chapra
119-Garkha (SC)
120-Amnour
121-Parsa
122-Sonepur
123-Hajipur
124-Lalganj
125-Vaishali
126-Mahua
127-Raja Pakar (SC)
128-Raghopur
129-Mahnar
130-Patepur (SC)
171-Asthawan
172-Biharsharif
173-Rajgir (SC)
174-Islampur
175-Hilsa
176-Nalanda
177-Harnaut
178-Mokama
179-Barh
180-Bakhtiarpur
181-Digha
182-Bankipur
183-Kumhrar
184-Patna Sahib
185-Fatuha
186-Danapur
187-Maner
188-Phulwari (SC)
189-Masaurhi (SC)
190-Paliganj
191-Bikram
192-Sandesh
193-Barhara
194-Arrah
195-Agiaon (SC)
196-Tarari
19
197-Jagdishpur
198-Shahpur
199-Brahampur
200-Buxar
BUXAR
201-Dumraon
202-Rajpur (SC)
List of Fifty Five (55) Assembly Constituencies going to polls in Phase-4:

Sl.No.
Phase-4
Name of District
No. and Name of Assembly

Constituency
1
PASCHIM CHAMPARAN
PURVI CHAMPARAN
3
4
SHEOHAR
SITAMARHI
MUZAFFARPUR
2
1-Valmiki Nagar
2-Ramnagar (SC)
3-Narkatiaganj
4-Bagaha
5-Lauriya
6-Nautan
7-Chanpatia
8-Bettiah
9-Sikta
10-Raxaul
11-Sugauli
12-Narkatia
13-Harsidhi (SC)
14-Govindganj
15-Kesaria
16-Kalyanpur
17-Pipra
18-Madhuban
19-Motihari
20-Chiraia
21-Dhaka
22-Sheohar
23-Riga
24-Bathnaha (SC)
25-Parihar
26-Sursand
27-Bajpatti
28-Sitamarhi
29-Runnisaidpur
30-Belsand
88-Gaighat
89-Aurai
90-Minapur
91-Bochaha (SC)
20

92-Sakra (SC)
Kurhani
GOPALGANJ
SIWAN
9394-Muzaffarpur
95-Kanti
96-Baruraj
97-Paroo
98-Sahebganj
99-Baikunthpur
100-Barauli
101-Gopalganj
102-Kuchaikote
103-Bhorey (SC)
104-Hathua
105-Siwan
106-Ziradei
107-Darauli (SC)
108-Raghunathpur
109-Daraundha
110-Barharia
111-Goriakothi
112-Maharajganj
21

List of Fifty Seven (57) Assembly Constituencies going to polls in Phase-5:
Sl. No.
Phase-5
Name of District
1
MADHUBANI
SUPAUL
ARARIA
KISHANGANJ
PURNIA
KATIHAR
MADHEPURA
2
31-Harlakhi
32- Benipatti
33-Khajauli
34-Babubarhi
35-Bisfi
36-Madhubani
37-Rajnagar (SC)
38-Jhanjharpur
39-Phulparas
40-Laukaha
41-Nirmali
42-Pipra
43-Supaul
44-Triveniganj (SC)
45-Chhatapur
46-Narpatganj
47-Raniganj (SC)
48-Forbesganj
49-Araria
50-Jokihat
51-Sikti
52-Bahadurganj
53-Thakurganj
54-Kishanganj
55-Kochadhaman
56-Amour
57-Baisi
58-Kasba
59-Banmankhi (SC)
60-Rupauli
61-Dhamdaha
62-Purnia
63-Katihar
64-Kadwa
65-Balrampur
66-Pranpur
67-Manihari (ST)
68-Barari
69-Korha (SC)
70-Alamnagar
71-Bihariganj
72-Singheshwar (SC)
22
SAHARSA
DARBHANGA
73-Madhepura
74-Sonbarsha (SC)
75-Saharsa
76-Simri Bakhtiarpur
77-Mahishi
78-Kusheshwar Asthan (SC)
79-Gaura Bauram
80-Benipur
81-Alinagar
82-Darbhanga Rural
83-Darbhanga
84-Hayaghat
85-Bahadurpur
86-Keoti
87-Jale
23
Chapter 2
Name of Assembly Constituencies
(With separate constituencies reserved for SC & ST)
Sl.
No
Name of District /
Parliamentary
Constituency
1)
PC01
Valmikinagar
Name of Assembly
Constituency
1-Valmiki Nagar
Name of
Assembly
Constituency
Reserved for SC
Name of
Assembly
Constituency
Reserved for
ST
2-Ramnagar (SC) -
2-Ramnagar (SC)
3-Narkatiaganj
4-Bagaha
5-Lauriya
9-Sikta
2)
PC02
Paschim Champaran
6-Nautan
13-Harsidhi (SC)
7-Chanpatia
8-Bettiah
10-Raxaul
11-Sugauli
3)
PC03
Purvi Champaran
12-Narkatial
13-Harsidhi (SC)
14-Govindganj
15-Kesaria
16-Kalyanpur
24
17-Pipra
19-Motihari
4)
PC04
Sheohar
18-Madhuban
20-Chiraia)
21-Dhaka
22-Sheohar
23-Riga
30-Belsand
5)
PC05
Sitamarhi
24-Bathnaha (SC)
24-Bathnaha
(SC)
37-Rajnagar
(SC)
25-Parihar
26-Sursand
27-Bajpatti
28-Sitamarhi
29-Runnisaidpur
6)
PC06
Madhubani
31-Harlakhi
32-Benipatti
35-Bisfi
36-Madhubani
86-Keoti
87-Jale
7)
PC07
Jhanjharpur
33-Khajauli
34-Babubarhi
37-Rajnagar (SC)
25
38-Jhanjharpur
39-Phulparas
40-Laukaha
8)
PC08
Supaul
41-Nirmali
44-Triveniganj
(SC)
42-Pipra
43-Supaul
72-Singheshwar
(SC)
44-Triveniganj (SC)
45-Chhatapur
72-Singheshwar
(SC)
9)
PC09
Araria
46-Narpatganj
47-Raniganj
(SC)
47-Raniganj (SC)
48-Forbesganj
49-Araria
50-Jokihat
51-Sikti
10)
PC10
Kishanganj
52-Bahadurganj
53-Thakurganj
54-Kishanganj
55-Kochadhaman
56-Amour
57-Baisi
26
11)
PC11
Katihar
63-Katihar
67-Manihari
(ST)
64-Kadwa
65-Balrampur
66-Pranpur
67-Manihari (ST)
68-Barari
12)
PC12
Purnea
58-Kasba
59-Banmankhi
(SC)
59-Banmankhi (SC)
69-Korha (SC)
60-Rupauli
61-Dhamdaha
62-Purnia
69-Korha (SC)
13)
PC13
Madhepura
70-Alamnagar
74-Sonbarsha
(SC)
71-Bihariganj
73-Madhepura
74-Sonbarsha (SC)
75-Saharsa
77-Mahishi
14)
PC14
Darbhanga
79-Gaura Bauram
80-Benipur
81-Alinagar
82-Darbhanga
Rural
27
83-Darbhanga
85-Bahadurpur
15)
PC15
Muzaffarpur
88-Gaighat
91-Bochaha
(SC)
89-Aurai
92-Sakra (SC)
91-Bochaha (SC)
92-Sakra (SC)
93-Kurhani
94-Muzaffarpur
16)
PC16
VAISHALI
90-Minapur
95-Kanti
96-Baruraj
97-Paroo
98-Sahebganj
125-Vaishali
17)
PC17
Gopalganj (SC)
99-Baikunthpur
103-Bhorey (SC)
107-Darauli
(SC)
100-Barauli
101-Gopalganj
102-Kuchaikote
103-Bhorey (SC)
104-Hathua
18)
PC18
Siwan
105-Siwan
106-Ziradei
107-Darauli (SC)
28
108-Raghunathpur
109-Daraundha
110-Barharia
19)
PC19
Maharajganj
111-Goriakothi
119-Garkha (SC)
112-Maharajganj
113-Ekma
114-Manjhi
115-Baniapur
116-Taraiya
20)
PC20
Saran
117-Marhaura
118-Chapra
119-Garkha (SC)
120-Amnour
121-Parsa
122-Sonepur
21)
PC21
Hajipur (SC)
123-Hajipur
127-Raja
(SC)
Pakar -
124-Lalganj
126-Mahua
127-Raja Pakar
(SC)
128-Raghopur
129-Mahnar
29
22)
PC22
Ujiarpur
130-Patepur (SC)
130-Patepur
(SC)
78-Kusheshwar
Asthan (SC)
78-Kusheshwar
Asthan (SC)
84-Hayaghat
131-Kalyanpur
(SC)
134-Ujiarpur
135-Morwa
136-Sarairanjan
137Mohiuddinnagar
138-Bibhutipur
23)
PC23
Samastipur (SC)
131-Kalyanpur
(SC)
139-Rosera (SC)
132-Warisnagar
133-Samastipur
139-Rosera (SC)
24)
PC24
Begusarai
141-Cheria
Bariarpur
147-Bakhri (SC)
148-Alauli (SC)
142-Bachhwara
143-Teghra
144-Matihani
145-Sahebpur
Kamal
146-Begusarai
147-Bakhri (SC)
25)
PC25
Khagaria
76-Simri
Bakhtiarpur
30
140-Hasanpur
148-Alauli (SC)
149-Khagaria
150-Beldaur
151-Parbatta
26)
PC26
Bhagalpur
152-Bihpur
154-Pirpainti
(SC)
160-Dhauraiya
(SC)
162-Katoria
(ST)
153-Gopalpur
154-Pirpainti (SC)
155-Kahalgaon
156-Bhagalpur
158-Nathnagar
27)
PC27
Banka
157-Sultanganj
159-Amarpur
160-Dhauraiya (SC)
161-Banka
162-Katoria (ST)
163-Belhar
28)
PC28
Munger
165-Munger
166-Jamalpur
167-Suryagarha
168-Lakhisarai
178-Mokama
31
179-Barh
29)
PC29
Nalanda
171-Asthawan
173-Rajgir (SC)
172-Biharsharif
173-Rajgir (SC)
174-Islampur
175-Hilsa
176-Nalanda
177-Harnaut
30)
PC30
Patna Sahib
180-Bakhtiarpur
188-Phulwari
(SC)
181-Digha
182-Bankipur
183-Kumhrar
184-Patna Sahib
185-Fatuha
31)
PC31
Patliputra
186-Danapur
187-Maner
188-Phulwari (SC)
189-Masaurhi
(SC)
189-Masaurhi (SC)
190-Paliganj
191-Bikram
32)
PC32
Arrah
192-Sandesh
195-Agiaon (SC)
193-Barhara
32
194-Arrah
195-Agiaon (SC)
196-Tarari
197-Jagdishpur
198-Shahpur
33)
PC33
Buxar
199-Brahampur
202-Rajpur (SC)
204-Mohania
(SC)
200-Buxar
201-Dumraon
202-Rajpur (SC)
203-Ramgarh
210-Dinara
34)
PC34
SASARAM
204-Mohania (SC)
205-Bhabua
206-Chainpur
207-Chenari
(SC)
207-Chenari (SC)
208-Sasaram
209-Kargahar
35)
PC35
KARAKAT
211-Nokha
212-Dehri
213-Karakat
219-Goh
220-Obra
221-Nabinagar
33
36)
PC36
Jehanabad
214-Arwal
215-Kurtha
218Makhdumpur
(SC)
222-Kutumba
(SC)
216-Jehanabad
217-Ghosi
218-Makhdumpur
(SC)
233-Atri
37)
PC37
Aurangabad
222-Kutumba (SC)
223-Aurangabad
224-Rafiganj
227-Imamganj
(SC)
225-Gurua
227-Imamganj (SC)
231-Tikari
38)
PC38
Gaya
226-Sherghati
228-Barachatti
(SC)
228-Barachatti (SC)
229-Bodh Gaya
(SC)
229-Bodh Gaya
(SC)
230-Gaya Town
232-Belaganj
234-Wazirganj
34
39)
PC39
Nawada
170-Barbigha
235-Rajauli
(SC)
240-Sikandra
(SC)
235-Rajauli (SC)
236-Hisua
237-Nawada
238-Gobindpur
239-Warsaliganj
40)
PC40
Jamui
164-Tarapur
169-Sheikhpura
240-Sikandra (SC)
241-Jamui
242-Jhajha
243-Chakai
35
Chapter 3
A Snapshot of 2015 Bihar Electorate
There is a total of 6.68 crore electors for the Bihar General Elections of 2015.
It is notable that every single registered elector of the 66,826,658 electors has an
EPIC card. The EPIC coverage for the Bihar Assembly Elections of 2015 is thus a
perfect 100%.
Out of the 38 districts of Bihar, Patna at 43.7 lakh electors has the highest number
of electors, forming 6.54% of the total electorate of the state. This is followed by
East Champaran, with 4.63% of the total number of electors. In total, six districts
have an electorate which is more than 4% of the total electorate of the state.
At the other end, Sheohar at 2.73 lakh electors has the lowest number of electors,
comprising 0.41% of the total electorate of the state. This is followed by
Sheikhpura, with 0.64% of the total number of electors. In total, four districts have
an electorate size which is less than 1% of the total electorate of the state.
Electors
Sl. No
District
Number of Electors
As % of Total
Electors in State
West Champaran
2,273,830
3.40%
East Champaran
3,092,161
4.63%
Sheohar
273,466
0.41%
Sitamarhi
2,162,173
3.24%
Madhubani
2,903,674
4.35%
Supaul
1,311,518
1.96%
Araria
1,655,143
2.48%
KishanGanj
985,787
1.48%
36
Electors
Sl. No
District
Number of Electors
As % of Total
Electors in State
Purnia
1,923,933
2.88%
10
Katihar
1,776,856
2.66%
11
Madhepura
1,186,978
1.78%
12
Saharsa
1,189,812
1.78%
13
Darbhanga
2,558,668
3.83%
14
Muzaffarpur
2,947,884
4.41%
15
Gopalganj
1,720,352
2.57%
16
Siwan
2,223,428
3.33%
17
Saran
2,728,935
4.08%
18
Vaishali
2,269,503
3.40%
19
Samastipur
2,613,594
3.91%
20
Begusarai
1,866,900
2.79%
21
Khagaria
1,027,111
1.54%
22
Bhagalpur
2,041,079
3.05%
23
Banka
1,302,641
1.95%
24
Munger
894,806
1.34%
25
Lakhisarai
657,860
0.98%
26
Sheikhpura
429,805
0.64%
27
Nalanda
2,008,842
3.01%
28
Patna
4,368,288
6.54%
29
Bhojpur
1,960,501
2.93%
30
Buxar
1,182,636
1.77%
31
Kaimur (Bhabua)
1,036,786
1.55%
32
Rohtas
2,004,420
3.00%
37
Electors
Sl. No
District
33
Number of Electors
As % of Total
Electors in State
Arwal
476,141
0.71%
34
Jahanabad
735,311
1.10%
35
Aurangabad
1,660,077
2.48%
36
Gaya
2,673,969
4.00%
37
Nawada
1,576,917
2.36%
38
Jamui
1,124,873
1.68%
State of Bihar
66,826,658
100%
At the constituency level, Digha of Patna district has the largest number of
electors at 4.28 lakh electors, comprising 0.64% of the total electorate of the
state, while Barbigha of Sheikhpura district has the smallest number of electors
at 2.03 lakh electors, forming 0.30% of the total electorate of the state.
38
Assembly Constituency
District
West
Champaran
East
Champaran
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
State
No
Name
Number of
Electors
Valmiki Nagar
293,856
0.44%
Ramnagar (SC)
261,172
0.39%
Narkatiaganj
242,545
0.36%
Bagaha
271,212
0.41%
Lauriya
225,175
0.34%
Nautan
242,764
0.36%
Chanpatia
245,297
0.37%
Bettiah
248,311
0.37%
Sikta
243,498
0.36%
10
Raxaul
257,669
0.39%
11
Sugauli
258,543
0.39%
12
Narkatia
256,325
0.38%
13
Harsidhi (SC)
234,302
0.35%
14
Govindganj
242,597
0.36%
15
Kesaria
240,433
0.36%
16
Kalyanpur
226,628
0.34%
17
Pipra
298,807
0.45%
18
Madhuban
233,670
0.35%
19
Motihari
291,214
0.44%
20
Chiraia
266,947
0.40%
21
Dhaka
285,026
0.43%
39
District
Sheohar
Sitamarhi
Madhubani
Supaul
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
State
No
Name
Number of
Electors
22
Sheohar
273,466
0.41%
23
Riga
282,179
0.42%
24
Bathnaha (SC)
276,005
0.41%
25
Parihar
283,694
0.42%
26
Sursand
286,285
0.43%
27
Bajpatti
283,754
0.42%
28
Sitamarhi
258,844
0.39%
29
Runnisaidpur
256,207
0.38%
30
Belsand
235,205
0.35%
31
Harlakhi
258,064
0.39%
32
Benipatti
271,202
0.41%
33
Khajauli
277,559
0.42%
34
Babubarhi
281,670
0.42%
35
Bisfi
301,836
0.45%
36
Madhubani
319,920
0.48%
37
Rajnagar (SC)
295,117
0.44%
38
Jhanjharpur
290,386
0.43%
39
Phulparas
301,035
0.45%
40
Laukaha
306,885
0.46%
41
Nirmali
269,400
0.40%
42
Pipra
259,806
0.39%
43
Supaul
262,030
0.39%
44
Triveniganj (SC)
257,034
0.38%
40
District
Araria
Kishanganj
Purnia
Katihar
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
State
No
Name
Number of
Electors
45
Chhatapur
263,248
0.39%
46
Narpatganj
280,075
0.42%
47
Raniganj (SC)
283,144
0.42%
48
Forbesganj
299,277
0.45%
49
Araria
277,084
0.41%
50
Jokihat
257,553
0.39%
51
Sikti
258,010
0.39%
52
Bahadurganj
255,585
0.38%
53
Thakurganj
257,057
0.38%
54
Kishanganj
256,638
0.38%
55
Kochadhaman
216,507
0.32%
56
Amour
278,978
0.42%
57
Baisi
244,829
0.37%
58
Kasba
261,802
0.39%
59
Banmankhi (SC)
279,862
0.42%
60
Rupauli
289,187
0.43%
61
Dhamdaha
287,153
0.43%
62
Purnia
282,122
0.42%
63
Katihar
242,009
0.36%
64
Kadwa
244,333
0.37%
65
Balrampur
297,552
0.45%
66
Pranpur
262,241
0.39%
67
Manihari (ST)
247,205
0.37%
41
District
Madhepura
Saharsa
Darbhanga
Muzaffarpur
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
State
No
Name
Number of
Electors
68
Barari
236,489
0.35%
69
Korha (SC)
247,027
0.37%
70
Alamnagar
313,166
0.47%
71
Bihariganj
283,934
0.42%
72
Singheshwar (SC)
285,720
0.43%
73
Madhepura
304,158
0.46%
74
Sonbarsha (SC)
281,959
0.42%
75
Saharsa
332,797
0.50%
76
Simri Bakhtiarpur
303,559
0.45%
77
Mahishi
271,497
0.41%
78
Kusheshwar
Asthan (SC)
227,066
0.34%
79
Gaura Bauram
229,019
0.34%
80
Benipur
266,401
0.40%
81
Alinagar
251,440
0.38%
82
Darbhanga Rural
263,287
0.39%
83
Darbhanga
282,045
0.42%
84
Hayaghat
219,644
0.33%
85
Bahadurpur
268,086
0.40%
86
Keoti
265,923
0.40%
87
Jale
285,757
0.43%
88
Gaighat
285,383
0.43%
89
Aurai
276,384
0.41%
42
District
Gopalganj
Siwan
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
State
No
Name
Number of
Electors
90
Minapur
249,698
0.37%
91
Bochaha (SC)
252,407
0.38%
92
Sakra (SC)
240,447
0.36%
93
Kurhani
263,517
0.39%
94
Muzaffarpur
296,134
0.44%
95
Kanti
273,273
0.41%
96
Baruraj
257,132
0.38%
97
Paroo
276,036
0.41%
98
Sahebganj
277,473
0.42%
99
Baikunthpur
280,844
0.42%
100
Barauli
255,874
0.38%
101
Gopalganj
297,509
0.45%
102
Kuchaikote
297,225
0.44%
103
Bhorey (SC)
316,728
0.47%
104
Hathua
272,172
0.41%
105
Siwan
280,564
0.42%
106
Ziradei
253,194
0.38%
107
Darauli (SC)
287,505
0.43%
108
Raghunathpur
265,245
0.40%
109
Daraundha
288,594
0.43%
110
Barharia
272,455
0.41%
111
Goriakothi
299,463
0.45%
112
Maharajganj
276,408
0.41%
43
District
Saran
Vaishali
Samastipur
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
State
No
Name
Number of
Electors
113
Ekma
281,642
0.42%
114
Manjhi
282,118
0.42%
115
Baniapur
300,038
0.45%
116
Taraiya
277,058
0.41%
117
Marhaura
244,753
0.37%
118
Chapra
304,043
0.45%
119
Garkha (SC)
281,928
0.42%
120
Amnour
242,140
0.36%
121
Parsa
248,913
0.37%
122
Sonepur
266,302
0.40%
123
Hajipur
310,010
0.46%
124
Lalganj
308,928
0.46%
125
Vaishali
294,670
0.44%
126
Mahua
264,586
0.40%
127
Raja Pakar (SC)
243,296
0.36%
128
Raghopur
316,177
0.47%
129
Mahnar
272,375
0.41%
130
Patepur (SC)
259,461
0.39%
131
Kalyanpur (SC)
293,038
0.44%
132
Warisnagar
281,864
0.42%
133
Samastipur
246,000
0.37%
134
Ujiarpur
265,157
0.40%
135
Morwa
238,503
0.36%
44
District
Begusarai
Khagaria
Bhagalpur
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
State
No
Name
Number of
Electors
136
Sarairanjan
255,336
0.38%
137
Mohiuddinnagar
236,450
0.35%
138
Bibhutipur
240,950
0.36%
139
Rosera (SC)
295,360
0.44%
140
Hasanpur
260,936
0.39%
141
Cheria Bariarpur
231,304
0.35%
142
Bachhwara
271,490
0.41%
143
Teghra
268,546
0.40%
144
Matihani
303,862
0.45%
145
Sahebpur Kamal
233,557
0.35%
146
Begusarai
311,166
0.47%
147
Bakhri (SC)
246,975
0.37%
148
Alauli (SC)
227,729
0.34%
149
Khagaria
232,588
0.35%
150
Beldaur
281,964
0.42%
151
Parbatta
284,830
0.43%
152
Bihpur
244,949
0.37%
153
Gopalpur
256,882
0.38%
154
Pirpainti (SC)
306,856
0.46%
155
Kahalgaon
307,909
0.46%
156
Bhagalpur
316,109
0.47%
157
Sultanganj
308,325
0.46%
158
Nathnagar
300,049
0.45%
45
District
Banka
Munger
Lakhisarai
Sheikhpura
Nalanda
Patna
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
State
No
Name
Number of
Electors
159
Amarpur
276,078
0.41%
160
Dhauraiya (SC)
268,706
0.40%
161
Banka
235,442
0.35%
162
Katoria (ST)
232,843
0.35%
163
Belhar
289,572
0.43%
164
Tarapur
287,962
0.43%
165
Munger
310,867
0.47%
166
Jamalpur
295,977
0.44%
167
Suryagarha
315,463
0.47%
168
Lakhisarai
342,397
0.51%
169
Sheikhpura
226,546
0.34%
170
Barbigha
203,259
0.30%
171
Asthawan
269,559
0.40%
172
Biharsharif
346,650
0.52%
173
Rajgir (SC)
273,780
0.41%
174
Islampur
269,440
0.40%
175
Hilsa
279,232
0.42%
176
Nalanda
282,811
0.42%
177
Harnaut
287,370
0.43%
178
Mokama
252,923
0.38%
179
Barh
259,308
0.39%
180
Bakhtiarpur
256,575
0.38%
181
Digha
427,826
0.64%
46
District
Bhojpur
Buxar
Kaimur
(Bhabua)
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
State
No
Name
Number of
Electors
182
Bankipur
357,896
0.54%
183
Kumhrar
406,250
0.61%
184
Patna Sahib
339,307
0.51%
185
Fatuha
253,758
0.38%
186
Danapur
319,290
0.48%
187
Maner
299,069
0.45%
188
Phulwari (SC)
323,582
0.48%
189
Masaurhi (SC)
320,740
0.48%
190
Paliganj
260,942
0.39%
191
Bikram
290,822
0.44%
192
Sandesh
264,119
0.40%
193
Barhara
284,347
0.43%
194
Arrah
301,310
0.45%
195
Agiaon (SC)
249,531
0.37%
196
Tarari
286,054
0.43%
197
Jagdishpur
284,173
0.43%
198
Shahpur
290,967
0.44%
199
Brahampur
312,748
0.47%
200
Buxar
274,492
0.41%
201
Dumraon
292,754
0.44%
202
Rajpur (SC)
302,642
0.45%
203
Ramgarh
255,133
0.38%
204
Mohania (SC)
247,760
0.37%
47
District
Rohtas
Arwal
Jahanabad
Aurangabad
Gaya
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
State
No
Name
Number of
Electors
205
Bhabua
245,681
0.37%
206
Chainpur
288,212
0.43%
207
Chenari (SC)
276,556
0.41%
208
Sasaram
325,480
0.49%
209
Kargahar
296,440
0.44%
210
Dinara
272,725
0.41%
211
Nokha
267,834
0.40%
212
Dehri
271,965
0.41%
213
Karakat
293,420
0.44%
214
Arwal
245,034
0.37%
215
Kurtha
231,107
0.35%
216
Jehanabad
270,808
0.41%
217
Ghosi
243,194
0.36%
218
Makhdumpur (SC)
221,309
0.33%
219
Goh
282,657
0.42%
220
Obra
290,886
0.44%
221
Nabinagar
252,629
0.38%
222
Kutumba (SC)
242,990
0.36%
223
Aurangabad
287,591
0.43%
224
Rafiganj
303,324
0.45%
225
Gurua
259,328
0.39%
226
Sherghati
247,117
0.37%
227
Imamganj (SC)
266,043
0.40%
48
District
Nawada
Jamui
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
State
No
Name
Number of
Electors
228
Barachatti (SC)
277,202
0.41%
229
Bodh Gaya (SC)
288,530
0.43%
230
Gaya Town
247,357
0.37%
231
Tikari
280,093
0.42%
232
Belaganj
249,087
0.37%
233
Atri
280,859
0.42%
234
Wazirganj
278,353
0.42%
235
Rajauli (SC)
302,570
0.45%
236
Hisua
341,851
0.51%
237
Nawada
320,012
0.48%
238
Gobindpur
289,206
0.43%
239
Warsaliganj
323,278
0.48%
240
Sikandra (SC)
278,121
0.42%
241
Jamui
278,056
0.42%
242
Jhajha
302,617
0.45%
243
Chakai
266,079
0.40%
66,826,658
100%
State of Bihar
49
Chapter 4
Gender Composition of Electors
The gender ratio for the 6.68 crore Bihar electorate of the 2015 Elections is 875, as against
the gender ratio of 918 for the population (as per Census 2011). The district with the highest
gender ratio is Saharsa with 922 women per 1000 men, while Bhojpur has the lowest gender
ratio at 817. Eight out of the thirty states have a gender ratio of 900 or above, while four
states have a gender ratio of 850 or below. Three districts Saharsa, Madhepura and
Bhagalpur have a higher gender ratio among their electors than the gender ratio in the
population (as per Census 2011). Siwan and Saran report a difference of more than 100
between the gender ratio in the 2015 electorate and the 2011 population.
No
District
Number of Electors*
Gender Ratio
Male
Female
Others
Total
Electors
Population**
West
Champaran
1,230,670
1,043,059
101
2273830
848
909
East
Champaran
1,662,291
1,429,784
86
3092161
860
902
Sheohar
146,037
127,418
11
273466
873
893
Sitamarhi
1,148,895
1,013,219
59
2162173
882
899
Madhubani
1,529,476
1,374,091
107
2903674
898
926
Supaul
685,457
626,042
19
1311518
913
929
Araria
880,082
775,007
54
1655143
881
921
KishanGanj
518,693
467,069
25
985787
900
950
Purnia
1,010,140
913,726
67
1923933
905
921
10
Katihar
941,650
835,126
80
1776856
887
919
11
Madhepura
618,721
568,225
32
1186978
918
911
12
Saharsa
619,064
570,735
13
1189812
922
906
13
Darbhanga
1,362,222
1,196,405
41
2558668
878
911
14
Muzaffarpur
1,581,372
1,366,452
60
2947884
864
900
50
No
District
15
Number of Electors*
Gender Ratio
Male
Female
Others
Total
Electors
Population**
Gopalganj
895,471
824,837
44
1720352
921
1021
16
Siwan
1,185,601
1,037,776
51
2223428
875
988
17
Saran
1,473,852
1,255,020
63
2728935
852
954
18
Vaishali
1,227,767
1,041,656
80
2269503
848
895
19
Samastipur
1,398,974
1,214,577
43
2613594
868
911
20
Begusarai
998,625
868,212
63
1866900
869
895
21
Khagaria
546,971
480,115
25
1027111
878
886
22
Bhagalpur
1,084,780
956,223
76
2041079
881
880
23
Banka
695,708
606,904
29
1302641
872
907
24
Munger
487,632
407,127
47
894806
835
876
25
Lakhisarai
354,432
303,418
10
657860
856
902
26
Sheikhpura
228,837
200,949
19
429805
878
930
27
Nalanda
1,066,650
942,117
75
2008842
883
922
28
Patna
2,351,864
2,016,224
200
4368288
857
897
29
Bhojpur
1,079,177
881,161
163
1960501
817
907
30
Buxar
632,078
550,540
18
1182636
871
922
31
Kaimur
(Bhabua)
548,000
488,716
70
1036786
892
920
32
Rohtas
1,080,393
923,982
45
2004420
855
918
33
Arwal
254,567
221,555
19
476141
870
928
34
Jahanabad
388,066
347,231
14
735311
895
922
35
Aurangabad
897,738
762,276
63
1660077
849
926
36
Gaya
1,403,041
1,270,825
103
2673969
906
937
37
Nawada
827,718
749,121
78
1576917
905
939
38
Jamui
604,158
520,699
16
1124873
862
922
2,169
66,826,658
875
918
State of
Bihar
35,646,870 31,177,619
51
No
District
Number of Electors*
Male
Female
Others
Gender Ratio
Total
Electors
Population**
*Electoral data as per proposed Final Roll w.r.t. 01.01.2015 as the qualifying date (31.07.2015)
**Population data as per Census 2011
52
At the constituency level, Shahpur and Barhara of Bhojpur district have the lowest
gender ratio at 779 and 789 respectively, while Hathua and Gopalganj of Gopalga
district have the highest gender ratio at 947 and 953 respectively. 48 out of the 243
assembly constituencies have a gender ratio of 900 or above, while 45 constituencies
have a gender ratio of 850 or below.
Assembly
No
West
Champaran
Number of Electors*
Constituency
District
Name
Male
Female
Others
Gende
r Ratio
Total
Valmiki Nagar
160,206
133,641
293,856
834
Ramnagar (SC)
138,224
122,941
261,172
889
Narkatiaganj
130,336
112,190
19
242,545
861
Bagaha
147,207
123,990
15
271,212
842
Lauriya
123,148
102,017
10
225,175
828
53
Assembly
No
East
Champaran
Sheohar
Sitamarhi
Number of Electors*
Constituency
District
Name
Male
Female
Others
Gende
r Ratio
Total
Nautan
133,513
109,233
18
242,764
818
Chanpatia
133,402
111,882
13
245,297
839
Bettiah
134,199
114,112
248,311
850
Sikta
130,435
113,053
10
243,498
867
10
Raxaul
139,618
118,039
12
257,669
845
11
Sugauli
139,957
118,578
258,543
847
12
Narkatia
137,996
118,323
256,325
857
13
Harsidhi (SC)
126,050
108,251
234,302
859
14
Govindganj
131,130
111,467
242,597
850
15
Kesaria
130,528
109,903
240,433
842
16
Kalyanpur
121,246
105,377
226,628
869
17
Pipra
159,508
139,288
11
298,807
873
18
Madhuban
124,646
109,011
13
233,670
875
19
Motihari
157,469
133,736
291,214
849
20
Chiraia
143,397
123,542
266,947
862
21
Dhaka
150,746
134,269
11
285,026
891
22
Sheohar
146,037
127,418
11
273,466
873
23
Riga
150,631
131,534
14
282,179
873
24
Bathnaha (SC)
145,122
130,872
11
276,005
902
25
Parihar
149,125
134,557
12
283,694
902
26
Sursand
151,135
135,146
286,285
894
27
Bajpatti
151,031
132,723
283,754
879
28
Sitamarhi
138,627
120,207
10
258,844
867
29
Runnisaidpur
137,355
118,845
256,207
865
30
Belsand
125,869
109,335
235,205
869
54
Assembly
No
Madhubani
Supaul
Araria
Kishanganj
Number of Electors*
Constituency
District
Name
Male
Female
Others
Gende
r Ratio
Total
31
Harlakhi
135,384
122,672
258,064
906
32
Benipatti
144,115
127,069
18
271,202
882
33
Khajauli
146,469
131,079
11
277,559
895
34
Babubarhi
149,262
132,392
16
281,670
887
35
Bisfi
156,569
145,259
301,836
928
36
Madhubani
169,936
149,970
14
319,920
883
37
Rajnagar (SC)
157,135
137,969
13
295,117
878
38
Jhanjharpur
153,226
137,154
290,386
895
39
Phulparas
157,742
143,286
301,035
908
40
Laukaha
159,638
147,241
306,885
922
41
Nirmali
139,746
129,653
269,400
928
42
Pipra
134,904
124,902
259,806
926
43
Supaul
136,900
125,125
262,030
914
44
Triveniganj
(SC)
134,290
122,739
257,034
914
45
Chhatapur
139,617
123,623
263,248
885
46
Narpatganj
149,737
130,329
280,075
870
47
Raniganj (SC)
149,243
133,885
16
283,144
897
48
Forbesganj
159,067
140,203
299,277
881
49
Araria
147,605
129,472
277,084
877
50
Jokihat
138,194
119,349
10
257,553
864
51
Sikti
136,236
121,769
258,010
894
52
Bahadurganj
136,258
119,320
255,585
876
53
Thakurganj
134,933
122,120
257,057
905
54
Kishanganj
132,633
123,995
10
256,638
935
55
Assembly
Purnia
Katihar
Male
Female
Name
55
Kochadhaman
114,869
101,634
216,507
885
56
Amour
148,911
130,057
10
278,978
873
57
Baisi
129,481
115,338
10
244,829
891
58
Kasba
136,161
125,629
12
261,802
923
59
Banmankhi
(SC)
146,079
133,777
279,862
916
60
Rupauli
151,051
138,122
14
289,187
914
61
Dhamdaha
149,052
138,094
287,153
926
62
Purnia
149,405
132,709
282,122
888
63
Katihar
129,031
112,967
11
242,009
876
64
Kadwa
130,050
114,272
11
244,333
879
65
Balrampur
158,619
138,919
14
297,552
876
66
Pranpur
138,504
123,714
23
262,241
893
67
Manihari (ST)
131,629
115,566
10
247,205
878
68
Barari
126,119
110,363
236,489
875
69
Korha (SC)
127,698
119,325
247,027
934
70
Alamnagar
163,878
149,283
313,166
911
71
Bihariganj
147,182
136,744
283,934
929
72
Singheshwar
(SC)
148,980
136,731
285,720
918
73
Madhepura
158,681
145,467
10
304,158
917
74
Sonbarsha (SC)
146,106
135,849
281,959
930
75
Saharsa
174,482
158,310
332,797
907
76
Simri
Bakhtiarpur
158,666
144,891
303,559
913
77
Mahishi
139,810
131,685
271,497
942
Others
Gende
r Ratio
No
Madhepura
Saharsa
Number of Electors*
Constituency
District
Total
56
Assembly
No
Darbhanga
Muzaffarpur
Gopalganj
Number of Electors*
Constituency
District
Name
Male
Female
Others
Gende
r Ratio
Total
78
Kusheshwar
Asthan (SC)
119,292
107,772
227,066
903
79
Gaura Bauram
121,140
107,879
229,019
891
80
Benipur
140,015
126,385
266,401
903
81
Alinagar
131,952
119,488
251,440
906
82
Darbhanga
Rural
140,976
122,311
263,287
868
83
Darbhanga
151,474
130,557
14
282,045
862
84
Hayaghat
116,241
103,396
219,644
889
85
Bahadurpur
143,968
124,114
268,086
862
86
Keoti
143,678
122,233
12
265,923
851
87
Jale
153,486
132,270
285,757
862
88
Gaighat
151,990
133,390
285,383
878
89
Aurai
149,192
127,190
276,384
853
90
Minapur
133,396
116,293
249,698
872
91
Bochaha (SC)
134,142
118,262
252,407
882
92
Sakra (SC)
127,522
112,923
240,447
886
93
Kurhani
141,317
122,195
263,517
865
94
Muzaffarpur
159,872
136,253
296,134
852
95
Kanti
147,698
125,569
273,273
850
96
Baruraj
139,205
117,926
257,132
847
97
Paroo
147,040
128,991
276,036
877
98
Sahebganj
149,998
127,460
15
277,473
850
99
Baikunthpur
147,487
133,352
280,844
904
100 Barauli
135,647
120,223
255,874
886
101 Gopalganj
152,337
145,166
297,509
953
57
Assembly
No
Siwan
Saran
Vaishali
Number of Electors*
Constituency
District
Name
Male
Female
Others
Gende
r Ratio
Total
102 Kuchaikote
154,477
142,733
15
297,225
924
103 Bhorey (SC)
165,722
150,999
316,728
911
104 Hathua
139,801
132,364
272,172
947
105 Siwan
151,688
128,873
280,564
850
106 Ziradei
137,302
115,888
253,194
844
107 Darauli (SC)
155,113
132,390
287,505
854
108 Raghunathpur
140,889
124,346
10
265,245
883
109 Daraundha
152,831
135,752
11
288,594
888
110 Barharia
147,006
125,443
272,455
853
111 Goriakothi
156,353
143,101
299,463
915
112 Maharajganj
144,419
131,983
276,408
914
113 Ekma
151,100
130,537
281,642
864
114 Manjhi
151,356
130,747
15
282,118
864
115 Baniapur
162,351
137,683
300,038
848
116 Taraiya
149,144
127,908
277,058
858
117 Marhaura
131,872
112,877
244,753
856
118 Chapra
166,051
137,988
304,043
831
119 Garkha (SC)
154,006
127,911
11
281,928
831
120 Amnour
130,473
111,658
242,140
856
121 Parsa
133,790
115,122
248,913
860
122 Sonepur
143,709
122,589
266,302
853
123 Hajipur
167,798
142,199
13
310,010
847
124 Lalganj
167,101
141,822
308,928
849
125 Vaishali
159,086
135,569
15
294,670
852
126 Mahua
142,659
121,917
10
264,586
855
58
Assembly
No
Samastipur
Male
Female
Others
Total
131,944
111,341
11
243,296
844
128 Raghopur
172,714
143,462
316,177
831
129 Mahnar
147,124
125,235
16
272,375
851
130 Patepur (SC)
139,341
120,111
259,461
862
131 Kalyanpur (SC)
157,017
136,018
293,038
866
132 Warisnagar
150,432
131,432
281,864
874
133 Samastipur
132,801
113,196
246,000
852
134 Ujiarpur
141,997
123,155
265,157
867
135 Morwa
127,849
110,645
238,503
865
136 Sarairanjan
136,434
118,901
255,336
871
128,102
108,347
236,450
846
138 Bibhutipur
128,456
112,486
240,950
876
139 Rosera (SC)
157,329
138,026
295,360
877
140 Hasanpur
138,557
122,371
260,936
883
Cheria
Bariarpur
121,959
109,329
16
231,304
896
142 Bachhwara
145,314
126,171
271,490
868
143 Teghra
144,795
123,735
16
268,546
855
144 Matihani
163,767
140,095
303,862
855
Sahebpur
Kamal
125,323
108,226
233,557
864
146 Begusarai
167,327
143,830
311,166
860
147 Bakhri (SC)
130,140
116,826
246,975
898
148 Alauli (SC)
119,987
107,736
227,729
898
149 Khagaria
124,895
107,687
232,588
862
141
145
Khagaria
Name
Gende
r Ratio
127 Raja Pakar (SC)
137
Begusarai
Number of Electors*
Constituency
District
Mohiuddinnag
ar
59
Assembly
No
Bhagalpur
Banka
Munger
Lakhisarai
Sheikhpura
Nalanda
Number of Electors*
Constituency
District
Name
Male
Female
Others
Gende
r Ratio
Total
150 Beldaur
149,780
132,174
10
281,964
882
151 Parbatta
152,309
132,518
284,830
870
152 Bihpur
129,548
115,396
244,949
891
153 Gopalpur
135,643
121,228
11
256,882
894
154 Pirpainti (SC)
163,736
143,114
306,856
874
155 Kahalgaon
162,213
145,694
307,909
898
156 Bhagalpur
169,730
146,360
19
316,109
862
157 Sultanganj
164,118
144,185
22
308,325
879
158 Nathnagar
159,792
140,246
11
300,049
878
159 Amarpur
149,112
126,956
10
276,078
851
160 Dhauraiya (SC)
143,622
125,078
268,706
871
161 Banka
124,541
110,896
235,442
890
162 Katoria (ST)
124,113
108,727
232,843
876
163 Belhar
154,320
135,247
289,572
876
164 Tarapur
155,259
132,694
287,962
855
165 Munger
169,440
141,400
27
310,867
835
166 Jamalpur
162,933
133,033
11
295,977
816
167 Suryagarha
170,590
144,871
315,463
849
168 Lakhisarai
183,842
158,547
342,397
862
169 Sheikhpura
120,562
105,975
226,546
879
170 Barbigha
108,275
94,974
10
203,259
877
171 Asthawan
144,451
125,101
269,559
866
172 Biharsharif
184,926
161,699
25
346,650
874
173 Rajgir (SC)
143,173
130,600
273,780
912
174 Islampur
143,899
125,532
269,440
872
60
Assembly
No
Patna
Bhojpur
Buxar
Number of Electors*
Constituency
District
Name
Male
Female
Others
Gende
r Ratio
Total
175 Hilsa
147,631
131,594
279,232
891
176 Nalanda
150,112
132,689
10
282,811
884
177 Harnaut
152,458
134,902
10
287,370
885
178 Mokama
136,729
116,193
252,923
850
179 Barh
141,128
118,180
259,308
837
180 Bakhtiarpur
138,161
118,408
256,575
857
181 Digha
228,967
198,838
21
427,826
868
182 Bankipur
193,112
164,758
26
357,896
853
183 Kumhrar
221,769
184,443
38
406,250
832
184 Patna Sahib
182,957
156,334
16
339,307
854
185 Fatuha
136,544
117,209
253,758
858
186 Danapur
174,209
145,066
15
319,290
833
187 Maner
160,762
138,300
299,069
860
188 Phulwari (SC)
174,889
148,679
14
323,582
850
189 Masaurhi (SC)
168,794
151,916
30
320,740
900
190 Paliganj
139,416
121,514
12
260,942
872
191 Bikram
154,427
136,386
290,822
883
192 Sandesh
144,220
119,813
86
264,119
831
193 Barhara
158,951
125,389
284,347
789
194 Arrah
165,479
135,809
22
301,310
821
195 Agiaon (SC)
136,384
113,141
249,531
830
196 Tarari
155,830
130,210
14
286,054
836
197 Jagdishpur
154,739
129,416
18
284,173
836
198 Shahpur
163,574
127,383
10
290,967
779
199 Brahampur
168,417
144,328
312,748
857
61
Assembly
No
Kaimur
(Bhabua)
Rohtas
Arwal
Jahanabad
Name
Male
Female
Others
Gende
r Ratio
Total
200 Buxar
146,270
128,216
274,492
877
201 Dumraon
157,466
135,280
292,754
859
202 Rajpur (SC)
159,925
142,716
302,642
892
203 Ramgarh
135,117
119,988
28
255,133
888
204 Mohania (SC)
131,655
116,085
20
247,760
882
205 Bhabua
129,443
116,225
13
245,681
898
206 Chainpur
151,785
136,418
288,212
899
207 Chenari (SC)
150,133
126,420
276,556
842
208 Sasaram
175,150
150,328
325,480
858
209 Kargahar
158,931
137,498
11
296,440
865
210 Dinara
146,630
126,089
272,725
860
211 Nokha
144,306
123,520
267,834
856
212 Dehri
147,170
124,790
271,965
848
213 Karakat
158,073
135,337
10
293,420
856
214 Arwal
131,222
113,801
11
245,034
867
215 Kurtha
123,345
107,754
231,107
874
216 Jehanabad
143,589
127,216
270,808
886
217 Ghosi
127,147
116,039
243,194
913
117,330
103,976
221,309
886
219 Goh
150,440
132,205
12
282,657
879
220 Obra
156,399
134,477
10
290,886
860
221 Nabinagar
138,372
114,246
11
252,629
826
222 Kutumba (SC)
133,204
109,782
242,990
824
223 Aurangabad
155,305
132,277
287,591
852
218
Aurangabad
Number of Electors*
Constituency
District
Makhdumpur
(SC)
62
Assembly
No
Gaya
Nawada
Jamui
Number of Electors*
Constituency
District
Name
Male
Female
Others
Gende
r Ratio
Total
224 Rafiganj
164,018
139,289
17
303,324
849
225 Gurua
138,191
121,128
259,328
877
226 Sherghati
128,954
118,149
14
247,117
916
227 Imamganj (SC)
140,079
125,955
266,043
899
228 Barachatti (SC)
143,472
133,710
20
277,202
932
229 Bodh Gaya (SC)
150,030
138,498
288,530
923
230 Gaya Town
130,515
116,821
21
247,357
895
231 Tikari
147,333
132,754
280,093
901
232 Belaganj
131,719
117,360
249,087
891
233 Atri
146,671
134,183
280,859
915
234 Wazirganj
146,077
132,267
278,353
905
235 Rajauli (SC)
158,405
144,143
22
302,570
910
236 Hisua
179,515
162,321
15
341,851
904
237 Nawada
167,280
152,721
11
320,012
913
238 Gobindpur
152,965
136,228
13
289,206
891
239 Warsaliganj
169,553
153,708
17
323,278
907
240 Sikandra (SC)
149,105
129,015
278,121
865
241 Jamui
150,293
127,756
278,056
850
242 Jhajha
161,961
140,655
302,617
868
243 Chakai
142,799
123,273
266,079
863
31,177,61
9
2,169
66,826,
658
875
918
Stat
e of
Biha
r
35,646,870
*Electoral data as per proposed Final Roll w.r.t. 01.01.2015 as the qualifying date (31.07.2015)
63
Chapter 5
A Snapshot of Newly Eligible Electors
Out of the 6.68 crore electors for the Bihar General Elections of 2015, the number of
newly eligible electors is 24,13,024, or 3.61%.
Out of the 38 districts of Bihar, Patna at 1.42 lakh electors has the highest number of
newly eligible electors, followed by Madhubani, at 1.25 lakh electors. Sheohar has the
smallest number of newly eligible electors, at 10,271, followed by Arwal at 16,494.
Further, Madhepura has the highest proportion of electors in the age group 18 19;
4.93% of the electors of the district belong to this age group. This is followed by Bhojpur,
at 4.77%. Siwan has the lowest proportion of newly eligible electors, at 2.63%, followed
by Vaishali at 2.86%.
Newly Eligible Electors* (18 19 years of Age)
Sl. No
District
Number of
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
District
As % of
Total
Newly
Eligible
Electors in
State
West Champaran
69,966
3.08%
2.90%
East Champaran
1,15,809
3.75%
4.80%
Sheohar
10,271
3.76%
0.43%
Sitamarhi
74,424
3.44%
3.08%
Madhubani
1,24,825
4.30%
5.17%
Supaul
48,833
3.72%
2.02%
Araria
57,627
3.48%
2.39%
64
Sl. No
District
Number of
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
District
As % of
Total
Newly
Eligible
Electors in
State
KishanGanj
32,757
3.32%
1.36%
Purnia
74,317
3.86%
3.08%
10
Katihar
66,450
3.74%
2.75%
11
Madhepura
58,519
4.93%
2.43%
12
Saharsa
39,644
3.33%
1.64%
13
Darbhanga
96,345
3.77%
3.99%
14
Muzaffarpur
90,671
3.08%
3.76%
15
Gopalganj
51,778
3.01%
2.15%
16
Siwan
58,382
2.63%
2.42%
17
Saran
92,717
3.40%
3.84%
18
Vaishali
64,888
2.86%
2.69%
19
Samastipur
95,322
3.65%
3.95%
20
Begusarai
73,977
3.96%
3.07%
21
Khagaria
45,876
4.47%
1.90%
22
Bhagalpur
68,335
3.35%
2.83%
23
Banka
44,858
3.44%
1.86%
24
Munger
26,602
2.97%
1.10%
25
Lakhisarai
25,608
3.89%
1.06%
26
Sheikhpura
17,383
4.04%
0.72%
27
Nalanda
62,199
3.10%
2.58%
28
Patna
1,42,182
3.25%
5.89%
29
Bhojpur
93,497
4.77%
3.87%
30
Buxar
51,705
4.37%
2.14%
65
Sl. No
District
Number of
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
District
As % of
Total
Newly
Eligible
Electors in
State
31
Kaimur (Bhabua)
43,737
4.22%
1.81%
32
Rohtas
72,606
3.62%
3.01%
33
Arwal
16,964
3.56%
0.70%
34
Jahanabad
26,688
3.63%
1.11%
35
Aurangabad
59,343
3.57%
2.46%
36
Gaya
1,08,859
4.07%
4.51%
37
Nawada
64,759
4.11%
2.68%
38
Jamui
44,301
3.94%
1.84%
State of Bihar
24,13,024
3.61%*
*Electoral data as per proposed Final Roll w.r.t. 01.01.2015 as the qualifying date
(31.07.2015)
**As % of Total Electors in State
66
67
Chapter 6
Elector - Population Ratio
The 6.68 crore Bihar electorate of the 2015 Elections constitute 59% of the population
of the state. The district with the highest elector population ratio is Patna with 68% of
the population are electors, while Katihar has the lowest ratio at 0.53.
68
No
District
Elector* Population** Ratio

Male
Female
Total
Patna
0.70
0.67
0.68
Bhojpur
0.68
0.62
0.65
Nawada
0.65
0.63
0.64
Nalanda
0.64
0.62
0.63
Buxar
0.64
0.61
0.63
Saran
0.66
0.59
0.62
Bhagalpur
0.61
0.61
0.61
Arwal
0.63
0.59
0.61
Sheikhpura
0.63
0.59
0.61
10
Rohtas
0.63
0.59
0.61
11
Siwan
0.64
0.57
0.61
12
Gopalganj
0.63
0.58
0.60
13
Aurangabad
0.62
0.58
0.60
14
Lakhisarai
0.61
0.58
0.60
15
Vaishali
0.61
0.58
0.59
16
Munger
0.61
0.58
0.59
17
Jahanabad
0.60
0.58
0.59
18
Madhubani
0.60
0.58
0.59
19
Darbhanga
0.60
0.58
0.59
20
Banka
0.59
0.57
0.58
21
Jamui
0.60
0.56
0.58
22
Kaimur (Bhabua)
0.59
0.57
0.58
23
Begusarai
0.58
0.57
0.58
24
Saharsa
0.57
0.58
0.57
25
Khagaria
0.57
0.57
0.57
26
Muzaffarpur
0.57
0.55
0.56
27
Samastipur
0.57
0.55
0.56
69
28
East Champaran
0.57
0.54
0.56
29
Gaya
0.56
0.55
0.56
30
Madhepura
0.54
0.55
0.55
31
Sitamarhi
0.55
0.54
0.55
32
Sheohar
0.55
0.54
0.54
33
Araria
0.55
0.53
0.54
34
Supaul
0.54
0.54
0.54
35
Purnia
0.54
0.53
0.54
36
Kishanganj
0.55
0.52
0.54
37
West Champaran
0.55
0.51
0.53
38
Katihar
0.54
0.52
0.53
0.60
0.57
0.59
State of Bihar
(31.07.2015)
**Population data is Projected Population (2015)
70
At the constituency level, Digha and Kumhrarof Patna district have the highest
elector population ratio at 0.86 and 0.85 respectively, while Barari of Katihar
district and Lauriyaof West Champarandistrict have the lowest, at 0.49 and 0.51
respectively.
Assembly
Constituency
District
West
Champaran
Elector* - Population** Ratio
No
Name
Male
Female
Total
Valmiki Nagar
0.57
0.52
0.55
Ramnagar (SC)
0.53
0.52
0.53
Narkatiaganj
0.56
0.53
0.55
Bagaha
0.55
0.51
0.53
Lauriya
0.53
0.49
0.51
Nautan
0.54
0.49
0.51
Chanpatia
0.54
0.50
0.52
Bettiah
0.55
0.52
0.53
Sikta
0.56
0.53
0.55
71
Assembly
Constituency
District
East
Champaran
Sheohar
Sitamarhi
Madhubani
No
Name
Male
Female
Total
10
Raxaul
0.57
0.54
0.55
11
Sugauli
0.57
0.53
0.55
12
Narkatia
0.54
0.52
0.53
13
Harsidhi (SC)
0.55
0.52
0.54
14
Govindganj
0.59
0.56
0.58
15
Kesaria
0.60
0.56
0.58
16
Kalyanpur
0.56
0.54
0.55
17
Pipra
0.56
0.55
0.56
18
Madhuban
0.58
0.56
0.57
19
Motihari
0.61
0.57
0.59
20
Chiraia
0.57
0.55
0.56
21
Dhaka
0.53
0.53
0.53
22
Sheohar
0.55
0.54
0.54
23
Riga
0.57
0.55
0.56
24
Bathnaha (SC)
0.54
0.54
0.54
25
Parihar
0.56
0.57
0.57
26
Sursand
0.56
0.56
0.56
27
Bajpatti
0.54
0.53
0.53
28
Sitamarhi
0.55
0.54
0.55
29
Runnisaidpur
0.55
0.53
0.54
30
Belsand
0.53
0.51
0.52
31
Harlakhi
0.58
0.57
0.58
32
Benipatti
0.63
0.60
0.61
33
Khajauli
0.59
0.57
0.58
34
Babubarhi
0.57
0.55
0.56
72
Assembly
Constituency
District
Supaul
Araria
Kishanganj
Purnia
No
Name
Male
Female
Total
35
Bisfi
0.59
0.59
0.59
36
Madhubani
0.64
0.61
0.63
37
Rajnagar (SC)
0.63
0.60
0.62
38
Jhanjharpur
0.60
0.58
0.59
39
Phulparas
0.58
0.57
0.57
40
Laukaha
0.57
0.57
0.57
41
Nirmali
0.56
0.57
0.56
42
Pipra
0.53
0.53
0.53
43
Supaul
0.54
0.53
0.53
44
Triveniganj (SC)
0.56
0.55
0.56
45
Chhatapur
0.52
0.50
0.51
46
Narpatganj
0.53
0.50
0.52
47
Raniganj (SC)
0.54
0.53
0.54
48
Forbesganj
0.58
0.55
0.56
49
Araria
0.56
0.54
0.55
50
Jokihat
0.55
0.52
0.53
51
Sikti
0.55
0.54
0.54
52
Bahadurganj
0.53
0.50
0.52
53
Thakurganj
0.54
0.52
0.53
54
Kishanganj
0.57
0.56
0.56
55
Kochadhaman
0.55
0.51
0.53
56
Amour
0.55
0.52
0.54
57
Baisi
0.52
0.50
0.51
58
Kasba
0.55
0.54
0.54
59
Banmankhi (SC)
0.54
0.54
0.54
73
Assembly
Constituency
District
Katihar
Madhepura
Saharsa
Darbhanga
No
Name
Male
Female
Total
60
Rupauli
0.53
0.52
0.52
61
Dhamdaha
0.54
0.54
0.54
62
Purnia
0.59
0.56
0.57
63
Katihar
0.57
0.55
0.56
64
Kadwa
0.55
0.53
0.54
65
Balrampur
0.56
0.54
0.55
66
Pranpur
0.53
0.51
0.52
67
Manihari (ST)
0.52
0.50
0.51
68
Barari
0.50
0.48
0.49
69
Korha (SC)
0.52
0.54
0.53
70
Alamnagar
0.55
0.55
0.55
71
Bihariganj
0.53
0.54
0.54
72
Singheshwar (SC)
0.54
0.54
0.54
73
Madhepura
0.56
0.56
0.56
74
Sonbarsha (SC)
0.58
0.60
0.59
75
Saharsa
0.61
0.62
0.61
76
SimriBakhtiarpur
0.56
0.57
0.56
77
Mahishi
0.51
0.53
0.52
78
KusheshwarAsthan
(SC)
0.57
0.57
0.57
79
GauraBauram
0.57
0.56
0.56
80
Benipur
0.61
0.61
0.61
81
Alinagar
0.60
0.59
0.60
82
Darbhanga Rural
0.60
0.57
0.59
83
Darbhanga
0.63
0.60
0.62
74
Assembly
Constituency
District
Muzaffarpur
Gopalganj
Siwan
No
Name
Male
Female
Total
84
Hayaghat
0.57
0.56
0.57
85
Bahadurpur
0.59
0.56
0.57
86
Keoti
0.58
0.54
0.56
87
Jale
0.63
0.60
0.62
88
Gaighat
0.56
0.55
0.56
89
Aurai
0.55
0.52
0.54
90
Minapur
0.56
0.55
0.55
91
Bochaha (SC)
0.56
0.55
0.56
92
Sakra (SC)
0.55
0.54
0.54
93
Kurhani
0.56
0.54
0.55
94
Muzaffarpur
0.61
0.58
0.60
95
Kanti
0.59
0.56
0.58
96
Baruraj
0.59
0.56
0.57
97
Paroo
0.58
0.57
0.57
98
Sahebganj
0.59
0.56
0.57
99
Baikunthpur
0.66
0.59
0.62
100
Barauli
0.61
0.54
0.57
101
Gopalganj
0.62
0.59
0.61
102
Kuchaikote
0.65
0.59
0.62
103
Bhorey (SC)
0.66
0.60
0.63
104
Hathua
0.59
0.55
0.57
105
Siwan
0.66
0.57
0.61
106
Ziradei
0.66
0.57
0.61
107
Darauli (SC)
0.66
0.57
0.62
108
Raghunathpur
0.63
0.57
0.60
75
Assembly
Constituency
District
Saran
Vaishali
Samastipur
No
Name
Male
Female
Total
109
Daraundha
0.65
0.58
0.62
110
Barharia
0.61
0.53
0.57
111
Goriakothi
0.62
0.58
0.60
112
Maharajganj
0.64
0.60
0.62
113
Ekma
0.69
0.63
0.66
114
Manjhi
0.67
0.61
0.64
115
Baniapur
0.68
0.61
0.64
116
Taraiya
0.63
0.58
0.61
117
Marhaura
0.61
0.56
0.59
118
Chapra
0.71
0.62
0.66
119
Garkha (SC)
0.65
0.57
0.61
120
Amnour
0.63
0.57
0.60
121
Parsa
0.65
0.59
0.62
122
Sonepur
0.63
0.57
0.60
123
Hajipur
0.65
0.61
0.63
124
Lalganj
0.61
0.59
0.60
125
Vaishali
0.60
0.58
0.59
126
Mahua
0.60
0.58
0.59
127
Raja Pakar (SC)
0.60
0.57
0.58
128
Raghopur
0.59
0.55
0.57
129
Mahnar
0.63
0.60
0.61
130
Patepur (SC)
0.59
0.57
0.58
131
Kalyanpur (SC)
0.59
0.56
0.57
132
Warisnagar
0.57
0.55
0.56
133
Samastipur
0.56
0.53
0.54
76
Assembly
Constituency
District
Begusarai
Khagaria
Bhagalpur
No
Name
Male
Female
Total
134
Ujiarpur
0.54
0.52
0.53
135
Morwa
0.57
0.55
0.56
136
Sarairanjan
0.58
0.56
0.57
137
Mohiuddinnagar
0.59
0.55
0.57
138
Bibhutipur
0.56
0.54
0.55
139
Rosera (SC)
0.58
0.56
0.57
140
Hasanpur
0.56
0.55
0.55
141
CheriaBariarpur
0.55
0.56
0.56
142
Bachhwara
0.57
0.55
0.56
143
Teghra
0.57
0.55
0.56
144
Matihani
0.59
0.56
0.57
145
Sahebpur Kamal
0.57
0.55
0.56
146
Begusarai
0.64
0.62
0.63
147
Bakhri (SC)
0.58
0.58
0.58
148
Alauli (SC)
0.55
0.56
0.55
149
Khagaria
0.57
0.56
0.57
150
Beldaur
0.57
0.57
0.57
151
Parbatta
0.58
0.58
0.58
152
Bihpur
0.63
0.64
0.63
153
Gopalpur
0.60
0.61
0.60
154
Pirpainti (SC)
0.57
0.57
0.57
155
Kahalgaon
0.57
0.59
0.58
156
Bhagalpur
0.68
0.67
0.67
157
Sultanganj
0.63
0.63
0.63
158
Nathnagar
0.60
0.60
0.60
77
Assembly
Constituency
District
Banka
Munger
Lakhisarai
Sheikhpura
Nalanda
Patna
No
Name
Male
Female
Total
159
Amarpur
0.63
0.59
0.61
160
Dhauraiya (SC)
0.57
0.55
0.56
161
Banka
0.59
0.58
0.58
162
Katoria (ST)
0.58
0.56
0.57
163
Belhar
0.61
0.59
0.60
164
Tarapur
0.60
0.58
0.59
165
Munger
0.61
0.58
0.60
166
Jamalpur
0.60
0.56
0.58
167
Suryagarha
0.63
0.60
0.62
168
Lakhisarai
0.59
0.57
0.58
169
Sheikhpura
0.64
0.61
0.62
170
Barbigha
0.61
0.58
0.60
171
Asthawan
0.65
0.61
0.63
172
Biharsharif
0.73
0.70
0.72
173
Rajgir (SC)
0.62
0.61
0.61
174
Islampur
0.61
0.58
0.59
175
Hilsa
0.63
0.61
0.62
176
Nalanda
0.61
0.59
0.60
177
Harnaut
0.64
0.61
0.62
178
Mokama
0.60
0.57
0.59
179
Barh
0.64
0.60
0.62
180
Bakhtiarpur
0.62
0.59
0.61
181
Digha
0.87
0.85
0.86
182
Bankipur
0.79
0.75
0.77
183
Kumhrar
0.87
0.82
0.85
78
Assembly
Constituency
District
Bhojpur
Buxar
Kaimur
(Bhabua)
Rohtas
No
Name
Male
Female
Total
184
Patna Sahib
0.68
0.65
0.67
185
Fatuha
0.66
0.64
0.65
186
Danapur
0.75
0.70
0.72
187
Maner
0.61
0.59
0.60
188
Phulwari (SC)
0.79
0.76
0.78
189
Masaurhi (SC)
0.62
0.63
0.63
190
Paliganj
0.62
0.60
0.61
191
Bikram
0.61
0.60
0.60
192
Sandesh
0.64
0.59
0.62
193
Barhara
0.68
0.60
0.65
194
Arrah
0.76
0.69
0.73
195
Agiaon (SC)
0.66
0.61
0.63
196
Tarari
0.66
0.62
0.64
197
Jagdishpur
0.65
0.60
0.63
198
Shahpur
0.71
0.62
0.67
199
Brahampur
0.63
0.59
0.61
200
Buxar
0.67
0.64
0.65
201
Dumraon
0.64
0.59
0.62
202
Rajpur (SC)
0.63
0.61
0.62
203
Ramgarh
0.60
0.58
0.59
204
Mohania (SC)
0.60
0.58
0.59
205
Bhabua
0.57
0.56
0.57
206
Chainpur
0.59
0.58
0.58
207
Chenari (SC)
0.59
0.55
0.57
208
Sasaram
0.65
0.61
0.63
79
Assembly
Constituency
District
Arwal
Jahanabad
No
Name
Male
Female
Total
209
Kargahar
0.66
0.62
0.64
210
Dinara
0.63
0.59
0.61
211
Nokha
0.63
0.59
0.61
212
Dehri
0.63
0.59
0.61
213
Karakat
0.61
0.58
0.60
214
Arwal
0.64
0.60
0.62
215
Kurtha
0.62
0.59
0.60
216
Jehanabad
0.62
0.60
0.61
217
Ghosi
0.59
0.59
0.59
218
Makhdumpur (SC)
0.58
0.56
0.57
219
Goh
0.59
0.57
0.58
220
Obra
0.63
0.59
0.61
Nabinagar
0.61
0.55
0.59
222
Kutumba (SC)
0.60
0.54
0.57
223
Aurangabad
0.66
0.62
0.64
224
Rafiganj
0.63
0.58
0.61
225
Gurua
0.57
0.54
0.55
226
Sherghati
0.56
0.55
0.56
227
Imamganj (SC)
0.55
0.54
0.54
228
Barachatti (SC)
0.55
0.55
0.55
229
Bodh Gaya (SC)
0.56
0.55
0.56
230
Gaya Town
0.56
0.54
0.55
231
Tikari
0.56
0.55
0.55
232
Belaganj
0.59
0.57
0.58
233
Atri
0.56
0.55
0.56
Aurangabad 221
Gaya
80
Assembly
Constituency
District
Nawada
Jamui
No
Name
Male
Female
Total
234
Wazirganj
0.57
0.55
0.56
235
Rajauli (SC)
0.62
0.60
0.61
236
Hisua
0.67
0.65
0.66
237
Nawada
0.67
0.66
0.67
238
Gobindpur
0.65
0.62
0.64
239
Warsaliganj
0.65
0.64
0.65
240
Sikandra (SC)
0.62
0.59
0.61
241
Jamui
0.62
0.58
0.60
242
Jhajha
0.60
0.57
0.58
243
Chakai
0.56
0.53
0.54
State of Bihar
0.60
0.57
0.59
(31.07.2015)
**Population data is Projected Population (2015)
81
Chapter 7
Top and Bottom Districts and
Constituencies by Electorate Size
Out of a total of 6.68 crore electors for the Bihar General Elections of 2015, it is notable
that every single registered elector of the 66,826,658 electors has an EPIC card. The EPIC
coverage for the Bihar Assembly Elections of 2015 is thus a perfect 100%.
Out of the 38 districts of Bihar, Patna at 43.7 lakh electors has the highest number of
electors, forming 6.54% of the total electorate of the state. This is followed by East
Champaran, Muzaffarpur, Madhubani and Saran (4.08%).
At the other end, Sheohar at 2.73 lakh electors has the lowest number of electors,
comprising 0.41% of the total electorate of the state. This is followed by Sheikhpura,
Arwal, Lakhisarai and Jahanabad (1.10%).
The top 5 districts together constitute 24% of the total electorate, while the bottom 5
form 3.85% of the total electorate of the state.
TABLE 1: T OP 5 DISTRICTS BY E LECTORATE SIZE
Electors
Sl. No
District
Number of Electors
As % of Total
Electors in State
Patna
4,368,288
6.54%
East Champaran
3,092,161
4.63%
Muzaffarpur
2,947,884
4.41%
Madhubani
2,903,674
4.35%
Saran
2,728,935
4.08%
Top 5 Districts
16,040,942
24.00%
State of Bihar
66,826,658
100%
82
TABLE 2: BOTTOM 5 DISTRICTS BY ELECTORATE SIZE

Electors
Sl. No
District
Number of Electors
As % of Total
Electors in State
Sheohar
273,466
0.41%
Sheikhpura
429,805
0.64%
Arwal
476,141
0.71%
Lakhisarai
657,860
0.98%
Jahanabad
735,311
1.10%
Bottom 5 Districts
2,572,583
3.85%
State of Bihar
66,826,658
100%
At the constituency level, Digha of Patna district has the largest number of electors at
4.28 lakh electors, comprising 0.64% of the total electorate of the state, while Barbigha
of Sheikhpura district has the smallest number of electors at 2.03 lakh electors, forming
0.30% of the total electorate of the state.
The top 5 constituencies together constitute 2.81% of the total electorate, while the
bottom 5 form 1.62% of the total electorate of the state.
TABLE 3: TOP 5 CONSTITUENCIES BY ELECTORATE SIZE

Sl. No
Electors
Name
District
Number of
Electors
As % of
Total
Electors in
State
Digha
Patna
427,826
0.64%
83
Electors
Name
District
Number of
Electors
As % of
Total
Electors in
State
Kumhrar
Patna
406,250
0.61%
Bankipur
Patna
357,896
0.54%
Biharsharif
Nalanda
346,650
0.52%
Lakhisarai
Lakhisarai
342,397
0.51%
Top 5 Constituencies
1,881,019
2.81%
State of Bihar
66,826,658
100%
Sl. No
TABLE 4: BOTTOM 5 CONSTITUENCIES BY ELECTORATE SIZE

Electors
Name
District
Number of
Electors
As % of
Total
Electors in
State
Barbigha
Sheikhpura
203,259
0.30%
Kochadhaman
Kishan-
216,507
0.32%
Hayaghat
Darbhanga
219,644
0.33%
Makhdumpur
(SC)
Jahanabad
221,309
0.33%
Lauriya
West Champaran
225,175
0.34%
Bottom 5 Constituencies
1,085,894
1.62%
State of Bihar
66,826,658
100%
Sl. No
84
Chapter 8
LIST OF PARTICIPATING POLITICAL
PARTIES in Bihar Assembly Election
2010
PARTY
TYPE
ABBREVIATION
PARTY
NATIONAL PARTIES
1.
2.
3.
BJP
BSP
CPI
4.
5.
6.
CPM
INC
NCP
Bharatiya Janata Party

Bahujan Samaj Party
Communist Party of India
(Marxist)
Indian National Congress
Nationalist Congress Party
STATE PARTIES
7.
JD(U)
8.
LJP
9.
RJD
Janata Dal
(United)
Lok Jan Shakti
Party
Rashtriya Janata
Dal
STATE PARTIES - OTHER STATES

10 .
11 .
AIFB
JD(S)
12 .
13 .
JKNPP
JMM
14 .
JVM
15 .
16 .
MUL
RSP
All India Forward Bloc

Janata Dal (Secular)
Jammu & Kashmir National
Panthers Party
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
Jharkhand Vikas Morcha
(Prajatantrik)
Muslim League Kerala State
Committee
Revolutionary Socialist Party
85
17 .
SHS
Shivsena
Samajwadi Party
18 .
SP
REGISTERED(Unrecognised) PARTIES
19 .
20 .
21 .
22 .
23 .
24 .
25 .
26 .
27 .
28 .
29 .
30 .
31 .
32 .
ABAPSMP
ABAS
ABDBM
ABHKP
ABHM
ABJS
ABSP
AD
AIBJRBSNC
AIFB(S)
AJSP
AKBMP
ANC
AP
AKHIL BHARTIYA ATYANT PICHARA SANGHARSH MORCHA

PARTY
Akhil Bharatiya Ashok Sena
Akhil Bharatiya Desh Bhakt Morcha
Akhil Bharatiya Hind Kranti Party
Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha
Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh
Akhand Bharat Samaj Party
Apna Dal
All India Babu Jagjivan Ram Saheb National Congress
All India Forward Bloc (Subhasist)
Alpjan Samaj Party
Akhil Bharitya Mithila Party
Ambedkar National Congress
Awami Party
86
ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS - INDIA (Bihar ), 2010

LIST OF PARTICIPATING POLITICAL PARTIES
PARTY TYPE
ABBREVIATION
REGISTERED(Unrecognised) PARTIES
33 .
BED
34 .
BEP(R)
35 .
BHAJP
36 .
BIP
37 .
38 .
BJJD
BJKD
39 .
BJKVP
40 .
BMF
41 .
42 .
43 .
44 .
45 .
BMP
BSA
BSP(K)
BVM
CPI(ML)(L)
46 .
47 .
GGP
GVIP
48 .
HND
49 .
50 .
IJK
IJP
51 .
INGP
52 .
53 .
JDP
JHD
PARTY
Bharatiya Ekta Dal
Bahujan Ekta Party (
R)
Bharatiya Jagaran
Party
Bharatiya Inqalab
Party
Bharatiya Jantantrik
Janta Dal
Bharatiya Jan Kranti Dal (Democratic)
Bajjikanchal Vikas
Party
Bharatiya Momin
Front
Bharat Mangalam
Parishad
Bahujan Shakty
Bahujan Sangharsh Party (Kanshiram)
Bharat Vikas Morcha
Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
Gondvana Gantantra
Party
Garib Vikas Party
Hindusthan Nirman
Dal
Indiya Jananayaka
Katchi
Indian Justice Party
Indian National
Green Party
Jharkhand Disom
Party
Janhit Dal
87
54 .
55 .
56 .
JKM
JMBP
JPS
57 .
58 .
59 .
60 .
61 .
62 .
KSVP
LD
LKSE
LM
LPSP
LS
63 .
64 .
LSSP
LTSD
65 .
66 .
MCPI(S)
PBI
67 .
68 .
69 .
PMSP
PSS
RASED
70 .
RJJM
71 .
RKJP
72 .
RPI(A)
Jawan Kisan Morcha

Jai Maha Bharath Party
Janvadi Party(Socialist)
Krantikari Samyavadi
Party
Lok Dal
Loksena
Lal Morcha
Lokpriya Samaj Party
Lok Shakti
Loktantrik Sarvjan Samaj
Party
Loktantrik Samata Dal
Marxist Communist Party
of India
(S.S. Srivastava)
Proutist Bolc, India
Pragatisheel Manav
Samaj Party
Proutist Sarva Samaj
Rashtra Sewa Dal
Rashtriya Jan-Jagram
Morcha
Rashtriya Krantikari
Janata Party
Republican Party of India
(A)
88
ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS - INDIA (Bihar ), 2010

PARTY TYPE
ABBREVIATION
LIST OF PARTICIPATING POLITICAL

PARTIES
PARTY
REGISTERED (Unrecognised) PARTIES

73 .
RPP
74 .
RSMD
75 .
76 .
RSP(S)
RSWD
77 .
78 .
79 .
80 .
81 .
RVNP
RWS
SAP
SBSP
SHD
82 .
83 .
SHSP
SJP(R)
84 .
SLP(L)
85 .
86 .
SMBHP
SOJP
Rashtriya Pragati
Party
Rashtriya Samanta
Dal
Rashtriya
Samajwadi Party (Secular)
Rashtra Sewa Dal
Rashtravadi Janata
Party
Rashtrawadi Sena
Samata Party
Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party
Sarvhara Dal
Shoshit Samaj
Party
Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
Socialist Party
(Lohia)
Smast Bhartiya
Party
SOCIALIST JANTA
89
PARTY
87 .
88 .
SSD
SUCI
89 .
90 .
SWJP
VIP
INDEPENDENTS
91 .
IND
Shoshit Samaj Dal

SOCIALIST UNITY CENTRE OF INDIA (COMMUNIST)
Samajwadi Jan
Parishad
VANCHITSAMAJ INSAAF PARTY
Independent
90
Chapter 9
Representation of Political Parties in Current (15th) State
Assembly as on the date of Constitution and strength of
each party as on 30.6.2015
Sl. No.
Party Name
Contestants / Seats
contested
Strength at the time of

Constitution / Seats won
Strength as on 30.6.2015
1)
Janata Dal (United)
141
115
111
2)
Bharatiya Janata Party
102
91
85
3)
Rashtriya Janata Dal
168
22
24
4)
Lok Janshakti Party
75
5)
Indian National Congress
243
05
91
6)
56
01
7)
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
41
8)
Independent
1342
05
9)
Vacant
12
Total
243
92
Chapter 10
Winners & Runners-Up in Bihar Assembly Election 2010
A. C.
NO.
Category
Assembly
Constituency
Name
Valmiki Nagar
GEN
Ramnagar
3
4
Winner Candidates
Name
Gender
Party
VOTE
Runner-up Candidates
Name
Gender
Rajesh Singh
JD(U)
42289
Mukesh Kumar
Kushwaha
RJD
27618
(SC)
Bhagirathi Devi
BJP
51993
Naresh Ram
INC
22211
Narkatiaganj
GEN
Satish Chandra Dubey
BJP
45022
Alok Prasad Verma
INC
24794
Bagaha
GEN
PrabhatRanjan Singh
JD(U)
67510
Ram Prasad Yadav
RJD
18455
Lauriya
GEN
Vinay Bihari
IND
38381
Pradeep Singh
JD(U)
27500
Nautan
GEN
Manorma Prasad
JD(U)
40894
Narayan Prasad
LJP
18130
Chanpatia
GEN
Chandra Mohan Rai
BJP
44835
Ejaj Hussain
BSP
21423
Bettiah
GEN
Renu Devi
BJP
42010
Anil Kumar Jha
IND
13221
Sikta
GEN
Dilip Varma
IND
49229
KhurshidUrfFirojAhamad
JD(U)
40450
10
Raxaul
GEN
Dr. Ajay Kumar Singh
BJP
48686
Raj NandanRai
LJP
38569
11
Sugauli
GEN
RamchandraSahani
BJP
39021
Vijay Prasad Gupta
RJD
26642
12
Narkatia
GEN
Shyam Bihari Prasad
JD(U)
31549
Yasmin Sabir Ali
LJP
23861
13
Harsidhi
(SC)
KrishanaNandanPaswan
BJP
48130
Surendra Kumar
Chandra Alias Satish
Paswan
RJD
30066
14
Govindganj
GEN
MeenaDwivedi
JD(U)
33859
Raju Tiwari
LJP
25454
15
Kesariya
GEN
Sachindra Pd. Singh
BJP
34649
Ram Saran Pd. Yadav
CPI
22966
16
Kalyanpur
GEN
RaziaKhatoon
JD(U)
41163
Manoj Kumar Yadav
RJD
25761
17
Pipra
(SC)
Awadhesh Prasad
Kushwaha
JD(U)
40099
Subhodh Yadav
RJD
28212
Party
vote
93
18
Madhuban
GEN
ShivjeeRai
JD(U)
40478
RanaRandhir
RJD
30356
19
Motihari
GEN
Pramod Kumar
BJP
51888
Rajesh Gupta Alias

Bablu Gupta
RJD
27358
20
Chiraia
GEN
Avaneesh Kumar Singh
BJP
39459
Laxmi Narayan Pr.

Yadav
RJD
24631
21
Dhaka
GEN
Pawan Kumar Jaiswal
IND
48100
Faisal Rahman
JD(U)
46451
22
Sheohar
GEN
Sharfuddin
JD(U)
40447
Pratima Devi
BSP
38816
23
Riga
GEN
Motilal Prasad
BJP
48633
Amit Kumar
INC
26306
24
Bathnaha
(SC)
Dinkar Ram
BJP
49181
Lalita Devi
LJP
35889
25
Parihar
GEN
Ram Naresh Pr. Yadav.
BJP
32987
Dr.RamchandraPurve
RJD
28769
26
Sursand
GEN
Shahidali Khan
JD(U)
38542
Jainandan Prasad
Yadav
RJD
37356
27
Bajpatti
GEN
RanjuGeeta
JD(U)
44726
Md. AnwarulHaque
RJD
41306
28
Sitamarhi
GEN
Sunil KumaraliasPintu
BJP
51664
Raghwendra Kumar
Singh
LJP
46443
29
Runisaidpur
GEN
Guddi Devi
JD(U)
36125
Ram ShatrughanRai
RJD
25366
30
Belsand
GEN
Sunita Singh
JD(U)
38139
Sanjay Kumar Gupta
RJD
18559
31
Harlakhi
GEN
Shaligramyadav
JD(U)
30281
Ram Naresh Pandey
CPI
23622
32
Benipatti
GEN
Vinod NarainJha
BJP
31198
Mahesh Chandra Singh
LJP
18556
33
Khajauli
GEN
Arun Shankar Prasad
BJP
44959
Sitaram Yadav
RJD
34246
34
Babubarhi
GEN
Uma Kantyadav
RJD
51772
KapildebKamat
JD(U)
46859
35
Bisfi
GEN
Dr.Faiyaj Ahmad
RJD
47169
HariBhushan Thakur
JD(U)
37668
36
Madhubani
GEN
Ram DeoMahto
BJP
44817
NaiyarAzam
RJD
44229
37
Rajnagar
(SC)
Ram Lakhan Ram

Raman
RJD
40584
RampritPaswan
BJP
38125
38
Jhanjharpur
GEN
Nitish Mishra
JD(U)
57652
Jagat Narayan Singh
RJD
36971
39
Phulparas
GEN
Guljar Devi
JD(U)
36113
Virendra Kumar
Chaudhary
RJD
23769
40
Laukaha
GEN
Hari Prasad Sah
JD(U)
47849
Chitaranjan Prasad
Yadav
RJD
30283
41
Nirmali
GEN
AniruddhaPrasadyadav
JD(U)
70150
Vijay Kumar Gupta
INC
24140
94
42
Pipra
GEN
Sujata Devi
JD(U)
44883
Dinbandhu Yadav
LJP
30197
43
Supaul
GEN
BijendraPrasadyadav
JD(U)
55179
Ravindra Kumar Raman
RJD
39779
44
Tribeniganj
(SC)
Amla Devi
JD(U)
63729
Anant Kumar Bharti
LJP
44706
45
Chhatapur
GEN
Neeraj Kumar Singh
JD(U)
66895
Akeel Ahmad
RJD
43165
46
Narpatganj
GEN
Devanti Yadav
BJP
61106
Anil Kumar Yadav
RJD
54169
47
Raniganj
(SC)
ParmanandRishideo
BJP
65111
Shanti Devi
RJD
41458
48
Forbesganj
GEN
PadamParag Roy
(Venu)
BJP
70463
Maya Nand Thakur
LJP
43636
49
Araria
GEN
Zakir Hussain Khan
LJP
49532
Narayan Kumar Jha
BJP
31471
50
Jokihat
GEN
Sarfrazalam
JD(U)
44027
Koshar Zia
IND
18697
51
Sikti
GEN
AnandiPrasadyadav
BJP
42076
Vijay Kumar Mandal
LJP
32202
52
Bahadurganj
GEN
MohammadtousifAlam
INC
30551
Mohammad
MaswarAlam
JD(U)
26752
53
Thakurganj
GEN
Naushadalam
LJP
36372
Gopal Kumar Agarwal
JD(U)
29409
54
Kishanganj
GEN
Dr Mohammad Jawaid
INC
38867
Sweety Singh
BJP
38603
55
Kochadhaman
GEN
AkhatarulIman
RJD
37376
MujahidAlam
JD(U)
28351
56
Amour
GEN
Saba Zafar
BJP
57774
Abdul JalilMastan
INC
38946
57
Baisi
GEN
Santosh Kumar
BJP
39939
NasarAhamad
INC
30689
58
Kasba
GEN
Md.AfaqueAlam
INC
63025
Pradip Kumar Das
BJP
58570
59
Banmankhi
(SC)
Krishna Kumar Rishi
BJP
67950
Dharmlal Rishi
RJD
23060
60
Rupauli
GEN
Bima Bharti
JD(U)
64887
Shankar Singh
LJP
27171
61
Dhamdaha
GEN
Leshi Singh
JD(U)
64323
Irshad Ahmad Khan
INC
19626
62
Purnia
GEN
Raj Kishore Keshari
BJP
54605
Ram Charitra Yadav
INC
39006
By
Polls
in
2011
Purnia
GEN
Kiran Devi
BJP
53732
R C Yadav
INC
30067
63
Katihar
GEN
Tar Kishore Prasad
BJP
58718
Dr. Ram Prakash Mahto
RJD
38111
64
Kadwa
GEN
Bhola Ray
BJP
38225
Himraj Singh
NCP
19858
65
Balrampur
GEN
Dulal Chandra
Goshwami
IND
48136
MahboobAlam
CPI(ML)(L)
45432
95
66
Pranpur
GEN
Binod Kumar Singh
BJP
43660
IsratParween
NCP
42944
67
Manihari
(ST)
Manohar Prasad Singh
JD(U)
44938
Gita Kisku
NCP
40773
68
Barari
GEN
Bibhasha Chandra
Choudhary
BJP
58104
Mohammed Shakoor
NCP
30936
69
Korha
(SC)
Mahesh Paswan
BJP
71020
Sunita Devi
INC
18576
70
Alamnagar
GEN
NarendraN.Yadav
JD(U)
64967
Lovely Anand
INC
22622
71
Bihariganj
GEN
RenuKumari
JD(U)
79062
Prabhash Kumar
RJD
29065
72
Singheshwar
(SC)
Ramesh Rishidev
JD(U)
72282
Amit Kumar Bharti
RJD
57086
73
Madhepura
GEN
Chandrashekhar
RJD
72481
Dr.Ramendra Kumar
Yadav Ravi
JD(U)
60537
74
Sonbarsa
(SC)
RatneshSada
JD(U)
56633
Sarita Devi
LJP
25188
75
Saharsa
GEN
AlokRanjan
BJP
55687
Arun Kumar
RJD
47708
76
SimriBakhtiarpur
GEN
Drarun Kumar
JD(U)
57980
Choudhry Mehboob Ali

Kaisar
INC
39138
77
Mahishi
GEN
DrabdulGafoor
RJD
39158
Raj Kumar Sah
JD(U)
37441
78
Kusheshwarasthan
(SC)
ShashiBhushanHajari
BJP
28576
RamchandraPaswan
LJP
23064
79
Gora Bauram
GEN
Dr.Izhar Ahmad
JD(U)
33258
Dr.Mahavir Prasad
RJD
22656
80
Benipur
GEN
Gopal Jee Thakur
BJP
43222
Hare Krishna Yadav
RJD
29265
81
Alinagar
GEN
Abdul Bari Siddiqui
RJD
37923
PrabhakarChoudhary
JD(U)
32934
82
Darbhanga Rural
GEN
LalitKumaryadav
RJD
29776
Ashraf Hussain
JD(U)
26100
83
Darbhanga
GEN
Sanjay Saraogi
BJP
64136
Sultan Ahmad
RJD
36582
84
Hayaghat
GEN
Amar NathGami
BJP
32023
Dr.Shahnawaz Ahmad
Kaifee
LJP
25998
85
Bahadurpur
GEN
Madan Sahni
JD(U)
27320
Harinandan Yadav
RJD
26677
86
Keoti
GEN
Ashok Kumaryadav
BJP
45791
FarazFatmi
RJD
45762
87
Jale
GEN
Vijay Kumar Mishra
BJP
42590
Ramniwas Pd.
RJD
25648
88
Gaighat
GEN
Veena Devi
BJP
56386
Maheshwar Prasad
Yadav
RJD
40399
89
Aurai
GEN
Ram SuratRai
BJP
38422
Surendra Kumar
RJD
26681
90
Minapur
GEN
Dinesh Prasad
JD(U)
42286
Rajeev Kumar
UrphMunna Yadav
RJD
36884
96
91
Bochaha
(SC)
Ramai Ram
JD(U)
61885
MusafirPaswan
RJD
37758
92
Sakra
(SC)
Suresh Chanchal
JD(U)
55486
LalBabu Ram
RJD
42441
93
Kurhani
GEN
Manoj Kumar Singh
JD(U)
36757
Bijendra Chaudhary
LJP
35187
94
Muzaffarpur
GEN
Suresh Kumar Sharma
BJP
72301
Mohhammad Jamal
LJP
25862
95
Kanti
GEN
Ajit Kumar
JD(U)
39648
Md. Israil
RJD
31233
96
Baruraj
GEN
BrijKishor Singh
RJD
42783
Nand Kumar Rai
JD(U)
28466
97
Paroo
GEN
Ashok Kumar Singh
BJP
53609
Mithilesh Prasad Yadav
RJD
34582
98
Sahebganj
GEN
Raju Kumar Singh
JD(U)
46606
Ram Vichar Ray
RJD
41690
99
Baikunthpur
GEN
Manjeet Kumar Singh
JD(U)
70105
Devdatt Prasad
RJD
33581
100
Barauli
GEN
Ram PraveshRai
BJP
45234
M.Nematullah
RJD
34820
101
Gopalganj
GEN
Subas Singh
BJP
58010
ReyazulHaque
RJD
42117
102
Kuchaikote
GEN
Amrendra Kumar
Pandey
JD(U)
51815
Aditya Narain Pandey
RJD
32297
103
Bhore
(SC)
IdradeoMajhi
BJP
61401
Bachchan Das
RJD
17831
104
Hathua
GEN
Ram Sewak Singh
JD(U)
50708
Rajesh Kumar Singh
RJD
27861
105
Siwan
GEN
Vyasdeo Prasad
BJP
51637
Awadhvihari Chaudhry
RJD
39096
106
Ziradei
GEN
Asha Devi
BJP
29442
AmarjeetKushwaha
CPI(ML)(L)
20522
107
Darauli
(SC)
RamayanManjhi
BJP
40993
Satyadeo Ram
CPI(ML)(L)
33987
108
Raghunathpur
GEN
VikramKunwar
BJP
33474
Amar Nath Yadav
CPI(ML)(L)
18362
109
Daraundha
GEN
Jagmato Devi
JD(U)
49115
Binod Kumar Singh
RJD
17980
110
Barharia
GEN
ShyamBahadur Singh
JD(U)
53707
MahamadMobin
RJD
28586
111
Goriyakothi
GEN
Bhumendra Narayan
Singh
BJP
42533
Indradeo Prasad
RJD
28512
112
Maharajganj
GEN
Damodar Singh
JD(U)
40232
Manik Chand Rai
RJD
20232
113
Ekma
GEN
Manoranjan Singh
JD(U)
55474
Kameshwar Kr. Singh
RJD
26273
114
Manjhi
GEN
Gautam Singh
JD(U)
28687
Hem Narayan Singh
RJD
20783
115
Baniapur
GEN
KedarNath Singh
RJD
45259
Virendra Kumar Ojha
JD(U)
41684
116
Taraiya
GEN
Janak Singh
BJP
26600
Tarkeshwar Singh
INC
19630
117
Marhaura
GEN
Jitendra Kumar Rai
RJD
26374
LalBabu Ray
JD(U)
20750
97
118
Chapra
GEN
Janardan Singh Sigriwal
BJP
61045
PramendraRanjan
Singh
RJD
25174
119
Garkha
(SC)
Gyan Chand Manjhi
BJP
41033
Muneshwar Chaudhary
RJD
39246
120
Amnour
GEN
Krishana Kumar
JD(U)
29508
Sunil Kumar
IND
18991
121
Parsa
GEN
ChhotelalRai
JD(U)
44828
ChandrikaRai
RJD
40139
122
Sonepur
GEN
Vinay Kumar Singh
BJP
64676
Rabri Devi
RJD
43991
123
Hajipur
GEN
Nityanand Roy
BJP
55315
RajendraRai
LJP
38706
124
Lalganj
GEN
Annu Shukla
JD(U)
58210
Raj Kumar Sah
IND
34065
125
Vaishali
GEN
Brishin Patel
JD(U)
60950
VeenaShahi
RJD
48122
126
Mahua
GEN
Ravindra Ray
JD(U)
46309
Jageshwar Ray
RJD
24384
127
Raja Pakar
(SC)
Sanjay Kumar
JD(U)
43212
GaurishankarPaswan
LJP
32997
128
Raghopur
GEN
Satish Kumar
JD(U)
64222
Rabri Devi
RJD
51216
129
Manhar
GEN
Dr.Achyuatanand
BJP
29754
Rama Kishor Singh
LJP
27265
130
Patepur
(SC)
MahendraBaitha
BJP
53762
Prema Chaudhary
RJD
37095
131
Kalyanpur
(SC)
RamsewakHazari
JD(U)
62124
BishwnathPaswan
LJP
31927
By
Polls
in
2013
Kalyanpur
(SC)
ManjuKumari
JD(U)
59325
Rekha Devi
LJP
42893
132
Warisnagar
GEN
Ashok Kumar
JD(U)
46245
Gajendra Prasad Singh
RJD
26745
133
Samastipur
GEN
Akhtarul Islam Sahin
RJD
42852
Ramnath Thakur
JD(U)
41025
134
Ujiarpur
GEN
Durga Prasad Singh
RJD
42791
Ram LakhanMahto
JD(U)
29760
135
Morwa
GEN
BaidhnathSahani
JD(U)
40271
Ashok Singh
RJD
33421
136
Sarairanjan
GEN
Vijay Kumar Chaudhary
JD(U)
53946
RamashrayaSahni
RJD
36389
137
Mohiuddinnagar
GEN
RanaGangeshwar Singh
BJP
51756
Ajay Kumar Bulganin
RJD
37405
138
Bibhutpur
GEN
Ram Balak Singh
JD(U)
46469
RamdeoVerma
CPM
34168
139
Rosera
(SC)
ManjuHajari
BJP
57930
PitamberPaswan
RJD
45811
140
Hasanpur
GEN
Raj Kumar Ray
JD(U)
36767
Sunil Kumar Puspam
RJD
33476
141
CheriaBariarpur
GEN
KumariManjuVerma
JD(U)
32807
Anil Kumar Chaudhary
LJP
31746
142
Bachwara
GEN
Abdhesh Kumar Rai
CPI
33770
ArvINDKumar Singh
IND
21683
98
143
Teghra
GEN
Lalan Ku.
BJP
38694
Ram Ratan Singh
CPI
32848
144
Matihani
GEN
Narendra Kumar Singh

UrfBogo Singh
JD(U)
60530
Abhay Kumar Sarjan
INC
36702
145
Sahebpur Kamal
GEN
Parveenamanullah
JD(U)
46391
Shreenarayan Yadav
RJD
35280
146
Begusarai
GEN
Surendra Mehta
BJP
50602
Upendra Prasad Singh
LJP
30984
147
Bakhri
(SC)
Ramanand Ram
BJP
43871
Ram BinodPaswan
LJP
25459
148
Alauli
(SC)
Ram Chandra Sada
JD(U)
53775
Pashupati Kumar Paras
LJP
36252
149
Khagaria
GEN
Poonam Devi Yadav
JD(U)
48841
Sushila Devi
LJP
21988
150
Beldaur
GEN
Pannalal Singh (Patel)
JD(U)
45990
Sunita Sharma
LJP
30252
151
Parbatta
GEN
SamratChoudhary Alias
Rakesh Kumar
RJD
60428
Ramanand Prasad
Singh
JD(U)
59620
152
Bihpur
GEN
Shailendra Kumar
BJP
48027
Shailesh Kumar @ Bulo

Mandal
RJD
47562
153
Gopalpur
GEN
Narendra Kumar Niraj
JD(U)
53876
Amit Rana
RJD
28816
154
Pirpainti
(SC)
Aman Kumar
BJP
48493
Ram VilashPaswan
RJD
42741
155
Kahalgaon
GEN
Sadanand Singh
INC
44936
KahkashanPerween
JD(U)
36001
156
Bhagalpur
GEN
Ashwini Kumar Choubey
BJP
49164
Ajeet Sharma
INC
38104
157
Sultanganj
GEN
SubodhRai
JD(U)
34652
Ramavatar Mandal
RJD
29807
158
Nathnagar
GEN
Ajai Kumar Mandal
JD(U)
42094
Abu Kaishar
RJD
37367
159
Amarpur
GEN
JanardanManjhi
JD(U)
47300
Surendra Prasad Singh
RJD
29293
160
Dhuraiya
(SC)
Manish Kumar
JD(U)
40261
Naresh Das
RJD
31919
161
Banka
GEN
JavedIqbalansari
RJD
29047
Ram Narayan Mandal
BJP
26637
162
Katoria
(ST)
SonelalHembram
BJP
32332
SuklalBesara
RJD
23569
163
Belhar
GEN
Giridhariyadav
JD(U)
33776
Ramdeo Yadav
RJD
26160
164
Tarapur
GEN
Neeta Choudhary
JD(U)
44582
ShakuniChoudhary
RJD
30704
165
Munger
GEN
Anant Kumar Satyarthy
JD(U)
55086
ShabnamPerwin
RJD
37473
166
Jamalpur
GEN
Shailesh Kumar
JD(U)
48337
Sadhana Devi
LJP
27195
167
Surajgarha
GEN
PremRanjan Patel
BJP
49511
Prahlad Yadav
RJD
46583
168
Lakhisarai
GEN
Vijay Kumar Sinha
BJP
78457
Fulaina Singh
RJD
18837
169
Sheikhpura
GEN
Randhir Kumar Soni
JD(U)
31507
Sunila Devi
INC
24165
99
170
Barbigha
GEN
GajanandShahi
JD(U)
24136
Ashok Choudhary
INC
21089
171
Asthawan
GEN
Jitendra Kumar
JD(U)
54176
Kapildev Prasad Singh
LJP
34606
172
Biharsharif
GEN
Dr. Sunil Kumar
JD(U)
77880
Aafrin Sultana
RJD
54168
173
Rajgir
(SC)
SatyadeoNarainarya
BJP
50648
Dhananjay Kumar
LJP
23697
174
Islampur
GEN
RajibRanjan
JD(U)
56332
VirendraGop
RJD
32524
175
Hilsa
GEN
Usha Sinha
JD(U)
54974
Rina Devi
LJP
41772
176
Nalanda
GEN
Shrawon Kumar
JD(U)
58067
Arun Kumar
RJD
37030
177
Harnaut
GEN
Harinarayan Singh
JD(U)
56827
Arun Kumar
RJD
37030
178
Mokama
GEN
Anant Kumar Singh
JD(U)
51564
Sonam Devi
LJP
42610
179
Barh
GEN
Gyanendra Kumar Singh
JD(U)
53129
Vijay Krishna
RJD
33734
180
Bakhtiarpur
GEN
Aniruddh Kumar
RJD
52782
Vinode Yadav
BJP
38037
181
Digha
GEN
Punam Devi
JD(U)
81247
SatyaNand Sharma
LJP
20785
182
Bankipur
GEN
Nitin Nabin
BJP
78771
Binod Kumar Srivastava
RJD
17931
183
Kumhrarh
GEN
Arun Kumar Sinha
BJP
83425
Md. Kamal Parwez
LJP
15617
184
Patna Sahib
GEN
NandKishoreyadav
BJP
91419
Parvej Ahmad
INC
26082
185
Fatwa
GEN
Dr.Ramanand Yadav
RJD
50218
Ajay Kumar Singh
JD(U)
40562
186
Danapur
GEN
Asha Devi
BJP
59425
RitLal Ray
IND
41506
187
Maner
GEN
Bhai Virendra
RJD
57818
SrikantNirala
JD(U)
48217
188
Phulwari
(SC)
ShyamRajak
JD(U)
67390
Uday Kumar
RJD
46210
189
Masaurhi
(SC)
ArunManjhi
JD(U)
56977
Anil Kumar
LJP
51945
190
Paliganj
GEN
Dr.UshaVidyarthi
BJP
43692
Jai Vardhan Yadav
RJD
33450
191
Bikram
GEN
Anil Kumar
BJP
38965
Siddharth
LJP
36613
192
Sandesh
GEN
Sanjay Singh (Tiger)
BJP
29988
Arun Kumar
IND
23166
193
Barhara
GEN
RaghwendraPratap
Singh
RJD
46102
Asha Devi
JD(U)
45019
194
Arrah
GEN
AmrendraPratap Singh
BJP
56504
Shree Kumar Singh
LJP
37564
195
Agiaon
(SC)
Shivesh Kumar
BJP
29257
Suresh Paswan
RJD
24008
196
Tarari
GEN
Narendra Kumar
Pandeyalias Sunil
Pandey
JD(U)
48413
Adib Rizvi
RJD
34093
100
197
Jagdishpur
GEN
Dinesh Kumar Singh
RJD
55560
Sribhagwan Singh
Kushwaha
JD(U)
45374
198
Shahpur
GEN
Munni Devi
BJP
44795
Dharmpal Singh
RJD
36584
199
Barhampur
GEN
Dilmarni Devi
BJP
46196
Ajit Chaudhary
RJD
25854
200
Buxar
GEN
Prof.SukhadaPande
BJP
48062
ShyamLal Singh
Kushwaha
RJD
27879
201
Dumraon
GEN
Dr.Daud Ali
JD(U)
42538
Sunil Kumar
RJD
22692
202
Rajpur
(SC)
Santosh Kumar Nirala
JD(U)
54802
ChhediLal Ram
LJP
39563
203
Ramgarh
GEN
Ambika Singh
RJD
30787
Ashok Kumar Singh
IND
27809
204
Mohania
(SC)
ChhediPaswan
JD(U)
38918
Niranjan Ram
RJD
36393
205
Bhabua
GEN
Dr.Pramod Kumar Singh
LJP
31246
AnandBhushan Pandey
BJP
30799
206
Chainpur
GEN
BrijKishorVind
BJP
46510
Dr. Ajay Alok
BSP
32930
207
Chenari
(SC)
Shyam Bihari Ram
JD(U)
44586
LalanPasawan
RJD
41685
208
Sasaram
GEN
Jawahar Prasad
BJP
50856
Dr. Ashok Kumar
RJD
45445
209
Kargahar
GEN
Ram Dhani Singh
JD(U)
54190
Shiv Shankar Singh
LJP
40993
210
Dinara
GEN
Jay Kumar Singh
JD(U)
47176
SitaSundari Devi
RJD
30566
211
Nokha
GEN
Rameshwar Prasad
BJP
39020
Kanti Singh
RJD
27297
212
Dehri
GEN
JyotiRashmi
ND
43634
Mohammad Iliyas
Husain
RJD
33819
213
Karakat
GEN
Rajeshwar Raj
JD(U)
49751
MunnaRai
RJD
38336
214
Arwal
GEN
Chitranjan Kumar
BJP
23984
Mahanand Prasad
CPI(ML)(L)
19782
215
Kurtha
GEN
Satyadev Singh
JD(U)
37633
Shiv Bachan Yadav
RJD
28140
216
Jahanabad
GEN
Abhiram Sharma
JD(U)
35508
SachchitaNand Yadav
RJD
26941
217
Ghosi
GEN
Rahul Kumar
JD(U)
40364
Jagdish Prasad
LJP
26088
218
Makhdumpur
(SC)
Jitan Ram Manjhi
JD(U)
38463
DharmrajPaswan
RJD
33378
219
Goh
GEN
Dr.Ranvijay Kumar
JD(U)
47378
Ram Ayodhya Prasad

Yadav
RJD
46684
220
Obra
GEN
Somprakash Singh
ND
36816
Pramod Singh
Chadravanshi
JD(U)
36014
221
Nabinagar
GEN
Virendra Kumar Singh
JD(U)
36860
Vijay Kumar Singh
LJP
25026
101
222
Kutumba
(SC)
Lalan Ram
JD(U)
42559
Suresh Paswan
RJD
28649
223
Aurangabad
GEN
Ramadhar Singh
BJP
41176
Sunil Kumar Singh
RJD
34934
224
Rafiganj
GEN
Ashok Kumar Singh
JD(U)
58501
Mohammad Nehaluddin
RJD
34816
225
Gurua
GEN
Surendra Prasad Sinha
BJP
46767
Bindeshwari Prasad
Yadav
RJD
35331
226
Sherghati
GEN
Vinod Prasad Yadav
JD(U)
25447
Sushama Devi
IND
18944
227
Imamganj
(SC)
UdayNarainChoudhary
JD(U)
44126
Raushan Kumar
RJD
42915
228
Barachatti
(SC)
Jyoti Devi
JD(U)
57550
Samta Devi
RJD
33804
229
Bodh Gaya
(SC)
ShyamDeoPaswan
BJP
54160
Kumar Sarvjeet
LJP
42947
230
Gaya Town
GEN
Prem Kumar
BJP
55618
Jalal Uddin Ansari
CPI
27201
231
Tikari
GEN
Dr. Anil Kumar
JD(U)
67706
Bagi Kumar Verma
RJD
49165
232
Belaganj
GEN
SurendraPrasadyadav
RJD
53079
Mohammad Amzad
JD(U)
48441
233
Atri
GEN
Krishna Nandan Yadav
JD(U)
55633
Kunti Devi
RJD
35023
234
Wazirganj
GEN
Virendra Singh
BJP
38893
Awadhesh Kumar Singh
INC
21127
235
Rajauli
(SC)
Kanhaiya Kumar
BJP
51020
Prakash Bir
RJD
36930
236
Hisua
GEN
Anil Singh
BJP
43110
Anil Mehta
LJP
39132
237
Nawada
GEN
Purnimayadav
JD(U)
46568
Rajballabh Prasad
RJD
40231
238
Gobindpur
GEN
Kaushalyadav
JD(U)
45589
Prof. K. B. Prasad
LJP
24702
239
Warsaliganj
GEN
Pradip Kumar
JD(U)
42381
Aruna Devi
INC
36953
240
Sikandra
(SC)
RameshwarPaswan
JD(U)
39829
Subhash Chandra Bosh
LJP
27468
241
Jamui
GEN
Ajay Pratap
JD(U)
60130
Vijay Prakash
RJD
35663
242
Jhajha
GEN
DamodarRawat
JD(U)
48080
Binod Prasad Yadav
RJD
37876
243
Chakai
GEN
Sumit Kumar Singh
JMM
21809
Bijay Kumar Singh
LJP
21621
102
Chapter 11
List of winning Candidates with winning Margin less than
5000 votes in Bihar Assembly Election 2010 (Margin Less
5000 in Dark Red Color)
A. C.
NO.
Assembly Constituency Name
Winner
Runner-up
Margin of
Votes
Valmiki Nagar
Winner Candidates Name

Rajesh Singh
Winner Party Name

JD(U)
VOTE
42289
Runner-up Party
RJD
vote
27618
14671
Ramnagar
Bhagirathi Devi
BJP
51993
INC
22211
29782
Narkatiaganj
Satish Chandra Dubey
BJP
45022
INC
24794
20228
Bagaha
PrabhatRanjan Singh
JD(U)
67510
RJD
18455
49055
Lauriya
Vinay Bihari
IND
38381
JD(U)
27500
10881
Nautan
Manorma Prasad
JD(U)
40894
LJP
18130
22764
Chanpatia
Chandra Mohan Rai
BJP
44835
BSP
21423
23412
Bettiah
Renu Devi
BJP
42010
IND
13221
28789
Sikta
Dilip Varma
IND
49229
JD(U)
40450
8779
10
Raxaul
Dr. Ajay Kumar Singh
BJP
48686
LJP
38569
10117
11
Sugauli
RamchandraSahani
BJP
39021
RJD
26642
12379
12
Narkatia
Shyam Bihari Prasad
JD(U)
31549
LJP
23861
7688
13
Harsidhi
KrishanaNandanPaswan
BJP
48130
RJD
30066
18064
14
Govindganj
MeenaDwivedi
JD(U)
33859
LJP
25454
8405
15
Kesariya
Sachindra Pd. Singh
BJP
34649
CPI
22966
11683
16
Kalyanpur
RaziaKhatoon
JD(U)
41163
RJD
25761
15402
103
17
Pipra
Awadhesh Prasad
Kushwaha
JD(U)
40099
RJD
28212
11887
18
Madhuban
ShivjeeRai
JD(U)
40478
RJD
30356
10122
19
Motihari
Pramod Kumar
BJP
51888
RJD
27358
24530
20
Chiraia
Avaneesh Kumar Singh
BJP
39459
RJD
24631
14828
21
Dhaka
Pawan Kumar Jaiswal
IND
48100
JD(U)
46451
1649
22
Sheohar
Sharfuddin
JD(U)
40447
BSP
38816
1631
23
Riga
Motilal Prasad
BJP
48633
INC
26306
22327
24
Bathnaha
Dinkar Ram
BJP
49181
LJP
35889
13292
25
Parihar
Ram Naresh Pr. Yadav.
BJP
32987
RJD
28769
4218
26
Sursand
Shahidali Khan
JD(U)
38542
RJD
37356
1186
27
Bajpatti
RanjuGeeta
JD(U)
44726
RJD
41306
3420
28
Sitamarhi
Sunil KumaraliasPintu
BJP
51664
LJP
46443
5221
29
Runisaidpur
Guddi Devi
JD(U)
36125
RJD
25366
10759
30
Belsand
Sunita Singh
JD(U)
38139
RJD
18559
19580
31
Harlakhi
Shaligramyadav
JD(U)
30281
CPI
23622
6659
32
Benipatti
Vinod NarainJha
BJP
31198
LJP
18556
12642
33
Khajauli
Arun Shankar Prasad
BJP
44959
RJD
34246
10713
34
Babubarhi
Uma Kantyadav
RJD
51772
JD(U)
46859
4913
35
Bisfi
Dr.Faiyaj Ahmad
RJD
47169
JD(U)
37668
9501
36
Madhubani
Ram DeoMahto
BJP
44817
RJD
44229
588
37
Rajnagar
Ram Lakhan Ram Raman
RJD
40584
BJP
38125
2459
38
Jhanjharpur
Nitish Mishra
JD(U)
57652
RJD
36971
20681
39
Phulparas
Guljar Devi
JD(U)
36113
RJD
23769
12344
40
Laukaha
Hari Prasad Sah
JD(U)
47849
RJD
30283
17566
41
Nirmali
AniruddhaPrasadyadav
JD(U)
70150
INC
24140
46010
42
Pipra
Sujata Devi
JD(U)
44883
LJP
30197
14686
43
Supaul
BijendraPrasadyadav
JD(U)
55179
RJD
39779
15400
44
Tribeniganj
Amla Devi
JD(U)
63729
LJP
44706
19023
104
45
Chhatapur
Neeraj Kumar Singh
JD(U)
66895
RJD
43165
23730
46
Narpatganj
Devanti Yadav
BJP
61106
RJD
54169
6937
47
Raniganj
ParmanandRishideo
BJP
65111
RJD
41458
23653
48
Forbesganj
PadamParag Roy (Venu)
BJP
70463
LJP
43636
26827
49
Araria
Zakir Hussain Khan
LJP
49532
BJP
31471
18061
50
Jokihat
Sarfrazalam
JD(U)
44027
IND
18697
25330
51
Sikti
AnandiPrasadyadav
BJP
42076
LJP
32202
9874
52
Bahadurganj
MohammadtousifAlam
INC
30551
JD(U)
26752
3799
53
Thakurganj
Naushadalam
LJP
36372
JD(U)
29409
6963
54
Kishanganj
Dr Mohammad Jawaid
INC
38867
BJP
38603
264
55
Kochadhaman
AkhatarulIman
RJD
37376
JD(U)
28351
9025
56
Amour
Saba Zafar
BJP
57774
INC
38946
18828
57
Baisi
Santosh Kumar
BJP
39939
INC
30689
9250
58
Kasba
Md.AfaqueAlam
INC
63025
BJP
58570
4455
59
Banmankhi
Krishna Kumar Rishi
BJP
67950
RJD
23060
44890
60
Rupauli
Bima Bharti
JD(U)
64887
LJP
27171
37716
61
Dhamdaha
Leshi Singh
JD(U)
64323
INC
19626
44697
62
Purnia
Raj Kishore Keshari
BJP
54605
INC
39006
15599
By
Polls
in 2011
Purnia
Kiran Devi
BJP
53732
INC
30067
23665
63
Katihar
Tar Kishore Prasad
BJP
58718
RJD
38111
20607
64
Kadwa
Bhola Ray
BJP
38225
NCP
19858
18367
65
Balrampur
Dulal Chandra Goshwami
IND
48136
CPI(ML)(L)
45432
2704
66
Pranpur
Binod Kumar Singh
BJP
43660
NCP
42944
716
67
Manihari
JD(U)
44938
NCP
40773
4165
68
Barari
Bibhasha Chandra
Choudhary
BJP
58104
NCP
30936
27168
69
Korha
Mahesh Paswan
BJP
71020
INC
18576
52444
70
Alamnagar
NarendraN.Yadav
JD(U)
64967
INC
22622
42345
105
71
Bihariganj
RenuKumari
JD(U)
79062
RJD
29065
49997
72
Singheshwar
Ramesh Rishidev
JD(U)
72282
RJD
57086
15196
73
Madhepura
Chandrashekhar
RJD
72481
JD(U)
60537
11944
74
Sonbarsa
RatneshSada
JD(U)
56633
LJP
25188
31445
75
Saharsa
AlokRanjan
BJP
55687
RJD
47708
7979
76
Simri Bakhtiarpur
Drarun Kumar
JD(U)
57980
INC
39138
18842
77
Mahishi
DrabdulGafoor
RJD
39158
JD(U)
37441
1717
78
Kusheshwarasthan
ShashiBhushanHajari
BJP
28576
LJP
23064
5512
79
Gora Bauram
Dr.Izhar Ahmad
JD(U)
33258
RJD
22656
10602
80
Benipur
Gopal Jee Thakur
BJP
43222
RJD
29265
13957
81
Alinagar
Abdul Bari Siddiqui
RJD
37923
JD(U)
32934
4989
82
Darbhanga Rural
LalitKumaryadav
RJD
29776
JD(U)
26100
3676
83
Darbhanga
Sanjay Saraogi
BJP
64136
RJD
36582
27554
84
Hayaghat
Amar NathGami
BJP
32023
LJP
25998
6025
85
Bahadurpur
Madan Sahni
JD(U)
27320
RJD
26677
643
86
Keoti
Ashok Kumaryadav
BJP
45791
RJD
45762
29
87
Jale
Vijay Kumar Mishra
BJP
42590
RJD
25648
16942
88
Gaighat
Veena Devi
BJP
56386
RJD
40399
15987
89
Aurai
Ram SuratRai
BJP
38422
RJD
26681
11741
90
Minapur
Dinesh Prasad
JD(U)
42286
RJD
36884
5402
91
Bochaha
Ramai Ram
JD(U)
61885
RJD
37758
24127
92
Sakra
Suresh Chanchal
JD(U)
55486
RJD
42441
13045
93
Kurhani
Manoj Kumar Singh
JD(U)
36757
LJP
35187
1570
94
Muzaffarpur
Suresh Kumar Sharma
BJP
72301
LJP
25862
46439
95
Kanti
Ajit Kumar
JD(U)
39648
RJD
31233
8415
96
Baruraj
BrijKishor Singh
RJD
42783
JD(U)
28466
14317
97
Paroo
Ashok Kumar Singh
BJP
53609
RJD
34582
19027
98
Sahebganj
Raju Kumar Singh
JD(U)
46606
RJD
41690
4916
99
Baikunthpur
Manjeet Kumar Singh
JD(U)
70105
RJD
33581
36524
106
100
Barauli
Ram PraveshRai
BJP
45234
RJD
34820
10414
101
Gopalganj
Subas Singh
BJP
58010
RJD
42117
15893
102
Kuchaikote
Amrendra Kumar Pandey
JD(U)
51815
RJD
32297
19518
103
Bhore
IdradeoMajhi
BJP
61401
RJD
17831
43570
104
Hathua
Ram Sewak Singh
JD(U)
50708
RJD
27861
22847
105
Siwan
Vyasdeo Prasad
BJP
51637
RJD
39096
12541
106
Ziradei
Asha Devi
BJP
29442
CPI(ML)(L)
20522
8920
107
Darauli
RamayanManjhi
BJP
40993
CPI(ML)(L)
33987
7006
108
Raghunathpur
VikramKunwar
BJP
33474
CPI(ML)(L)
18362
15112
109
Daraundha
Jagmato Devi
JD(U)
49115
RJD
17980
31135
110
Barharia
ShyamBahadur Singh
JD(U)
53707
RJD
28586
25121
111
Goriyakothi
Bhumendra Narayan Singh
BJP
42533
RJD
28512
14021
112
Maharajganj
Damodar Singh
JD(U)
40232
RJD
20232
20000
113
Ekma
Manoranjan Singh
JD(U)
55474
RJD
26273
29201
114
Manjhi
Gautam Singh
JD(U)
28687
RJD
20783
7904
115
Baniapur
KedarNath Singh
RJD
45259
JD(U)
41684
3575
116
Taraiya
Janak Singh
BJP
26600
INC
19630
6970
117
Marhaura
Jitendra Kumar Rai
RJD
26374
JD(U)
20750
5624
118
Chapra
Janardan Singh Sigriwal
BJP
61045
RJD
25174
35871
119
Garkha
Gyan Chand Manjhi
BJP
41033
RJD
39246
1787
120
Amnour
Krishana Kumar
JD(U)
29508
IND
18991
10517
121
Parsa
ChhotelalRai
JD(U)
44828
RJD
40139
4689
122
Sonepur
Vinay Kumar Singh
BJP
64676
RJD
43991
20685
123
Hajipur
Nityanand Roy
BJP
55315
LJP
38706
16609
124
Lalganj
Annu Shukla
JD(U)
58210
IND
34065
24145
125
Vaishali
Brishin Patel
JD(U)
60950
RJD
48122
12828
126
Mahua
Ravindra Ray
JD(U)
46309
RJD
24384
21925
127
Raja Pakar
Sanjay Kumar
JD(U)
43212
LJP
32997
10215
128
Raghopur
Satish Kumar
JD(U)
64222
RJD
51216
13006
107
129
Manhar
Dr.Achyuatanand
BJP
29754
LJP
27265
2489
130
Patepur
MahendraBaitha
BJP
53762
RJD
37095
16667
131
Kalyanpur
RamsewakHazari
JD(U)
62124
LJP
31927
30197
By
Polls
in 2013
Kalyanpur
ManjuKumari
JD(U)
59325
LJP
42893
16432
132
Warisnagar
Ashok Kumar
JD(U)
46245
RJD
26745
19500
133
Samastipur
Akhtarul Islam Sahin
RJD
42852
JD(U)
41025
1827
134
Ujiarpur
Durga Prasad Singh
RJD
42791
JD(U)
29760
13031
135
Morwa
BaidhnathSahani
JD(U)
40271
RJD
33421
6850
136
Sarairanjan
Vijay Kumar Chaudhary
JD(U)
53946
RJD
36389
17557
137
Mohiuddinnagar
RanaGangeshwar Singh
BJP
51756
RJD
37405
14351
138
Bibhutpur
Ram Balak Singh
JD(U)
46469
CPM
34168
12301
139
Rosera
ManjuHajari
BJP
57930
RJD
45811
12119
140
Hasanpur
Raj Kumar Ray
JD(U)
36767
RJD
33476
3291
141
CheriaBariarpur
KumariManjuVerma
JD(U)
32807
LJP
31746
1061
142
Bachwara
Abdhesh Kumar Rai
CPI
33770
IND
21683
12087
143
Teghra
Lalan Ku.
BJP
38694
CPI
32848
5846
144
Matihani
Narendra Kumar Singh

UrfBogo Singh
JD(U)
60530
INC
36702
23828
145
Sahebpur Kamal
Parveenamanullah
JD(U)
46391
RJD
35280
11111
146
Begusarai
Surendra Mehta
BJP
50602
LJP
30984
19618
147
Bakhri
Ramanand Ram
BJP
43871
LJP
25459
18412
148
Alauli
Ram Chandra Sada
JD(U)
53775
LJP
36252
17523
149
Khagaria
Poonam Devi Yadav
JD(U)
48841
LJP
21988
26853
150
Beldaur
Pannalal Singh (Patel)
JD(U)
45990
LJP
30252
15738
151
Parbatta
SamratChoudhary Alias
Rakesh Kumar
RJD
60428
JD(U)
59620
808
152
Bihpur
Shailendra Kumar
BJP
48027
RJD
47562
465
153
Gopalpur
Narendra Kumar Niraj
JD(U)
53876
RJD
28816
25060
108
154
Pirpainti
Aman Kumar
BJP
48493
RJD
42741
5752
155
Kahalgaon
Sadanand Singh
INC
44936
JD(U)
36001
8935
156
Bhagalpur
Ashwini Kumar Choubey
BJP
49164
INC
38104
11060
157
Sultanganj
SubodhRai
JD(U)
34652
RJD
29807
4845
158
Nathnagar
Ajai Kumar Mandal
JD(U)
42094
RJD
37367
4727
159
Amarpur
JanardanManjhi
JD(U)
47300
RJD
29293
18007
160
Dhuraiya
Manish Kumar
JD(U)
40261
RJD
31919
8342
161
Banka
JavedIqbalansari
RJD
29047
BJP
26637
2410
162
Katoria
SonelalHembram
BJP
32332
RJD
23569
8763
163
Belhar
Giridhariyadav
JD(U)
33776
RJD
26160
7616
164
Tarapur
Neeta Choudhary
JD(U)
44582
RJD
30704
13878
165
Munger
Anant Kumar Satyarthy
JD(U)
55086
RJD
37473
17613
166
Jamalpur
Shailesh Kumar
JD(U)
48337
LJP
27195
21142
167
Surajgarha
PremRanjan Patel
BJP
49511
RJD
46583
2928
168
Lakhisarai
Vijay Kumar Sinha
BJP
78457
RJD
18837
59620
169
Sheikhpura
Randhir Kumar Soni
JD(U)
31507
INC
24165
7342
170
Barbigha
GajanandShahi
JD(U)
24136
INC
21089
3047
171
Asthawan
Jitendra Kumar
JD(U)
54176
LJP
34606
19570
172
Biharsharif
Dr. Sunil Kumar
JD(U)
77880
RJD
54168
23713
173
Rajgir
SatyadeoNarainarya
BJP
50648
LJP
23697
26951
174
Islampur
RajibRanjan
JD(U)
56332
RJD
32524
23808
175
Hilsa
Usha Sinha
JD(U)
54974
LJP
41772
13202
176
Nalanda
Shrawon Kumar
JD(U)
58067
RJD
37030
21037
177
Harnaut
Harinarayan Singh
JD(U)
56827
RJD
37030
15042
178
Mokama
Anant Kumar Singh
JD(U)
51564
LJP
42610
8954
179
Barh
Gyanendra Kumar Singh
JD(U)
53129
RJD
33734
19395
180
Bakhtiarpur
Aniruddh Kumar
RJD
52782
BJP
38037
14745
181
Digha
Punam Devi
JD(U)
81247
LJP
20785
60462
182
Bankipur
Nitin Nabin
BJP
78771
RJD
17931
60840
109
183
Kumhrarh
Arun Kumar Sinha
BJP
83425
LJP
15617
67808
184
Patna Sahib
NandKishoreyadav
BJP
91419
INC
26082
65337
185
Fatwa
Dr.Ramanand Yadav
RJD
50218
JD(U)
40562
9656
186
Danapur
Asha Devi
BJP
59425
IND
41506
17919
187
Maner
Bhai Virendra
RJD
57818
JD(U)
48217
9601
188
Phulwari
ShyamRajak
JD(U)
67390
RJD
46210
21180
189
Masaurhi
ArunManjhi
JD(U)
56977
LJP
51945
5032
190
Paliganj
Dr.UshaVidyarthi
BJP
43692
RJD
33450
10242
191
Bikram
Anil Kumar
BJP
38965
LJP
36613
2352
192
Sandesh
Sanjay Singh (Tiger)
BJP
29988
IND
23166
6822
193
Barhara
RaghwendraPratap Singh
RJD
46102
JD(U)
45019
1083
194
Arrah
AmrendraPratap Singh
BJP
56504
LJP
37564
18940
195
Agiaon
Shivesh Kumar
BJP
29257
RJD
24008
5249
196
Tarari
Narendra Kumar
Pandeyalias Sunil Pandey
JD(U)
48413
RJD
34093
14320
197
Jagdishpur
Dinesh Kumar Singh
RJD
55560
JD(U)
45374
10186
198
Shahpur
Munni Devi
BJP
44795
RJD
36584
8211
199
Barhampur
Dilmarni Devi
BJP
46196
RJD
25854
20342
200
Buxar
Prof.SukhadaPande
BJP
48062
RJD
27879
20183
201
Dumraon
Dr.Daud Ali
JD(U)
42538
RJD
22692
19846
202
Rajpur
JD(U)
54802
LJP
39563
15239
203
Ramgarh
Ambika Singh
RJD
30787
IND
27809
2978
204
Mohania
ChhediPaswan
JD(U)
38918
RJD
36393
2525
205
Bhabua
Dr.Pramod Kumar Singh
LJP
31246
BJP
30799
447
206
Chainpur
BrijKishorVind
BJP
46510
BSP
32930
13580
207
Chenari
Shyam Bihari Ram
JD(U)
44586
RJD
41685
2901
208
Sasaram
Jawahar Prasad
BJP
50856
RJD
45445
5411
209
Kargahar
Ram Dhani Singh
JD(U)
54190
LJP
40993
13197
210
Dinara
Jay Kumar Singh
JD(U)
47176
RJD
30566
16610
110
211
Nokha
Rameshwar Prasad
BJP
39020
RJD
27297
11723
212
Dehri
JyotiRashmi
ND
43634
RJD
33819
9815
213
Karakat
Rajeshwar Raj
JD(U)
49751
RJD
38336
11415
214
Arwal
Chitranjan Kumar
BJP
23984
CPI(ML)(L)
19782
4202
215
Kurtha
Satyadev Singh
JD(U)
37633
RJD
28140
9493
216
Jahanabad
Abhiram Sharma
JD(U)
35508
RJD
26941
8567
217
Ghosi
Rahul Kumar
JD(U)
40364
LJP
26088
14276
218
Makhdumpur
Jitan Ram Manjhi
JD(U)
38463
RJD
33378
5085
219
Goh
Dr.Ranvijay Kumar
JD(U)
47378
RJD
46684
694
220
Obra
Somprakash Singh
ND
36816
JD(U)
36014
802
221
Nabinagar
Virendra Kumar Singh
JD(U)
36860
LJP
25026
11834
222
Kutumba
Lalan Ram
JD(U)
42559
RJD
28649
13910
223
Aurangabad
Ramadhar Singh
BJP
41176
RJD
34934
6242
224
Rafiganj
Ashok Kumar Singh
JD(U)
58501
RJD
34816
23685
225
Gurua
Surendra Prasad Sinha
BJP
46767
RJD
35331
11436
226
Sherghati
Vinod Prasad Yadav
JD(U)
25447
IND
18944
6503
227
Imamganj
UdayNarainChoudhary
JD(U)
44126
RJD
42915
1211
228
Barachatti
Jyoti Devi
JD(U)
57550
RJD
33804
23746
229
Bodh Gaya
ShyamDeoPaswan
BJP
54160
LJP
42947
11213
230
Gaya Town
Prem Kumar
BJP
55618
CPI
27201
28417
231
Tikari
Dr. Anil Kumar
JD(U)
67706
RJD
49165
18541
232
Belaganj
SurendraPrasadyadav
RJD
53079
JD(U)
48441
4638
233
Atri
Krishna Nandan Yadav
JD(U)
55633
RJD
35023
20610
234
Wazirganj
Virendra Singh
BJP
38893
INC
21127
17766
235
Rajauli
Kanhaiya Kumar
BJP
51020
RJD
36930
14090
236
Hisua
Anil Singh
BJP
43110
LJP
39132
3978
237
Nawada
Purnimayadav
JD(U)
46568
RJD
40231
6337
238
Gobindpur
Kaushalyadav
JD(U)
45589
LJP
24702
20887
239
Warsaliganj
Pradip Kumar
JD(U)
42381
INC
36953
5428
111
240
Sikandra
RameshwarPaswan
JD(U)
39829
LJP
27468
12361
241
Jamui
Ajay Pratap
JD(U)
60130
RJD
35663
24467
242
Jhajha
DamodarRawat
JD(U)
48080
RJD
37876
10204
243
Chakai
Sumit Kumar Singh
JMM
21809
LJP
21621
188
112
Chapter 12
Seats won by Parties in SC Constituencies in Bihar Assembly
Election 2010
Party
No. of Seats won
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
18
Communist Party of India (CPI)
--
Indian National Congress (INC)
--
Janata Dal (United), JD(U)
19
Lok Jan Shakti Party (LJP)
--
RashtriyaLok Dal (RJD)
01
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM)
--
Independent (IND)
--
Total
38
113
Seats won by Parties in ST Constituencies

in Bihar Assembly Election 2010
Party
No. of Seats won
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
01
Communist Party of India (CPI)
--
Indian National Congress (INC)
--
Janata Dal (United), JD(U)
01
Lok Jan Shakti Party (LJP)
--
RashtriyaLok Dal (RJD)
--
Jharkhand MuktiMorcha (JMM)
--
Independent (IND)
--
Total
02
Details of SC & ST Assembly Seats Won by Political Parties in Election 2010

A.C. No.
2
A.C. Name
Ramnagar (SC)
Name of Winner
Bhagirathi Devi
Gender
F
Party Name
BJP
114
13
Harsidhi (SC)
24
37
Bathnaha (SC)
Rajnagar (SC)
44
47
59
67
69
72
74
78
91
92
103
107
119
127
130
131
139
147
148
154
160
Tribeniganj (SC)
Raniganj (SC)
Banmankhi (SC)
Manihari (ST)
Korha (SC)
Singheshwar (SC)
Sonbarsa (SC)
Kuseshwarsthanh (SC)
Bochaha (SC)
Sakra (SC)
Bhorey (SC)
Darauli (SC)
Garkha (SC)
Raja Pakar (SC)
Patepur (SC)
Kalyanpur (SC)
Rosera (SC)
Bakhri (SC)
Alauli (SC)
Pirpainti (SC)
Dhuraiya (SC)
Krishana Nandan
Paswan
Dinkar Ram
Ram Lakhan Ram
Raman
Amla Devi
Parmanand Rishideo
Krishna Kumar Rishi
Mahesh Paswan
Ramesh Rishidev
Ratnesh Sada
Shashi Bhushan Hajari
Ramai Ram
Suresh Chanchal
Idradeo Majhi
Ramayan Manjhi
Gyan Chand Manjhi
Sanjay Kumar
Mahendra Baitha
Ramsewak Hazari
Manju Hajari
Ramanand Ram
Ram Chandra Sada
Aman Kumar
Manish Kumar
BJP
M
M
BJP
RJD
F
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
F
M
M
M
M
JD(U)
BJP
BJP
JD(U)
BJP
JD(U)
JD(U)
BJP
JD(U)
JD(U)
BJP
BJP
BJP
JD(U)
BJP
JD(U)
BJP
BJP
JD(U)
BJP
JD(U)
115
162
173
188
189
195
202
204
207
218
222
227
228
229
235
240
Katoria (ST)
Rajgir (SC)
Phulwari (SC)
Masaurhi (SC)
Agiaon (SC)
Rajpur (SC)
Mohania (SC)
Chenari (SC)
Makhdumpur (SC)
Kutumba (SC)
Imamganj (SC)
Barachatti (SC)
Bodh Gaya (SC)
Rajauli (SC)
Sikandra (SC)
Sonelal Hembram
SatAryadeo Narain
Shyam Rajak
Arun Manjhi
Shivesh Kumar
Chhedi Paswan
Shyam Bihari Ram
Jitan Ram Manjhi
Lalan Ram
Uday Narain Choudhary
Jyoti Devi
Shyam Deo Paswan
Kanhaiya Kumar
Rameshwar Paswan
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
F
M
M
M
BJP
BJP
JD(U)
JD(U)
BJP
JD(U)
JD(U)
JD(U)
JD(U)
JD(U)
JD(U)
JD(U)
BJP
BJP
JD(U)
116
Chapter 13
Performance of Women Candidates in Bihar Assembly
Election 2010
Name of Constituency
Sl No.
Name of candidate
Party
Party
Type
Votes
Secured
% of votes secured
over total
over total
electors
votes polled
Statu
s
Total
Valid
votes
State/UT: Bihar
2 BHAGIRATHI DEVI
10 SAHODARI DEVI
15 MANSA BHARTI
3 Narkatiaganj
6 ASIMA KHATOON
5 Lauriya
8 NARAYANI DEVI
2 Ramnagar (SC)
BJP
BVM
IND
N
U
Z
51993
1038
1083
24.00
0.48
0.50
41.51
0.83
0.86
W
FD
FD
125257
125257
125257
SP
1300
0.65
1.10
FD
118282
SJP(R)
2014
1.06
1.75
FD
114776
JD(U)
40894
20.41
36.48
112107
VIP
840
0.42
0.75
FD
112107
6 Nautan
5
9
MANORMA
PRASAD
SHRI KANTI DEVI
117
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
20
Bettiah
5
RENU DEVI
Raxaul
6
BHAGMATI DEVI
Sugauli
6
BEMISAL PRAVIN
Narkatia
2
YASMIN SABIR ALI
Harsidhi (SC)
10
KUSUM DEVI
Govindganj
2
MEENA DWIVEDI
Kesaria
6
SUMITRA
KUMARI YADAV
Kalyanpur
4
RAZIA KHATOON
BJP
42010
21.86
39.57
106163
SP
1138
0.54
1.00
FD
113455
SJP(R)
2236
1.09
1.97
FD
113367
LJP
23861
11.67
20.04
119067
IND
3324
1.78
3.24
FD
102692
JD(U)
33859
17.91
34.76
97400
INC
3212
1.73
3.40
FD
94480
JD(U)
41163
23.21
42.49
96871
9
Chiraia
ARPANA DEVI
IND
3102
1.75
3.20
FD
96871
SUSHEELA DEVI
MANJU DEVI
SJP(R)
IND
U
Z
1374
7006
0.64
3.25
1.23
6.26
FD
FD
111933
111933
ZAINAB AHMAD
NABI
NCP
534
0.23
0.42
FD
126635
7
11
21
22
Dhaka
3
Sheohar
118
23
PRATIMA DEVI
BSP
38816
16.82
32.36
119938
3
7
NAGINA DEVI
DROPATI DEVI
LJP
IJP
S
U
18562
819
8.07
0.36
15.21
0.67
FD
FD
122022
122022
Riga
24 Bathnaha (SC)
Sl
Name of candidate
No.
Party
Party
Type
Votes
Secured
% of votes secured
over total
over total
electors
25
26
27
28
29
3
LALITA DEVI
Parihar
6
BASIRAN KHATOON.
Sursand
1
ANITA RAUT
10
SUSHAMA DEVI SARRAF
Bajpatti
13
SUMITRA DEVI
5
RANJU GEETA
Sitamarhi
2
KUMARI RUPAM
Runisaidpur
9
MANGEETA DEVI
10
MANDAKANI KUMARI
1
GUDDI DEVI
Stat
us
Total
Valid
LJP
35889
15.26
votes
polled
32.12
SJP(R)
2182
0.95
1.89
FD
115475
CPI
IND
N
Z
13173
2746
5.68
1.18
11.31
2.36
FD
FD
116475
116475
IND
JD(U)
Z
S
2501
44726
1.03
18.41
2.15
38.52
FD
W
116118
116118
INC
3870
1.73
3.27
FD
118527
IND
IND
JD(U)
Z
Z
S
14125
1335
36125
6.53
0.62
16.71
12.96
1.23
33.15
FD
FD
W
108973
108973
108973
votes
L
111723
119
30
32
35
39
40
41
42
44
4
MONI GUPTA
6
SUSHMA NARAYAN
8
IRA DEVI
Belsand
5
SUNITA SINGH
Benipatti
2
BHAWANA JHA.
Bisfi
15
SEEMA DEVI
Phulparas
1
ANITA YADAV
2
GULJAR DEVI
4
VIKRAM SHILA DEVI
Laukaha
8
INDRA KALA DEVI
Nirm
ali
2
ARUNA MEHTA
8
PRATIMA DEVI
Pipr
a
4
SUJATA DEVI
Tribeniganj (SC)
12
RENU KUMARI
13
SUDHA KUMARI
2
AMLA DEVI
INC
BSP
IND
N
N
Z
10114
6289
3553
4.68
2.91
1.64
9.28
5.77
3.26
FD
FD
FD
108973
108973
108973
JD(U)
38139
19.22
38.80
98284
INC
13334
5.70
13.65
FD
97668
IND
3358
1.38
2.92
FD
115105
INC
JD(U)
CPM
N
S
N
4677
36113
3358
1.79
13.82
1.28
3.69
28.49
2.65
FD
W
FD
126774
126774
126774
IND
1851
0.71
1.35
FD
137390
RJD
IND
S
Z
23985
1125
10.98
0.51
18.39
0.86
L
FD
130457
130457
JD(U)
44883
21.23
35.84
125233
IND
IND
JD(U)
Z
Z
S
1263
3025
63729
0.60
1.45
30.50
0.97
2.32
48.96
FD
FD
W
130169
130169
130169
120
45
3
GITA DEVI
6
KUMARI SHOBHA
Chhatapur
16
REETA DEVI
BSP
SP
N
U
1473
999
0.71
0.48
1.13
0.77
FD
FD
130169
130169
IND
2915
1.37
2.13
FD
136719
121
Sl No.
Name of candidate
46
47
51
52
53
54
55
Narpatganj
3
DEVANTI YADAV
Raniganj (SC)
1
KAUSHALYA DEVI
4
SHANTI DEVI
Sikti
5
SHAGUFTA
9
KALPANA DEVI
Bahadurganj
8
KHOSHI DEVI
Thakurganj
7
POONAM DEVI
Kishanganj
6
SWEETY SINGH
Kochadhaman
58
Votes
Secured
% of votes secured
over
over total
total
elector
votes
s
polled
Stat
us
Total
Valid
votes
BJP
61106
25.68
40.99
149093
NCP
RJD
N
S
3883
41458
1.69
18.05
2.96
31.60
FD
L
131191
131191
INC
IND
N
Z
20280
1221
9.57
0.58
15.03
0.90
FD
FD
134957
134957
IND
1417
0.68
1.26
FD
112446
JMM
10715
5.45
8.34
FD
128527
BJP
38603
18.22
31.16
123875
SUNITA GUPTA
IND
1831
1.03
1.78
FD
103036
TUKSI DEVI
BJJD
1188
0.54
0.95
FD
124697
MANI SINHA
SP
657
0.33
0.49
FD
133900
BIMA BHARTI
JD(U)
64887
27.25
46.63
139155
LESHI SINGH
JD(U)
64323
27.19
44.02
146115
15
56
Party
Party
Type
Amour
Kasba
60
Rupauli
61
4
Dhamdaha
5
122
64
65
66
67
68
69
Kadwa
14
19
Balrampur
15
Pranpur
2
MANOWRA BEGUM
LALITA DEVI
IND
IND
Z
Z
1282
377
0.64
0.19
1.07
0.31
FD
FD
119961
119961
SHAHIN SHIRIN AZAD
IND
859
0.37
0.58
FD
147247
ISRAT PARWEEN
NCP
42944
19.74
31.07
138226
IND
NCP
Z
N
781
40773
0.37
19.37
0.62
32.32
FD
L
126139
126139
CPI(ML)(L
)
IJP
BVM
902
0.43
0.72
FD
126139
U
U
669
2233
0.32
1.06
0.53
1.77
FD
FD
126139
126139
SANYOGITA SINGH
INC
10822
5.22
7.91
FD
136794
MANJU DEVI
SUNITA DEVI
NCP
INC
N
N
15956
18576
7.88
9.18
12.42
14.46
FD
FD
128442
128442
Manihari (ST)
11
PRIYA DEVI
2
GITA KISKU
6
GITA DEVI
7
8
JULIE HEMBRAM
PHOOLMANI
HEMBRAM
Barari
5
Korha (SC)
1
5
123
Sl No.
Name of candidate
70
71
72
73
74
76
77
78
81
82
Alamnagar
4
LOVELY ANAND
12
BULBUL SINGH
Bihariganj
4
RANJEET RANJAN
5
RENU KUMARI
Singheshwar (SC)
5
INDO DEVI
Madhepura
9
SWATI PRIYA
Sonbarsa (SC)
6
SARITA DEVI
12
INDU DEVI
Simri bakhtiarpur
7
ASHA DEVI
9
POONAM DEVI
Mahishi
6
REKHA DEVI
Kusheshwar asthan (SC)
5
SANGEETA BHARTI
Alinagar
9
MANAWATI DEVI
Darbhanga Rural
Party
Party
Type
Votes
Secured
% of votes secured
over
over total
total
electors
votes
polled
Statu
s
Total
Valid
votes
INC
IND
N
Z
22622
2961
8.59
1.12
14.68
1.92
FD
FD
154110
154110
INC
JD(U)
N
S
27554
79062
10.96
31.44
18.05
51.80
L
W
152620
152620
SAP
3227
1.31
2.22
FD
145296
SP
3117
1.21
2.03
FD
153267
LJP
IND
S
Z
25188
1214
10.99
0.53
21.07
1.02
L
FD
119548
119548
IND
IND
Z
Z
1611
1675
0.66
0.68
1.22
1.27
FD
FD
131565
131565
JD(S)
946
0.42
0.81
FD
117290
CPM
2185
1.10
2.42
FD
90475
IND
1524
0.71
1.50
FD
101888
124
90
7
Hayaghat
10
Gaighat
1
4
Aurai
7
Minapur
91
13
MADHAVI CHANDRA
Bochaha (SC)
IND
4898
2.41
3.95
FD
124134
10
1
Sakra (SC)
7
REKHA KUMARI
BABY KUMARI
BJKD
INC
U
N
521
5289
0.26
2.64
0.43
4.32
FD
FD
122340
122340
REKHA DEVI
SP
1131
0.58
0.98
FD
115583
IND
403
0.17
0.33
FD
121797
IND
1157
0.56
0.93
FD
124711
84
88
89
92
94
95
SHANICHRI DEVI
CPI(ML)(L)
1604
0.72
1.58
FD
101745
RANI DEVI
IND
1805
0.98
1.99
FD
90930
ARTI DEVI
VEENA DEVI
INC
BJP
N
N
6742
56386
2.92
24.42
5.20
43.46
FD
W
129756
129756
DURGA DEVI
JPS
1062
0.48
0.91
FD
116666
Muzaffarpur
13
GARGI SINGH
Kanti
19
CHANDRAKANTA
SHAHI
125
Sl No.
Name of
candidate
96
98
99
100
102
103
105
% of votes secured
over
over total
total
electors
votes
polled
Stat
us
Total
Valid
votes
KIRAN DEVI
RINKU RANI
SHS
BED
U
U
4161
1088
2.03
0.53
3.69
0.97
FD
FD
112639
112639
KIRAN DEVI
IND
1716
0.77
1.38
FD
124149
AMRITA SINGH
NCP
1840
0.86
1.52
FD
121009
SANGEETA SINGH
IND
3829
1.64
3.06
FD
125334
RENU DEVI
IND
2200
1.09
1.92
FD
114863
AFREEN KALAM
HASMI
JD(S)
1035
0.45
0.82
FD
126639
PUSPA DEVI
BINITA BAITHA
SHIV KALI DEVI
IND
IND
IND
Z
Z
Z
1898
1409
4000
0.76
0.56
1.60
1.58
1.18
3.34
FD
FD
FD
119790
119790
119790
SHAKUNTALA
DEVI
SANGITA SINHA
IND
273
0.12
0.23
FD
116821
IND
778
0.34
0.67
FD
116821
ARTI DEVI
SP
784
0.39
0.73
FD
108043
Paroo
12
Sahebganj
1
Baikunthpur
14
Barauli
13
Kuchaikote
6
Bhorey (SC)
9
10
12
Siwan
21
23
106
Votes
Secured
Baruraj
7
11
97
Party
Party
Type
Ziradei
7
126
107
108
109
110
111
112
17
JONHA DEVI
1
ASHA DEVI
Darauli (SC)
5
SUMITRA DEVI
6
MADHURI DEVI
Raghunathpur
4
SAMRUN NISA
12
MUNNI DEVI
Daraundha
1
JAGMATO DEVI
Z
N
1767
29442
0.89
14.82
1.64
27.25
FD
W
108043
108043
INC
BMP
N
U
3356
3241
1.44
1.39
2.87
2.77
FD
FD
117027
117027
NCP
IND
N
Z
1484
1915
0.71
0.92
1.43
1.85
FD
FD
103493
103493
JD(U)
49115
22.00
44.30
110869
CPI(ML)(L)
1931
0.88
1.68
FD
115121
IND
1447
0.61
1.16
FD
124872
INDU DEVI
RUBY ARUN
NCP
JD(S)
N
U
1128
632
0.52
0.29
1.02
0.57
FD
FD
111075
111075
NIBHA SINGH
IND
1882
0.87
1.69
FD
111075
RINKU DEVI
IND
527
0.24
0.49
FD
106721
Barharia
10
MALTI DEVI
Goriyakothi
19
RENU YADAV
Maharajganj
2
7
114
IND
BJP
14
Manjhi
21
115 Baniapur
127
S Name of
l candidate
N
o
.
116
117
118
120
6 ANANDI DEVI
9 GAYATRI DEVI
T
a
r
a
i
y
a
4 PRIYANKA SINGH
Marhaura
2 SHOBHA DEVI
7
1 ANITA NAVEEN
1
1 USHA DEVI
6
Chapra
2 AMITA DEVI
2 SUNITA KUMARI
1
Amnour
6 DHANA DEVI
Party
Party
Type
Votes
Secured
% of votes secured
over total
over total
Status
Total
Valid
SP
IND
U
Z
587
1453
electors
0.25
0.62
BSP
4628
2.16
4.62
FD
100104
IND
3410
1.82
3.43
FD
99365
IND
4028
2.15
4.05
FD
99365
IND
838
0.45
0.84
FD
99365
NCP
IND
N
Z
1059
352
0.42
0.14
0.93
0.31
FD
FD
114406
114406
BED
1068
0.55
1.11
FD
96624
votes polled
0.52
1.30
FD
FD
votes
112187
112187
128
121
122
123
124
125
127
128
P
a
r
s
a
5 SANDHAYA RAY
Sonepur
8 LILAWATI DEVI
2 RABRI DEVI
Hajipur
2 UJJAWALA SHAHI
1 BABY
0
Lalganj
1 ANNU SHUKLA
Vaishali
1 ANJANI SINHA
0
3 VEENA SHAHI
6 NISA RANI
Raja pakar (SC)
9 RITA
CHOUDHARY
1 KUMARI BABITA
2 RAJAK
Raghopur
1 CHANDRA DEVI
2 RABRI DEVI
4 SUNITA DEVI
NCP
859
0.44
0.85
FD
101148
IND
RJD
Z
S
1995
43991
0.89
19.66
1.66
36.56
FD
L
120316
120316
INC
JD(S)
N
U
2000
530
0.85
0.23
1.50
0.40
FD
FD
133432
133432
JD(U)
58210
22.85
40.80
142674
IND
1522
0.62
1.13
FD
134985
RJD
JD(S)
S
U
48122
1073
19.67
0.44
35.65
0.79
L
FD
134985
134985
SP
636
0.31
0.62
FD
102959
IND
1460
0.72
1.42
FD
102959
INC
RJD
BSP
N
S
N
3824
51216
1841
1.45
19.49
0.70
2.86
38.32
1.38
FD
L
FD
133641
133641
133641
129
129
130
131
Manhar
1 MUNNI DEVI
3
Patepur (SC)
1 PREMA
CHAUDHARY
2 BABITA DEVI
9 RINA KUMARI
1 RITA DEVI
2
Kalyanpur (SC)
1 ANITA RAM
IND
2087
0.94
1.75
FD
118972
RJD
37095
16.64
32.28
114911
INC
SP
N
U
3946
1060
1.77
0.48
3.43
0.92
FD
FD
114911
114911
IND
2157
0.97
1.88
FD
114911
INC
13344
5.31
10.35
FD
128961
130
Sl No.
Name of
candidate
133
135
137
139
141
142
143
144
Samastipur
6
11
Morwa
19
ISHRAT JAHAN
PRAMILA RAI
SHWETA
KUMARI
Mohiuddinnagar
8
ANITA DEVI
Rosera (SC)
2
BIBHA DEVI
3
MANJU HAJARI
4
SARITA DEVI
Cheria bariarpur
2
USHA SAHNI
3
KUMARI MANJU
VERMA
Bachhwara
4
MEENA DEVI
6
VANDANA SINGH
13
KUNDAN SINGH
Teghra
6
INDU DEVI
Matihani
5
VIDYA RANI
Party
Party
Type
Votes
Secured
% of votes secured
over
over total
total
electors
votes
polled
Stat
us
Total
Valid
votes
LSSP
CPI(ML)(L)
U
U
726
2127
0.34
1.00
0.62
1.82
FD
FD
116809
116809
IND
1313
0.66
1.25
FD
104970
IND
679
0.34
0.65
FD
105102
BSP
BJP
INC
N
N
N
3011
57930
13914
1.21
23.28
5.59
2.35
45.29
10.88
FD
W
FD
127908
127908
127908
CPI
JD(U)
N
S
13450
32807
6.64
16.20
11.78
28.73
FD
W
114202
114202
LJP
BJP
IND
S
N
Z
19301
15241
3014
8.55
6.75
1.34
14.85
11.73
2.32
FD
FD
FD
129938
129938
129938
IND
1754
0.79
1.42
FD
123337
LJP
13440
5.19
9.00
FD
149372
131
145
146
148
149
DR. KRANTI
SINGH
Sahebpur kamal
1
PARVEEN
AMANULLAH
Begusarai
4
SHANTI SWAMI
Alauli
(SC)
8
SHUSHILA DEVI
Khagaria
3
PRITI VERMA
SP
898
0.35
0.60
FD
149372
JD(U)
46391
23.93
42.96
107994
INC
8309
3.41
6.44
FD
129070
IND
2792
1.43
2.58
FD
108355
INC
4553
2.29
4.00
FD
113828
RAJ KUMARI
DEVI YADAV
SUSHILA DEVI
VARSHA RANI
POONAM DEVI
YADAV
NCP
1087
0.55
0.95
FD
113828
LJP
IND
JD(U)
S
Z
S
21988
1592
48841
11.06
0.80
24.56
19.32
1.40
42.91
L
FD
W
113828
113828
113828
SUNITA SHARMA
ANITA BIHARI
LJP
IND
S
Z
30252
6433
12.88
2.74
22.76
4.84
L
FD
132945
132945
1
3
UMA DEVI
MEENA SINGH
INC
NCP
N
N
14655
925
6.24
0.39
11.02
0.70
FD
FD
132945
132945
RENU
CHOUDHARY
CPI
2098
1.01
1.79
FD
116985
SUPRABHA
BHARTI
CPI
3164
1.55
2.76
FD
114616
4
5
13
2
150
Beldaur
6
10
152
153
Bihpur
Gopalpur
6
132
Sl No.
Name of candidate
154
155
157
158
159
160
161
162
Pirpainti (SC)
1
ANJANI DEVI
14
USHA DEVI
Kahalgaon
2
KAHKASHAN
PERWEEN
6
SUNITA DEVI
9
RAJU RANJANA
Sultanganj
16
PRAGYA KUMAR
Nathnagar
5
USHA KUMARI
7
MUMTAZ
Amarpur
9
BABY DEVI
Dhuraiya (SC)
3
PREMLATADEVI
8
SUGANDHA DEVI
Banka
2
NILUFAR NAHID
12
PRATIBHA
PRAKASH
14
SIMPAL DEVI
Katoria (ST)
Party
Party
Type
Votes
Secured
% of votes secured
over
over total
total
elector
votes
s
polled
Stat
us
Total
Valid
votes
BSP
IND
N
Z
4344
1323
1.63
0.50
3.37
1.02
FD
FD
129088
129088
JD(U)
36001
13.95
27.21
132284
NCP
SP
N
U
1496
1250
0.58
0.48
1.13
0.94
FD
FD
132284
132284
IND
2087
0.79
1.69
FD
123552
JPS
ANC
U
U
2403
954
0.99
0.39
1.97
0.78
FD
FD
122251
122251
JVM
5160
2.21
4.45
FD
115992
BSP
SP
N
U
2263
1059
1.00
0.47
2.01
0.94
FD
FD
112758
112758
INC
IND
N
Z
2827
6762
1.39
3.31
2.65
6.34
FD
FD
106691
106691
IND
8610
4.22
8.07
FD
106691
133
164
165
166
169
171
172
173
175
PUSHPLATA
MURMU
ROSEMERI KISKU
NCP
3270
1.76
3.84
FD
85187
INC
4517
2.43
5.30
FD
85187
NEETA
CHOUDHARY
SUMITRA DEVI
JD(U)
44582
17.72
37.42
119133
12
Munger
5
SHABNAM PERWIN
Jamalpur
5
SADHANA DEVI
Sheikhpura
JPS
4089
1.63
3.43
FD
119133
RJD
37473
13.94
28.90
129649
LJP
27195
10.63
23.70
114747
5
SUNILA DEVI
11
RINKU DEVI
Asthawan
13
JAYMANTI DEVI
INC
IND
N
Z
24165
3009
12.00
1.49
23.42
2.92
L
FD
103186
103186
IND
1983
0.85
1.85
FD
106979
RJD
54168
17.30
36.07
150190
(SC)
MONI DEVI
PINKI DEVI
INC
IND
N
Z
6599
1675
2.88
0.73
6.48
1.65
FD
FD
101803
101803
USHA SINHA
JD(U)
54974
22.86
43.62
126043
4
Tarapur
2
Biharsharif
2
AAFRIN SULTANA
Rajgir
4
13
Hilsa
2
134
Sl No.
Name of candidate
Votes
Secured
% of votes secured
over
over total
total
elector
votes
s
polled
17.37
33.14
0.49
0.94
1.89
3.61
RINA DEVI
SAVITRI DEVI
SHASHI YADAV
LJP
NCP
CPI(ML)(L)
S
N
U
41772
1187
4550
BASUNDHARA
KUMARI
SUNAINA DEVI
INC
2797
1.16
JD(S)
1381
SONAM DEVI
LJP
179
Barh
IND
180
12
PUSHPA DEVI
Bakhtiarpur
PUSHPA DEVI
SHASHI YADAV
181
6
8
Digha
PUNAM DEVI
MAYA
SHRIVASTAVA
177
4
5
10
Harnaut
Party
Party
Type
178
7
Mokama
4
2
7
182
Bankipur
183
5
LEELA SINGH
12
REKHA MODI
15
SUNITA PREETAM
Kumhrarh
Stat
us
Total
Valid
votes
L
FD
FD
126043
126043
126043
2.33
FD
120103
0.57
1.15
FD
120103
42610
19.90
36.43
116975
1517
0.70
1.34
FD
113011
JMM
IND
U
Z
1289
3384
0.64
1.67
1.14
2.99
FD
FD
113274
113274
JD(U)
LSSP
S
U
81247
865
23.76
0.25
62.03
0.66
W
FD
130974
130974
BSP
IND
IND
N
Z
Z
495
438
940
0.17
0.15
0.32
0.45
0.40
0.86
FD
FD
FD
109309
109309
109309
135
SUCI
IND
U
Z
214
490
0.07
0.16
0.18
0.42
FD
FD
115804
115804
186
9
SADHNA MISHRA
14
RENU KUSHWAHA
Danapur
BJP
59425
23.27
47.52
125050
187
1
Maner
IND
IND
Z
Z
1155
2308
0.49
0.97
0.87
1.74
FD
FD
132342
132342
188
12
MANJU DEVI
14
MINA DEVI
Phulwari (SC)
RSWD
416
0.17
0.31
FD
135456
189
8
MAMTA DEVI
Masaurhi (SC)
MANTI DAS
NCP
654
0.24
0.46
FD
142650
190
5
Paliganj
DR. USHA
VIDYARTHI
ASHA DEVI
BABY PRAVEEN
BJP
43692
18.85
37.70
115899
SP
IJP
U
U
396
993
0.17
0.43
0.34
0.86
FD
FD
115899
115899
ASHA DEVI
191
5
9
Bikram
LEELA VERMA
CPI(ML)(L)
4004
1.61
3.04
FD
131772
193
10
Barhara
ASHA DEVI
DR. SIYA MATI RAI
JD(U)
IND
S
Z
45019
1690
19.32
0.73
40.54
1.52
L
FD
111049
111049
194
2
14
Arrah
MEENA TIWARI
CPI(ML)(L)
5314
2.31
4.68
FD
113450
10
136
Sl No.
Name of candidate
195
196
197
198
199
200
Agiaon (SC)
4
Tarari
3
Jagdishpur
6
Shahpur
3
4
Barhampur
4
16
17
Buxar
3
6
15
21
201
24
Dumraon
3
Party
Party
Type
Votes
Secured
% of votes secured
over
over total
total
elector
votes
s
polled
Stat
us
Total
Valid
votes
SUDHA DEVI
NCP
1261
0.63
1.37
FD
92365
JAY LAKSHMI
INC
1427
0.63
1.12
FD
127786
JAYANTI DEVI
SP
901
0.38
0.69
FD
130261
MALTI DEVI
MUNNI DEVI
INC
BJP
N
N
2348
44795
0.98
18.74
2.11
40.29
FD
W
111194
111194
DILMARNI DEVI
INDU DEVI
KIRAN MISHRA
BJP
IND
IND
N
Z
Z
46196
2070
1898
17.53
0.79
0.72
36.67
1.64
1.51
W
FD
FD
125983
125983
125983
MANJU PRAKASH
PROF. SUKHADA
PANDE
GAYATRI DEVI
BHARATI KUMARI
PANDEY
SUNITA DEVI
CPM
BJP
N
N
9317
48062
4.22
21.78
7.27
37.52
FD
W
128102
128102
IND
IND
Z
Z
504
657
0.23
0.30
0.39
0.51
FD
FD
128102
128102
IND
4474
2.03
3.49
FD
128102
PRATIBHA DEVI
INC
5889
2.44
4.73
FD
124616
137
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
210
11
Rajpur (SC)
3
Ramgarh
14
3
KAMALA DEVI
IND
1150
0.48
0.92
FD
124616
MANJU KUMARI
INC
5614
2.21
4.07
FD
137845
IND
BSP
Z
N
3915
17334
1.92
8.49
3.18
14.07
FD
FD
123218
123218
CPI(ML)(L)
2848
1.42
2.55
FD
111809
RASED
IND
BSP
U
Z
N
518
871
12133
0.25
0.42
5.87
0.43
0.73
10.19
FD
FD
FD
119097
119097
119097
IND
ABDBM
Z
U
193
732
0.08
0.31
0.14
0.52
FD
FD
142032
142032
IJP
AIBJRBSNC
U
U
1014
1262
0.43
0.53
0.80
1.00
FD
FD
126797
126797
JYOTI RASHMI
RSWD
870
0.32
0.60
FD
144512
SITA SUNDARI DEVI
RJD
30566
12.86
25.41
120273
MALTI GUPTA
DR. PRABHAWATI
DEVI
Mohania (SC)
7
TETARI DEVI
Bhabua
11
MAMTA DEVI
18
DULARI DEVI
5
VIJAYA LAXMI DEVI
Chainpur
18
DHUNIA DEVI
15
SUMAN DEVI
Chenari (SC)
5
BABY DEVI
8
MALATI DEVI
Sasaram
8
Dinara
6
138
Sl No.
211
212
213
215
216
218
219
221
Name of
candidate
10
PUSHPA SINHA
3
SHEELA SINGH
5
SARITA SINGH
Nokha
2
KANTI SINGH
6
USHA DEVI
Dehri
13
JYOTI RASHMI
Karakat
2
PRAMILA SINGH
Kurtha
5
SUCHITRA SINHA
Jahanabad
5
ANJU MISHRA
Makhdumpur (SC)
7
KUSUM DEVI
Goh
3
NIRMALA DEVI
KUMARI
8
ANUPAM SINHA
Nabinagar
ARCHANA
1
CHANDRA
Party
Party
Votes
Type
Secured
% of votes secured
over
over total
total
elector
votes
s
polled
0.34
0.68
4.25
8.40
0.63
1.24
VIP
INC
NCP
U
N
N
813
10098
1495
RJD
SP
S
U
27297
702
11.84
0.30
IND
43634
INC
INC
Stat
us
Total
Valid
votes
FD
FD
FD
120273
120273
120273
23.39
0.60
L
FD
116704
116704
18.82
35.29
123647
2206
0.84
1.73
FD
127784
2297
1.20
2.50
FD
91877
LS
759
0.34
0.69
FD
110612
SP
524
0.29
0.58
FD
90185
NCP
777
0.34
0.65
FD
120065
JMBP
1508
0.66
1.26
FD
120065
BSP
11850
5.77
11.64
FD
101815
139
222
224
226
228
230
231
233
Kutumba (SC)
MANORAMA
1
DEVI
Rafiganj
2
MADHWI SINGH
Sherghati
19
SUSHAMA DEVI
17
SUNITA DEVI
Barachatti (SC)
1
JYOTI DEVI
NEELAM
2
PASWAN
4
SAMTA DEVI
9
SABO DEVI
11
RENUKA DEVI
Gaya town
20
SUMAN SINGH
Tikari
6
RITA DEVI
Atri
3
KUNTI DEVI
8
SUNAINA DEVI
10
GITA DEVI
BSP
3535
1.81
3.78
FD
93460
INC
6273
2.54
5.32
FD
117986
IND
IND
Z
Z
18944
1904
9.45
0.95
17.59
1.77
L
FD
107696
107696
JD(U)
57550
25.64
50.18
114697
BSP
2599
1.16
2.27
FD
114697
RJD
JD(S)
IND
S
U
Z
33804
1367
1294
15.06
0.61
0.58
29.47
1.19
1.13
L
FD
FD
114697
114697
114697
IND
272
0.13
0.26
FD
103153
CPI(ML)(L)
1859
0.76
1.41
FD
131910
RJD
RWS
IND
S
U
Z
35023
1368
1222
13.91
0.54
0.49
29.93
1.17
1.04
L
FD
FD
117023
117023
117023
234 Wazirganj
140
Name of
Sl No.
candidate
7
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
Rajauli
LALITA DEVI
(SC)
BASANTI DEVI
SUDAMA DEVI
4
11
Hisua
4
NITU KUMARI
Nawada
1
NIVEDITA SINGH
2
PURNIMA YADAV
12
SAVITRI DEVI
Gobindpur
9
SUSHILA DEVI
Warsaliganj
7
JULEE KUMARI
8
TANUJA KUMARI
2
ARUNA DEVI
Sikandra (SC)
6
KARINA DEVI
Jamui
POONAM
3
KUMARI
Party
Party
Votes
Type
Secured
% of votes secured
over
over total
total
elector
votes
s
polled
0.48
0.90
JD(S)
1093
INC
CPI(ML)(L)
N
U
6299
1460
2.67
0.62
INC
20820
INC
JD(U)
CPI(ML)(L)
N
S
U
JMM
Stat
us
Total
Valid
votes
FD
122073
5.83
1.35
FD
FD
108127
108127
7.68
16.73
124430
16018
46568
1123
6.09
17.69
0.43
13.46
39.13
0.94
FD
W
FD
119019
119019
119019
715
0.31
0.71
FD
100078
JD(S)
IJK
INC
U
U
N
584
1210
36953
0.22
0.46
14.01
0.48
1.00
30.57
FD
FD
L
120861
120861
120861
SMBHP
2020
0.89
1.95
FD
103824
BSP
1718
0.75
1.41
FD
121783
141
Chapter 14
Assembly wise data of Electorate with Gender Composition
During 2010 Assembly Election
1. Valmiki Nagar
Electors
General
Service
Total
Men
131451
18
131469
Voters
General
Proxy(Already included in
General )
Postal
Total
Women
108944
5
108949
Men
73607
Other
0
0
0
Women
70043
Total
240395
23
240418
Other
0
Total
143650
0
51
143701
142
Polling Percentage - 59.77

-----
2. Ramnagar (SC)
Electors
Men
115799
26
115825
Women
100755
15
100770
Voters
Men
66853
Women
58360
General
Service
Total
General
Proxy (Already included in
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
216554
41
216595
Total
125213
0
44
125257
Polling Percentage -57.83

3. Narkatiaganj
Electors
General
Men
11209
Women
90025
Other
0
Total
199137
143
Service
Total
47
109159
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
28
90053
Men
65554
0
0
Women
52438
75
199212
Other
0
Total
117992
0
290
118282

----4. Bagaha
Electors
Men
125427
54
125481
Women
104645
29
104674
Voters
Men
72396
Women
61378
General
Service
Total
General
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
230072
83
230155
Total
133774
144

General )
Postal
Total
0
172
133946

5. Lauriya
Electors
Men
104207
19
104226
Voters
Men
61292
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Women
86619
10
86629
Women
53161
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
190826
29
190855
Total
114453
0
326
114779

-----
145
6. Nautan
Electors
Men
109485
88
109573
Voters
Men
59628
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Women
90719
35
90754
Women
52234
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
200204
123
200327
Total
111862
0
249
112111

7. Chanpatia
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
Men
107730
112
107842
Men
61231
Women
91055
54
1109
Women
49429
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
198785
166
198951
Total
110660
146

General )
Postal
Total
0
298
110958

----8. Bettiah
Electors
Men
104832
129
104961
Voters
Men
57256
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Women
87131
53
87184
Women
48484
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
191963
182
192145
Total
105740
0
434
106174

-----
147
9. Sikta
Electors
Men
107217
27
107244
Voters
Men
64791
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Women
92241
12
92253
Women
59960
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
199458
39
199497
Total
124751
0
202
124953
10. Raxaul
Electors
General
Service
Total
Men
113409
5
113414
Women
96706
0
96706
Other
0
0
0
Total
115210
5
210120
148
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
66318
Women
47137
Other
0
Total
113455
0
0
113455

----11. Sugauli
Electors
Men
110036
47
110083
Women
94825
20
94845
Other
0
0
0
Total
204861
67
204928
Voters
Men
11536
Women
52214
Other
0
Total
113367
General
Service
Total
General
Proxy (Already included
in General )
Postal
0
0
149
Total
113367

----12. Narkatia
Electors
Men
110291
30
110321
Voters
Men
63689
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Women
94060
17
94077
Women
55378
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
204351
47
204398
Total
119067
0
0
119067
13. Harsidhi (SC)
150
Electors
Men
99484
23
99507
Women
87564
18
87582
Other
0
0
0
Total
187048
41
187089
Voters
Men
55963
Women
46731
Other
0
Total
102694
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
0
0
102694

----14. Govindganj
Electors
Men
103451
3
103454
Voters
Men
General
Service
Total
Women
85579
0
85579
Women
Other
0
0
0
Other
Total
189030
3
189033
Total
151
General
General )
Postal
Total
51430
45970
97400
0
0
97400

-----
15. Kesaria
Electors
Men
101292
22
101314
Voters
Men
48204
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Women
84757
6
84763
Women
46275
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
186049
28
186077
Total
94479
0
152
Postal
Total
3
94482

-----
16. Kalyanpur
Electors
Men
95172
25
95197
Women
82138
4
82142
Other
0
0
0
Total
177310
29
177339
Voters
Men
50005
Women
46873
Other
0
Total
96878
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
0
2
96880

-----
153
17. Pipra
Electors
Men
129050
45
129095
Voters
Men
65066
General
Service
Total
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Women
108630
14
108644
Women
57296
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
237680
59
237739
Total
122362
0
2
122364
18. Madhuban
154
Electors
Men
97012
9
97021
Women
81699
5
81704
Other
0
0
0
Total
11787
14
178725
Voters
Men
51224
Women
51446
Other
0
Total
102670
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
0
0
102670

-----
155
19. Motihari
Electors
Men
119682
43
119725
Voters
Men
67004
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Women
99310
27
99337
Women
55093
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
218992
70
219062
Total
122097
0
2
122099

----20. Chiraia
Electors
General
Service
Total
Men
116257
58
116315
Women
99087
32
11999
Other
0
0
0
Total
215344
90
215434
156
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
58297
Women
53636
Other
0
Total
111933
0
3
111936

----21. Dhaka
Electors
Men
122642
26
122668
Women
108548
12
108560
Voters
Men
63667
Women
62963
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
119023
38
231228
Total
126630
0
77
126707
157

22. Sheohar
Electors
Men
124356
96
124452
Women
106332
52
106384
Voters
Men
60255
Women
59644
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
230688
148
230836
Total
119899
0
74
119973

----23. Riga
Electors
General
Service
Men
122643
100
Women
107185
50
Other
0
0
Total
229828
150
158
Total
122743
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Men
11632
107235
Women
58798
Other
0
229978
Total
122009
0
15
122024

----24. Bathnaha (SC)
Electors
Men
124581
284
124865
Women
110176
122
110298
Voters
Men
57948
Women
53768
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
234757
406
235163
Total
111716
0
159
Postal
Total
15
111731

-----
25. Parihar
Electors
Men
120699
250
120949
Women
107960
43
108003
Voters
Men
55564
Women
59823
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
228659
293
228952
Total
115387
0
95
115482

-----
160
26. Sursand
Electors
Men
122486
151
122637
Women
109251
72
109323
Voters
Men
55867
Women
60608
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
231737
223
231960
Total
116475
0
0
116475

-----
161
27. Bajpatti
Electors
Men
129822
136
129958
Women
112879
60
112939
Voters
Men
54648
Women
61470
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
242701
196
242897
Total
116118
0
0
116118

----28. Sitamarhi
Electors
General
Service
Total
Men
118612
94
121280
Women
102789
40
102829
Other
0
0
0
Total
223975
134
224109
162
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
64016
Women
54522
Other
0
Total
118538
0
78
118616

-----
29. Runisaidpur
Electors
General
Service
Total
Men
115330
159
115489
Women
100597
89
100686
Other
0
0
0
Total
215927
248
216175
163
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
53606
Women
55335
Other
0
Total
108941
0
37
108978

----30. Belsand
Electors
Men
105652
105
105757
Voters
Men
48130
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Women
92618
54
92672
Women
50152
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
198270
159
198429
Total
98282
0
109
98391
164
-----
Electors
Men
117144
39
117183
31. Harlakhi
Women
101785
15
101800
Voters
Men
53051
Women
59226
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
218929
54
218983
Total
112277
0
8
112285

----32. Benipatti
Electors
General
Service
Men
127546
101
Women
106262
48
Other
0
0
Total
233808
149
165
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
127647
106310
Men
47893
Women
49772
233957
Other
0
Total
97665
0
6
97671

-----
33.Khajauli
166
Electors
Men
125797
79
125876
Women
107939
37
107976
Voters
Men
62077
Women
62066
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
233736
116
233852
Total
124143
0
2
124145

----34. Babubarhi
Electors
Men
125384
34
125418
Women
109787
14
109801
Voters
Men
62445
Women
65293
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
235171
48
235219
Total
127738
0
167
Postal
Total
20
127758

-----
35. Bisfi
Electors
Men
11933
61
133180
Voters
Men
55255
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Women
110339
41
110380
Women
59850
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
243458
102
243560
Total
115105
0
1
115106

----36. Madhubani
168
Electors
Men
145321
124
145445
Women
120537
60
120597
Voters
Men
62810
Women
58262
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
265858
184
266042
Total
121072
0
11
121083

-----
37. Rajnagar (SC)

Electors
Men
130849
62
11309
Voters
Men
54494
General
Service
Total
General
Women
110789
35
110824
Women
52259
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
241638
97
241735
Total
106753
169

General )
Postal
Total
0
3
106756

----38. Jhanjharpur
Electors
Men
130035
52
130087
Women
114991
22
115013
Voters
Men
56743
Women
60551
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
245026
74
245100
Total
117294
0
11
117305

-----
170
39. Phulparas
Electors
Men
140663
53
140716
Women
120649
30
120679
Voters
Men
59920
Women
66853
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
261312
83
261395
Total
126773
0
5
126778

----40. Laukaha
Electors
Men
137569
23
137592
Women
123077
6
123083
Voters
Men
64705
Women
72685
General
Service
Total
General
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
260646
29
260675
Total
137390
171

General )
Postal
Total
0
0
137390

-----
41. Nirmali
Electors
Men
114653
13
114666
Women
103777
4
103781
Voters
Men
62619
Women
67830
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
218430
17
218447
Total
130449
0
38
130487

-----
172
42. Pipra
Electors
Men
110716
37
110753
Women
100685
18
100703
Voters
Men
61396
Women
63834
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
114012
55
114562
Total
125230
0
23
125253

-----
43.Supaul
173
Electors
Men
114990
96
115086
Women
104245
38
104283
Voters
Men
55928
Women
65403
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
219235
134
219369
Total
121331
0
46
121377
44.Tribeniganj (SC)
Electors
Men
110377
30
110407
Voters
Men
64503
General
Service
Total
General
Women
98510
14
98524
Women
65660
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
208887
44
208931
Total
130163
174

General )
Postal
Total
0
10
130173
45.Chhatapur
Electors
Men
112793
21
112814
Voters
Men
68665
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Women
99396
6
99402
Women
68054
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
212189
27
212216
Total
136719
0
1
136720

----46.Narpatganj
175
Electors
Men
126348
40
126388
Women
111507
20
111527
Voters
Men
75528
Women
73555
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
237855
60
237915
Total
149083
0
10
149093

-----
47.Raniganj (SC)
176
Electors
Men
120264
21
120285
Women
109354
10
109364
Voters
Men
65050
Women
66134
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
229618
31
229649
Total
118413
0
8
119213

----48.Forbesganj
Electors
Men
128101
32
128133
Women
113524
20
113544
Voters
Men
74104
Women
69858
General
Service
Total
General
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
241625
52
241677
Total
143962
177

General )
Postal
Total
0
3
143965
49.Araria
Electors
Men
115224
22
115246
Voters
Men
66410
General
Service
Total
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Women
101397
9
101406
Women
11162
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
216621
31
216652
Total
128521
0
34
128555
50.Jokihat
178
Electors
Men
110459
4
110463
Voters
Men
60989
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Women
99103
1
99104
Women
63614
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
209562
5
209567
Total
124603
0
12
124615

-----
51.Sikti
179
Electors
Men
110313
6
110319
Voters
Men
65801
General
Service
Total
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Women
101521
4
101525
Women
11669
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
118342
10
118442
Total
134917
0
40
134957
-----
52.Bahadurganj
Electors
Men
110340
142
110482
Voters
Men
58482
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Women
97830
2
97832
Women
53931
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
208170
144
208314
Total
112413
0
180
Postal
Total
34
112447
53.Thakurganj
Electors
Men
103854
17
103871
Voters
Men
63272
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Women
92662
8
92670
Women
65240
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
196516
25
196541
Total
128512
0
15
128527
Polling Percentage 65.39

------
181
54.Kishanganj
Electors
Men
111030
9
111039
Women
100806
6
100812
Voters
Men
64727
Women
59106
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
118362
15
118512
Total
123833
0
42
123875
55.Kochadhaman
Electors
General
Men
94428
Women
83077
Other
0
Total
177505
182
Service
Total
1
94429
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
53307
1
83078
Women
50043
0
0
2
177507
Other
0
Total
103350
0
214
103564

------
56.Amour
Electors
Men
118629
0
118629
Women
103383
0
103383
Voters
Men
60725
Women
63852
General
Service
Total
General
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
222012
0
222012
Total
124577
183

General )
Postal
Total
0
124
124701
57.Baisi
Electors
Men
100231
1
100232
Voters
Men
59188
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Women
90367
0
90367
Women
63202
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
190598
1
190599
Total
122390
0
216
122606
184
------
58.Kasba
Electors
Men
104159
7
104166
Voters
Men
68732
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Women
94689
0
94689
Women
65080
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
198848
7
198855
Total
133812
0
89
133901

------
185
59.Banmankhi (SC)
Electors
Men
122239
41
122280
Women
110115
18
110133
Voters
Men
63193
Women
63147
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
232354
59
232413
Total
126340
0
187
126527

-----60.Rupauli
Electors
General
Service
Men
125125
41
Women
112896
14
Other
0
0
Total
238021
55
186
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
125166
112910
238076
Men
70710
Women
68475
Other
0
Total
139185
0
125
139310
61.Dhamdaha
Electors
Men
123772
45
123817
Women
112736
16
112752
Voters
Men
75748
Women
70276
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
236508
61
236569
Total
146024
0
94
187
Total
11846

-----62.Purnia
Electors
Men
116880
31
116911
Voters
Men
73738
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Women
99740
5
99745
Women
58037
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
216620
36
216656
Total
131775
0
72
131847

------
188
63.Katihar
Electors
Men
112263
204
112467
Voters
Men
69492
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Women
95794
55
95849
Women
55696
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
208057
259
208316
Total
125188
0
152
125340
64.Kadwa
Electors
General
Service
Men
106476
43
Women
94351
17
Other
0
0
Total
200827
60
189
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
106519
94368
Men
59415
Women
60496
200887
Other
0
Total
119911
0
59
119970

------
65.Balrampur
Electors
Men
123196
18
123214
Women
109550
10
109560
Voters
Men
72464
Women
74765
General
Service
Total
General
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
232746
28
232774
Total
147229
190

General )
Postal
Total
0
43
147272

66.Pranpur
Electors
Men
115134
30
115164
Women
102378
0
102378
Voters
Men
68701
Women
69499
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
217512
30
217542
Total
138200
0
26
138226
67.Manihari (ST)
191
Electors
Men
111601
277
111878
Voters
Men
67343
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Women
98535
60
98595
Women
58761
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
210136
337
210473
Total
126104
0
36
126140

-----68.Barari
Electors
General
Service
Total
Men
109633
107
109740
Women
97468
31
97499
Other
0
0
0
Total
207101
138
207239
192
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Men
72141
Women
64575
Other
0
Total
136716
0
78
136794

------
69.Korha (SC)
Electors
Men
105694
90
105784
Voters
Men
69033
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Women
96579
25
96604
Women
59371
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
202273
115
202388
Total
128404
0
43
128447
193

70.Alamnagar
Electors
Men
139830
95
139925
Women
123313
38
123351
Voters
Men
75918
Women
78189
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
263143
133
263276
Total
154107
0
4
11154

------
194
71.Bihariganj
Electors
Men
132274
91
132365
Women
119077
34
119111
Voters
Men
74032
Women
78584
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
251351
125
251476
Total
152616
0
4
152620

------
72.Singheshwar (SC)
Electors
General
Service
Total
Men
129751
54
129805
Women
115648
26
115674
Other
0
0
0
Total
245399
80
245479
195
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
72617
Women
72679
Other
0
Total
145296
0
1
145297

------
73.Madhepura
Electors
General
Service
Total
Men
137413
170
137583
Women
120514
76
120590
Other
0
0
0
Total
257927
246
258173
196
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
78748
Women
74517
Other
0
Total
153265
0
9
153274

------
74.Sonbarsa (SC)
Electors
Men
120498
65
120563
Women
108696
5
108701
Voters
Men
59603
Women
59928
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
229194
70
229264
Total
119531
0
168
119699
197
75.Saharsa
Electors
Men
151690
204
151894
Women
133040
5
133045
Voters
Men
80608
Women
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
11317
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
284730
209
284939
Total
151739
0
230
151969

------
76.Simribakhtiarpur
198
Electors
Men
129854
78
129932
Women
114863
31
114894
Voters
Men
66094
Women
65466
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
244717
109
244826
Total
131560
0
133
131693

------
77.Mahishi
Electors
General
Men
115736
Women
106876
Other
0
Total
222612
199
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
152
115888
5
106881
0
0
157
222769
Men
56946
Women
60308
Other
0
Total
117254
0
122
117376

------
78.Kusheshwarasthan (SC)
Electors
Men
General
Service
Total
105792
13
105805
Voters
General
Men
40029
Women
92628
6
92634
Women
50445
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
198420
19
198439
Total
90474
200

General )
Postal
Total
0
1
90475

------
79.Gora bauram
Electors
Men
104584
13
104597
Voters
Men
40237
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Women
90841
2
90843
Women
50235
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
195425
15
195440
Total
90472
0
201
Postal
Total
8
90480

------
80.Benipur
Electors
Men
120420
40
120460
Women
106170
83
106253
Voters
Men
51755
Women
55416
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
226590
123
226713
Total
107171
0
7
107178

------
202
81.Alinagar
Electors
Men
114445
32
114477
Women
100800
16
100816
Voters
Men
45863
Women
56025
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
215245
48
215293
Total
101888
0
0
101888
82.Darbhanga Rural
Electors
General
Men
120920
Women
102278
Other
0
Total
223198
203
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
71
120991
44
102322
0
0
115
223313
Men
49367
Women
52378
Other
0
Total
101745
0
0
101745
83.Darbhanga
Electors
Men
125398
52
125450
Women
101995
29
102024
Voters
Men
64225
Women
54366
General
Service
Total
General
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
227393
81
227474
Total
118591
204

General )
Postal
Total
0
9
118600

84.Hayaghat
Electors
Men
99144
61
99205
Voters
Men
43543
General
Service
Total
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Women
84717
41
84758
Women
47387
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
183861
102
183963
Total
90930
0
7
90937
205
85.Bahadurpur
Electors
Men
123160
75
123235
Women
103626
41
103667
Voters
Men
58623
Women
56887
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
226786
116
226902
Total
115510
0
8
115518

------
86.Keoti
206
Electors
Men
126270
119
126389
Women
106167
65
106232
Voters
Men
50640
Women
58099
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
232437
184
232621
Total
108739
0
6
108745
87.Jale
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
Men
130924
69
130993
Men
Women
110985
45
111030
Women
Other
0
0
0
Other
Total
114
242023
Total
207
General
General )
Postal
Total
50942
57051
107993
0
1
107994

------
88.Gaighat
Electors
Men
122483
248
122731
Women
108031
116
108147
Voters
Men
64281
Women
65328
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
230514
364
230878
Total
129609
0
151
129760
208
89.Aurai
Electors
Men
117271
153
117424
Women
101528
60
101588
Voters
Men
55922
Women
60676
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
218799
213
219012
Total
116598
0
70
116668
209
90.Minapur
Electors
Men
108632
150
108782
Voters
Men
63589
General
Service
Total
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Women
94156
65
94221
Women
60315
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
202788
215
203003
Total
123904
0
272
124176
91.Bochaha (SC)
Electors
General
Service
Men
107453
98
Women
92712
45
Other
0
0
Total
200165
143
210
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
107551
92757
Men
64629
Women
57710
200308
Other
0
Total
122339
0
170
122509
92.Sakra (SC)
Electors
Men
102089
364
102453
Voters
Men
57449
General
Service
Total
General
Women
91567
174
91741
Women
58000
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
193656
538
194194
Total
115449
211

General )
Postal
Total
0
182
115631
93.Kurhani
Electors
Men
113616
447
114063
Voters
Men
66530
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Women
99101
253
99354
Women
63156
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
212717
700
213417
Total
129686
0
279
129965
212

94.Muzaffarpur
Electors
Men
131954
313
132267
Women
102446
142
102588
Voters
Men
69238
Women
52142
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
234400
455
234855
Total
121380
0
425
121805
95.Kanti
Electors
General
Service
Men
110293
260
Women
94967
140
Other
0
0
Total
205260
400
213
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
110553
95107
Men
65480
Women
59071
205660
Other
0
Total
124551
0
163
124714

------
96.Baruraj
Electors
Men
108957
187
109144
Voters
Men
55991
General
Service
Total
General
Women
95350
93
95443
Women
56479
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
204307
280
204587
Total
112470
214

General )
Postal
Total
0
169
112639
97.Paroo
Electors
Men
118102
452
118554
Women
104976
281
105257
Voters
Men
60296
Women
63740
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
223078
733
223811
Total
124036
0
143
124179
215
98.Sahebganj
Electors
Men
113710
158
113868
Women
100221
87
100308
Voters
Men
57542
Women
63351
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
213931
245
214176
Total
120893
0
119
121012
99.Baikunthpur
Electors
General
Service
Total
Men
125350
138
125488
Women
108029
71
108100
Other
0
0
0
Total
233379
209
233588
216
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
59237
Women
66046
Other
0
Total
125283
0
62
125345

------
100.Barauli
Electors
Men
106366
73
106439
Voters
Men
54919
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Women
95103
31
95134
Women
59918
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
201469
104
201573
Total
114837
0
217
Postal
Total
99
114936

------
101.Gopalganj
Electors
Men
131512
70
131582
Women
109860
39
109899
Voters
Men
64419
Women
62960
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
241372
109
241481
Total
127379
0
133
127512
218

-----102.Kuchaikote
Electors
Men
122952
88
123040
Women
107851
58
107909
Voters
Men
61926
Women
64652
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
230803
146
230949
Total
126578
0
66
126644

------
219
103.Bhorey (SC)
Electors
Men
133149
128
133277
Women
116765
85
116850
Voters
Men
60102
Women
59652
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
249914
213
250127
Total
119754
0
43
119797

------
104.Hathua
220
Electors
Men
118591
96
118687
Women
103744
48
103792
Voters
Men
59465
Women
60091
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
222335
144
222479
Total
119556
0
53
119609

------
105.Siwan
Electors
General
Men
124885
Women
102259
Other
0
Total
227144
221
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
58
124943
38
102297
0
0
96
227240
Men
60614
Women
56088
Other
0
Total
116702
0
124
116826

-----106.Ziradei
Electors
Men
108274
104
108378
Voters
Men
52829
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Women
90217
60
90277
Women
55180
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
198491
164
198655
Total
108009
0
222
Postal
Total
45
108054
107.Darauli (SC)
Electors
Men
125135
226
125361
Women
107901
120
108021
Voters
Men
57235
Women
59705
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
233036
346
233382
Total
116940
0
94
117034

------
223
108.Raghunathpur
Electors
Men
112063
141
112204
Voters
Men
51088
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Women
96537
89
96626
Women
52381
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
208600
230
208830
Total
103469
0
28
103497

------
224
109.Daraundha
Electors
Men
117443
160
117603
Women
105550
87
105637
Voters
Men
53802
Women
57057
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
222993
247
223240
Total
110859
0
10
110869

-----110.Barharia
Electors
General
Service
Total
Men
118302
61
118363
Women
101365
38
101403
Other
0
0
0
Total
219667
99
219766
225
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
56519
Women
58519
Other
0
Total
115038
0
83
115121

------
111.Goriyakothi
Electors
General
Service
Total
Men
126733
106
126839
Women
111391
60
111451
Other
0
0
0
Total
238124
166
238290
226
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
58476
Women
66377
Other
0
Total
124853
0
52
124905

-----112.Maharajganj
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
114683
152
114835
Men
52710
Women
102031
82
102113
Women
58334
Other
114683
152
114835
Total
216714
234
216948
Other
0
Total
111044
0
35
111079
227

------
113.Ekma
Electors
Men
112739
302
113041
Women
101013
174
101187
Voters
Men
50887
Women
51752
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
213752
476
214228
Total
102639
0
342
102981
228
------
114.Manjhi
Electors
Men
114243
440
114683
Women
101324
235
101559
Voters
Men
52218
Women
54202
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
215567
675
216242
Total
106420
0
393
106813

------
229
115.Baniapur
Electors
Men
124959
276
125235
Women
107828
136
107964
Voters
Men
54598
Women
57093
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
232787
412
233199
Total
111691
0
500
112191

------
116.Taraiya
Electors
General
Men
113034
Women
100470
Other
0
Total
213504
230
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
198
113232
103
100573
0
0
301
213805
Men
47398
Women
52513
Other
0
Total
99911
0
291
100202

------
117.Marhaura
Electors
General
Service
Total
Men
99298
166
99464
Women
87600
114
87714
Other
0
0
0
Total
186898
280
187178
231
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
48828
Women
50156
Other
0
Total
98984
0
390
99374

------
118.Chapra
Electors
Men
141705
273
141978
Women
112699
113
112812
Voters
Men
63945
Women
49840
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
254404
386
254790
Total
113785
0
641
232
Total
114426

------
119.Garkha (SC)
Electors
Men
114380
180
114560
Voters
Men
54049
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Women
97515
134
97649
Women
49139
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
211895
314
212209
Total
103188
0
448
103636
233

-----120.Amnour
Electors
Men
104265
174
104439
Voters
Men
47520
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Women
88483
0
88483
Women
48888
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
192748
174
192922
Total
96408
0
218
96626

------
234
121.Parsa
Electors
Men
106392
117
106509
Voters
Men
50145
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Women
89366
92
89458
Women
50537
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
195758
209
195967
Total
100682
0
481
116310

------
122.Sonepur
Electors
Men
Women
Other
Total
235
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
122501
347
122848
100685
222
100907
0
0
0
223186
569
223755
Men
65138
Women
54864
Other
0
Total
120002
0
397
120399

------
123.Hajipur
Electors
General
Men
128899
Women
105981
Other
0
Total
234880
236
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
145
129044
76
106057
0
0
221
235101
Men
71876
Women
60728
Other
0
Total
132604
0
833
133437

------
124.Lalganj
Electors
Men
138072
171
138243
Women
116458
99
116557
Voters
Men
71514
Women
70582
General
Service
Total
General
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
254530
270
254800
Total
142096
237

General )
Postal
Total
0
582
142678

------
125.Vaishali
Electors
Men
132187
90
132277
Women
112333
50
112383
Voters
Men
65699
Women
68593
General
Service
Total
General
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
244520
140
244660
Total
134292
238

General )
Postal
Total
0
694
134986

------
Electors
Men
112644
87
112731
Voters
Men
56709
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
126.Mahua
Women
95225
71
95296
Women
58605
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
207869
158
208027
Total
115314
0
594
115908

------
239
Electors
Men
110529
171
110700
Voters
Men
51084
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
127.Raja pakar (SC)

Women
91618
90
91708
Women
51287
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
202147
261
202408
Total
102371
0
589
102960

-----128.Raghopur
240
Electors
Men
144494
255
144749
Women
117910
165
118075
Voters
Men
62610
Women
70490
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
262404
420
262824
Total
133100
0
556
133656

------
241
Electors
Men
121704
208
121912
Voters
Men
58072
General
Service
Total
General
General )
Postal
Total
129.Manhar
Women
101151
94
101245
Women
60443
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
222855
302
223157
Total
118515
0
459
118974

------
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
Men
121045
61
110612
Men
55323
130.Patepur (SC)
Women
101756
39
101795
Women
59137
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
222801
100
222901
Total
114460
242

General )
Postal
Total
0
453
114913

------
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
Men
133569
218
133787
Men
131.Kalyanpur (SC)
Women
117270
137
117407
Women
Other
0
0
0
Other
Total
250839
355
251194
Total
243
General
General )
Postal
Total
66554
62396
128950
0
11
128961

------
132.Warisnagar
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
129600
107
129707
Men
68170
Women
114241
70
114311
Women
68004
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
243841
177
244018
Total
136174
0
4
136178
244
------
133.Samastipur
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
114411
156
114567
Men
62541
Women
97016
70
97086
Women
54253
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
211427
226
211653
Total
116794
0
15
116809
245

------
134.Ujiarpur
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
120233
164
120397
Men
67621
Women
106477
92
106569
Women
63163
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
226710
256
226966
Total
130784
0
18
130802

------
246
135.Morwa
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
105930
230
106160
Men
52716
Women
92315
85
92400
Women
52246
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
198245
315
198560
Total
104962
0
26
104988

------
136.Sarairanjan
247
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
115980
300
116280
Men
59289
Women
101245
138
101383
Women
59415
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
217225
438
217663
Total
118704
0
7
118711

------
137.Mohiuddinnagar
Electors
General
Men
106970
Women
91991
Other
0
Total
198961
248
Service
Total
228
107198
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
51813
67
92058
Women
53165
0
0
Other
0
295
199256
Total
104978
0
130
105108

------
138.Bibhutpur
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
Men
109435
133
109568
Men
59042
Women
97137
91
97228
Women
62260
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
206572
224
206796
Total
121302
249

General )
Postal
Total
0
29
121331

------
139.Rosera (SC)
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Men
131423
81
131504
Men
61284
Women
117327
54
117381
Women
66618
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
248750
135
248885
Total
127902
0
250
Postal
Total
6
127908

------
140.Hasanpur
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
118488
95
118583
Men
54835
Women
104850
53
104903
Women
61854
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
223338
148
223486
Total
116689
0
15
116704

------
251
141.Cheriabariarpur
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
106779
72
106851
Men
53036
Women
95697
17
95714
Women
60815
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
202476
89
202565
Total
113851
0
353
114204

------
252
142.Bachhwara
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
119457
89
119546
Men
61521
Women
106062
58
106120
Women
68065
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
225519
147
225666
Total
129586
0
356
129942

------
143.Teghra
253
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
119967
89
120056
Men
63123
Women
102332
43
102375
Women
59937
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
222299
132
222431
Total
123060
0
281
123341

------
144.Matihani
Electors
General
Service
Total
Men
139806
231
140037
Women
118633
68
118701
Other
0
0
0
Total
258439
299
258738
254
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
77483
Women
71575
Other
0
Total
149058
0
325
149383

------
145.Sahebpurkamal
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
Men
103929
191
104120
Men
53920
Women
89674
74
89748
Women
53871
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
193603
265
193868
Total
107791
255

General )
Postal
Total
0
205
107996

------
146.Begusarai
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
131573
122
131695
Men
65235
Women
112245
58
112303
Women
63502
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
243818
180
243998
Total
128737
0
333
129070
256

------
147.Bakhri(SC)
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
111903
331
112234
Men
55017
Women
100721
3
100724
Women
63414
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
212624
334
212958
Total
118431
0
198
118629
257
------
148.Alauli (SC)
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
103020
107
103127
Men
49239
Women
91942
56
91998
Women
58938
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
194962
163
195125
Total
108177
0
190
108367

------
258
149.Khagaria
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
107541
202
107743
Men
59327
Women
91022
88
91110
Women
54149
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
198563
290
198853
Total
113476
0
355
113831

------
150.Beldaur
Electors
General
Service
Men
124052
107
Women
110603
54
Other
0
0
Total
234655
161
259
Total
124159
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
65990
110657
Women
66851
Other
0
234816
Total
132841
0
105
132946

------
151.Parbatta
Electors
General
Service
Total
Men
127848
526
128374
Women
110456
177
110633
Other
0
0
0
Total
238304
703
239007
260
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
72769
Women
68180
Other
0
Total
140949
0
577
141526

------
152.Bihpur
Electors
Men
112586
494
113080
Voters
Men
General
Service
Total
Women
95046
252
95298
Women
Other
0
0
0
Other
Total
207632
746
208378
Total
261
General
in General )
Postal
Total
62113
54271
116384
0
602
116986

------
153.Gopalpur
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Men
110111
497
110608
Men
61850
Women
93538
228
93766
Women
52398
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
203649
725
204374
Total
114248
0
370
262
Total
114618

------
154.Pirpainti (SC)
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
144161
385
144546
Men
71919
Women
121939
189
122128
Women
56910
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
266100
574
266674
Total
128829
0
260
129089
263
-----155.Kahalgaon
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
138736
67
138803
Men
71849
Women
119271
32
119303
Women
60037
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
258007
99
258106
Total
131886
0
400
132286

------
156.Bhagalpur
264
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
148665
135
148800
Men
68168
Women
123413
62
123475
Women
47789
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
272078
197
272275
Total
115957
0
1046
117003

------
157.Sultanganj
Electors
General
Service
Total
Men
142064
341
142405
Women
121009
130
121139
Other
0
0
0
Total
263073
471
263544
265
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
66204
Women
56891
Other
0
Total
123095
0
466
123561

------
158.Nathnagar
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
Men
132079
268
132347
Men
67955
Women
110555
117
110672
Women
53635
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
242634
385
243019
Total
121590
266

General )
Postal
Total
0
667
122257

------
159.Amarpur
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Men
126536
275
11268
Men
62356
Women
106568
116
106684
Women
53602
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
233104
391
233495
Total
115958
0
267
Postal
Total
34
115992

------
160.Dhuraiya (SC)
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
116012
102
121262
Men
59810
Women
104733
40
104773
Women
52932
Other
0
0
0
Total
225893
142
226035
Other
0
Total
112742
0
17
112759
268
------
161.Banka
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
109552
118
109670
Men
56151
Women
94379
48
94427
Women
50489
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
203931
166
204097
Total
106640
0
62
106702

------
269
162.Katoria (ST)
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
99133
23
99156
Men
45644
Women
86989
8
86997
Women
39534
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
186122
31
186153
Total
85178
0
12
85190

-----163.Belhar
Electors
General
Men
132387
Women
115188
Other
0
Total
247575
270
Service
Total
70
132457
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
61755
36
115224
Women
58575
0
0
Other
0
106
247681
Total
120330
0
16
120346

------
164.Tarapur
Electors
General
Service
Total
Men
136546
186
136732
Women
114782
82
114864
Other
0
0
0
Total
251328
268
251596
271
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Men
63709
Women
55410
Other
0
Total
119119
0
14
119133

------
165.Munger
Electors
Men
147694
520
148214
Voters
Men
General
Service
Total
Women
120399
237
120636
Women
Other
0
0
0
Other
Total
268093
757
268850
Total
272
General
General )
Postal
Total
75470
54160
129630
0
19
129649

------
166.Jamalpur
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Men
141005
416
141421
Men
64133
Women
114195
199
114394
Women
50608
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
255200
615
255815
Total
114741
0
273
Postal
Total
6
114747

------
167.Suryagarha
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
147734
391
148125
Men
69205
Women
123888
183
124071
Women
59232
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
271622
574
272196
Total
128437
0
48
128485

------
274
168.Lakhisarai
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
158571
146
158717
Men
78898
Women
136232
85
136317
Women
66345
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
294803
231
295034
Total
145243
0
88
145331

------
169.Sheikhpura
275
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Men
107722
67
107789
Men
55113
Women
93480
29
93509
Women
48074
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
201202
96
201298
Total
103187
0
0
103187

------
170.Barbigha
Electors
General
Men
98816
Women
86567
Other
0
Total
185383
276
Service
Total
68
98884
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
49648
36
86603
Women
42761
0
0
Other
0
104
185487
Total
92409
0
5
92414

------
171.Asthawan
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
Men
125192
227
125419
Men
57334
Women
107337
133
107470
Women
49643
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
232529
360
232889
Total
106977
277

General )
Postal
Total
0
4
106981

------
172.Biharsharif
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
169464
173
169637
Men
81859
Women
143354
95
143449
Women
68328
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
312818
268
313086
Total
150187
0
19
150206
278

------
173.Rajgir (SC)
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
121221
264
121485
Men
45172
Women
107279
136
107415
Women
56628
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
228500
400
228900
Total
101800
0
3
101803

------
279
174.Islampur
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
126935
189
127124
Men
61322
Women
110374
97
110471
Women
53085
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
237309
286
237595
Total
114407
0
1
114408

------
280
175.Hilsa
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
128195
89
128284
Men
67036
Women
112201
40
112241
Women
59007
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
240396
129
240525
Total
126043
0
0
126043

------
176.Nalanda
Electors
General
Men
126714
Women
110328
Other
0
Total
237042
281
Service
Total
112
126925
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
65653
106
110434
Women
55245
0
0
Other
0
317
237359
Total
120898
0
6
120904

------
177.Harnaut
Electors
General
Service
Total
Men
129825
180
130005
Women
111920
86
112006
Other
0
0
0
Total
241745
266
242011
282
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
65358
Women
54745
Other
0
Total
120103
0
0
120103

------
178.Mokama
Electors
Men
116606
207
116813
Voters
Men
General
Service
Total
Women
97217
122
97339
Women
Other
0
0
0
Other
Total
213823
329
214152
Total
283
General
General )
Postal
Total
63839
53132
116971
0
4
116975

------
179.Barh
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
117352
353
117705
Men
62930
Women
98436
141
98577
Women
50081
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
215788
494
216282
Total
113011
0
10
113021
284
------
180.Bakhtiarpur
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
109993
204
110197
Men
63534
Women
92414
142
92556
Women
49739
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
202407
346
202753
Total
113273
0
1
113274

------
285
181.Digha
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
192429
93
192522
Men
78346
Women
149328
63
149391
Women
52627
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
341757
156
341913
Total
130973
0
1
130974

----
182.Bankipur
Electors
Men
Women
Other
Total
286
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
167390
180
167570
128113
Men
66938
Women
42370
0
0
0
82
128195
Other
0
295503
262
295765
Total
109308
0
1
109309

----
183.Kumhrarh
Electors
General
Service
Total
Men
172899
124
173023
Women
137090
68
137158
Other
0
0
0
Total
309989
192
310181
287
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
69717
Women
46083
Other
0
Total
115800
0
5
115805

---184.Patna Sahib
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Men
160996
17
161013
Men
83083
Women
131854
8
131862
Women
51218
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
292850
25
292875
Total
134301
0
0
288
Total
134301

----
185.Fatwah
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
107890
91
107981
Men
64578
Women
89930
41
89971
Women
47196
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
197820
132
197952
Total
111774
0
0
111774
289
---186.Danapur
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
141390
393
141783
Men
73758
Women
113413
222
113635
Women
51289
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
254803
615
255418
Total
125047
0
12
125059

----
290
187.Maner
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
127697
478
128175
Men
75554
Women
108890
272
109162
Women
56772
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
236587
750
237337
Total
132326
0
22
132348

---188.Phulwari (SC)
Electors
General
Service
Men
134701
208
Women
112392
119
Other
0
0
Total
247093
327
291
Total
134909
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
78218
112511
Women
57236
Other
0
247420
Total
135454
0
3
135457

----
189.Masaurhi (SC)
Electors
General
Service
Total
Men
145688
247
145935
Women
127538
74
127612
Other
0
0
0
Total
273226
321
273547
292
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
79184
Women
63464
Other
0
Total
142648
0
2
142650

---190.Paliganj
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Men
122842
552
123394
Men
64362
Women
108187
241
108428
Women
51535
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
231029
793
231822
Total
115897
0
3
293
Total
115900

----
191.Bikram
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
132710
433
133143
Men
74801
Women
115642
164
115806
Women
56970
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
248352
597
248949
Total
131771
0
2
131773

----
294
192.Sandesh
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
116519
544
117063
Men
63504
Women
96557
206
96763
Women
49362
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
213076
750
213826
Total
112866
0
11
112877

----
295
193.Barhara
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
130130
444
130574
Men
62929
Women
102200
197
102397
Women
48256
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
232330
641
232971
Total
111185
0
5
111190

---194.Arrah
Electors
General
Service
Total
Men
128850
229
129079
Women
100461
109
100570
Other
0
0
0
Total
229311
338
229649
296
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
67456
Women
45988
Other
0
Total
113444
0
6
113450

----
195.Agiaon (SC)
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
Men
109434
233
109667
Men
53034
Women
90849
111
90960
Women
39331
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
200283
344
200627
Total
92365
297

General )
Postal
Total
0
10
92375

---196.Tarari
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
125472
210
125682
Men
71560
Women
102395
113
102508
Women
56224
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
227867
323
228190
Total
127784
0
2
127786
298
----
197.Jagdishpur
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Men
130812
230
131042
Men
71873
Women
108358
132
108490
Women
58383
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
239170
362
239532
Total
130256
0
5
130261

----
299
198.Shahpur
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
134969
362
135331
Men
63229
Women
103496
205
103701
Women
47965
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
238465
567
239032
Total
111194
0
2
111196

----
199.Barhampur
300
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
140188
1191
141379
Women
121457
653
122110
Men
69890
Women
56042
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
261645
1844
263489
Total
125932
0
55
125987

---200.Buxar
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
Men
118600
605
119205
Men
Women
101134
354
101488
Women
Other
0
0
0
Other
Total
219734
959
220693
Total
301
General
General )
Postal
Total
70025
57773
127798
0
304
128102

----
201.Dumraon
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
Men
129602
916
130518
Men
70295
Women
110614
476
111090
Women
54254
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
240216
1392
241608
Total
124549
302

General )
Postal
Total
0
68
124617

---202.Rajpur (SC)
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
135721
446
136167
Men
76736
Women
118066
272
118338
Women
61055
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
253787
718
254505
Total
137791
0
65
137856
303
----
203.Ramgarh
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
108842
725
109567
Men
66183
Women
94113
436
94549
Women
56876
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
202955
1161
204116
Total
123059
0
160
123219
304
---204.Mohania (SC)
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
107516
272
107788
Men
62416
Women
92030
142
92172
Women
49273
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
199546
414
199960
Total
111689
0
121
111810

----
205.Bhabua
305
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
110187
227
110414
Men
64161
Women
96265
120
96385
Women
54481
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
206452
347
206799
Total
118642
0
464
119106

---206. Chainpur
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
Men
124904
162
125066
Men
Women
110153
85
110238
Women
Other
0
0
0
Other
Total
235057
247
235304
Total
306
General
General )
Postal
Total
76326
65491
141817
0
216
142033

----
207. Chenari (SC)

Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
Men
128223
110
128333
Men
Women
109311
60
109371
Women
Other
0
0
0
Other
Total
237534
170
237704
Total
307
General
General )
Postal
Total
69686
57002
126688
0
132
126820

---208. Sasaram
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
149555
134
149689
Men
82210
Women
125640
50
125690
Women
62059
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
275195
184
275379
Total
144269
0
257
144526
308
----
209. Kargahar
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
139590
64
139654
Men
84982
Women
119075
34
119109
Women
64429
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
258665
98
258763
Total
149411
0
342
149753

----
309
210. Dinara
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
127843
175
128018
Men
69676
Women
109638
104
109742
Women
50532
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
237481
279
237760
Total
120208
0
65
120273

----
211. Nokha
310
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Men
124787
95
124882
Men
67117
Women
105605
51
105656
Women
49488
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
230392
146
230538
Total
116605
0
103
116708

---212. Dehri
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
Men
127250
145
127395
Men
Women
104392
78
104470
Women
Other
0
0
0
Other
Total
231642
223
231865
Total
311
General
General )
Postal
Total
70612
52941
123553
0
132
123685

----
213. Karakat
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Men
141775
299
142074
Men
73335
Women
119639
159
119798
Women
54402
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
261414
458
261872
Total
127737
0
312
Postal
Total
53
127790

---214. Arwal
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
109785
305
110090
Men
53877
Women
91269
120
91389
Women
40957
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
201054
425
201479
Total
94834
0
77
94911

----
313
215. Kurtha
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
103427
141
103568
Men
50859
Women
87525
59
87584
Women
41082
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
190952
200
191152
Total
91941
0
44
91985

---216. Jahanabad
314
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
119966
415
120381
Men
61882
Women
101622
145
101767
Women
48717
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
221588
560
222148
Total
110599
0
17
110616

----
217. Ghosi
Electors
Men
Women
Other
Total
315
General
Service
Total
110073
367
110440
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Total
Men
56772
96124
184
96308
Women
47346
0
0
0
Other
0
206197
551
206748
Total
104118
0
8
104126

---218. Makhdumpur (SC)
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
Men
98261
461
98722
Men
49809
Women
84419
112
84630
Women
40375
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
182680
672
183352
Total
90184
316

General )
Postal
Total
0
2
90186

----
219. Goh
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
General )
Postal
Men
121634
290
121924
Men
65838
Women
106099
166
106265
Women
54208
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
227733
456
228189
Total
120046
0
19
317
Total
120065

---220. Obra
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Men
125203
366
125569
Men
73495
Women
106638
199
106837
Women
56745
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
231841
565
232406
Total
130240
0
22
130262

----
318
221. Nabinagar
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Men
112205
150
112355
Men
59699
Women
92932
74
93006
Women
42098
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
205137
224
205361
Total
101797
0
18
101815

---222. Kutumba (SC)
Electors
General
Service
Men
107144
105
Women
88200
48
Other
0
0
Total
195344
153
319
Total
107249
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Men
52725
88248
Women
40721
Other
0
195497
Total
93446
0
14
93460

----
223. Aurangabad
Electors
General
Service
Total
Men
123516
134
123650
Women
102437
54
102491
Other
0
0
0
Total
225953
188
226141
320
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Men
62596
Women
48712
Other
0
Total
111308
0
18
111326

---224. Rafiganj
Electors
Men
134178
145
134323
Voters
Men
General
Service
Total
General
64888
in General )
Postal
Total
Women
112144
64
112208
Women
53093
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
246322
209
246531
Total
117981
0
5
117986
321

----
225. Gurua
Electors
Men
Women
Other
General
Total
221219
119138
Service
Total
102081
84
119222
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Men
64674
0
43
102124
Women
55982
0
0
Other
0
127
221346
Total
120656
0
16
322
Total
120672

---226. Sherghati
Electors
General
Men
Women
Other
106481
Service
Total
200386
28
106509
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Total
Men
57681
93905
16
93921
Women
49982
0
0
0
Other
0
44
200430
Total
107663
0
35
107698

----
323
227. Imamganj (SC)

Electors
General
Men
Women
Other
122781
Service
Total
229174
56
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Total
Men
57089
106393
19
Women
51980
0
0
0
Other
0
75
229249
Total
109069
0
19
109088

---228. Barachatti (SC)
324
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Men
118372
28
118400
Men
118400
Women
106027
12
106039
Women
106039
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
224399
40
224439
Total
114690
0
7
114697

----
229. Bodh gaya (SC)

Electors
Men
Women
Other
Total
325
General
125357
Service
Total
237808
145
Voters
Men
63535
General
in General )
Postal
Total
112451
73
Women
58463
0
0
0
Other
0
218
238026
Total
121998
0
15
122013

---230. Gaya town
Electors
General
Men
Women
Other
119101
Service
Total
214669
159
Voters
Total
Men
95568
64
Women
0
0
0
Other
223
214892
Total
326
General
in General )
Postal
Total
61201
41745
102946
0
207
103153

----
231. Tikari
Electors
General
Men
Women
Other
131333
Service
Total
244555
261
131594
Voters
Total
Men
113222
98
113320
Women
0
0
0
Other
359
244914
Total
327
General
in General )
Postal
Total
71450
60370
131820
0
91
131911

----
232. Belaganj
Electors
General
Men
Women
Other
118045
Service
Total
219514
98
118143
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Total
Men
67388
101469
49
101518
Women
54271
0
0
0
147
219661
Other
0
Total
121659
0
144
121803
328

----
233. Atri
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Men
133445
162
133607
Men
64332
Women
118112
74
118186
Women
52667
Other
0
0
0
Total
251557
236
251793
Other
0
Total
116999
0
24
117023

---234. Wazirganj
Electors
General
Men
121904
Women
107466
Other
0
Total
229370
329
Service
Total
120
122024
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Men
67215
50
107516
Women
54741
0
0
Other
170
229540
Total
121956
0
117
122073

----
235. Rajauli (SC)

Electors
General
Service
Men
125510
64
Women
110098
24
Other
0
0
Total
235608
88
330
Total
125574
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Men
56007
110122
Women
52430
Other
0
235696
Total
108437
0
2
108439

---236. Hisua
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Men
143667
151
143818
Men
65432
Women
127174
70
127244
Women
58984
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
270841
221
271062
Total
124416
0
16
331
Total
124432

----
237. Nawada
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Men
141599
155
141754
Men
64229
Women
121409
49
121458
Women
54778
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
263008
204
263212
Total
119007
0
12
119019
332

---238. Gobindpur
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Men
123207
58
123265
Men
51589
Women
105934
24
105958
Women
48487
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
229141
82
229223
Total
100076
0
2
100078

----
333
239. Warsaliganj
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Men
143208
138
143346
Men
65247
Women
120324
67
120391
Women
55609
Other
0
0
0
Total
263532
205
263737
Other
0
Total
120856
0
5
120861

---240. Sikandra (SC)
Electors
General
Service
Men
122886
12
Women
104911
6
Other
0
0
Total
227797
18
334
Total
122898
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Men
54738
104917
Women
49085
Other
227815
Total
103823
0
1
103824

----
241. Jamui
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
in General )
Men
123690
18
123708
Men
65481
Women
103916
12
103928
Women
56302
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
227606
30
227636
Total
121783
0
335
Postal
Total
1
121784

---242. Jhajha
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Men
129513
11
129524
Men
67076
Women
110910
3
110913
Women
57034
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
240423
14
240437
Total
124110
0
4
124114

----
336
243. Chakai
Electors
General
Service
Total
Voters
General
in General )
Postal
Total
Men
122337
4
122341
Men
59959
Women
106594
3
106597
Women
48292
Other
0
0
0
Other
0
Total
228931
7
228938
Total
108251
0
15
108266

----
337
Chapter 15
EVOLUTION OF ELECTORAL SYSTEM OF INDIA
After attaining independence in August 1947, there was a need to hold General Elections in free India to elect a truly
representative government elected on the basis of universal adult suffrage. Therefore, Article 324, which provides for the
setting up of Election Commission as an independent constitutional authority, was brought into force from 26 th November,
1949, whereas, most of the other provisions were made effective from 26 th January, 1950 (when the Constitution of India
became effective).
Election Commission was formally constituted on 25th January, 1950, i.e., one day before India became as Sovereign
Democratic Republic. First Chief Election Commissioner, Shri Sukumar Sen, was appointed on 21 st March, 1950.
From 1950 to 16th October, 1989, the Commission functioned as a single member body.
From 16th October, 1989 to
1st January, 1990, it was converted into a three member body but on 1st January, 1990, it reverted to the system of single member
body. However, since 1st October, 1993, the Commission is regularly functioning as a three member body.
The Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners are given the same salary and allowances as of a Judge
of the Supreme Court. All the three Commissioners have equal powers in decision making and in case of any difference of
338
opinion on any issue, the decision is taken by the majority. The term of the office of CEC and ECs is six years or till the age of
65, whichever is earlier.
For the purpose of first General Elections to the Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabhas, the first delimitation order was issued by
President, in consultation with Election Commission and with the approval of Parliament on 13th August, 1951.
To provide a legal framework for the conduct of elections, Parliament passed the first Act on 12th May, 1950
(Representation of the People Act, 1950) providing mainly for the preparation of electoral rolls and second Act on 17 th July,
1951 (Representation of the People Act, 1951) laying down the procedure for the conduct of elections to both Houses of
Parliament and Vidhan Sabhas for each State.
Electoral Rolls for these constituencies were published in all States by 15th November, 1951. The total number of voters
(excluding Jammu and Kashmir) was 17,32,13,635 as against the total population of India (excluding Jammu and Kashmir),
according to 1951 census, 35,66,91,760. The first General Elections to the Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabhas were held between
October, 1951 and March, 1952. The first Lok Sabha consisting of 497 members was constituted on 2nd April, 1952. The first
Rajya Sabha consisting of 216 members was constituted on 3rd April, 1952.
After the constitution of the two Houses of Parliament and the State Legislative Assemblies, the first Presidential election
was held in May, 1952 and the first duly elected President assumed the charge of office on 13 th May, 1952. At the time of the
first General Election in 1951-52, the Commission had recognized 14 political parties as multi-state parties and 39 parties as
the state parties. Presently, there are seven recognized national parties 40 State parties.
339
For the first and second General Elections in 1951-52, and 1957, the Election Commission adopted the Balloting System
of voting. Under this system, every candidate was allotted a separate ballot box at each polling station in a screened
compartment and the voter was required only to drop his ballot paper, the centrally pre-printed ballot papers into the ballot
box of the candidate of his choice.
From the 3rd General Elections in 1962 onwards, the Commission switched over to marking system of voting. Under
this system, a common ballot paper containing the names and election symbols of all contesting candidates is printed on which
the voter has to put a mark with an arrow cross mark rubber stamp on or near the symbol of the candidate of his choice. All
the marked ballot papers are put into a common ballot box.
The Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) were used for the first time in part of Parur Assembly Constituency in Kerala in
1982, on experimental basis. Later, the extensive use of EVMs started in 1998. The EVMs were used at all polling stations in the
country in the 14th General Election to the Lok Sabha in 2004 for the first time . Since then all elections to Lok Sabha and
Legislative Assemblies have been held using EVMs.
Since 1951-52, fifteen General Elections have been held to the Lok Sabha and 348 General Elections to the Vidhan Sabhas
and the country is now fully geared for the 16th country wide general elections to Lok Sabha.
340
Some Features of Indian Elections
During Kerala Legislative Assembly Elections in 2007, an exclusive polling station

was set up only for one elector in Perambara Assembly Constituency. Likewise a
polling station was provided for a lone voter in Gir forest in Gujarat in 2012.
Highest altitude at which the polling stations provided in the State of Jammu and
Kashmir: at Leh and Anlay Phoo in Leh Assembly Constituency at the height of
5000 mtr.
During Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Elections in 1996, as many as 1033

contesting candidates were in Modakurichi Assembly Constituency.
Maximum number of candidates for any Parliamentary Constituency was 480

from Nalgonda Parliamentary Constituency in Andhra Pradesh during the General
Elections to the Lok Sabha in 1996.
341
Chapter16
Electoral Laws of India
India is a sovereign, socialist, secular democratic republic. Democracy is one
of the inalienable basic features of the Constitution of India and forms part of its
basic structure (Kesavanand Bharati v State of Kerala and Others AIR 1973 SC
1461). The concept of democracy, as visualized by the Constitution, pre-supposes
the representation of the people in Parliament and State Legislatures by the
method of election (N P Punnuswami v Returning Officer Namakkal AIR 1952 SC
64).For democracy to survive rule of law must prevail and it is necessary that the
best available men should be chosen as peoples representatives for proper
governance of the country (Gadakh Yashwantrao Kankararao v Balasaheb
Vikhepatil AIR 1994 SC 678). And for the best available men to be chosen as
peoples representatives, elections must be free and fair and conducted in an
atmosphere where the electors are able to exercise their franchise according to
their own free will. Thus, free and fair elections form the bedrock of democracy.
India has adopted the British Westminster system of parliamentary form of
government. We have an elected President, elected Vice-President, elected
Parliament and elected State Legislature for every State. Now, we also have
elected municipalities, panchayats and other local bodies. For ensuring free and
fair elections to these offices and bodies, there are three pre-requisites: (1) an
authority to conduct these elections, which should be insulated from political and
executive interference, (2) set of laws which should govern the conduct of
elections and in accordance whereof the authority charged with the responsibility
of conducting these elections should hold them, and (3) a mechanism whereby all
doubts and disputes arising in connection with these elections should be resolved.
The Constitution of India has paid due attention to all these imperatives and
duly provided for all the three matters.
The Constitution has created an independent Election Commission of India
in which vests the superintendence, direction and control of preparation of
electoral rolls for, and conduct of elections to, the offices of President and VicePresident of India and Parliament and State Legislatures (Article 324). A similar
342
independent constitutional authority has been created for conduct of elections to

municipalities, panchayats and other local bodies (Articles 243 K and 243 ZA).
The authority to enact laws for elections to the offices of President and VicePresident and to Parliament and State Legislatures has been reposed by the
Constitution in Indian Parliament (Articles 71 and 327). Laws relating to conduct
of elections to municipalities, panchayats and other local bodies are framed by the
respective State Legislatures (Articles 243 K and 243 ZA). All doubts and disputes
relating to the elections to the office of President and Vice-President are dealt with
by the Supreme Court (Article 71), whereas the initial jurisdiction to deal with all
doubts and disputes relating to the elections to Parliament and State Legislatures
vests in the High Court of the State concerned, with a right of appeal to the
Supreme Court (Article 329). The disputed matters relating to elections to
municipalities, etc. are decided by the lower courts in accordance with the laws
made by the respective State Governments.
The law relating to the elections to the offices of President and VicePresident of India has been enacted by Parliament in the form of Presidential and
Vice-Presidential Elections Act 1952. This Act has been supplemented by the
Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections Rules 1974 and further supplemented
by the Election Commissions directions and instructions on all aspects.
Conduct of elections to Parliament and State Legislatures are governed by
the provisions of two Acts, namely, Representation of the People Act 1950 and
Representation of the People Act 1951.
Representation of the People Act 1950 deals mainly with the matters
relating to the preparation and revision of electoral rolls. The provisions of this
Act have been supplemented by detailed rules, Registration of Electors Rules 1960,
made by the Central Government, in consultation with the Election Commission,
under Section 28 of that Act and these rules deal with all the aspects of preparation
of electoral rolls, their periodic revision and updating, inclusion of eligible names,
exclusion of ineligible names, correction of particulars, etc. These rules also
provide for the issue of electoral identity cards to registered electors bearing their
photographs at the State cost. These rules also empower the Election Commission
to prepare the photo electoral rolls containing photographs of electors, in addition
to their other particulars .In exercise of these powers, the Commission is now
preparing the electoral rolls for all parliamentary and assembly constituted in
343
India with the photographs of electors containing therein, apart from the issue of
individual identity cards to them.
All matters relating to the actual conduct of elections are governed by the
provisions of the Representation of the People Act 1951 which have been
supplemented by the Conduct of Elections Rules 1961 framed by the Central
Government, in consultation with the Election Commission, under Section 169 of
that Act. This Act and the rules make detailed provisions for all stages of the
conduct of elections like the issue of writ notification calling the election, filing of
nominations, scrutiny of nominations, withdrawal of candidatures, taking of poll,
counting of votes and constitution of the Houses on the basis of the results so
declared.
The superintendence, direction and control of elections vested by the
Constitution in the Election Commission empowers the Commission even to make
special orders and directions to deal with the situations for which the laws enacted
by the Parliament make no provision or insufficient provision. The classic
example of filling such vacuous area is the promulgation of the Election Symbols
(Reservation and Allotment) Order 1968 which governs the matters relating to
recognition of political parties at the National and State level, reservation of
election symbols for them, resolution of disputes between splinter groups of such
recognised parties, and allotment of symbols to all candidates at elections, etc.
Another such vacuous area where the Election Commission exercises its
inherent powers under Article 324 of the Constitution is the enforcement of the
Model Code of Conduct for guidance of political parties and candidates. The Model
Code is a unique document evolved by the political parties themselves to govern
their conduct during elections so as to ensure that a level playing field for all
political parties is maintained during elections and, in particular, to curb the
misuse of official power and official machinery by the ruling party(ies) to further
the electoral prospects of their candidates.
All post election matters to resolve doubts and disputes arising out of or in
connection with the elections are also dealt with in accordance with the provisions
of the Representation of the People Act 1951. Under this Act, all such doubts and
disputes can be raised before the High Court of the State concerned, but only after
the election is over and not when the election process is still on.
344
The above mentioned Representation of the People Acts 1950 and 1951 and
the Registration of Electors Rules 1960 and Conduct of Elections Rules 1961 form
complete code on all matters relating to elections to both Houses of Parliament
and State Legislatures. Any person aggrieved by any of the decisions of the
Election Commission or the authorities functioning under it has to find a remedy
in accordance with the provisions of these Acts and Rules.
These Acts and Rules enable the Election Commission to issue directions
and instructions to deal with various aspects of the preparation/revision of
electoral rolls and the conduct of elections and leave all such matters of detail to
be dealt with by the Commission. Pursuant thereto, the Commission has issued a
plethora of directions and instructions which have been consolidated by the
Commission in various compendia and the handbooks for the Electoral
Registration Officers, Returning Officers, Presiding Officers, candidates, polling
agents and counting agents.
The laws enacted by Parliament and supplemented by the Rules and by the
Commissions directions and instructions there under have come for scrutiny of
the Supreme Court in several important matters from time to time and a significant
contribution to supplement those laws and to reform the electoral system have
been made by the Apex Court. To give a few important examples, the Supreme
Court in the case of Mohinder Singh Gill vs. Chief Election Commissioner (AIR 1978
SC 851) laid down that the Election Commission, being a creature of the
Constitution, can supplement the laws made by the Parliament wherever the
enacted law did not make a sufficient provision to deal with a situation arising in
the course of the conduct of elections in a vast democracy like ours. It is in the
exercise of such powers, that the Commission is enforcing the Model Code of
Conduct which is a unique contribution to the cause of free and fair elections by
the political parties themselves. Again, in the case of Peoples Union for Civil
Liberties (AIR 2003 SC 2363), the Supreme Court mandated that every candidate
contesting an election to Parliament or a State Legislature must furnish, on
affidavit, all details with regard to his criminal antecedents, if any, his assets and
liabilities as also of his spouse and dependent children, as well as his educational
qualifications so that electors, the ultimate rulers in democracy, can make an
informed choice while electing their representatives. Further, in the case
of Resurgence India [LAWS(SC)-2013-9-35], the Supreme Court has recently laid
down that if any candidate fails to furnish the requisite information in the
abovementioned affidavit, dispute being reminded by the returning officer to do
so, his nomination paper will be liable to be rejected by the returning officer at the
time of scrutiny of his nomination papers. Another significant contribution to the
345
election law made by the Supreme Court has come in the case of Peoples Union for
Civil Liberties[LAWS(SC)-2013-9-87], that a voter has a right to express his dissatisfaction with all the candidates in the constituency and to caste a negative
vote. To operationalise this judgment of the Supreme Court, the Election
Commission has provided an additional button on the voting machines with the
inscription NOTA (Note of the above) by pressing which the voter has a right to
express that he does not wish to vote for any of the candidate. This enables the
voters to express their desire in secrecy but the law does not say that if the number
of votes recorded for the NOTA option is more than the highest number of votes
recorded by any of the candidates, it will adversely affect his election. In yet
another landmark judgment in the case of Dr. Subramanian Swamy [LAWS(SC)2013-10-20], the Apex Court held that the Electronic Voting Machines should have
the provision for Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) so that when a voter
cast his vote, a paper slip is printed showing the name and symbol of the candidate
for whom he has recorded his vote. This will enable the voter to satisfy himself
that the vote cast by him has been properly recorded and accounted for the
candidate of his choice.
by S.K.Mendiratta , Legal Advisor, Election Commission of India
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Chapter 17
Expenditure Monitoring Mechanism
The Election Commission conducts the elections to the office of the President, Vice
President, Parliament and the State Assemblies. As per Article 324 of the
Constitution, the commission is vested with the power of Superintendence,
direction and control of elections.
It is a well-known fact that without money, multi-party democracy cannot
function, however Money Power involves certain risks like:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Uneven Playing field and lack of fair competition,

Political Exclusion ie: Certain sectors face disadvantage,
Co-Opted politicians under campaign debts,
Tainted Governance and Rule of Law undermined.
The Commission is seriously engaged in curbing the influence of money power

in elections, during General elections to Assembly / Parliamentary constituencies.
The Election Commission has formulated a robust mechanism for monitoring
election expenditure, which was first implemented during General Election to
Legislative Assembly of Bihar in 2010. This monitoring mechanism was
subsequently implemented effectively and systematically from 2010 to 2013 in
the Assembly/ Bye- Elections in the States of West Bengal, Assam, Kerala, Tamil
Nadu, Puducherry, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Manipur, Goa, Andhra
Pradesh, Jharkhand, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura,
Karnataka, Rajasthan, NCT of Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Mizoram.
These measures have resulted in huge cash interception / seizures during the
Assembly elections totaling to approximately 215 crore rupees.
The following are the main features of the Election Expenditure Monitoring:
1. Opening of a separate bank account by each contesting candidate for
incurring all major election expenses through cheque / demand draft drawn
on this bank account only.
2. A complaint-monitoring cell in each district with 24X7 toll free number to
receive complaint from the public.
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3. Flying Squads, Quick Response Teams, Static Surveillance Teams headed by

Executive Magistrates are formed in each constituency to track illegal cash
transaction or any distribution liquor or any items for bribing/ inducement
of the voters and to attend to all complains of election expenditure.
4. All airports in the State, major railway stations, hotels, farm houses, hawala
agents, financial brokers, cash couriers, pawn brokers and other suspicious
agencies/persons engaged in movement of cash are to be kept under close
surveillance by the Income Tax Department and necessary action to be
taken as per the provisions of the Income Tax Act.
5. Monitoring of suspicious cash withdrawal from any bank account during
election process.
6. Expenditure Observers are appointed for each district with senior officers
from Income Tax Department, Customs & Central Excise Department and
other finance & accounts services from outside the State to oversee the
election expenditure by the candidates during election.
7. Assistant Expenditure Observers are appointed for each constituency, to
assist the Expenditure Observers.
8. Shadow Observation Register is maintained in each constituency for each
candidate to record major expenses observed during the election.
9. Video Surveillance Team is constituted with camera persons and Govt.
officials in each team to videograph major election campaign expenses.
10. Accounting Team is constituted in each constituency to maintain Shadow
Observation Register and the folder of evidence.
11. Media Certification and Media Expenditure Monitoring Committee (MCMC)
constituted to monitor both print and electronic media including cable
network, social media etc. for election advertisement and suspected Paid
News.
12. Campaign for Ethical Voting and to create awareness among voters not to
accept any inducement in exchange of votes.
Election Expenditure monitoring mechanism has been adopted to curb the
misuse of money power during elections to ensure free and fair elections. The
following strategies are adopted:
i.
ii.
Interpersonal communication is taken up through the State/ Govt. Of

India units- Income Tax Dept. to track illegal cash, Directorate of
Revenue Intelligence (DRI) and Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) to
track drugs, Enforcement Directorate to track foreign Exchange,
Police Dept. and Excise Dept. of the respective States to check other
crimes related to bribery, terror, theft, narcotics, illegal liquor etc.
and the abuse of money power in elections involving the candidate,
his agent or any political party.
A strict vigil is maintained over the movement of cash etc. through
airports/ airstrips/ Helipads and a standard operating procedure
(SOP) has been developed and implemented by the Bureau of Civil
348
Aviation in consultation with the Commission. While the CISF is

involved to keeps strict vigil at the airports of the poll going States to
stop illegal movement of cash / bullion involving the candidate, his
agent or any political party.
iii. The Ministry of Civil Aviation has been directed to operate Air
Intelligence Units (AIUs) in all the airports of the respective poll
going states till the date of completion of elections so as to keep track
of and report of any illegal movement of cash involving the candidate,
his agent or any political party.
iv. The Govt. Of India unit like the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) has
been requested to provide real time information on suspicious cash
transactions in banks and to keep close watch on withdrawal of cash
exceeding the specified limits from the Bank Accounts in poll going
States.
v. BSF and SSB has been requested to keep strict vigil over movement
of illegal items, cash etc. through international borders of poll going
States meant to influence voters.
vi. The cases of candidates, who have not filed correct election
Expenditure statements, have been processed for disqualification
under section 10A of the R.P. Act, 1951.
The above measures have gone a long way in curbing pernicious effect of money
power during the general elections held in the last four years. There is still a lot of
distance to be covered in this regard to eliminate the deep seated malady and the
intelligentsia, Media civil society organizations should all join hands with Election
Commission of India to create general awareness against the use of Money Power
during elections.
by P.K.Dash , Director General, Election Commission of India
349
Chapter 18
SVEEP - For Making Elections
Inclusive
We, the citizens of India, having abiding faith in democracy, hereby pledge to uphold the
democratic traditions of our country and the dignity of free, fair and peaceful elections, and to
vote in every election fearlessly and without being influenced by considerations of religion, race,
caste, community, language or any inducement.
- a pledge, which gained popularity among newly eligible voters in India during the
past three years, changed the attitude of young India towards elections, thanks to
SVEEP (Systematic Voters Education and Electoral Participation) initiatives by
Election Commission of India (ECI).
Being a landmark initiative by ECI, SVEEP has stimulated every aspect of
election processes to ensure enhanced voters participation in the polling. During
the last three years, voter registration, especially among youth, has gone up from
10-15 percent to 30-35 percent and almost all the state assembly elections held
since 2010, recorded high voter turnout with greater participation from youth and
women.
BACKGROUND
Voter registration and electorate education are central to the election
management process. However, qualitatively and quantitatively voter
participation in India is still far from the ideal of participatory democracy. There
is lot of gap between what the voters should know and what they actually know
in important areas like registration, Electors Photo Identity Card (EPIC)/ identity
proofs, Polling Station location, use of EVMs, timings of the poll, dos & donts with
regard to Model Code of Conduct, use of money/ muscle and liquor power by
candidates or their associates to influence vulnerable sections of electorate. More
so, as has been observed, voter awareness does not always convert into voters
actually casting their vote. To achieve the objectives of increasing voter awareness
and voter turnout the election commission has taken a major step in the form of
350
Systematic Voters Education and Electoral participation (SVEEP) programme

to inform, educate, motivate and facilitate voters and in turn make Indian
democracy more participative and meaningful.
TAKEOFF
With a sense of urgency to highlight the issue of low electoral awareness and low
voter turnout issue, ECI chose the theme, Greater Participation for a Stronger
Democracy for its Diamond Jubilee celebrations in 2010. It is in same year the
journey of the nations biggest voter participation programme - SVEEP - began
with Bihar Assembly elections. In simple terms, SVEEP is a range of policy
initiatives and activities intend to improve peoples participation in the electoral
process. Since then it has been taking up activities to remove gaps in information,
motivation and facilitation and in turn increase voter turnout in elections to
Legislative Assemblies to many states. There were planned IEC (Information,
Education and Communication) interventions in the Jharkhand elections of end2009 and subsequently carried forward in the form of SVEEP (Systematic Voters
Education and Electoral Participation) in Bihar Assembly elections of 2010 and
assembly elections of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Assam, West Bengal and UT of
Puducherry in 2011. This continued for the 5 State elections of UP, Goa, Punjab,
Uttarakhand and Manipur and again in the twin general elections in Himachal
Pradesh and Gujarat in 2012 and elections to NE states of Tripura, Meghalaya and
Nagaland in early 2013.
REVEALING THE OBSTACLES
Voters Behaviour Surveys were carried out as part of SVEEP. These surveys
revealed the underlying reasons for under registration, problems in getting
duplicate EPIC, correcting names on voter list and various information gaps and
low voter turn-out. Moreover, the surveys also try to map the demographics of
elector-segments with lower electoral participation.
TARGETED INTERVENTION
351
It was observed that the youth and women

constitute a major part of the people who do not
cast their vote. In order to improve participation
of all sections of electorate, ECI decided to bridge
the gap in information and motivation, and also
simultaneously made interventions to make the
process of enrolment - easier and convenient and
the voting experience - people friendly. ECI also
creatively engaged with people to enthuse them
to join the electoral process.
Voter should be aware of:
Voter registration
EPIC/Identity proofs
Polling station location
Use of EVMs
Timing of the poll
Dos and donts with regards
to Model Code of Conduct
Use of money, muscle and
liquor power by candidate or
their associate to influence
electorate
How to file complaints
IMPLEMENTATION
The Systematic Voter Education and Electoral Participation Wing formulates
policies, lays down the framework, plans interventions and monitors
implementation besides carrying out continuous discourse with voting publics,
civil society groups and media. SVEEP comprise of a plethora of systematic
interventions for Information, Motivation and Facilitation (IMF) measures to
involve the people in the electoral process. They broadly include situation analysis,
systematic planning and implementation of targeted interventions (on IMF model)
based on the situation analysis, mid programme review and monitoring and end
term review. The communication interventions include multi-media and interpersonal communication, physical events and innovative activities for
mobilization of people/community and voter Facilitation. Realizing the
intricacies in bringing out a behavioural change among people, ECI emphasized on
social orientation and collaborative approach in the whole process of SVEEP.
Formulation of State and District level SVEEP plans
ECI also initiated some internal organizational changes in the state level and
constituted state and district level core groups to coordinate and implement all
SVEEP activities. The State Level Plans and District Level Plans are to be
formulated for the whole year with intense sub plans for election period. The plans
are to be in conformity with national framework, laid out by the Commission, but
allowing for due flexibility and credibility at every level.
Collaborations
352
The Election Commission collaborated with educational institutions and youth

organizations like NYKS, NSS, NCC to particularly tap the new voters in the age
group of 18-19yrs, promote greater awareness amongst youth and students about
electoral process and to seek their assistance in facilitating voter registration. It
also collaborated with Central and State Government Departments like the
departments of health, education, WCD, Cooperatives, Welfare etc., so that these
departments can extend their existing infrastructure and manpower (field
functionaries) for electoral education and outreach. Collaboration with
Government and private media as well as Civil Society and credible NGOs for
increasing peoples awareness regarding electoral participation has also helped in
creating voter awareness.
In 2013 ECI signed a MoU with NLMA (National Literacy Mission Authority) after
which electoral literacy has become a major component of the Sakshar Bharat
Programme of the Government of India. ECI and UNDP also have an MoU in the
field of Voter education. Campus Ambassadors have now been introduced (since
December 2013) who would be a student in the campus and act as ambassador of
the Commission and facilitate the SVEEP programme in the educational campuses.
Now even private media houses and Corporates are joining in and extending
support in the SVEEP programme of the ECI.
Facilitation as Part of Strategy of SVEEP
SVEEP initiated new measures relate to voter facilitation in areas of registration,
issuing voter identity cards and suggests ways and means to make the election
process voter friendly. These initiatives include Voters Helplines in all districts,
searching name in the Voter list through internet and SMS, Voters Facilitation
Booths, Ideal Polling booths, EVM familarisation camps, Voter Slip, Expanding the
I-Card basket i.e., making other identity proofs (apart from EPIC) as a valid proof
for voting.
National Voters Day
In order to reach out the mass, ECI initiated a practice to celebrate the National
Voters Day on its foundation day, 25th January, in 2011. It is considered to be a
significant step among the various SVEEP initiatives. It is being observed every
year with the objective of increasing enrolment of voters to make universal adult
suffrage a complete reality. With the aim to give the younger generation a sense of
responsible citizenship and to encourage them to exercise their new franchise, ECI
353
felicitates all the newly eligible registered voters in over 8 lakh polling station
areas as part of the National Voters Day observance. They are handed over their
Elector Photo Identity Cards (EPIC) and a badge with the slogan Proud to be a
Voter-Ready to Vote. They also take an oath to strengthen democracy by taking
part in the elections. Since 2011 the National Voters Day is being celebrated with
great enthusiasm across the country along with a series of outreach measures like
symposiums, cycle rally, human chain, folk arts programmes, mini-marathon,
competitions and awareness seminars.
National Voters Day 25th January
Other measures
Identifying the ability of the popular icons to establish authentic connection with the masses, ECI appointed
national and state icons from various fields to boost the awareness programme and motivate the voters.
Former Indian President Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam, M S Dhoni, Saina Nehwal and M C Mary Kom are the national
icons, besides many more celebrities are the state icons and involved in these SVEEP initiatives.
Table 1: Comparison of polling percentage of the State Assembly elections held after 2010 to the
previous ones
Sl. No.
State
Assam
Bihar
Goa
Gujarat
Himachal Pradesh
Jharkhand
Polling Percentage
Year of
Election
Male
Female
Total
2006
76.49
74.89
75.77
2011
76.85
74.94
75.92
2005
45.85
2010
51.12
54.49
52.67
2007
69.70
70.30
70.51
2012
78.86
84.57
81.73
2007
62.31
57.02
59.77
2012
72.94
69.50
71.30
2007
68.36
74.01
71.61
2012
69.39
76.20
72.69
2004
---
---
57.03
2009
59.13
54.53
56.96
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Karnataka
Kerala
Manipur
10
Meghalaya
11
Nagaland
12
Punjab
13
Pondicherry
14
Tamil Nadu
15
Tripura
16
Uttar Pradesh
17
Uttarakhand
18
West Bengal
19
Rajasthan
20
Chhattisgarh
21
Delhi
22
Madhya Pradesh
23
Mizoram
2008
66.20
63.10
64.68
2013
71.84
70.1
71.00
2006
73.17
71.08
72.38
2011
75.08
74.78
74.92
2007
85.88
86.82
86.73
2012
76.94
81.36
79.19
2008
88.62
89.36
88.99
2013
85.17
88.44
86.82
2013
89.09
91.33
90.19
2008
85.99
86.39
86.19
2007
75.36
75.47
75.45
2012
77.58
78.90
78.20
2006
84.48
86.29
86.00
2011
83.97
86.97
85.52
2006
72.41
68.75
70.82
2011
77.53
78.51
78.01
2008
90.74
91.72
91.22
2013
90.73
92.94
91.82
2007
49.35
41.92
45.96
2012
58.68
60.28
59.40
2007
58.95
59.45
59.45
2012
64.41
68.12
66.17
2006
82.34
80.75
81.97
2011
84.22
84.45
84.33
2008
67.10
65.31
66.25
2013
74.92
75.52
75.20
2008
71.80
69.20
70.51
2013
77.37
77.21
77.32
2008
58.34
56.62
57.58
2013
65.98
65.13
65.60
2008
72.30
65.91
69.28
2013
73.95
70.11
72.66
2008
78.77
81.24
80.02
2013
80.3
82.2
81.2
Media and non-media units, folk cultural groups, cable networks, marathons,
rallies, human chains, exhibition, hoardings, posters, pamphlets, leaflets, cinema
slides, street plays, magic shows are utilized with good effect.
355
ECI has also been getting enthusiastic support of a range of governmental and nongovernmental organizations, civil society and media in enlisting citizens
participation in the electoral process. In some states it has trained a band of
volunteers who took the message to the masses.
Information at Your Fingertips!
One of the greatest advancements of the modern day technology is the penetration
of internet into our life. Keeping pace with changing time, ECI revived its website
to provide all kind of information and services to citizens in a hassle free manner.
Social media is being used at district and state level for enhancing voter awareness
and increasing voter turnout increasing polling percentage. Most of the state chief
electoral offices own face book pages for reaching out techno-savvy young voters.
The facility for online registration of voters is the only system in India where one
can get an identity card, i.e., Elector Photo Identity Cards (EPIC) without visiting a
government office. The website also provides various other services like changing
the demographic details online, and tracking ones application online. The
success of this online system is evident from the figures coming from various
states; around 40 percent of new voter in Kerala and about 30 percent in Delhi,
Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka have obtained the EPIC through this system.
SVEEP in a nutshell
Voters Behaviour Survey
Formulation of State and District level SVEEP
plans
Personnel for State level
State and District level core groups
Collaboration with Government departments
Collaboration with CSOs, Media and
organisations
National Voters Day
Identification of National and State Icons
The Way Forward

356
The objective of any voter education programme is to make relevant information

available and accessible to public. If the campaign achieves universal coverage of
the electorate it will be a great success for democracy. Under the banner of SVEEP,
a series of outreach measures like marathons, rallies, processions, quiz
competitions, film screening, declamation contests, street play, SMSes and
helplines were conducted so far to promote voting. The gaps in the electoral
process like youth disconnect, urban apathy and subdued ethical voting campaign
are being filled by SVEEP activities while the areas like NRI registration, service
voters low participation, migrant voters need more ECI interventions. ECI is
constantly engaging to evolve programmes that can explore the in-depth
correlation between the strength of an individuals vote and their empowerment.
357
Chapter 19
Indelible Ink: Mark on finger, A
moment of Pride
Indelible Ink is popularly known as Voter's
Ink to mark on voters finger during
elections to avoid fraudulent, multiple
voting & malpractices. It is not an ordinary
ink, once it is applied on the finger it remains
for few months.
The credibility of producing the special ink
goes to the Mysore Paints and Varnish
Limited (MPVL) the Govt. of Karnataka
undertaking, which is supplying this ink to India and various foreign countries.
In India it has been a great challenge for the government and the election
commission to hold and complete the process of general elections. In achieving
this and to eliminate the fake voting, the election commission has introduced a
measure, i.e. using Indelible Ink which is put on the left hand finger nail of the
voter. The Indelible Ink cannot be removed by any chemical, detergents or oil, it
remains for few months.
Mysore Paints and Varnish Limited (MPVL) specialized in manufacturing and
supply of quality Indelible Ink, in association with the Election Commission of
India, National Physical Laboratory, and National Research Development
Corporation. It is the sole authorized supplier of this type of foolproof Indelible Ink
in India having exclusive license granted by National Research Development
Corporation (NRDC), New Delhi since 1962.
Mysore Paints & Varnish Ltd., was established during 1937 by late Nalwadi
Krishnaraja Wodeyar, Then the Maharaja of Mysore province under the
nomenclature Mysore Lac & Paint Works Ltd. During 1989, it was renamed
as Mysore Paints & Varnish Ltd In 1962, the Election Commission in collaboration
with Union Law Ministry, The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and NRDC made
an agreement with Mysore Paints and Varnish Ltd., for supplying this ink for the
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Parliament, Assembly and other general elections to all the states in India.
Beginning with 1962 general elections it has been supplying indelible ink for
Elections in India.
Apart from supplying indelible ink to Indian elections, Mysore Paints & Varnish
Ltd has been exporting the Ink to 28 countries across the world since 1976, to
name some few countries are: Turkey, South Africa, Nigeria, Nepal, Ghana, PapuaNew Guinea, Burkina Faso, Canada, Togo, Sierra Leone, Malaysia, Cambodia etc.
359
Chapter 20
MODEL CODE OF CONDUCT & ITS
EVOLUTION
Free and fair elections form the bed rock of democracy. This envisages a level
playing field for the contestants and an equal opportunity for all parties for
presenting their policies and programmes to voters. In this context the Model Code
of conduct gains relevance. The MCC intends to provide a level playing field for all
political parties, keep the campaign fair and healthy, avoid clashes and conflicts
between parties, and ensure peace and order. It aims to ensure that the ruling party,
either at the Centre or in the states, does not misuse its official position to gain an
unfair advantage in an election. This instrument is a major contribution of Indian
electoral system to the cause of democracy.
The MCC is a set of norms for conduct and behavior on the part of the Parties
and candidates, in particular. The uniqueness of the MCC is the fact that this was a
document that originated and evolved with the consensus of the political parties. The
origin of the MCC dates back to 1960 when the MCC started as a small set of Dos and
Donts for the Assembly election in Kerala in 1960. The Code covered conducting of
election meetings/processions, speeches, slogans, posters and placards (CEC-Shri
K.V.K.Sundaram). In 1962 Lok Sabha General Elections, the Commission circulated
this code to all the recognized political parties and the State Governments were
requested to secure the acceptance of the Code by the Parties. (CEC-Shri
K.V.K.Sundaram). Report received after the 1962 general election showed that the
Code was followed by and large. In 1967, the Code was followed in the Lok Sabha
and Assembly elections.(CEC-Shri K.V.K.Sundaram).
Evolution of the MCC and its implementation since 1967:
In 1968, the Election Commission held meetings with political parties at State
level and circulated the Code of Conduct to observe minimum standard of
behavior to ensure free and fair elections. (CEC-Shri S.P. Sen Verma)
In 1971-72, during General Election to the House of the People/State Legislative
Assemblies the Commission circulated the Code again. (CEC-Shri S.P. Sen Verma)
At the time of general elections to some State Assemblies in 1974, the
Commission issued the code of conduct to the political parties in those States.
The Commission also suggested constituting committees at district level headed
by the District Collector and comprising representatives of political parties as
members for considering cases of violation of the code and ensuring its
compliance by all parties and candidates.
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For the 1977 Lok Sabha general election, the Code was again circulated to the
political parties. (CEC-Shri T. Swaminathan).
In 1979, Election Commission, in consultation with the political parties further
amplified the code, adding a new Section placing restrictions on the Party in
power so as to prevent cases of abuse of position of power to get undue
advantage over other parties and candidates. (CEC-Shri S.L.Shakhdar)
In 1991, the code was consolidated and re-issued in its present form. (CEC-Shri
T.N.Seshan).
The present code contains guidelines for general conduct of political parties and
candidates (no attack on private life, no appeal to communal feelings, discipline
and decorum in meetings, processions, guidelines for party in power official
machinery and facilities not to be used for electioneering, prohibition against
Ministers and other authorities in announcing grants, new schemes etc).
Ministers and those holding public offices are not allowed to combine official
visits with electioneering tours.
Issue of advertisements at the cost of public exchequer is prohibited.
Grants, new schemes / projects cannot be announced. Even the schemes that
may have been announced before the MCC came into force, but that has not
actually taken off in terms of implementation on field are also required to be put
on hold.
It is through such restrictions that the advantage of being in power is blunted
and the contestants get the opportunity to fight on more or less equal terms.
MCC has got the judicial recognition of the highest court of land. The dispute
over the date when the Model Code of Conduct should come into force -- the
issuance of the press release by EC announcing the poll dates or the date of
actual notification in this regard was resolved in the Union of India Vs. Harbans
Sigh Jalal and Others [SLP (Civil) No.22724 of 1997)] decided on 26.04.2001.
The apex court gave the ruling that the Code of Conduct would come into force
the moment the Commission issues the press release, which precedes the
notification by a good two weeks. This ruling lay at rest the controversy related
to the dates of enforcement of MCC. Thus the MCC remains in force from the date
of announcement of elections till the completion of elections.
Legal Status for Model Code: views of the Election Commission
There is an opinion in certain quarters for providing legal status to MCC. The
Election Commission has, however, taken a stand against granting of such status
to MCC. According to the Commission bringing the MCC on the statute book will
only be counter-productive. In our country, elections are conducted within a very
limited time span according to a well laid down schedule. Normally, a general
election in a State is completed in about 45 days, from the day of announcement of
the election schedule by the Commission. Thus, the expedition and promptness in
dealing with the cases of violation of the model code of conduct is of the essence.
If no timely action is taken to curb the violations and against the violators of the
model code during the limited period when the election process is on, the whole
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significance of the MCC would be lost and the violator would be able to reap the
benefit of such violation. If the model code of conduct is converted into a law, this
would mean that a complaint would lie to the police/Magistrate. The procedures
involved in judicial proceedings being what they are, a decision on such complaints
would most likely come only long after the election is completed.
MCC is not a hindrance to Developmental activities
One often gets to hear the complaint that the MCC is coming in the way of
developmental activities. However, even during the short period when MCC is in
operation, the ongoing development activities are not stopped and are allowed to
proceed unhindered, and only the new projects, etc. which have not taken off on
the ground that have to be deferred till the completion of elections. If there is any
work that cannot wait for any reason (relief work on account of any calamity, etc),
the matter can be referred to the Commission for clearance.
It is apt to refer to the following passage from a very recent Judgment (dated
16.02.2012) of the Allahabad High Court (Lucknow Bench) in Writ Petition No.
1361 of 2012 (Dr. Nutan Thakur Vs. Election Commission of India):
It shall not be out of place to mention that after election, peoples
representatives discharge their obligation almost for a period of five years.
The elections are held at the fag end of their tenure unless the assembly or
Parliament is suspended or dissolved earlier. While holding the office, it is
always obligatory on the part of the peoples representative to discharge their
obligation honestly and fairly to serve the nation. In case they failed to
discharge their obligation during their entire term while in office or in
opposition, then making statement as a measure of allurement or
appeasement to the peoples after issuance of Election Notification, shall be
nothing but an instance of unfair practice on their part.
Model code of conduct for political parties and candidates:
1. General Conduct
(1) No party or candidate shall include in any activity which may aggravate
existing differences or create mutual hatred or cause tension between different
castes and communities, religious or linguistic.
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(2) Criticism of other political parties, when made, shall be confined to their
policies and programme, past record and work. Parties and Candidates shall
refrain from criticism of all aspects of private life, not connected with the public
activities of the leaders or workers of other parties. Criticism of other parties or
their workers based on unverified allegations or distortion shall be avoided.
(3) There shall be no appeal to caste or communal feelings for securing votes.
Mosques, Churches, Temples or other places of worship shall not be used as forum
for election propaganda.
(4) All parties and candidates shall avoid scrupulously all activities which are
corrupt practices and offences under the election law, such as bribing of voters,
intimidation of voters, impersonation of voters, canvassing within 100 meters of
polling stations, holding public meetings during the period of 48 hours ending with
the hour fixed for the close of the poll, and the transport and conveyance of voters
to and from polling station.
(5) The right of every individual for peaceful and undisturbed home-life shall be
respected, however much the political parties or candidates may resent his
political opinions or activities. Organising demonstrations or picketing before the
houses of individuals by way of protesting against their opinions or activities shall
not be resorted to under any circumstances.
(6) No political party or candidate shall permit its or his followers to make use of
any individuals land, building, compound wall etc., without his permission for
erecting flag-staffs, suspending banners, pasting notices, writing slogans etc.
(7) Political parties and candidates shall ensure that their supporters do not create
obstructions in or break up meetings and processions organized by other parties.
Workers or sympathizers of one political party shall not create disturbances at
public meetings organized by another political party by putting questions orally
or in writing or by distributing leaflets of their own party. Processions shall not be
taken out by one party along places at which meetings are held by another party.
Posters issued by one party shall not be removed by workers of another party.
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II. Meetings
(1) The party or candidate shall inform the local police authorities of the venue
and time any proposed meeting well in time so as to enable the police to make
necessary arrangements for controlling traffic and maintaining peace and order.
(2) A Party or candidate shall ascertain in advance if there is any restrictive or
prohibitory order in force in the place proposed for the meeting if such orders
exist, they shall be followed strictly. If any exemption is required from such orders,
it shall be applied for and obtained well in time.
(3) If permission or license is to be obtained for the use of loudspeakers or any
other facility in connection with any proposed meeting, the party or candidate
shall apply to the authority concerned well in advance and obtain such permission
or license.
(4) Organizers of a meeting shall invariably seek the assistance of the police on
duty for dealing with persons disturbing a meeting or otherwise attempting to
create disorder. Organisers themselves shall not take action against such persons.
III. Procession
(1) A Party or candidate organizing a procession shall decide beforehand the time
and place of the starting of the procession, the route to be followed and the time
and place at which the procession will terminate. There shall ordinary be on
deviation from the programme.
(2) The organizers shall give advance intimation to the local police authorities of
the programme so as to enable the letter to make necessary arrangement.
(3) The organisers shall ascertain if any restrictive orders are in force in the
localities through which the procession has to pass, and shall comply with the
restrictions unless exempted specially by the competent authority. Any traffic
regulations or restrictions shall also be carefully adhered to.
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(4) The organisers shall take steps in advance to arrange for passage of the
procession so that there is no block or hindrance to traffic. If the procession is very
long, it shall be organised in segments of suitable lengths, so that at convenient
intervals, especially at points where the procession has to pass road junctions, the
passage of held up traffic could be allowed by stages thus avoiding heavy traffic
congestion.
(5) Processions shall be so regulated as to keep as much to the right of the road as
possible and the direction and advice of the police on duty shall be strictly
complied with.
(6) If two or more political parties or candidates propose to take processions over
the same route or parts thereof at about the same time, the organisers shall
establish contact well in advance and decide upon the measures to be taken to see
that the processions do not clash or cause hindrance to traffic. The assistance of
the local police shall be availed of for arriving at a satisfactory arrangement. For
this purpose the parties shall contact the police at the earliest opportunity.
(7) The political parties or candidates shall exercise control to the maximum
extent possible in the matter of processionists carrying articles which may be put
to misuse by undesirable elements especially in moments of excitement.
(8) The carrying of effigies purporting to represent member of other political
parties or their leaders, burning such effigies in public and such other forms
demonstration shall not be countenanced by any political party or candidate.
IV. Polling Day
All Political parties and candidates shall
(i) co-operate with the officers on election duty to ensure peaceful and orderly
polling and complete freedom to the voters to exercise their franchise without
being subjected to any annoyance or obstruction.
(ii) supply to their authorized workers suitable badges or identity cards;
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(iii) agree that the identity slip supplied by them to voters hall be on plain (white)
paper and shall not contain any symbol, name of the candidate or the name of the
party;
(iv) refrain from serving or distributing liquor on polling day and during the
twenty- four hours preceding it ;
( v) not allow unnecessary crowd to be collected near the camps set up by the
political parties and candidates near the polling booths so as to avoid
Confrontation and tension among workers and sympathizers of the parties and the
candidate;
(vi) ensure that the candidates camps shall be simple .The shall not display any
posters, flags, symbols or any other propaganda material. No eatable shall be
served or crowd allowed at the camps; and
(vii) co-operate with the authorities in complying with the restrictions to be
imposed on
the plying of vehicles on the polling day and obtain permits for them which should
be displayed prominently on those vehicles.
V. Polling Booth
Excepting the voters, no one without a valid pass from the Election Commission
shall enter the polling booths.
VI. Observers
The Election Commission is appointing Observers. If the candidates or their agents
have any
specific complaint or problem regarding the conduct of elections they may bring
the same to the notice of the Observer.
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VII. Party in Power

The party in power whether at the Centre or in the State or States concerned, shall
ensure that no cause is given for any complaint that it has used its official position
for the purposes of its election campaign and in particular
(i) (a) The Ministers shall not combine their official visit with electioneering work
and shall not also make use of official machinery or personnel during the
electioneering work;
(b) Government transport including official air-crafts, vehicles, machinery and
personnel shall not be used for furtherance of the interest of the party in
power;
(ii) Public places such as maidans etc., for holding election meetings, and use of
helipads for air-flights in connection with elections shall not be monopolized by
itself. Other parties and candidates shall be allowed the use of such places and
facilities on the same terms and conditions on which they are used by the party in
power;
(iii) Rest houses, dark bungalows or other Government accommodation shall not
be monopolized by the party in power or its candidates and such accommodation
shall be allowed to be used by other parties and candidates in a fair manner but no
party or candidate shall use or be allowed to use such accommodation (including
premises appertaining thereto) as a campaign office or for holding any public
meeting for the purposes of election propaganda;
(iv) Issue of advertisement at the cost of public exchequer in the newspapers and
other media and the misuse of official mass media during the election period for
partisan coverage of political news and publicity regarding achievements with a
view to furthering the prospects of the party in power shall be scrupulously
avoided.
(v) Ministers and other authorities shall not sanction grants/payments out of
discretionary funds from the time elections are announced by the Commission;
and
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(vi) From the time elections are announced by Commission, Ministers and other
authorities shall not
(a) announce any financial grants in any form or promises thereof; or
(b) (except civil servants) lay foundation stones etc. of projects or schemes of
any kind; or
(c) make any promise of construction of roads, provision of drinking water
facilities etc.; or
(d) make any ad-hoc appointments in Government, Public Undertakings etc.
which may have the effect of influencing the voters in favour of the party in
power.
Note: The Commission shall announce the date of any election which shall be a
date ordinarily not more than three weeks prior to the date on which the
notification is likely to be issued in respect of such elections.
(vii) Ministers of Central or State Government shall not enter any polling station
or place of counting except in their capacity as a candidate or voter or authorized
agent.
VIII Guidelines on Election Manifestos #

1' The supreme court in its judgment dated 5th July2013 in SLP(C) No. 21455 of
2008 (S. Subramaniam Balaii vs Govt. of Tamil Nadu and others) has directed
the Election commission to frame guidelines with regard to the contents of
election manifestos in consultation with all the recognized political parties. The
guiding principles Which will lead to framing of such guidelines are quoted
below from the judgment:( i) "Although, the law is obvious that the promises in the election manifesto
cannot be construed as ,corrupt practice, under section 123 of RP Act, the
reality cannot be ruled out that distribution of freebies of any kind,
undoubtedly, influences all people, it shakes the root of free and fair elections
to a large degree.
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( ii) "The Election commission, in order to ensure level playing field between the
contesting parties and candidates in elections and also in order to see that the
purity of the election process does not get vitiated, as in past been issuing
instructions under the Model code of conduct. The fountain head of the
powers under which the commission issues these orders is Article 324 of the
Constitution which mandates the commission to hold free and fair elections.
(iii) We are mindful of the fact that generally political parties release their
election manifesto before the announcement of election date, in that scenario,
strictly speaking, the Election commission will not have the authority to
regulate any act which is done before the announcement of the date.
Nevertheless, an exception can be made in this regard as the purpose of
election manifesto is directly associated with the election process".
.
2. Upon receiving the above directions of the Hon,ble Supreme Court, the Election
Commission held a meeting with the recognized National and state political
parties for consultation with them in the matter and took note of their
conflicting views in the matter.
During consultations, while some political parties supported the issuance of
such guidelines, others were of the view that it is their right and duty towards
voters to make such offers and promises in manifestos in a healthy democratic
polity. While the commission agrees in principle with the point of view that
framing of manifestos is the right of the political parties, it cannot overlook the
undesirable impact of some of the promises and offers on the conduct of free
and fair elections and maintaining level
playing field for all political parties and candidates.
3. The constitution under Article 324 mandates the Election commission, to
conduct elections inter alia to the parliament and the State Legislatures. Having
due regard to the above directions of the Supreme Court and after consultation
with the Political parties the Commission, in the interest of free and fair
elections , hereby directs that political parties and Candidates while releasing
election manifestos for any election to the parliament or State Legislatures, shall
adhere to the following guidelines:-
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(i). The election manifesto shall not contain anything repugnant to the ideals and
principles enshrined in the constitution and further that it shall be consistent
with the letter and spirit of other provisions of Model Code of Conduct.
(ii). The Directive Principles of state policy enshrined in the constitution enjoin
upon the state to frame various welfare measures for the citizens and therefore
there can be no objection to the promise of such welfare measures in election
manifestos. However,
political parties should avoid making those promises which are likely to vitiate
the purity of the election process or exert undue influence on the voters in
exercising their franchise.
(iii) In the interest of transparency, level playing field and credibility of promises,
it is expected that manifestos also reflect the rationale for the promises and.
broadly indicate the ways and means to meet the financial requirements for it.
Trust of voters should be sought only on those promises which are possible to
be fulfilled.
# the Commission added Part VIII on 19th February,2014 following the

Judgment dated 5.7.2013 of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in SLP ( C) No. 21455 of
2008 and TC No. 112 of ?011 -S.Subramaniam Balaji Vs. Govt. of TN& Others.
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Chapter 20 A
MODEL CODE OF CONDUCT FAQs
Q 1. What is the Model Code of Conduct?
Ans. The Model Code of Conduct for guidance of political parties and
candidates is a set of norms which has been evolved with the
consensus of political parties who have consented to abide by the
principles embodied in the said code and also binds them to respect
and observe it in its letter and spirit.
Q 2. What is the need for such a code of conduct?
Ans: It is intended to provide a level playing field for all political parties to
keep the campaign fair and healthy, avoid clashes and conflicts
between parties and ensure peace and order. Its main aim is to ensure
that the ruling party, either at the centre or in the states does not
misuse its official position to gain an unfair advantage in an election.
Similarly effects of money and muscle power are also minimized.
Q 3. What is the role of Election Commission in the matter?
Ans. The Election Commission ensures its observance by political party(ies)
in power, including ruling parties at the Centre and in the States and
contesting candidates in the discharge of its constitutional duties for
conducting the free, fair and peaceful elections to the Parliament and
the State Legislatures under Article 324 of the Constitution of India. It
is also ensured that official machinery for the electoral purposes is not
misused. Further, it is also ensured that electoral offences,
malpractices and corrupt practices such as impersonation, bribing and
inducement of voters, threat and intimidation to the voters are
prevented by all means. In case of violation, appropriate measures are
taken.
Q 4. From which date the Model Code of Conduct is enforced and
operational upto which date?
Ans. The Model Code of Conduct is enforced from the date of
announcement of election schedule by the Election Commission and is
operational till the process of elections are completed.
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Q 5. What is applicability of code during general elections and byeelections?

Ans. a. During general elections to House of People (Lok Sabha), the code
is applicable throughout the country.
b. During general elections to the Legislative Assembly (Vidhan
Sabha), the code is applicable in the entire State.
c. During bye-elections, the code is applicable in the entire district or
districts in which the constituency falls.
Q 6. What are the salient features of the Model Code of Conduct?
Ans. The salient features of the Model Code of Conduct lay down how
political parties, contesting candidates and party(s) in power should
conduct themselves during the process of elections i.e. on their
general conduct during electioneering, holding meetings and
processions, poll day activities and functioning of the party in power
etc.
Q7.
Whether a Minister can combine his official visit with
electioneering work?
Ans. No .The Ministers shall not combine their official visit with
electioneering work and shall not also make use of official machinery
or personnel during the electioneering work.
Q 8. Whether Govt. transport can be used for electioneering work?
Ans. No. No transport including official air-crafts, vehicles etc. shall be
used for furtherance of the interest of any party or a candidate.
Q 9. Whether Govt. can make transfers and postings of officials who
are related to election work?
Ans. There shall be a total ban on the transfer and posting of all
officers/officials directly or indirectly connected with the conduct of
the election. If any transfer or posting of an officer is considered
necessary, prior approval of the Commission shall be obtained.
Q 10. Is there any restriction on issue of advertisement at the cost of
public exchequer regarding achievements with a view to
furthering the prospects of the party in power?
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Ans. Yes .The advertisement regarding achievements of the party at the

cost of public exchequer in the print and electronic media and the
misuse of official mass media during the period of election is
prohibited.
Q 11. Whether hoardings/advertisements etc. depicting the
achievements of the party(s) in power at Centre/State
Governments at the cost of public exchequer can be continued?
Ans. No .All such hoardings, advertisements etc. on display shall be
removed forthwith by the concerned authorities. Further, no
advertisements should be issued in the newspapers and other media
including electronic media at the cost of public exchequer.
Q 12. Whether a Minister or any other authority can sanction grants/
payments out of discretionary funds?
Ans. No . Ministers and other authorities shall not sanction
grants/payments out of discretionary funds from the time elections
are announced
Q 13. What are the main guidelines for political parties/candidates
while making election campaign?
Ans. During the election campaign, no party or candidate shall indulge in
any activity which may aggravate existing differences or create
mutual hatred or cause tension between different castes and
communities, religious or linguistic. Further, criticism of other
political parties, when made, shall be confined to their policies and
programme, past record and work. Parties and candidates shall
refrain from criticism of all aspects of private life, not connected with
the public activities of the leaders or workers of other parties.
Criticism of other parties or their workers based on unverified
allegations or distortion shall be avoided.
Q 14. Are there any restrictions in using religious places for election
propaganda?
Ans. Yes .Religious places like Temple, Mosque, Church, Gurudwara or
other places of worship shall not be used as forum for election
propaganda. Further, there shall be no appeal to caste or communal
feelings for securing votes.
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Q 15. What happens if a candidate or party does not obey the Model
Code of Conduct (MCC)?
Ans: On such incident coming to the notice of the Election Commission,
the matter is examined after seeking inputs from the field. If necessary
notice /s is/are issued affording opportunity to explain ones position. In
case the violation of MCC is found, candidate is censured, warned or
advised to be careful in future. Although MCC has no legal backing, the
ECIs order on MCC has a far reaching impact on prospects of parties &
candidates at an elections.
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Chapter 21
EVM - Electronic Voting Machine
Free and fair elections are central to the democratic ethos of any country.
This includes fair, accurate, and transparent electoral process with outcomes that
can be independently verified. Conventional voting accomplishes many of these
goals. However, electoral malpractices like bogus voting and booth capturing pose
a serious threat to spirit of electoral democracy. It has, thus, been the endeavour
of the Election Commission of India to make reforms in the electoral process to
ensure free and fair elections. EVMs, devised and designed by Election Commission
of India in collaboration with two Public Sector undertakings viz., Bharat
Electronics Limited, Bangalore and Electronics Corporation of India Limited,
Hyderabad, is a major step in this direction.
Electronic Voting Machines ("EVM") are being used in Indian General and State
Elections to implement electronic voting in part from 1999 elections and in total
since 2004 elections. The EVMs reduce the time in both casting a vote and
declaring the results compared to the old paper ballot system. Bogus voting and
booth capturing can be greatly reduced by the use of EVMs. Illiterate people find
EVMs easier than ballot paper system. They are easier to transport the EVMs
compared to ballot boxes. EVM has become the leitmotif of the world's largest
democratic exercise and gets smarter with each avatar. Here is an attempt to
briefly trace the evolution of the EVM and its use in the worlds largest democracy.
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Chronological development of EVM

EVMs were first used in 50 polling stations of Parur Assembly Constituency
of Kerala in May 1982.
These machines could not be used after 1983 after a Supreme Court ruling
that necessitated legal backing for the use of Voting machines in elections.
The law was amended by Parliament in December, 1988 and a new section
61A was inserted in the Representation of the People Act, 1951 empowering
the Commission to use voting machines. The amended provision comes into
force w.e.f. 15th March, 1989.
The matter regarding use of EVMs was referred by the Government of India
to Electoral Reforms Committee, appointed by the Central Government in
February, 1990 consisting of representatives of several recognized National
and State parties.
An Expert Committee was constituted by the Govt. of India, consisting of
Prof. S. Sampath, then Chairman RAC, Defence Research and Development
Organization, with Prof. P.V. Indiresan, then with IIT, Delhi and Dr C. Rao
Kasarabada, the Director Electronics Research and Development Centre,
Trivandrum. In its report, the committee concluded that these machines are
tamper-proof.
On 24th March, 1992, necessary amendment to the Conduct of Elections
Rules, 1961 was notified by the Government in the Ministry of Law and
Justice.
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The Commission again constituted Technical Expert Committee in

December, 2005 comprising Prof. P.V. Indiresan, Prof. D.T. Shahani of IIT
Delhi and Prof. A.K. Agarwala of IIT Delhi to get the new version EVMs
evaluated before finally accepting these machines for actual use in elections.
Subsequently, the Commission has been consulting a group of technical
experts comprising Prof. (Late) P.V. Indiresan (member of the earlier
committee), Prof. D.T. Shahani and Prof. A.K. Agarwala of IIT Delhi, on all
EVM related technical issues. In November, 2010, the Commission has
expanded its Technical Expert Committee by including two more experts,
namely, Prof D.K. Sharma from Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT of
Mumbai and Prof. Rajat Moona from Department of Computer Science and
Engineering, IIT of Kanpur (now Director General, C-DAC).
Since, November 1998, EVMs have been using in each and every
general/bye elections to Parliamentary and Assembly Constituency. In the
General Elections to Lok Sabha 2004 & 2009, EVMs were used in all
Parliamentary Constituencies throughout the country.
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Chapter 22
ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE FAQs
Q 1. What is an Electronic Voting Machine?
A: It is a simple electronic device used to record votes in place of ballot papers
and boxes which were used earlier in conventional voting system.
Q 2. What are the advantages of EVM over the traditional ballot paper/ballot
box system?
A: (a) It eliminates the possibility of invalid and doubtful votes which, in many
cases, are the root causes of controversies and election petitions.
It makes the process of counting of votes much faster than the conventional
system.
( c ) It reduces to a great extent the quantity of paper used thus saving a large
number of trees making the process eco-friendly.
( d) It reduces cost of printing almost nil as only one sheet of ballot paper required
for each Polling Station.
Q 3. Apart from India which are the other countries that use EVMs in
elections?
A: Bhutan used the Indian EVMs for the whole country during their last elections.
These machines were also used by Nepal for some of their constituencies during
the last general elections in the country.
Q 4. When was the EVM introduced in India?
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A: It was first used in 1982 in the bye-election to Parur Assembly Constituency of

Kerala for a limited number of polling stations (50 polling stations).
Q 5. What are the unique features of Indian EVMs?
A: It is a simple machine that can be operated easily by both the polling personnel
and the voters. It is sturdy enough to withstand rough handling and variable
climatic conditions. Being a stand alone machine without any network
connectivity, nobody can interfere with its programming and manipulate the
result. Keeping the erratic power supply position in many places in the country,
the machines have been made to run on batteries.
Q 6. What was the necessity to switch to EVM from ballot paper election?
A: Counting of Ballot papers at an election used to take long hours creating a
charged atmosphere for the counting officials as well as candidates/political
parties. Sometimes this was aggravated further by the demand for recounting
resulting for the low margin of difference of votes between the top 2 candidates
coupled with large number of invalid and doubtful votes.
Q 7. Who manufacture EVMs in India?
A: The two central govt. undertakings i.e. Bharat Electronics Limited and
Electronics Corporation of India Limited are the only manufacturers from whom
the EVMs are procured by the Election Commission of India.
Q 8. Before approving EVM ,whether ECI consulted the political parties?
A : Yes. The matter was discussed with all the recognized political parties and
demonstration held before them.
Q 9. Whether ECI took the advice of technical expert before approving the
EVM?
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A : Yes. Before inducting the EVMs, opinion of the Technical Committee comprising
Prof. S. Sampath, Prof. P.V. Indiresan and Dr. C Rao Kasarbada was obtained. The
Committee examined the machines minutely from all technical angles and
unanimously recommended their use in elections.
Q 10. What are the features of Control Unit?
A: The Control Unit is the main unit which stores all data and controls the
functioning of EVM. The program which controls the functioning of the control unit
is burnt into a micro chip on a one time programmable basis. Once burnt it
cannot be read, copied out or altered. The EVMs use dynamic coding to enhance
security of data transmitted from ballot unit to control unit. The new EVMs have
also got real time clock and date-time stamping facility which enables them to
record the exact time and date whenever a key is pressed. After the voting is
completed and the close button is pressed, the machine does not accept any data
or record any vote. Through the press of total button, the control unit can display
the number of votes recorded till that time which can be cross checked with the
register of voters in Form 17-A. The display system of the control unit shows the
total number of votes polled in a polling station and the candidate-wise votes
polled in the machine when the result button is pressed by the counting staff in
the presence of counting agents at the counting centre. The control unit can also
detect any physical tampering made with the connecting cable and indicate the
same in the display unit.
Q 11. How the EVMs can be used in the areas where there is no electricity?
A: The EVM does not depend on electricity. It runs on alkaline batteries.
Q 12. What is the maximum number of votes which can be cast in the EVM?
A :An EVM can record a maximum of 3840 votes which far exceeds the number of
voters(usually less then 1400) assigned to a polling station.
Q 13. In some elections large number of candidates contest. What is the
maximum number of candidates which EVM can cater to?
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A: Elections can be conducted through EVMs when the maximum number of

candidates does not exceed 64.
Q 14. What will happen if the number of contesting candidate goes beyond
64?
A: In such cases poll has to be conducted through conventional method of ballot
papers/boxes.
Q 15. How an illiterate voter, will know the steps to vote by using EVM at the
polling station? Whose help should he take?
A: The Presiding Officer will have a card-board replica of the ballot unit with him.
Through this he will demonstrate you how to vote through the EVM. He will,
however, not be allowed to enter the polling chamber, where the actual ballot unit
is kept.
Q 16. Can anybody tamper with the EVMs?
A: Utmost care has been taken to make the EVM tamper proof. The programming
of the microprocessor chip used in EVMs is burnt into the chip. The fused program
can neither be altered nor overwritten. Any attempt to burn additional or
substitute code on the chip would destroy its existing program and render it
unusable/useless. As an additional precautionary measure, the machines
prepared for a poll are physically sealed in the presence of candidates or their
agents and kept in secure strong rooms guarded by Central Police Force which can
also be watched by the representatives of the candidates. The storage places for
these pre-poll or polled EVMs can be accessed only by following a stringent
procedure set by the Commission ensuring complete transparency.
Q 17. Whether EVM can be pre-programmed by anybody to favour any party
or candidate?
A: In order to programme a substituted chip to transfer votes preferentially to a
particular candidate, it would be necessary for the program to identify the serial
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number of the favoured candidate. Since the order in which the candidates appear
on the reference ballot paper depends upon the nominations filed and found valid,
it cannot be predicted in advance before the list of contesting candidates is actually
drawn up.
Q 18. What are the procedures ECI follows to ensure transparency and to
prove that EVM is not manipulated by anybody?
A: The Commission has set up stringent procedures at various stages to ensure
the security of the machines. The machines are manufactured only by two public
sector undertakings conforming to the specifications prescribed by the
Commission in consultation with the Technical Committee comprising of
renowned professionals. The machines are checked only by the engineers of the
two PSUs before each election. These are generally stored in Strong rooms in
district headquarters where the entry is restricted. A person is allowed inside the
store only after making necessary entries in the Log Book indicating the date and
time of entry along with purpose for doing so. Once the machines are prepared for
poll by the Returning Officer affixing ballot papers, they are taken to the strong
room in the presence of the Election Observer, candidates or their agents and kept
under double lock on which the candidates/agents can put their seals. The whole
process is also video graphed. The polled EVMs are stored in strong rooms
following similar procedures and are guarded by the security forces in a three tier
cordon. The candidates or their agents are also allowed to keep an watch on the
strong room from a visible distance.
Q 19. What is new procedure called EVM randomization, can I know why
this is being done?
A: Despite the EVMs being tamper proof, further precautions are taken by way of
a two stage randomization process for the EVMs to be used in an election. This is
done to make sure that nobody comes to know beforehand to which constituency/
polling station a specific EVM will be used. For this purpose, serial numbers of all
the EVMs to be used under the jurisdiction of a District Election Officer are listed.
The EVMs which are to be used in a particular constituency is then randomly
selected through a computerized process which is known as first level
randomization. Another randomization called second level randomization is done
by the Returning Officer afterwards to determine which specific EVM will be used
at a particular polling station of that constituency.
382
Q 20. Suppose on the poll day an EVM develops problem, in that case what is
the remedy available?
A: The defective EVM is immediately replaced by a new one by the Sector Officer
who constantly moves with spare polling materials in the area allotted to him
covering a few polling stations.
Q 21. What is a procedure followed to seal the EVM? Why this is being done?
How this is being done?
A: Physical sealing of different segments of an EVM is done to prevent access to the
buttons controlling various process of the poll. This is done in several stages.
Sealing of ballot screen of the ballot unit and the candidate set section of the
control unit are done under the supervision of Returning Officer in the presence of
the candidates or their agents to prevent tampering with the alignment of the
ballot paper and making unwanted changes in the candidate buttons that are
actually required for a particular poll. Similarly , if the result section is not sealed,
any one can see the result of a particular polling station before it is taken up for
counting at the counting center on the specified date. The candidates or their
agents are invited by the election authorities to put their signatures on the
tags/paper seals along with the seals of the Returning/Presiding Officers.
Q 22. After poll, where the EVMs are kept till counting?
A: The polled EVMs are generally stored in a secure storage centre in the
constituency or a nearby place on which the candidates or their representatives
can keep a watch. Mostly it is the same place where the counting is done.
Q 23. How the votes are counted in EVM?
A : In the Counting Centre, the EVMs are kept on a number of counting tables
whose number does not normally exceed 14. Seating arrangements are made for
the counting agents in such a way that they can clearly watch the EVM and its
display. When the result button of an EVM is pressed, its display segment indicates
the total number of votes polled in a particular polling station and then shows the
votes polled by each candidate in a serial order. Besides the counting staff, these
are noted by the counting agents also. At the end of each round, the result of that
round and the progressive total is announced. The result is compiled by summing
up the round wise totals.
383
Q 24. In our country electoral malpractices such as booth capturing etc. are
reported here and there. Whether EVMs are helpful in preventing booth
capturing?
A: There is no way to prevent booth capturing as such if the EVM itself is snatched
away by the booth capturers. However, the machine cannot register more than 5
votes in a minute or 300 votes in an hour whereas a ballot box could be stuffed
with any number of ballot papers. Further, on the sight of the booth- capturers, the
Presiding Officer can stop the polling by pressing the Close button in the Control
unit.
Q 25. Is it possible to use EVM in simultaneous election for Parliament and
State Legislative Assembly?
A: Yes, simultaneous election for Parliamentary and State Legislative Assembly can
be conducted through EVMs. Two separate EVMs one for the Parliamentary
election and the other for the Assembly election are used in such a situation.
Q 26. How long the Control Unit stores the result in its memory?
A: The result is stored permanently in the memory chip of the EVM till it is
intentionally cleared for readying the machine for subsequent elections. Removal
of batteries from the machine does not have any effect on its memory.
Q 27. At the time of counting , suppose a display in EVM is not showing the
result in such case how the result can be verified?
A: The manufacturers of the EVMs have developed an Auxiliary Display Unit (
ADU). With the use of this ADU, results can be retrieved most of the times when
there is a failure of the original display on the Control unit.
Q 28. Is it possible to vote more than once by pressing the button again and
again?
A: No. Once a candidate button is pressed, it will record the vote in favour of the
candidate shown against the button. The machine will not record any more vote
until the ballot button of the Control Unit is pressed again by the Presiding/Polling
Officer.
384
Q 29. Earlier there was a system of mixing ballot papers so that the voting
preference in a particular polling station is not known. Now the EVMs are
counted one by one and the voting preference of a particular polling station
become known to everybody Can anything be done about it?
A: A device called Totaliser has been developed by the manufacturers of the
EVMs which can, at a time, connected with several control units. It will then
indicate the total number of votes polled in each polling station where these EVMs
had been used as well as the grand total of votes polled in those polling stations.
The number of votes polled by each candidate will, however, be shown for the
whole group of polling stations to which the EVMs were used and not for any
individual polling station making it impossible to know the pattern of voting in a
particular polling station.
Q 30. What the world thinks of Indian EVMs?
A : The Indian EVM is a far simpler machine than its counterpart in the USA. Unlike
in USA, our EVM is a standalone machine which cannot be connected to any
network and controlled through network or remote. Its original programme
contained in a burnt chip cannot be altered, making it tamper proof.
Q 31. How can a blind voter vote by using EVM?
A: Like all physically challenged or infirm voters, a blind voter is permitted to take
a companion with him to help him cast the vote. The companion can accompany
him up to the polling compartment. In addition to this, many of the EVMs have
Braille signage on the ballot units indicating the serial number of the candidate.
A dummy ballot paper indicating the names and the serial numbers of the
contesting candidates is provided to the Presiding Officers of selected polling
stations. The Presiding Officer of such polling station will give the dummy ballot
paper to the blind voter on his request. The voter will then note the serial number
of the candidate of his choice and return the dummy ballot paper to the Presiding
Officer before proceeding to the polling compartment. Now, with the help of
Braille signage he will be able to locate the particular serial number of the
candidate on the ballot unit on his own and be able to cast his vote independently.
General Elections, 2004 was the conducted totally by using 10.75 lacs EVMs in the country.
7700 Metric Ton of paper used for printing of ballot paper in General Elections, 1999.
8800 Metric Ton of paper used for printing of ballot paper in General Elections, 1996.
385
386
Chapter 23
VVPAT: Voter-Verified Paper Audit
Trail
Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is a method of providing feedback to
voters using a ballot less voting system. VVPAT is intended as an independent
verification system for electronic voting machines that allows voters to verify that
their votes are cast as intended and can serve as an additional barrier to changing
or destroying votes.
Under VVPAT, a printer-like apparatus is linked to the EVM. When a vote is cast, a
receipt is generated showing the serial number, name and symbol of the candidate.
It confirms the vote and the voter can verify the details. The receipt, once viewed,
goes inside a container linked to the EVM and can only be accessed by the election
officers in rarest of rare cases.
The system allows a voter to challenge his or her vote on basis of the paper receipt
for the first time. As per a new rule, the booth presiding officer will have to record
the dissent of the voter, which would have to be taken into account at time of
counting.
The VVPAT system was not manufactured due to doubts on the EVM, but was part
of the up gradation of the system.
Chronology of events leading to the use of VVPAT
In All Party Meeting held on 4th October 2010, there was a broad consensus
among Political Parties about the continued use of Electronic Voting
Machines and several Political Parties suggested that the possibility of
incorporating a Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail should be explored.
The Election Commission referred the matter to the Expert Committee to
examine the possibility of a paper trail and also directed the manufacturers
i.e. Bharat Electronics Limited, Bangalore (BEL) and Electronics
387
Corporation of India Limited, Hyderabad (ECIL) to develop a prototype of

VVPAT system.
On the recommendation of Technical Experts Committee, a field trail was
conducted in Thiruvananthapuram, Delhi, Jaisalmer, Cherapunjee and Leh
in the month of July 2011 in the presence and participation of all
stakeholders including general voters, national and state political parties,
civil society organizations and media.
After incorporation of the changes recommended after the first field trial , a
second field trial of prototype VVPAT system was held in Delhi,
Thiruvananthapuram, Leh, Jaisalmer and Cherapunjee in July-August, 2012.
The Technical Expert Committee approved the final design of the VVPAT
units in its meeting held on 19th February, 2013.
The Government of India, vide their notification, dated 14th august 2013, has
amended the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961, enabling the Commission to
use VVPAT with electronic voting machines.
For the first time Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) with Electronic
Voting Machines was used for the Noksen Assembly seat in Tuensang
district of Nagaland in September, 2013.
In a ruling in October 2013, the Supreme Court (SC), in the case of
Subramanian Swamy vs Election Commission of India (ECI), has held that
VVPAT (Vote Verifiable Paper Audit Trial) is indispensable for free and fair
elections and thus, directed the ECI to equip Electronic Voting Machines
(EVMs) with VVPAT systems to ensure accuracy of the VVPAT system.
The Supreme Court directed the Election Commission to introduce a paper
trail in EVMs, in a phased manner, for the next general elections in 2014,
saying it will ensure free and fair polls. The apex court also directed the
Centre to provide financial assistance for introducing Vote Verifier Paper
Audit Trail (VVPAT) system.
In pursuance of the Supreme Court order, the Election Commission ordered
to use VVPAT systems in the New Delhi constituency in Delhi Assembly
elections held in 2013. The pilot project e-launched across 186 polling
stations catered to 1,18,596 registered voters.
388
The Election Commission also used Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail
System (VVPAT) system in 10 Assembly constituencies in the 40-member
State Assembly elections to be held in 2013. VVPAT was also introduced in
one constituency each in Delhi (as mentioned above), Madhya Pradesh,
Chhattisgarh and Rajasthan.
The Commission will need about 14 lakh VVPAT machines to introduce the
system in all 543 Lok Sabha constituencies in 2014. However, the
Commission is apprehensive that so many machines can be produced and
tested in such a short duration of time. The Commission feels that covering
all Parliamentary constituencies may not be possible before 2019 General
Elections. The Commission has stated that approximately 1500 crore
Rupees would be required for procuring VVPAT and installing it at all
polling booths across the country.
Photograph showing Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) with

EVM
Sl.No. Name of
State
No. and Name of AC/PC/ Polling

Station
Date of Poll Manufacture

r
During bye- election to Nagaland Legislative Assembly, 2013 VVPAT used in the
following AC
1.
Nagaland
51-Noksen (ST) AC (Byeelection)
21
4/9/2013
BEL& ECIL
389
During General Election to Mizoram Legislative Assembly, 2013 VVPAT used in the
following ACs
2.
Mizoram
1. 10-Aizawl North-I (ST)
25/11/201
3
2. 11-Aizwal North-II
(ST)
ECIL
3. 12-Aizwal North-III
(ST)
4. 13-Aizwal East-I
5. 14-Aizwal East-II (ST)
6. 15-Aizwal West-I (ST)
7. 16-Aizwal West-II (ST)
8. 17-Aizwal West-III
(ST)
9. 18-Aizwal South-I (ST)
10. 19-Aizawl South-II
(ST)
During General Election to NCT of Delhi Legislative Assembly, 2013 VVPAT used in
the following AC
3.
NCT of Delhi 40-New Delhi AC
4/12/2013
BEL
During General Election to Lok Sabha, 2014 VVPAT used in the following PCs
4.
Mizoram
385 Polling Stations of

1-Mizoram PC
385
11/4/ 2014
BEL
5.
Bihar
30- Patna Sahib PC
1746
17/4/2014
BEL
6.
Karnataka
26- Bangalore PC
1926
17/4/2014
BEL
7.
Chhattisgarh
8- Raipur PC
2204
24/4/2014
ECIL
Tamil Nadu
4- Chennai Central PC
1153
24/4/2014
BEL
Gujarat
6- Gandhinagar PC
1770
30/4/2014
BEL
10.
Uttar Pradesh
35- Lucknow PC
1728
30/4/ 2014
ECIL
11.
West Bengal
22- Jadavpur PC
1959
12/5/2014
ECIL
During General Election to Maharashtra Legislative Assembly, 2014 VVPAT used in the
following ACs in September-October, 2014
390
12.
Maharashtra
38-Amravati AC
245
42-Achalpur AC
290
47-Wardha
332
61-Bhandara (SC)
429
71-Chandrapur (SC)
336
78-Yavatmal
387
107-Aurangabad
Central
258
108- Aurangabad West

(SC)
274
109- Aurangabad East
250
123-Nashik East
313
124-Nashik Central
279
125-Nashik West
290
225-Ahmednagar City
259
15/10/201
4
ECIL
During General Election to Haryana Legislative Assembly, 2014 VVPAT used in the
following ACs
13
Haryana
13-Thanesar AC
161
21-Karnal AC
170
25-Panipat City AC
168
31-Sonipat AC
144
62-Rohtak AC
145
77-Gurgaon AC
171
15/10/201
4
BEL
During General Election to Jharkhand Legislative Assembly, 2014 VVPAT used in the
following ACs
14.
Jharkhand
36-Bokaro AC
566
14/12/201
4
40-Dhanbad AC
424
14/12/201
4
48-Jamshedpur East AC
262
2/12/2014
49-Jameshdpur West
AC
290
2/12/2014
BEL
391
63-Ranchi AC
364
9/12/2014
64-Hatiya AC
434
9/12/2014
65-Karke (SC) AC
388
9/12/2014
During General Election to Jammu & Kashmir Legislative Assembly, 2014 VVPAT
used in the following ACs
15.
J&K
71-Gandhi Nagar
172
72-Jammu East
82
73-Jammu West
171
20/12/201
4
BEL
During General Election to NCT of Delhi Legislative Assembly, 2015, held in JanuaryFebruary, VVPAT used in the following ACs
16.
NCT of Delhi
38-Delhi Cant.
150
40-New Delhi
220
7/2/2015
BEL
392
Chapter 24
NOTA-None of the Above
For the first time EVMs have a button for NOTA- none of the above option for
the electorate to reject all the candidates if they want. Following a Supreme Court
order directing the Election Commission to make provision for electors to exercise
their right not to vote without violation of the secrecy of their decision, the Election
Commission has ordered the Chief Electoral Officers of all States and Union
territories to provide for None of the Above (NOTA) option in electronic voting
machines (EVMs) and ballot papers. The Commission clarified that even in the
extreme case of NOTA option poling more votes than any of the candidates in fray,
the candidate polling the maximum number of votes will be declared the winner.
This means, the NOTA will have no impact on the outcome of the polls. Instead of
absentees not choosing to vote, there would be voters casting their vote for
rejection.
Supreme Court, in its judgment dated 27th September 2013 in WP (C) No. 161 of
2004, (People's Union for Civil Liberties and another Vs. the Union of India and
another) has directed the Election Commission to make necessary provision in the
ballot papers/EVMs and provide a button for 'None of the Above' (NOTA) in EVMs
so that the voters who come to the polling booth and decide not to vote for any of
the candidates in the fray, are able to exercise their right not to vote while
maintaining their right of secrecy. The court also held that the provisions of Rule
49-O* under which one not wishing to vote for any candidate had to inform the
Presiding Officer about ones decision, are ultra vires Article 19 of the Constitution
[protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech] and Section 128
[maintenance of secrecy of voting] of the Representation of the People Act, 1951.
The rationale behind this position was that under the pre -existing system of
implementation of the provisions of Rule 49-O, the principle of secrecy was
violated.
Earlier since the ballot paper or electronic voting machine (EVM) showed only the
list of candidates, a voter could record his vote under Section 49-O directly, but
had to inform the presiding officer at the election booth. This violated the secrecy
of his ballot. However, with paper ballot one could "waste" one's vote by stamping
on multiple candidates; this was the standard method of giving null votes without
violating secrecy before the advent of the EVM.
393
At present, in an election, a winner will be declared irrespective of the number of

'non-votes'. However, a note of all 'non-votes' will be noted by the Returning
Officer at the time of counting of votes, and seek total number of non-voters will
be available under the Right to Information Act.
In accordance with the order of the Supreme Court "None of the Above (NOTA)
option shall be printed in a separate panel on the ballot paper below the name of
the last contesting candidate. This ballot paper shall be affixed on the Ballot Unit
of the EVM. These words shall be written in the same language or languages as
used in the case of names of candidates. The size of the panel for None of the
Above shall be the same as for the candidates. If the voter presses the button next
to "None of the Above" his desire not to vote for any of the candidates in the fray
will get recorded in the EVM in secrecy. Commission has made appropriate
changes in Part-II of Form 17C used during counting and the result sheet in Form
20 to separately compile the number of persons who used the option not to vote
for any of the candidates in the fray. Election Commission of India has already
issued detailed instructions to ensure compliance with the order of the Court.
The Election Commission has directed that the None of the Above (NOTA) option
to be included in the EVMs/ballot papers (in some cases) for the electors to reject
the candidates, if they wish, would be printed in pink for the Assembly poll and in
white for the Parliamentary election.
Chhattisgarh was the first state to exercise the newly introduced None of the
Above (NOTA) option in the elections in the entire country. The Commission also
implemented the NOTA option in the recently held elections in the other four
states of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Mizoram, and Delhi.
* 49-O: Elector deciding not to voteIf an elector, after his electoral roll number
has been duly entered in the register of voters in Form 17A and has put his
signature or thumb impression thereon as required under sub-rule (1) of rule 49L,
decided not to record his vote, a remark to this effect shall be made against the
said entry in Form 17A by the presiding officer and the signature or thumb
impression of the elector shall be obtained against such remark.
Significance of NOTA
The purpose of including a NOTA Button on the EVMs is to maintain the secrecy of
vote.
394
Before the introduction of the EVMs in 1998 people exercised the option of nonvoting in secrecy by simply putting a blank ballot slip in the ballot box. This secrecy
was lost with the introduction of the EVMs as the voter who chose not to vote for
any of the contesting candidates, had to inform the presiding officer about the
same.
It is the recognition of the right of a voter to a negative vote (even though it will
not change the outcome of an election) as a part of freedom of expression and the
right ensured in article 21.
It will encourage voter participation and will help fight voter apathy.
It will put pressure on the political party to nominate sound candidates, not the
dubious or the tainted ones.
It will give voice to the disillusioned electorate.
It will help reflect and influence the public opinion that can usher change in the
long term for strengthening of our democracy.
Interesting facts about NOTA:
India has become the 12th country to introduce NOTA or a similar option in its
electoral proceedings.
Other countries which provide this option are: France, Belgium, Greece, Brazil,
and Bangladesh.
NOTA is not right to reject; but will let the disillusioned voters be heard.
395
Chapter 25
ELECTION PROCESS - FAQs
[A]
WHO CAN CONTEST ELECTIONS?
Q 1.
What is the minimum age for becoming a candidate for Lok Sabha
(House of People) or Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) election?
Ans. Not less than Twenty Five Years of age on the date of scrutiny of nomination
papers.
(Refer: Article 84 (b) of Constitution of India and Article 173 (b) of the
Constitution read with Sec. 36 (2) of the Representation of People Act,
1951).
Q 2.
I am not registered as a voter in any constituency. Can I contest

election?
Ans. No.
You have to be registered as a voter in the current electoral roll to contest
election.
(Refer: Sec. 4 (d) and Section 5 (c) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 3.
I am registered as a voter in a particular State. Can I contest election

for Lok Sabha (House of the People) from outside that State?
Ans. Yes.
You can contest election from any constituency in the Country, except
autonomous Districts of Assam, Lakshadweep and Sikkim
(Refer: Sec. 4 of the Representation of People Act, 1951).
396
Q 4.
A person is a member of Schedule Caste in a particular State. Can he

contest election from any other State for Lok Sabha (House of People)
from a seat reserved for Scheduled Castes?
Ans. Yes
He can contest election from any other State from a seat reserved for
Scheduled Castes.
Q 5.
A person is a member of Schedule Tribe in a particular State. Can he

contest election from any other State for Lok Sabha (House of People)
from a seat reserved for Scheduled Tribes?
Ans. Yes
He can contest election from any other State from a seat reserved for
Scheduled Tribes except Lakshadweep, other than those in autonomous
Districts of Assam and excluding the tribal areas of Assam.
Q 6.
A person is an elector in a particular State. Can he contest election for

a seat in the Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) of any other State?
Ans. No. (Refer: Sec. 5 of the Representation of People Act, 1951)

Q 7.
A person is a member of Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes

community. Can he contest an election from a general constituency?
Ans. Yes.
(Refer: Sec. 4 & 5 of the Representation of People Act, 1951)
Q 8.
A person is convicted for some offence and is sentenced to

imprisonment for 2 years. Can he contest elections?
397
Ans. No.
(Refer: Section 8 (3) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 9.
Supposing such person is on bail, pending disposal of his appeal, can

he contest the election?
Ans. No.
Even if a person is on bail, after the conviction and his appeal is pending for
disposal, he is disqualified from contesting an election as per Supreme
Courts decision. But if his conviction is also stayed, then he can contest.
Q 10. Can a person confined in Jail vote in an election?
Ans. No.
Such person cannot vote at any election if he is confined in a prison, whether
under a sentence of imprisonment or transportation or otherwise, or is in
the lawful custody of the police.
(Refer: Section 62(5) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951).
Q 11. Is a person subjected to preventive detention under any law entitled
to vote in an election?
Ans. Yes.
He is entitled to vote by Postal Ballot paper.
(Refer: Proviso to Section 62(5) of the Representation of the People Act,
1951 and Rule 18 (a) (iv) of Conduct of Elections Rules 1961).
[B]
SECURITY DEPOSIT
Q 12. Every candidate is required to make security deposit. How much is the
security deposit for Lok Sabha (House of People) election?
Ans. Rs. Twenty Five Thousands.
(Refer Sec. 34 (1) (a) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
398
Q 13. Is there any concession in security deposit for a candidate belonging

to Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe for Lok Sabha (House of People)
election?
Ans. Yes.
It is Rs. Twelve thousand Five Hundred.
(Refer Sec. 34 (1) (a) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 14. How much is the security deposit for a Vidhan Sabha (Legislative
Assembly) election?
Ans. Rupees Ten Thousands.
(Refer Sec. 34 (1) (b) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 15. Is there any concession in security deposit for a candidate belonging
to Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe for Vidhan Sabha (Legislative
Assembly) election?
Ans. Yes.
It is Rs. Five Thousands.
(Refer Sec. 34 (1) (b) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 16. If a person, who is a member of Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes
contests election from general seat, how much security deposit he is
required to make to contest election for Lok Sabha (House of the
People) / Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly)?
Ans. Rs. Twelve thousand Five Hundred for Lok Sabha / Rs. Five Thousands for
Vidhan Sabha.
(Refer Section 34 (1) (a) (b) of Representation of People Act 1951).
Q 17. Which candidates lose the deposit?
399
Ans. A defeated candidate who fails to secure more than one-sixth of the valid
votes polled in the constituency will lose his security deposit
(Refer: section 158(4) of Representation of People Act. 1951).
[C]
NOMINATIONS
Q 18. Suppose, I am a candidate of a recognised National or State party, how

many proposers I require for my nomination?
Ans. Only one.
(Refer: Sec. 33 (1) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 19. If I am an independent candidate or a candidate of registered
unrecognized Political Party, how many proposers I require for
nomination?
Ans. Ten.
(Refer: Proviso to Sec. 33(1) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 20. Can a person contest election to Lok Sabha (House of People)/Vidhan
Sabha (Legislative Assembly) from as many constituencies as he likes?
Ans. No.
A person cannot contest from more than two constituencies at a general
election for Lok Sabha (House of People)/Vidhan Sabha (Legislative
Assembly)
Q 21. Whether same restriction applies in relation to bye-elections to any
House held simultaneously?
Ans. Yes.
You cannot contest more than two bye-elections to the same House, if called
simultaneously by the Election Commission.
400

Q 22. How many nomination papers can be filed for standing as a candidate
in the same Constitutency?
Ans. Four.
(Refer: Proviso to section 33 (6) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 23. Can I go to the Office of Returning Officer for filing a nomination with
a procession?
Ans. No.
The maximum number of vehicles that will be allowed to come within the
periphery of 100 mtrs. of Returning Officers office has been restricted to 3
and maximum number of persons that will be allowed to enter the office of
Returning Officer has been limited to 5 (including the candidate).
Q 24. How many persons are allowed at the time of scrutiny of nominations
by the Returning Officer?
Ans. The candidate, his election agent, one Proposer and one other person (who
can be an advocate) duly authorized in writing by the candidate, but no
other person, may attend at the time fixed for scrutiny of nominations by
Returning Officer.
(Refer: Sec. 36 (1) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 25. If a candidate, to whose nomination paper an objection has been
raised, applies for time to rebut such objection, can Returning Officer
grant time for such candidate?
Ans. Yes.
The Returning Officer may adjourn the hearing of the objection till the next
day or the day after that but not beyond 11.00 a.m. on that day. The hearing
401
in any case should be completed by Returning Officer well before 3.00 p.m.
on the day fixed for withdrawal of candidatures.
[D]
OATH OR AFFIRMATION
Q 26. Is it necessary for a candidate to make and subscribe an oath or

affirmation before an officer authorized by the Election Commission?
Ans. Yes.
(Refer: Article 84 (a) or Article 173 (a) of the Constitution, Section 4(a) of
Govt. of Union Territory Act, 1963 or section 4(a) Govt. of National Territory
of Delhi Act, 1991).
Q 27. Who are authorized persons by the Election Commission before whom
to make and subscribe an oath or affirmation?
Ans. For any particular election, the authorized persons are, principally, the
Returning Officer and the Assistant Returning Officer for the constituency.
In the case of a candidate confined in a prison or under preventive
detention, the superintendent of the prison or commandant of the detention
camp in which he is so confined or is under such detention is authorized to
administer the oath. And in the case of a candidate confined to bed in a
hospital or elsewhere owing to illness or any other cause, the medical
superintendent in charge of the hospital or the medical practitioner
attending on him is similarly authorized. If a candidate is outside India,
Indian Ambassador or High Commissioner or diplomatic consular
authorized by him can also administer oath/affirmation.
Q 28. When the oath or affirmation by the candidate is required to be made?
Ans. The candidate, in person, is required to make the oath or affirmation
immediately after presenting his nomination papers and in any case not
later than the day previous to the date of the scrutiny.
402
[E]
ALLOTMENT OF ELECTION SYMBOLS
Q 29. Who allots the election symbols to contesting candidates?

Ans. Returning Officer.
(Refer: The Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968).
Q 30. How reserved election symbol is allotted to candidate of a recognized
National or State Party?
Ans. For allotment of reserve symbol, the candidate has to declare in his
nomination form that he has been setup by the concerned recognized party
and has to submit prescribed declaration in Form B from the authorized
office bearer of the party to the effect that he has been setup by that party.
The declaration in Form B should be duly signed by the office bearer of the
Party whose specimen signatures have been communicated in FormA
subject to condition that both the Forms have been delivered to Chief
Electoral Officer of the State and Returning Officer before 3 P.M on the last
date of making nominations.
(Refer: Paras 8 and 13 the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment)
Order, 1968).
Q 31. Can a candidate deliver the declaration in Form A and Form B with
facsimile signature or signature by means of rubber stamp etc. of the
office bearer of the political party?
Ans.
No.
Form A & Form B must bear the signatures in ink of authorized office bearer
of the political party.
(Refer: Para 13 the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order,
1968).
Q 32. Can a candidate sponsored by a registered unrecognized political

party or a candidate contesting as independent choose any one of the
free symbols specified in the list of free symbols?
403
Ans. Yes.
For the purpose, such candidate may choose 3 free symbols from the list, in
order of preference and mention the same in his nomination paper.
(Refer: Para 12 of the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order,
1968).
Q 33. Is it necessary for a candidate sponsored by registered unrecognized
political party to submit the Forms A & B to the Chief Electoral Officer
of the State and Returning Officer?
Ans. Yes.
(Refer: Para 13 of the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order,
1968).
[F]
ELECTION CAMPAIGN
Q 34. Whether there is any restriction for plying of vehicles for

electioneering purposes?
Ans. No.
You can ply any number of vehicles (all mechanized/motorized vehicles
including 2 wheelers) for the purpose but you have to seek prior approval
of the Returning Officer for plying such vehicles and must display permit
issued by Returning Officer in original (not photocopy) prominently on the
windscreen of the Vehicle. The permit must bear the number of the vehicle
and name of the candidate in whose favour it is issued. The expenditure
incurred on this will be booked against you.
Q 35. Can a vehicle be used for electioneering purposes without getting
permit from the District Election Officer/Returning Officer?
Ans. No.
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Such vehicle shall be deemed to be unauthorized by campaigning for the

candidate and may attract penal provisions of Chapter IX A of the Indian
Penal Code and shall therefore be immediately out of the campaigning
exercise.
Q 36. Is there any restriction for displaying/carrying poster/ placard/
banner/flag of the concerned party or of the candidate on the vehicle
during the procession?
Ans. You may display /carry one poster/placard/banner/flag of your party/or
your own on vehicle during the procession.
Q 37. Is external fitting/modification allowed in the Vehicles used for
campaigning?
Ans. External modification of vehicles including fitting of Loudspeaker thereon,
would be subject to the provisions of the Motor Vehicles Act/Rules and any
other Local Act/Rules. Vehicles with modifications and special campaign
vehicles like Video Rath etc., can be used only after obtaining the requisite
permission from the competent authorities under the Motor Vehicles Act.
Q 38. Are there conditions/guidelines for setting up and operating of
Temporary Offices by Party or candidate?
Ans. Yes.
Such offices can not be opened by way of any encroachment either on public
or private property/ in any religious places or campus of such religious
places/ contiguous to any educational institution / hospital / within 200
meters of an existing polling station. Further, such offices can display only
one party flag and banner with party symbol/photographs and the size of
the banner used in such offices should not exceed 4 feet X 8 feet subject to
the further condition that if the local laws prescribe a lower size for banner
/ hoarding etc., then the lower size prescribed by local law shall prevail.
405
Q 39.
What is the deadline after which no public meetings and

processions can be taken out?
Ans. You cannot hold public meetings and processions during the period of 48
hours ending with the hour fixed for the conclusion of poll. Suppose, poll
day is 12th June 2014 (Thursday) and hours of poll are from 8.00A.M to 5.00
P.M., the public meetings and processions shall be closed at 5.00 P.M on the
10th June 2014 (Tuesday).
(Refer: Sec. 126 of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 40. Is there any restriction on the presence of political functionaries in a
constituency after campaign period is over?
Ans. Yes.
After the closure of campaign period (mentioned in answer to Q.6 above),
presence of political functionaries etc. who have been brought from outside
the constituency and who are not voters of the constituency should not
continue to remain present in the constituency. Such functionaries should
leave the constituency immediately after campaign period is over.
Q 41. Is such restriction applicable in the case of office bearer who is incharge of election of a political party in the State?
Ans. Yes.
However, such restriction is not insisted upon during the general elections
to Lok Sabha/State Assembly only in respect of the office bearer who is incharge of the State during the election period. Such office bearer shall
declare his place of stay in the State Headquarters and his movement during
the period in question shall remain confined normally between his party
office and place of his stay. The above restrictions will be applicable to all
other functionaries in all elections.
Q 42. Are there any arrangements for videography of critical events during
the election process?
406
Ans. Yes.
Video Teams are formed in constituency to record and videotape critical
events like meetings addressed/attended by Ministers, National/State level
leaders of political parties, violent incidents, etc.
Q 43. Is wearing of special accessories like cap, mask, scarf etc. permitted
during the campaigning?
Ans. Yes.
However supply and distribution of main apparels like saree, shirt, etc. by
party/candidate is not permitted as it may amount to bribery of voters.
[G]
POLL DAY
Q 44. Is there any facility provided to voters for locating their names in the
electoral roll if a political party cannot set up or not willing to set up a
booth in an area?
Ans
Yes.
A Voter Assistance Booth is set up in premises/building location where
three or more polling stations are located with a proper signage manned by
a team of officials who are provided with lists of roll in alphabetical order to
assist the voters for locating their sl. no. in the roll and polling station. If
political party inform of their inability in advance, the District Election
Officer may consider making such arrangement in other areas too.
Q 45. Are there any guidelines for setting up of election booth by

candidate/political parties near polling station on the day of poll?
Ans. Election booth can be set up beyond a distance of 200 meters from the
polling stations, only with 1 table and 2 chairs with an umbrella or a piece
of tarpaulin or cloth to protect the two occupants with one banner (3 x 41/2
feet) to display the name of the candidate/ party / election symbol at the
booth. No crowed is allowed.
407
Q 46. Is it necessary to obtain written permission of the concerned

Government authorities or local authorities for setting up of election
booth?
Ans. Yes.
It is necessary to obtain the written permission of the concerned
Government authorities or local authorities before setting up of such
booths. Written permission must be available with the persons manning the
booth for production before the police/ election authorities concerned on
demand.
Q 47. Is there any restriction on the printing of pamphlets, posters etc?
Ans
Yes.
You shall not print or publish, or cause to be printed or published names of
any election pamphlet or poster which does not bear on its face and
addresses of the printer and the publisher thereof.
(Refer: Section 127A of Representation of 1951).
Q 48. Is there any restriction of canvassing in or near polling station?

Ans. Yes.
Canvassing for votes etc. within a distance of one hundred metres of polling
station is prohibited on the day of poll.
(Refer: Section 130 of Representation of 1951).
Q 49. Is there any restriction of going armed to or near polling station?
Ans. Yes.
No person is allowed to go armed with arms as defined in Arms Act 1959 of
any kind within the neighborhood of a polling station on the day of poll.
(Refer: Section 134B of Representation of 1951).
408
Q 50. Who is entitled for voting through Postal ballot system?

Ans. Special voters, service voters, voters on election duty and electors subjected
to preventive detention are entitled to vote by post subject to their fulfilling
the requirements specified under the Rules.
(Refer: Rule 18 of Conduct of Elections Rules, 1961).
Q 51. Who can exercise Proxy Voting?
Ans.
As an alternative option to postal ballot, service voters belonging to the

Armed Forces and members belonging to a Force to which provisions of the
Army Act applies, have been provided with a facility to opt to vote either
through proxy or through postal ballot papers.
(Refer: Section 60 of Representation of People Act, 1951).
[H]
MICRO OBSERVERS
Q 52. What is the concept of Micro Observer?

Ans. An officer/official of Central Govt./ Public Sector undertakings of Central
Govt. working in the district is deployed as a Micro Observer at a polling
station or a group of polling stations located in a premises/building who
works directly under the control and supervision of Observer of Election
Commission of India.
Q 53. What is the criterion for deployment of Micro Observers?
Ans. Polling stations are short listed for the purpose on the basis of various
factors which contribute to vulnerability of voters.
Q 54. What are the duties of Micro Observer on the poll day?
Ans. The duties of Micro Observer are mainly to watch the following aspects:-
409
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
Mock poll procedures,

Presence of polling agents and observance of ECI instructions
with regard to them,
Observance of entry pass system and access to polling station,
Proper identification of electors in accordance with ECI
guidelines,
Identification and recording procedures for the absentee, shifted
and duplicate voters list (ASD list), wherever made,
Application of Indelible Ink,
Noting down particulars of electors in the register in Form 17A,
Maintenance of secrecy of voting,
Conduct of polling agents, their complaints,
If the Micro observer feels that the poll is, for any reason being vitiated
he will immediately bring it to the notice of the constituency Observer
for taking remedial action.
[I]
ELECTION EXPENDITURE
Q 55.
Is a candidate free to spend as much as he likes on his election?
Ans. No.
A candidate is not free to spend as much as he likes on his election. The law
prescribes that the total election expenditure shall not exceed the
prescribed maximum limit for the constituency concerned.
(Refer: Rule 90 of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961 and Section 123 (6)
of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 56.
What is the limit for election expenditure in a parliamentary

constituency in bigger states, like, UP, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, M.P?
Ans. The limit for election expenditure is revised from time to time. At present
the limit of expenditure for a parliamentary constituency in bigger states
like U. P, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh is Rs. 40 lakhs.
(Refer: Rule 90 of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961).
410
Q 57. What is the limit of such expenditure for an Assembly Constituency in

these bigger States?
Ans. At present, the limit of election expenditure for an assembly constituency in
the above bigger states is Rs. 16 lakhs.
Q 58. Are these limits uniform for all States? If not, can you tell the lowest
limit for a Parliamentary Constituency at present?
Ans. No.
The maximum limits of election expenditure varies from State to State. The
lowest limit at present for a parliamentary constituency is Rs. 16 lakhs for
the constituency of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu and
Lakshadweep.
Q 59.
Are the candidates required to file any account of election

expenses?
Ans. Yes.
Every candidate at an election to the House of the People or State Legislative
Assembly is required to keep, either by himself or by his election agent, a
separate and correct account of all expenditure in connection with the
election incurred or authorized by him or his election agent between the
date on which he has been nominated and the date of declaration of result,
both dates inclusive. Every contesting candidate has to lodge a true copy of
the said account within 30 days of result of the election.
(Refer : Sections 77 & 78 of the Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 60.
Who is the authority before whom such account is to be lodged?
Ans. The account of election expenses shall be lodged by a contesting candidate

with the District Election Officer of the district in which the constituency
from which he contested lies.
(Refer : Section 78 of the Representation of People Act, 1951).
411
Q 61.
If a candidate is contesting from more than one constituency, is

he required to file separate accounts or only one consolidated
account?
Ans. If a candidate is contesting from more than one constituency, he has to lodge
a separate return of election expenses for every election which he has
contested. The election for each constituency is a separate election.
(Refer : Section 77 of the Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 62.
What is the penalty if a candidate does not file his account of

election expenses?
Ans. If the Election Commission is satisfied that a person has failed to lodge an
account of election expenses within the time and in the manner required by
or under the Representation of People Act,1951 and he has no good reason
or justification for the failure, it has the power to disqualify him for a period
of 3 years for being chosen as, and for being, a member of either House of
Parliament or the Legislative Assembly or Legislative Council of a State.
(Refer : Section 10A of the Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 63.
Whether expenditure on travel incurred by Star Campaigners

(leaders ) of political party for propagating programme of that party
shall be treated as expenditure incurred/authorized by a candidate of
that party? If so, what are the conditions?
Ans. Only in the case of expenditure on travel in respect of Star Campaigners

(leaders) of the Political Party who have submitted the list of such leaders
(40 in the case of National and State parties and 20 in the case of registered
unrecognized party) within 7 days from the date of issue of notification to
the Election Commission and Chief Electoral Officer of the State concerned
for availing benefit is exempted, failing which such expenditure shall be
treated as an expenditure incurred/authorized by the concerned candidate
of that party.
(Refer: Clause (a) of Explanation 1 to Section 77 of the Representation of
People Act, 1951).
412
Q 64. Whether a person who is not a member of the party can be nominated
as a Star Campaigner (Leader) of the Party for the purpose?
Ans. No.
(Refer: Section 77(1) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 65. Can the name of a Star Campaigner(s) be allowed to be substituted
from the list of Star Campaigners (leaders) after it is submitted to the
Commission?
Ans. No.
Substituting a name from the list is permitted under the law only where any
of the persons mentioned in the list dies or ceases to be a member of the
political party concerned and not otherwise.
(Refer : Explanation 2 to Section 77(1) of Representation of People Act,
1951).
Q 66. Whether a candidate who has been declared as a Star Campaigner
(leader) by a political party can be considered to be a Star Campaigner
(leader) of his political party in his own constituency from where he is
contesting election for the purpose of explanation to Section 77 (1) of
Representation of People Act, 1951?
Ans. No.
Such leader cannot be considered Star Campaigner (leader) of his political
party in his own constituency. In his own constituency, he is a candidate
first. The expenditure incurred by him within his constituency is to be
booked against his election expenditure.
Q 67.
Can a friend of a candidate incur expenditure for promoting his

election without his approval?
Ans. Expenditure exceeding the amount of Rs.10/- incurred for promoting of

election without approval of the candidate is punishable.
413
(Refer: Section 171H of Indian Penal Code).

Q 68. Suppose an expenditure is incurred by a friend with the approval of
candidate for promoting his election, is such expenditure to be booked
against the accounts of candidate?
Ans. Yes.
(Refer: Section 77 of Representation of People Act, 1951).
414
Chapter 26
VOTERS ENROLLMENT PROCESSFAQs
Q 1. Who is eligible for enrollment as a Voter?
Ans. (a) Every Citizen who is 18 years old on the qualifying date (1st January of
the concerned year, unless disqualified is eligible to be enrolled).
(b) Enrolment only at ordinary place of residence.
(c) Enrolment only at one place.
(d) Overseas Indian deemed to be ordinarily resident at address given in
passport.
(e) Service Voters deemed to be ordinarily resident at their home address.
Q 2. Who is disqualified to become voter?
Ans. Only persons who are of unsound mind and have been declared so by a
competent court or disqualified due to Corrupt Practices or offences relating
to elections are not entitled to be registered in the electoral rolls.
Q 3. Which is the relevant date for determining the age qualification of 18
years?
Ans. According to Section 14 (b) of the R. P. Act, 1950, the qualifying date means
the first
day of January of the year in which the electoral roll is prepared or
revised.
Q 4. Suppose you have completed 18 years of age today. Can you get yourself
registered as voter?
415
Ans: No. You can get yourself registered as Voter only on Ist January or thereafter
of the year in which the electoral roll is prepared or revised.
Q 5. What proof of residence do I need to show to get enrolled as a voter?
Ans: You can show any proof of residence like passport, bank pass book, driving
license etc. Or any govt. Document to facilitate the work of registration.
Q 6. Can a non Citizen of India become a voter?
Ans: No. A person who is not a citizen of India cannot be registered as a voter.
Article 326 of the Constitution read with Sec. 16 of R. P. Act, 1950 clarify the
point.
Q 7. Can a non resident Indian Citizen become a voter?
Ans:
Yes, according to the provisions of the Representation of the People

(Amendment) Act, 2010, a person who is a citizen of India and who has not
acquired the citizenship of any other country and is otherwise eligible to be
registered as a voter and who is absenting from his place of ordinary
residence in India owing to his employment, education or otherwise is
eligible to be registered as a voter in the constituency in which his place of
residence in India as mentioned in his passport is located.
Q 8. If I am working and living in Delhi, Can I be a voter in my native village?

Ans. No. If you are working in Delhi and residing there, you are an ordinary
resident of Delhi in terms of Sec 19 (b). Therefore you can be enrolled at Delhi
only and not in your native village.
Q 9. Can one be enrolled at more than one place?
Ans. No. A person cannot be enrolled as a voter in more than one place in the same
constituency or in more than one constituency in view of the provisions
contained under Sec. 17 and 18 of R. P. Act, 1950.
Q 10. How Can I enroll/ register as a new voter and get Voter ID Card? What
are various modes available to an eligible voter for an enrollment?
416
Ans. You have to submit a filled in Form - 6 and submit it to the Electoral
Registration Officer (ERO) of the Assembly Constituency and your name will
be included in the electoral roll as a voter. There are various ways to submit
Form-6. These are as follows:
1. Online Application:
Step 1. Log on to www.eci.nic.in or www.ceodelhi.gov.in, or respective
states Chief Electoral Officer (CEOs) websites where new voter
ordinarily resides . Click on tab Online Voter Registration
Step 2. Sign up to obtain a user name and password.
Step 3. Upload one passport size colour photo in the space mentioned
(Mandatory).
Step 4. Upload the proof of residence and age (optional). In case you are
unable to upload, the Booth Level Officer (BLO) may also collect the
documents from your house.
2. By Post:
Step 1. Download Form-6 from www.eci.nic.in or respective states CEOs
websites. Fill it and attach documents.
Step 2. Post it to the voters centre of your constituency.
3. Deliver By Hand :
Step 1. Download Form-6 from www.eci.nic.in or respective states CEOs
websites. Fill it and attach necessary documents.
Step 2. Give the completed form to the Voters Registration Centre of your
constituency or to the BLO.
Q 11. How I can get correction in names / other details that have been
misspelt in the Electoral Roll or Voter ID Card?
Ans. Such mistakes are usually in respect of age, spelling of name and address etc.
(a) Please fill in Form-8 along with proof of the correct information. For
example, for getting age corrected, please attach proof of age such as School
Board Examination Result Certificate. For proving correct residence, please
give
proof
of
residence
etc.
(b) In case the mistake has been due to an error on the part of the Election
Officials then the correction will be made free of cost. In case you are
responsible for the mistake in the first place such as by entering incorrect
information, then you need to pay Rs.25/- in cash at your voters registration
417
centre for receiving the corrected Voter Identity Card (EPIC). Please
remember to take the receipt for the amount paid by you.
Q 12. How can a Non resident Indian citizen get registered / enrolled as
Voter?
Ans. He/she has to file the application for the purpose in prescribed Form 6A
before the Electoral Registration Officer (ERO) of the constituency within
which the place of ordinary residence of the applicant in India as given in
his/her valid passport falls. The application can be presented in person
before the ERO or sent by post addressed to the ERO concerned. If the
application is sent by post it must be accompanied by duly self attested copy
of the passport and all relevant documents mentioned in Form 6A.
Q 13. How Can You check your name in electoral roll?
Ans.
Go to the Home page of website of the respective State CEOs and click on
tab Check your Name in the Voters list OR use SMS facility for checking
your details Type EPIC<SPACE>Voter ID No and sent to 9211728082.
Q 14. How Can You find status of your application for enrolment?
Ans. Go to the Home page of website of the respective State CEOs and click on tab
Know the Status of Your application for enrolment.
Q 15. I have shifted my residence recently. I have photo epic card with the
old address. Can I get new epic card for the present address?
Ans. In case you are already enrolled as a voter and have shifted your address,
then the procedure to be followed to enroll you at your new address will
depend on whether you are residing in the same assembly constituency or
your new residence is in a new assembly constituency.
In case your new residence is in a different assembly constituency then you
have to fill in form 6. For this you can either fill it online or give it personally
418
or by post. For the procedure involved, please look at answers to questions

no. 2, 3, 4 and 5 above. The only document that you are required to submit
is the proof of your new residence such as electricity bill etc. No other
document is required to be submitted by you.
In case your new residence is in the same assembly constituency then you
have to fill Form 8A. For this you can either fill it online or give it personally
or by post. For the procedure involved, please look at answers to questions
no. 2, 3, 4 and 5 above. The only document that you are required to attach is
proof of your new residence such as electricity bill etc. You are not required
to submit any other document.
Q 16. I have recently got married. How can I get my wife enrolled at my
address?
Ans. This will depend on the following:(a) If your wife is a voter for the first time then she will have to fill in Form-6
for enrolment as a new voter.
(b) In case your wife is already a voter but not in the same Assembly
Constituency (such as enrolled in some other Assembly Constituency of Delhi,
or anywhere else in India), then she will need to fill in Form-6 for change of
residence.
(c) If she is a voter in the same Assembly Constituency as you but needs only
to change her address then, in such case she needs to fill in Form-8A for
change of residence within the same Assembly Constituency.
(d) As proof of residence she can submit a copy of her marriage certificate or
copy of the marriage invitation card.
Q 17.
What are the various forms useful for registration as
voter/correction/change in address etc., where these forms can be
obtained?
Ans: Forms are available on the website of the Election Commission of India
www.eci.nic.in or respective states CEOs websites. The various forms useful
for registration are as follows: For new voter fill application in form 6 .
Overseas voters may file application in form 6 a.
419
If you want a vote deleted, you can file an objection in form 7.

For any correction in voter list or voter card fill application form 8.
If you have changed your address within the constituency, please file your
application in form 8a.
Form can be submitted to district election office, electoral registration officer
or booth level officer of your area.
Q 18. I have lost my old epic card. How can I get a new epic card?
Ans. You can deposit a copy of the FIR lodged at the Police Station. You will get a
new EPIC Card after deposit of Rs. 25 with ERO/AERO of your area. The dates
for issuing EPIC Cards are published in leading Newspapers.
Q 19. Who is responsible for the preparation of electoral rolls for a
Parliamentary or Assembly Constituency?
Ans. The Electoral Registration Officer (ERO). In the case of Delhi, these are the
area Sub-Divisional Magistrates/Additional District Magistrates. The
Electoral Registration officer is responsible for the preparation of electoral
rolls for an Assembly Constituency which itself is the roll for the
Parliamentary Constituency in so far as that Assembly Segment is concerned.
Q 20. How to get information about Polling Stations, Electoral Rolls, Election
Officers Names and Contact Phone Numbers on maps on ECI Website?
Ans: Election Commission of India in its constant Endeavour to provide
information and services to citizens in a hassle free manner has started a new
service on website of the commission www.eci.nic.in.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Click on ECI website a tab named information linked to polling station

map provided on the left side panel.
Select the state and district / assembly constituency / polling station.
Click on click here button.
After viewing a specific polling station pin, a balloon on the map.
Click on the balloon/pin to view names and contact nos of CEOs, DEOs,
EROs and BLOs.
A link is also provided to view electoral roll in pdf formats provided by the
states.
Q 21. What are the grievance redressal mechanisms available to you?
420
Ans: If you have any grievance in regard to electoral roll, electors photo identity
card or any other election related matter you may approach following officers:-
Sl.
No.
Officer
Level
Chief Electoral Officer
At the state level
District Election Officer
At the district level
Returning Officer
At the Constituency level
Assistant Returning Officer
At the Taluka/ Tahsil level
Electoral Registration Officer
At the Constituency level
Presiding Officer
At Polling station
Zonal Officer
For a group of polling stations
(Detailed addresses are available on the websites of the CEOs of respective

states/UTs).
During every election, the Commission appoints observers who are senior
civil service officers from outside the state. If you have any grievances or
problems, you should approach them.
421
Chapter 27
IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF
REPRESENTATION OF PEOPLE ACT,
1951
Sec 8: Disqualification on conviction for certain offences:
1) A person convicted of an offence punishable under
a) section 153A (offence of promoting enmity between different groups on ground
of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts
prejudicial to maintenance of harmony) or section 171E (offence of bribery) or
section 171F (offence of undue influence or personation at an election) or subsection (1) or sub-section (2) of section 376 or section 376A or section 376B or
section 376C or section 376D (offences relating to rape) or section 498A (offence
of cruelty towards a woman by husband or relative of a husband) or sub-section
(2) or sub-section (3) of section 505 (offence of making statement creating or
promoting enmity, hatred or ill-will between classes or offence relating to such
statement in any place of worship or in any assembly engaged in the
performance of religious worship or religious ceremonies) of the Indian Penal
Code (45 of 1860); or
b) the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 (22 of 1955) which provides for
punishment for the preaching and practice of "untouchability", and for the
enforcement of any disability arising therefrom; or
c) section 11 (offence of importing or exporting prohibited goods) of the Customs
Act, 1962 (52 of 1962); or
422
d) sections 10 to 12 (offence of being a member of an association declared unlawful,

offence relating to dealing with funds of an unlawful association or offence
relating to contravention of an order made in respect of a notified place) of the
Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 (37 of 1967); or
e) the Foreign Exchange (Regulation) Act, 1973 (46 of 1973); or
f) the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (61 of 1985); or
g) section 3 (offence of committing terrorist acts) or section 4 (offence of
committing disruptive activities) of the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities
(Prevention) Act, 1987 (28 of 1987); or
h) section 7 (offence of contravention of the provisions of sections 3 to 6) of the
Religious Institutions (Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1988 (41 of 1988); or
i) section 125 (offence of promoting enmity between classes in connection with
the election) or section 135 (offence of removal of ballot papers from polling
stations) or section 135A (offence of booth capturing) of clause (a) of sub-section
(2) of section 136 (offence of fraudulently defacing or fraudulently destroying
any nomination paper) of this Act; 1[or]
j) section 6 (offence of conversion of a place of worship) of the Places of Worship
(Special Provisions) Act, 1991;or
k) section 2 (offence of insulting the Indian National Flag or the Constitution of
India) or section 3 (offence of preventing singing of National Anthem) of the
Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 (69 of 1971),or
l) the Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 (3 of 1988); or
m)
the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (49 of 1988); or
n) the Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002 (15 of 2002), shall be disqualified, where
the convicted person is sentenced to
i) only fine, for a period of six years from the date of such conviction;
ii) imprisonment, from the date of such conviction and shall continue to
be disqualified for a further period of six years since his release.
2) A person convicted for the contravention of
a) any law providing for the prevention of hoarding or profiteering; or
b) any law relating to the adulteration of food or drugs; or
c) any provisions of the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 (28 of 1961);
3) A person convicted of any offence and sentenced to imprisonment for not less
than two years [other than any offence referred to in sub-section (1) or subsection (2)] shall be disqualified from the date of such conviction and shall
continue to be disqualified for a further period of six years since his release.
4) Notwithstanding anything 8[in sub-section (1), sub-section (2) or sub-section
(3)] a disqualification under either subsection shall not, in the case of a person
who on the date of the conviction is a member of Parliament or the Legislature of
a State, take effect until three months have elapsed from that date or, if within
that period an appeal or application for revision is brought in respect of the
423
conviction or the sentence, until that appeal or application is disposed of by the

court.
Explanation In this section:
a) "law providing for the prevention of hoarding or profiteering" means any law, or
any order, rule or notification having the force of law, providing for
(i) the regulation of production or manufacture of any essential commodity;
(ii) the control of price at which any essential commodity may be bought or sold;
(iii) the regulation of acquisition, possession, storage, transport, distribution,
disposal, use or consumption of any essential commodity;
(iv) the prohibition of the withholding from sale of any essential commodity
ordinarily kept for sale;
(b) "drug" has the meaning assigned to it in the Durgs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 (23
of 1940);
(c) "essential commodity" has the meaning assigned to it in the Essential
Commodity Act, 1955 (10 of 1955);
(d) "food" has the meaning assigned to it in the Prevention of Food Adulteration
Act, 1954
Sec 8A: Disqualification on ground of corrupt practices:
(1) The case of every person found guilty of a corrupt practice by an order under
section 99 shall be submitted, as soon as may be,within a period of three months
from the date such order takes effect, by such authority as the Central Government
may specify in this behalf, to the President for determination of the question as to
whether such person shall be disqualified and if so, for what period:
Provided that the period for which any person may be disqualified under this subsection shall in no case exceed six years from the date on which the order made in
relation to him under section 99 takes effect.
(2) Any person who stands disqualified under section 8A of this Act as it stood
immediately before the commencement of the Election Laws (Amendment) Act,
1975 (40 of 1975), may, if the period of such disqualification has not expired,
submit a petition to the President for the removal of such disqualification for the
unexpired portion of the said period.
(3) Before giving his decision on any question mentioned in sub-section (1) or on
any petition submitted under subsection (2), the President shall obtain the opinion
of the Election Commission on such question or petition and shall act according to
such opinion.
Sec 34. Deposits:
424
(1) A candidate shall not be deemed to be duly nominated for election from a
constituency unless he deposits or causes to be deposited:(a) in the case of an election from a Parliamentary constituency, a sum of
Twenty five thousand rupees or where the candidates is a member of a
Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe , a sum of Twelve thousand five hundred
rupees; and
(b) in the case of an election from an Assembly or Council constituency, a sum
of ten thousand rupees or where the candidate is a member of Scheduled Caste
or Scheduled Tribe, a sum of five thousand rupees :
Provide that where a candidate has been nominated by more than one
nomination paper for election in the same constituency, not more than one
deposit shall be required of him under this sub-section.
(2) Any sum required to be deposited under sub-section (I) shall not be deemed to
have been deposited under that sub-section unless at the time of delivery of
nomination paper [under sub-section (I) or, as the case may be, sub-section (IA) of
section 33] the candidate has either deposited or caused to be deposited that sum
with the returning officer in cash or enclosed with the nomination paper a receipt
showing that the sum has been deposited by him or on his behalf in the Reserve
Bank of India or in a Government Treasury.
Section 52: Death of a Candidate of a recognized political party before poll:
(1) If a candidate set up by a recognized political party
(a) dies at any time after 11.00 A.M. on the last date for making nominations and
his nomination is found valid on scrutiny under section 36; or
(b) whose nomination has been found valid on scrutiny under section 36 and
who has not withdrawn his candidature under section 37, dies, and in either
case, a report of his death is received any any time before the publication of the
list of contesting candidates under section 38; or
(c) dies as a contesting candidate and a report of his death is received before the
commencement of the poll,the returning officer shall, upon being satisfied about
the fact of the death of the candidate, by order, announce an adjournment of the
poll to a date to be notified later and report the fact to the Election Commission
and also to the appropriate authority:
Provided that no order for adjourning a poll should be made in a case referred
to in clause (a) except after the scrutiny of all the nominations including the
nomination of the deceased candidate.
(2) The Election Commission shall, on the receipt or a report from returning officer
under sub-section (1), call upon the recognized political party whose candidate has
died, to nominate another candidate for the said poll within seven days of issue of
425
such notice to such recognized political party and the provisions of sections 30 to
37 shall, so far as my be, apply in relation to such nomination as they would apply
to other nominations:
Provided that no person who has given a notice of withdrawal of his candidature
under sub-section (1) of section 37 before the adjournment of the poll shall be
ineligible for being nominated as a candidate for the election after such
adjournment.
(3) Where a list of contesting candidates had been published under section 38
before the adjournment of the poll under sub-section (1), the returning officer
shall again prepare and publish a fresh list of contesting candidates under that
Section so as to include the name of the candidate who has been validly nominated
under sub-section (2).
Explanation For the purposes of this section, sections 33 and 38, recognized
Political party, means a political party recognized by the Election Commission
under the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968
Section 77: Account of election expenses and maximum thereof:
(1) Every candidate at an election shall, either by himself or by his election agent,
keep a file separate and correct account of all expenditure in connection with the
expenses incurred or authorized by him or by his election agent between [the date
on which he has been nominated] and the date of declaration of the result there of,
both dates inclusive.
Explanation 1- For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that
(a) the expenditure incurred by leaders of a political party on account of travel by
air or by any other means of transport for propagating programme of the political
party shall not be deemed to be the expenditure in connection with the election
incurred or authorized by a candidate of that political party or his election agent
for the purposes of this sub-section;
(b) any expenditure incurred in respect of any arrangements made, facilities
provided or any other act or thing done by any person in the service of the
Government and belonging to any of the classes mentioned in clause (7) of section
123 in the discharge or purported discharge of his official duty as mentioned in
the proviso to that clause shall not be deemed to be expenditure in connection
with the election incurred or authorized by a candidate or by his election agent
for the purposes of this sub-section.
Explanation 2 For the purpose of clause (a) of Explanation 1, the expression
leaders of a political party, in respect of any election, means
426
(i) where such political party is a recognized political party, such persons not
exceeding forty in number, and
(ii) where such political party is other than a recognized political party, such
persons not exceeding twenty in number,
whose names have been communicated to the Election Commission and the Chief
Electoral Officers of the States by the political party to be leaders for the purposes
of such election, within a period of seven days from the date of the notification for
such election published in the Gazette of India or Official Gazette of the State, as
the case may be, under this Act:
Provided that a political party may, in the case where any of the persons referred
to in clause (i) or, as the case may be, in clause (ii) dies or cease to be a member
of such political party, by further communication to the Election Commission and
the Chief Electoral Officers of the States, substitute new name, during the period
ending immediately before forty-eight hours ending with the hour fixed for the
conclusion of the last poll for such election, for the name of such person died or
ceased to be a member, for the purposes of designating the new leader in his
place.
(2) The account shall contain such particulars, as may be prescribed.
(3) The total of the said expenditure shall not exceed such amount as may be
prescribed.
Sec 123. Corrupt practices:
The following shall be deemed to be corrupt practices for the purposes of this
Act:
(1) "Bribery", that is to say
(A) any gift, offer or promise by a candidate or his agent or by any other person
with the consent of a candidate or his election agent of any gratification, to any
person whomsoever, with the object, directly or indirectly of inducing
(a) a person to stand or not to stand as, or to withdraw or not to withdraw
from being a candidate at an election, or
(b) an elector to vote or refrain from voting at an election, or as a reward
to
(i) a person for having so stood or not stood, or for having withdrawn or
not having
withdrawn his candidature; or
(ii) an elector for having voted or refrained from voting;
427
(B) the receipt of, or agreement to receive, any gratification, whether as a

motive or a reward
(a) by a person for standing or not standing as, or for 6[withdrawing or not
withdrawing] from being, a candidate; or
(b) by any person whomsoever for himself or any other person for voting or
refraining from voting, or inducing or attempting to induce any elector to
vote or refrain from voting, or any candidate to withdraw or not to withdraw
his candidature.
Explanation For the purposes of this clause the term "gratification" is not
restricted to pecuniary gratifications or gratifications estimable in money and it
includes all forms of entertainment and all forms of employment for reward but it
does not include the payment of any expenses bona fide incurred at, or for the
purpose of, any election and duly entered in the account of election expenses
referred to in section 78.
(2) Undue influence, that is to say, any direct or indirect interference or attempt to
interfere on the part of the candidate or his agent, or of any other person 7[with
the consent of the candidate or his election agent], with the free exercise of any
electoral right:
Provided that
(a) without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of this clause any such
person as is referred to therein who
(i) threatens any candidate or any elector, or any person in whom a
candidate or an elector is interested, with injury of any kind including social
ostracism and ex-communication or expulsion from any caste or
community; or
(ii) induces or attempts to induce a candidate or an elector to believe that
he, or any person in whom he is interested, will become or will be rendered
an object of divine displeasure or spiritual censure,
shall be deemed to interfere with the free exercise of the electoral right of
such candidate or elector within the meaning of this clause;
(b) a declaration of public policy, or a promise of public action, or the mere
exercise of a legal right without intent to interfere with an electoral right, shall
not be deemed to be interference within the meaning of this clause.
(3) The appeal by a candidate or his agent or by any other person with the consent
of a candidate or his election agent to vote or refrain from voting for any person on
the ground of his religion, race, caste, community or language or the use of, or
appeal to religious symbols or the use of, or appeal to, national symbols, such as
the national flag or the national emblem, for the furtherance of the prospects of the
election of that candidate or for prejudicially affecting the election of any
candidate:
Provided that no symbol allotted under this Act to a candidate shall be deemed to
be a religious symbol or a national symbol for the purposes of this clause.
428
(3A) The promotion of, or attempt to promote, feelings of enmity or hatred

between different classes of the citizens of India on grounds of religion, race,
caste, community, or language, by a candidate or his agent or any other person
with the consent of a candidate or his election agent for the furtherance of the
prospects of the election of that candidate or for prejudicially affecting the
election of any candidate.
(3B) The propagation of the practice or the commission of sati or its glorification
by a candidate or his agent or any other person with the consent of the
candidate or his election agent for the furtherance of the prospects of the
election of that candidate or for prejudicially affecting the election of any
candidate.
ExplanationFor the purposes of this clause, "sati" and "glorification" in relation
to sati shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them in the Commission of
Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 (3 of 1988).
(4) The publication by a candidate or his agent or by any other person with the
consent of a candidate or his election agent, of any statement of fact which is false,
and which he either believes to be false or does not believe to be true, in relation to
the personal character or conduct of any candidate, or in relation to the
candidature, or withdrawal,of any candidate, being a statement reasonably
calculated to prejudice the prospects of that candidate's election.
(5) The hiring or procuring, whether on payment or otherwise, of any vehicle or
vessel by a candidate or his agent or by any other person with the consent of a
candidate or his election agent, or the use of such vehicle or vessel for the free
conveyance of any elector (other than the candidate himself, the members of his
family or his agent) to or from any polling station provided under section 25 or a
place fixed under sub-section (1) of section 29 for the poll:
Provided that the hiring of a vehicle or vessel by an elector or by several electors
at their joint costs for the purpose of conveying him or them to and from any such
polling station or place fixed for the poll shall not be deemed to be a corrupt
practice under this clause if the vehicle or vessel so hired is a vehicle or vessel not
propelled by mechanical power:
Provided further that the use of any public transport vehicle or vessel or any
tramcar or railway carriage by any elector at his own cost for the purpose of going
to or coming from any such polling station or place fixed for the poll shall not be
deemed to be a corrupt practice under this clause.
Explanation In this clause, the expression "vehicle" means any vehicle used or
capable of being used for the purpose of road transport, whether propelled by
429
mechanical power or otherwise and whether used for drawing other vehicles or
otherwise.
(6) The incurring or authorizing of expenditure in contravention of section 77.
(7) The obtaining or procuring or abetting or attempting to obtain or procure by a
candidate or his agent or, by any other person 1[with the consent of a candidate or
his election agent], any assistance (other than the giving of vote) for the
furtherance of the prospects of that candidate's election, from any person whether
or not in the service of the Government and belonging to any
of the following classes, namely:
(a) gazetted officers;
(b) stipendiary judges and magistrates;
(c) members of the armed forces of the Union;
(d) members of the police forces;
(e) excise officers;
(f) revenue officers other than village revenue officers known as lambardars,
malguzars, patels, deshmukhs or by any other name, whose duty is to collect
land revenue and who are remunerated by a share of, or commission on, the
amount of land revenue collected by them but who do not discharge any police
functions; and
(g) such other class of persons in the service of the Government as may be
prescribed:
Provided that where any person, in the service of the Government and
belonging to any of the classes aforesaid, in the discharge or purported
discharge of his official duty, makes any arrangements or provides any facilities
or does any other act or thing, for, to, or in relation to, any candidate or his agent
or any other person acting with the consent of /the candidate or his election
agent (whether by reason of the office held by the candidate or for any other
reason), such arrangements, facilities or act or thing shall not be deemed to be
assistance for the furtherance of the prospects of that candidate's election.
(h) Class of persons in service of a local authority, university, government
company or institution or concerned or undertaking appointed or deputed by
the election commission in connection with the conduct of election.
(8) booth capturing by a candidate or his agent or other person.
Explanation
(1) In this section, the expression "agent" includes an election agent, a polling agent
and any person who is held to have acted as an agent in connection with the
election with the consent of the candidate.
(2) For the purposes of clause (7), a person shall be deemed to assist in the
furtherance of the prospects of a candidate's election if he acts as an election agent
of that candidate.
430
(3) For the purposes of clause (7), notwithstanding anything contained in any other
law, the publication in the Official Gazette of the appointment, resignation,
termination of service, dismissal or removal from service of a person in the service
of the Central Government (including a person serving in connection with the
administration of a Union territory) or of a State Government shall be conclusive
proof
(i) of such appointment, resignation, termination of service, dismissal or
removal from service, as the case may be, and
(ii) where the date of taking effect of such appointment, resignation,
termination of service, dismissal or removal from service, as the case may be,
is stated in such publication, also of the fact that such person was appointed
with effect from the said date, or in the case of resignation, termination of
service, dismissal or removal from service, such person ceased to be in such
service with effect from the said date.
(4) For the purposes of clause (8),"booth capturing" shall have the same meaning
as in section 135A.
Sec. 126: Prohibition of public meetings during period of forty eight hours
ending with hour fixed for conclusion of poll:
(1) No person shalla) convene, hold or attend, join or address any public meeting or procession in
connection with an election; or
b) display to the public any election matter by means of cinematograph,
television or any other similar apparatus; or
c) propagate any election matter to the public by holding, or by arranging the
holding of, any musical concert or any theatrical performance or any other
entertainment or amusement with a view to attracting the members of the
public thereto,
in any polling area during the period of forty-eight hours ending with fixed for
the conclusion of the poll for any election in the polling area.
(2) Any person who contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1) shall be
punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with
fine, or with both.
(3) In this section, the expression election matter means any matter intended or
calculated to influence or affect the result of an election.
Section 126 A: Restriction on publication and dissemination of result of exit
polls, etc.
(1) No person shall conduct any exit poll and publish or publicise by means of the
print or electronic media or disseminate in any other manner, whatsoever, the
431
result of any exit poll during such period, as may be notified by the Election
Commission in this regard.
(2) For the purposes of sub-section (1), the Election Commission shall, by a general
order, notify the date and time having due regard to the following, namely:(a) in case of a general election, the period may commence from the
beginning of the hours fixed for poll on the first day of poll and continue till
half an hour after closing of the poll in all the States and Union territories;
(b) in case of a bye-election or a number of bye elections held together, the
period may commence from the beginning of the hours fixed for poll on from
the first day of poll and continue till half an hour after closing of the poll:
Provided that in case of a number of bye-elections held together on different days,
the period may commence form the beginning of the hours fixe for poll on the first
day of poll and continue till half an hour after closing of the last poll.
(3) Any person who contravenes the provision of this section shall be punishable
with imprisonment for after which may extend to two years or with fine or with
both.
Explanation For the purposes of this section,
(a) exit poll means an opinion survey respecting how electors have voted at an
election or respecting how will all the electors have performed with regard to the
identification of a political party or candidate in an election;
(b) electronic media included internet , radio and television including Internet
Protocol Television, satellite , terrestrial or c able channels, mobile and such other
media either owned by the Government or private person or by both;
(c) print media include any newspaper, magazine or periodical, poster, place
card, handbill or any other document;
(d) dissemination included publication in any print media or broadcast or
display or any electronic media.
Section 126B:
(1) Where an offence under sub-section(2) of section 126A has been committed
by a company, every person who at the time the offence was committed was in
charge of , and was responsible to the company for the conduct of , the business of
the company, as well as the company, shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence
and shall be liable to the proceeded against and punished accordingly:
Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section render any such person liable
to any punishment provided in this Act if he proves that the offence was
committed without his knowledge or that he exercised all due diligence to prevent
the commission of such offence.
432
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section(1), where an offence under

this Act has been committed by a company and it is proved that the offence has
been committed within the consent or connivance of , or is attributable to any
neglect on the part of, any director, manager, secretary or other officer of the
company, such director, manager, secretary or other officer shall also be deemed
to by guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished
accordingly.
Explanation For the purpose of this section,
(a) company means anybody corporate, and includes a firm or other association
of individual; and
(b) director in relation to a firm means a partner in the firm..
Sec 158: Return or Forfeiture of candidates deposits

(1) The deposit made under section 34 or under the section read with sub-section
(2) of section 39 shall either be returned to the person making it or his legal
representative or be forfeited to the approximate authority in accordance with the
provision of this section.
(2) Except in cases here under mentioned in this section, the deposit shall be
returned as soon as practicable after the result of the election is declared.
(3) If the candidate is not shown in the list of contesting candidates, or if he dies
before the commencement of the poll, the deposit shall be returned as soon as
practicable after the publication of the list or after his death, as the case may be.
(4) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (3), the deposit shall be forfeited if at
an election where a poll has been taken, the candidate is not elected and the
number of valid votes polled by him does not exceed one-sixth of the total number
of valid votes by all the candidates or in case of election of more than one member
at the election, one-sixth of the total number of valid votes so polled divided by the
number of members to be elected:
Provided that where at an election held in, accordance with the system of
proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote, a candidate
is not elected, the deposit made him shall be forfeited if he does not get more than
one-sixth of the number of votes prescribed in this behalf as sufficient to secure the
return of a candidate.
(5) Notwithstanding anything in sub-sections (2), (3) and (4)
433
(a) If at a general election, the candidate is a contesting candidate in more than

one parliamentary constituency or in more than one assembly constituency, not
more than one of the deposits shall be returned, and the others shall be
forfeited.
(b)
If the candidate is a contesting candidate at an election in more than
one council constituency or at an election in a council constituency and at an
election by the members of the State Legislative Assembly to fill seats in the
Legislative Council, not more than one of the deposits shall be returned, and
the others shall be forfeited.
434
Chapter 28
MAXIMUM ELECTION EXPENSES
UNDER RULE 90 OF CONDUCT OF
ELECTION RULES, 1961
The total of the expenditure of which account is to be kept under section 77 of the
Conduct of Election Rules, 1961 and which is incurred or authorized in connection
with an election in a State or Union territory mentioned in column 2 of the Table
below shall not exceed
(a)
(b)
Sl.
No.
in any one Parliamentary constituency of that State or Union territory,

the amount specified in the corresponding column 3 of the said Table;
and
in any one Assembly constituency, if any, of that State or Union territory,
the amount specified in the corresponding column 4 of the said Table: Name of State / Union
Territory
STATES
1.
Andhra Pradesh
2.
Arunachal Pradesh
3.
Assam
4.
Bihar
5.
Chhattisgarh
6.
Goa
7.
Gujarat
8.
Haryana
9.
Himachal Pradesh
10.
Jammu and Kashmir
11.
Jharkhand
12.
Karnataka
13.
Kerala
14.
Madhya Pradesh
15.
Maharashtra
16.
Manipur
17.
Meghalaya
18.
Mizoram
Maximum limit of election expenses

in any one
Parliamentary
Assembly
Constituency
Constituency
40,00,000
27,00,000
40,00,000
40,00,000
40,00,000
22,00,000
40,00,000
40,00,000
40,00,000
40,00,000
40,00,000
40,00,000
40,00,000
40,00,000
40,00,000
35,00,000
35,00,000
32,00,000
16,00,000
10,00,000
16,00,000
16,00,000
16,00,000
8,00,000
16,00,000
16,00,000
11,00,000
--16,00,000
16,00,000
16,00,000
16,00,000
16,00,000
8,00,000
8,00,000
8,00,000
435
19.
Nagaland
20.
Orissa
21.
Punjab
22.
Rajasthan
23.
Sikkim
24.
Tamil Nadu
25.
Tripura
26.
Uttarakhand
27.
Uttar Pradesh
28.
West Bengal
UNION TERRITORIES
1.
Andaman and Nicobar
Islands
2.
Chandigarh
3.
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
4.
Daman and Diu
5.
Delhi
6.
Lakshadweep
7.
Puducherry
40,00,000
40,00,000
40,00,000
40,00,000
27,00,000
40,00,000
40,00,000
40,00,000
40,00,000
40,00,000
8,00,000
16,00,000
16,00,000
16,00,000
8,00,000
16,00,000
8,00,000
11,00,000
16,00,000
16,00,000
27,00,000
--
22,00,000
16,00,000
16,00,000
40,00,000
16,00,000
32,00,000
---14,00,000
8,00,000
MINIMUM & MAXIMUM LIMITS OF ELECTION

EXPENDITURE IN ONE PARLIAMENTARY
CONSITITUENCY (in Rupees)
Revision
Year
Minimum
Limit
Maximum
Limit
1997
6,00,000
15,00,000
2003
10,00,000
25,00,000
2011
16,00,000
40,00,000
436
Chapter 29
The Election Symbols (Reservation
and Allotment) Order, 1968(as
amended up to July, 2013)
IMPORTANT PROVISIONS
Sec. 4. Allotment of symbols In ever y contested election a symbol shall be
allotted to a contesting candidate in accordance with the provisions of this Order
and different symbols shall be allotted to different contesting candidates at an
election in the same constituency.
Sec. 5. Classification of symbols
(1) For the purpose of this Order symbols are either reserved or free.
(2)Save as otherwise provided in this Order, a reserved symbol is a symbol which is
reserved for a recognised political party for exclusive allotment to contesting
candidates s e t up by that party.
(3) A free symbol is a symbol other than a reserved symbol.
Sec. 6. Classification of political parties
(1) For the purposes of this Order and for such other purposes as the Commission
may specify as and when necessity therefore arises, political parties are
either recognised political parties or unrecognised political parties.
(2) A recognised political party shall either be a National party or a State party.
Sec. 6A. Conditions for recognition as a State Party A political party shall be
eligible for recognition as a State party in a State, if, and only if, any of the following
conditions is fulfilled:
(i) At the last general election to the Legislative Assembly of the State, the candidates
set up by the party have secured not less than six percent of the total valid votes
polled in the State; and, in addition, the party has returned at least two members
to the Legislative Assembly of that State at such general election; or
437
(ii) At the last general election to the House of the People from that State, the
candidates set up by the party have secured not less than six percent of the total
valid votes polled in the State; and, in addition, the party has returned at least one
member to the House of the People from that State at such general election; or
(iii) At the last general election to the Legislative Assembly of the State, the party
has won at least three percent of the total number of seats in the Legislative
Assembly, (any fraction exceeding half being counted as one), or at least three
seats in the Assembly, whichever is more; or
(iv)At the last general election to the House of the People from the State, the party
has returned at least one member to the House of the People for every 25
members or any fraction thereof allotted to that State;] or
{(v) At the last general election to the House of the People from the State, or at
the last general election to the Legislative Assembly of the State, the candidates
set up by the Party have secured not less than eight percent of the total valid votes
polled in the State.}
Sec. 6B. Conditions for recognition as a National Party A political party shall be
eligible to be recognized as National party, if, and only if, any of the following
conditions is fulfilled:
(i) The candidates set up by the party, in any four or more States, at the last general
election to the House of the People, or to the Legislative Assembly of the State
concerned, have secured not less than six percent of the total valid votes polled
in each of those States at that general election; and, in addition, it has returned
at least four members to the House of the People at the aforesaid last general
election from any State or States; or
(ii) At the last general election to the House of the People, the party has won at least
two percent of the total number of seats in the House of the People, any fraction
exceeding half being counted as one; and the party s candidates have been
elected to that House from not less than three States; or
(iii) The party is recognized as State party in at least four States.]
Sec. 6C. Conditions for continued recognition as a National or State party.
If a political party is recognised as a State party under paragraph 6A, or as a
National party under paragraph 6B, the question whether it shall continue to be so
recognised after any subsequent general election to the House of the People or, as
the case may be, to the Legislative Assembly of the State concerned, shall be
dependent upon the fulfillment by it of the conditions specified in the said
paragraphs on the results of that general election.
438
(For more details of this order, please visit Election Commission of

India website www.eci.gov.in)
439
Chapter 30
ELECTION COMMISSIONs ORDER
REGARDING ADVERTISEMENTS OF
POLITICAL NATURE ON T.V
CHANNELS & CABLE T.V NETWORKS
No. 509/75 2004/JS-I
April.2004
Dated 15th
ORDER
1. Whereas, Section 6 of the Cable Television (Regulation) Act. 1995. provides that
no person shall transmit or re-transmit through a cable service any advertisement
unless such advertisement is in conformity with the prescribed advertisement
code; and
2. Whereas, Sub- rule (3) of Rule 7 of the Cable Television Network (Regulations)
Rules, 1994 laying down the advertising code in terms of the abovementioned
Section 6 provides that "no advertisement shall be permitted, the objects whereof,
are wholly or mainly of a religious or political nature; advertisements must not be
directed towards any religious or political end"; and
3. Whereas, the High Court of Andhra Pradesh, by its judgment and order dated 2303-2004 in WPMP No.5214/2004 (Gemini TV Pvt. Ltd. Vs. Election Commission of
India and others), suspended the above mentioned provisions of Rule 7(3) of the
Cable Television Network (Regulation) Rules, 1994; and
4. Whereas the Hon'ble Supreme court, by its interim order dated 2-4-2004. In SLP
(Civil) No.6679/2004 (Ministry of Information & Broadcasting Vs M/s Gemini TV
and Others), in substitution of the order under challenge, had directed as below: (i) No cable operator or TV channel shall telecast any advertisement, which does
not conform to the law of the country and which offends the morality, decency
and susceptibility of views or which is shocking, disgusting and revolting;
(ii) The telecast shall be monitored by the Election Commissioner of India;
440
(iii) The question as to whether the expenditure incurred by the candidate on

inserting such advertisement should or should not be included, shall be
considered on 5th April, 2004; and
(iv) The modalities whether such advertisements are in conformity with law,
shall be laid down by the Election Commissioner of India.
5. Whereas, The Hon'ble Supreme Court of India by its further order dated 13th
April. 2004, in SLP (Civil) No. 6679/2004 has directed as follows:
--- Before we pass the order, it will be worthwhile to notice certain provisions of
the Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act, 1995 [for short, "the Act"], as
amended from time to time, and the Rules framed there under. The object of the Act
is to regulate the operation of the cable television network in the country. Section
6 of the Act provides that no person shall transmit or retransmit through a cable
service any advertisement unless such advertisement is in conformity with the
prescribed advertisement code. Section 11 of the Act provides that if any
authorized officer has reason to believe that the provisions of the Act have been or
are being contravened by any cable operator, he may seize the equipment being
used by such cable operator for operating the cable television network. Section 12
of the Act provides for confiscation of the equipment in the event of any violation
of the provisions of the Act. Similarly, Section 13 of the Act also provides for seizure
or confiscation of the equipment and punishment. Section 16 further provides for
punishment for contravention of the provisions of the Act. Section 19 lays down
that an authorized officer, if he thinks necessary or expedient so to do in the public
interest, may, by order, prohibit any cable operator from transmitting or retransmitting any advertisement which is not in conformity with the prescribed
programme code and advertisement code and it is likely to promote enmity on
grounds of religion, race, language, caste or community or any other grounds
whatsoever, disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill-will between different
religion, racial, linguistic or regional groups or castes or communities or which is
likely to disturb public tranquility. Section 22 of the Act empowers the Central
Government to frame Rules to carry out the provisions of Act. The Central
Government in exercise of the powers conferred on it by Section 22 of the Act is
empowered to make Rules which arc known as The Cable Television Networks
Rules, 1994 [for short, "the Rules]. Rule 7 of the Rules provides that where an
advertisement is carried in the cable service it shall be so designed as to conform
to the laws of the country and should not offend morality, decency and religious
susceptibilities of the subscribers. Subrule (2), inter alia, provides that no
advertisement shall be permitted which derides any race, caste, colour, creed and
nationality, is against any provision of the Constitution of India and tends to incite
people to crime, cause disorder or violence or breach of law or glorifies violence or
obscenity in any way. Sub-rule (3) further provides that no advertisement shall be
permitted the objects whereof are wholly or mainly of religious or political nature,
441
advertisements must not be directed towards any religious or political end. It is in

this background, we now propose to pass the following order:
Every registered National and State, political party and every contesting
candidate proposing to issue advertisement on television channel and/or cable
network will have to apply to the Election Commission/Designated Officer (as
designated by the Election Commission) not later than three days prior to the date
of the proposed commencement of the telecast of such advertisement. In case of
any other person or unregistered political parties, they will have to apply not later
than seven days prior to the date of the telecast. Such application shall be
accompanied by two copies of the proposed advertisement in electronic form along
with a duly attested transcript thereof. In case of first phase of elections, the
application shall be disposed of within two days of its receipt and until decision
thereon is taken, our order dated 2nd April, 2004, shall apply. In case of subsequent
phase of election, the application shall be disposed of within three days of its receipt
and until the decision thereon is taken, our order dated 2nd April, 2004, shall apply.
While disposing of such applications, it will be open to the Election
Commission/Designated Officer to direct deletion/modification of any part of the
advertisement.
The application for certification shall contain following details:
(a) The cost of production of the advertisement;
(b) The approximate cost of proposed telecast of such advertisement on a television
channel or cable network with the break-up of number of insertions and rate
proposed to be charged for each such insertion;
(c) It shall also contain a statement whether the advertisement inserted is for the
benefit of the prospects of the election of a candidate(s)/parties;
(d) If the advertisement is issued by any person other than a political party or a
candidate, that person shall state on oath that it is not for the benefit of the political
party or a candidate and that the said advertisement has not been sponsored or
commissioned or paid for by any political party or a candidate; and
(e) A statement that all the payments shall be made by way of cheque or demand
draft.
We find that Section 2(a) of the Act defines "authorized officer", within his
local limits of jurisdiction, as (a) District Magistrate; (b) Subdivisional Magistrate;
or (c) or Commissioner of Police. Similarly, Section 28- A of the Representation of
People Act, 1951 provides that the Returning Officer, Assistant Returning Officer,
Presiding Officer, Polling Officer and any other officer appointed under this part
and any police officer designated for the time being by the State Government, for
the conduct of any election shall be deemed to be on deputation to the Election
442
Commission for the period commencing on and from the date of the notification
calling for such election and ending with the date of declaration of results of such
election and, accordingly, such officer shall during that period, be subject to the
control, superintendence and discipline of the Election Commission.
Since it is not physically possible for the Election Commission to have a precensorship of all the advertisements on various cable networks and television
channels, it has become necessary to authorize the Election Commission to delegate
its powers in this behalf to the respective District Magistrates of all the States or
Union Territories, not below the rank of a Sub-divisional Magistrate or a member
of the State Provincial Civil Service. This may be done by a general order issued by
the Election Commission. These officers shall act under the control,
superintendence and discipline of the Election Commission. The Election
Commission in its turn may delegate its powers to the Chief Electoral Officer of each
State or the Union Territories, as the case may be.
The Chief Electoral Officer of each State or Union Territory may appoint a
committee for entertaining complaints or grievances of any political party or
candidate or any other person in regard to the decision to grant or to refuse
certification of an advertisement. The committee so appointed shall communicate
its decision to the Election Commission.
The committee so constituted will function under the overall
superintendence, direction and control of the Election Commission of India.
The decision given by the committee shall be binding and complied with by
the political parties, candidates, or any other person applying for advertisements
in electronic media subject to what has been state above.
The comments and observations for deletion or modification, as the case
may be, made, shall be binding and complied with by the concerned political party
or contesting candidate or any other person within twenty four hours from the
receipt of such communication and the advertisement so modified will be resubmitted for review and certification.
We may clarify that provisions of Section 126 of the Representation of People
Act, 1951, shall apply to the advertisement covered by this order.
If any political party, candidate or any other person is aggrieved by the
decision taken either by the committee or by the Designated Officer/Election
Commission it will be open for them to approach only this court for clarification or
appropriate orders and no other court, tribunal or authority shall entertain any
petition in regard to the complaint against such advertisement. This order shall
come into force with effect from 16th April, 2004 and shall continue to be in force
till 10th May, 2004.
443
This order is being issued in exercise of the powers under Article 142 of the
Constitution of India and it shall bind all the political parties, candidates, persons,
group of persons or Trusts who propose to insert the advertisement in the
electronic media, including cable network and/or television channels as well as
cable operators.
It will be open to the Election Commission to requisition such staff as may be
necessary for monitoring the telecast of such advertisements. Where the Election
Commission is satisfied that there is a violation of this order or any provisions of
the Act, it will issue an order to the violator to forthwith stop such violations and it
will also be open to direct seizure of the equipments. Every order shall be promptly
complied with by the person(s) on whom such order is served.
The funds to meet the cost of monitoring the advertisements should be made
available to the Election Commission by the Union of India. Adequate publicity of
this order shall be given by the Union of India on the electronic media and through
print media.
This order is in continuation of the order passed by this Court on 2n April,
2004 and shall remain in operation as an interim measure till 10th May, 2004.
Subject to the aforesaid order, the judgment of the High Court of Andhra
Pradesh dated 23rd March 2004 shall remain stayed. This order is passed not in
derogation of but in addition to the powers of the Central Government in regard to
the breach of the provisions of the Act."
6. Now therefore, in pursuance of the aforesaid directions of the Hon'ble Supreme
Court, the Election Commission hereby directs as follows: (i) The Chief Electoral Officer Delhi is hereby directed to constitute a Committee
comprising the following persons to deal with the applications by the political
parties and organizations mentioned in para (ii) herein below:a) The Joint Chief Electoral officer - Chairperson.
b) Returning Officer of an Parliamentary Constituency in Delhi.
c) One expert being an officer not below the rank of Class-1 officer to be
requisitioned from the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting.
(ii) The above Committee will entertain applications for certification of any
advertisement to be inserted in a television channel or cable network by the
following:a) All registered political parties having their headquarters in NCT of Delhi.
b) All groups or organizations or associations or persons having their
headquarters in NCT of Delhi.
444
(iii) The Chief Electoral Officer of even- other State/Union Territory is hereby
directed to constitute the following Committee to deal with applications by political
parties and organizations mentioned in para (iv) below:a) The Additional, Joint Chief Electoral Officer - Chairperson.
b) Returning Officer of any Parliamentary constituency located in the capital of
the State.
c) One expert being an officer not below the rank of Class-1 officer to be
requisitioned from the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting.
(iv) The Committee constituted in para (iii) above will entertain applications for
certification for advertisement on television channel and cable network by the
following:(a)
All registered political parties having their headquarters in that State
/Union Territory,
(b) All organisations or group of persons or associations having their registered
offices in that State/Union Territory.
(v) The Returning Officer of every Parliamentary constituency in the country are
hereby declared as Designated Officers for the purpose of entertaining application
for certification of an advertisement proposed to be issued on cable network or
television channel by an individual candidate contesting the election from the
Parliamentary' constituency of which such Designated Officer is the Returning
Officer and candidates contesting in the Assembly constituencies falling within that
Parliamentary constituency. The said Returning Officer may co-opt any of the
Assistant Returning Officers, not below the rank of a Sub-divisional Magistrate
belonging to the State Provincial Civil Service to assist him in the task of
certification of applications.
7. The Chief Electoral Officer of every State/Union Territory will constitute the
following Committee to entertain complaints/grievances of any political party or
candidate or any other person in regard to the decision to grant or refuse
certification of an advertisement:(i) The Chief Electoral Officer - Chairperson.
(ii) Any Observer appointed by the Election Commission of India
(iii) One expert to be co-opted by the Committee other than the one mentioned in
paras 6 (i) and 6 (iii) above.
8. The applications for certification of any advertisements by every registered
political parties and every contesting candidates shall be made to the Committees
mentioned in paras 6 (i) and 6 (iii) above or the Designated Officer as mentioned in
para 6 (iv) above, as the case may be, not later than 3 (three) days prior to the date
of the commencement of the telecast of such advertisem ents. In the case of first
445
phase of elections such applications shall be disposed of within 2 (two) days of its
receipt and until decision thereon is taken, the order of the Supreme Court dated 24-2004 shall apply.
9. Where an application for certification of advertisement is by any other person or
unregistered political parties, it will have to be made not later than 7 (seven) days
prior to the date of telecast.
10. Every such application, in the format prescribed at Annexure A, shall be
accompanied by the following:
(i) Two copies of the proposed advertisement in the electronic form along with a
duly attested transcript thereof,
(ii) The application for certification shall contain following details:a) The cost of production of the advertisement:
b) The approximate cost of proposed telecast of such advertisement on a
television channel or cable network with the break-up of number of insertions
and rate proposed to be charged for each such insertion:
c) It shall also contain a statement whether the advertisement inserted is for the
benefit of the prospects of the election of a candidate(s)/parties;
d) If the advertisement is issued by any person other than a political party or a
candidate, that person shall state on oath that it is not for the benefit of the
political party or a candidate and that the said advertisement has not been
sponsored or commissioned or paid for by any political party or a candidate:
e) A statement that all the payment shall be made by way of cheque or demand
draft.
11. While taking a decision on the applications for certification of an advertisement,
it will be open for the Committees constituted in para 6 (i) and 6 (iii) above or the
Designated Officer as in para 6 (v) above or the review Committee as constituted in
para 7 above to direct deletion/modification of any part of the advertisement.
Every such order making comments and observation for deletion and modification
shall be binding and be complied by the concerned political party or contesting
candidate or any other person within 24 hours from the receipt of such
communication. The advertisement so modified will be re-submitted for review
and certification.
12. Where the Committees constituted in para 6 (i) and 6 (iii) above or the
Designated Officer or the review Committee as constituted in para 7 above as the
case may be, is satisfied that the advertisement meets the requirements of the law
and in accordance with the directions of the Supreme Court as inserted in paras 4
and 5 above, it should issue a certificate to the effect of the advertisement
concerned is fit for telecast. The format for the certificate is at Annexure B.
446
13. The directions contained in the order dated 13t h April 2004 by Supreme Court
shall be strictly complied with by everyone concerned and will remain in operation
till 10th May 2004 and it shall bind all the political parties, candidates, persons,
group of persons or Trusts who propose to insert the advertisements in the
electronic media, including the cable networks and/or television channels as well
as cable operators.
447
Chapter 31
ELECTION COMMISSIONS ORDER ON
POLITICAL ADVERTISEMENTS
Nirvachan Sadan, Ashoka Road, New Delhi-110001
*******
No. 509/75/2004/J.S-I/Vol.II/RCC/
Dated: 21st November, 2008.
ORDER
Sub: The Commissions order dated 15th April, 2004, regarding
advertisements of political nature on T.V Channels & Cable T.V. Networks Extension to Radio
1. The Commission. vide its order No. 509/75/2004/JS-I dated 15th April, 2004, in
pursuance of the order dated 13-4-2004 of the Honble Supreme Court in SLP(Civil)
No.
6679/2004(Ministry of I&B Vs M/s Gemini TV and Others), issued directions
regarding
advertisements of political nature on T.V Channels & Cable T.V. Networks.
2. The Ministry of Information & Broadcasting has, vide their letter No. 1/04/2004BC.IV dated 20th November, 08, informed that clause-II (4) of the Code for
Commercial
Advertising on All India Radio, has been amended by adding the following provison
:But advertisements in the form of spots and jingles on payment of prescribed fees,
from political parties /candidates/any other person shall be accepted only in
respect of General Elections to Lok Sabha/General Election to the State
Assemblies/General Election to Local bodies during the period when the Model
Code of Conduct is in force. Such advertisements shall be subject to prebroadcast
scrutiny by the Election Commission of India/authorities under the Election
Commission of India in respect of elections to Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies
and State Election Commissions in the case of Local bodies.
3. In view of the above, the Commission has directed that its order dated 15th
April,2004, regarding advertisements of political nature on TV Channel/Cable
Networks shall apply to advertisements on Radio also, including the Private FM
Channels, during the period Model Code of Conduct is in operation in connection
with general election to the House of the People or to the Legislative Assembly of
448
any State/UT. Accordingly, for broadcasting any advertisement of political nature

on Radio, application for certification for broadcast shall be submitted to the
Committee set up in the office of the Chief Electoral Officer of the State concerned
for pre-broadcast scrutiny and certification permitting broadcast of the
advertisement. The application shall be submitted in the same
format as the one prescribed vide the order dated 15-4-2004 for advertisement on
TV Channel/Cable Networks, alongwith the Tape/ CD and an attested transcript of
the proposed advertisement . The format for certification of advertisement shall
also be the same as that prescribed in the order dated 15-4-2004. The reference to
telecast in these formats shall be read to include broadcast for the purposes of
advertisements on Radio.
4. It is clarified that all other directions and the conditions specified in the order
dated 15th April, 2004, and the subsequent instructions on the subject shall apply
in the case of advertisements of political nature on Radio.
449
Chapter 32
Election Commissions ORDER DATED
18TH March 2009
Nirvachan Sadan, Ashoka Road, New Delhi-110001.
No. 509/75/2004-JS-I/RCC/Vol.II
2009
Dated: 18th March,
To,
The Chief Electoral Officer of
All States/Union Territories.
Subject: Advertisement of political nature on TV channels and cable networks
and on Radio - clarification.
Sir/Madam,
Please refer to the Commissions order No. 509/75/2004/JS-I, dated 15th April,
2004, regarding scrutinizing of applications for certification for telecast on TV
channels and cable networks. By its subsequent order dated 21st November, 2008,
the directions in the said order have been made applicable for advertisement on
Radio during the period of general election.
2. As per the above-referred order dated 15th April, 2004, the committee set up in
the office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Delhi, is to deal with applications of all
political parties having headquarters in Delhi. All the 7 National parties and a few
State parties have office in Delhi. It is possible that the State units of these parties
may also sponsor applications for focusing on individual States. In such cases, it is
clarified that the applications from State units of the National parties may be
submitted to the committee in the States concerned. However, the applications
from the central office of the National and State parties with headquarters in Delhi
will continue to be scrutinized by the committee in Delhi. In the case of State
parties, applications from the units of the parties in States other than where they
have their headquarters shall also be dealt with by the committee in the States
concerned where the State units are submitting applications.
3. It is also clarified that applications from individual candidates for
advertisements, both on TV and Radio, shall be made to the committee headed by
the Returning Officer of the constituency concerned.
450
4. The Commission has also directed that when the certificate for
telecast/broadcast is issued by the committee, an authenticated copy of the
transcript as approved by the committee should also be handed over to the
applicant, and at the same time, the committee should retain a copy of the approved
transcript and an electronic copy of the material certified for telecast/broadcast.
5. These instructions may be brought to the notice of all concerned, and also to the
political parties based in your State, including the State units of recognized political
parties.
Yours faithfully,
Sd/
Copy to the President, Secretary of all recognized National and State Political
parties
451
Chapter 33
Election Commissions Order Dated
19th March, 2009
No.3/ER/2009/SDR
2009
Dated : 19th March,
To,
The Chief Electoral Officer of All States/Union Territories.
Sub: Advertisement of political nature on TV channels, cable network and
Radio.
In continuation of the letter of even number, dated 18th March, 2009, the
Commission gives the following further clarifications in the matter of applications
for certification of political advertisements on TV channels/cable networks/Radio:
(i) If the Central Office of any of the National Parties or the State Parties with
headquarters in Delhi seeks certification of same advertisement in multiple
languages (Hindi/English and in regional languages), the advertisement material
in each of the languages alongwith certified transcripts should be submitted to the
committee in the office of the CEO, Delhi. In addition, in such cases, the applicant
should also submit a duly sworn affidavit stating, as is done in the Courts, that the
regional language version of the advertisement is a true translation of the
advertisement in Hindi/English and the applicant will be responsible for any
mistake therein.
(ii) If the Central Office of any of the National Parties or the State Parties with
headquarters in Delhi wishes to seek certification of advertisement in any regional
language (without there being any Hindi/English version of the advertisement), the
application seeking certification will have to be submitted to the committee in the
office of the CEO of the State concerned (i.e. the State to which the regional language
pertains).
(iii) Any advertisement certified for telecast/broadcast by the committee in the
office of the CEO, Delhi, on application from the Central Office of the National
Parties and the State Parties with headquarters in Delhi, will be valid for
telecast/broadcast throughout India in all States and UTs. No separate certification
would be required in such cases from the committees in other States. However, the
452
parties should submit a copy of the certificate obtained from the committee in Delhi
to the Chief Electoral Officer of the State in which such advertisements are
proposed to be telecast/broadcast. The copy should be submitted with a
declaration that the same is a true copy of the certificate issued from the committee
in Delhi and this should be submitted to the CEO in the State concerned before the
advertisement is telecast/broadcast.
2. The above clarifications may be brought to the notice of all authorities in the
State. A copy of this should be given to the screening committee functioning for this
purpose in the office of the CEO.
Yours faithfully,
Sd/
Copy to:- All recognized National parties and Samajwadi Party, J&K National
Panthers Party, Janata Dal (Secular) and Janata Dal (United). Lok Jan Shakti Party
and All India Forward
453
Chapter 34
ELECTION COMMISSIONS Guidelines
on Paid News
No. 491/Paid News/2012/Media
Dated: 27 th August, 2012
To,
Chief Electoral Officer of all the States/UTs
Sub: Measures to check Paid News during elections i.e. advertisement in
garb of news in Media and related matters revised guidelines regarding.
Sir/Madam,
I am directed to invite your attention to the subject cited and to state that the
Commission has issued order No. 509/75/2004/JS-1 dated 15th April, 2004
consequent upon order of the Honble Supreme Court of India in SLP No.
6679/2004. (Ministry of Information and Broadcasting vs. M/s Gemini TV Pvt. Ltd
and Others) requiring the constitution of a committee for previewing, scrutinizing
and verifying all advertisements by individual contesting candidates or political
parties, before it is inserted in the electronic media. The Commission issued further
guidelines vide its letters of even no. dated 8th June 2010, 23rd September 2010, 18th
March 2011 and 16th August 2011, to constitute Media Certification and Monitoring
Committee (MCMC) in each district during election period to take up the
additional task of keeping a check on the cases of Paid News.
In modification of orders on Paid News dated 8th June 2010 and thereafter, I am
directed to state the following:
1. District Level Media certification and Monitoring Committee (MCMC)
1.1 The District level MCMC shall be formed in each district with the following
members:
DEO/RO (of Parliamentary Constituency)
ARO(not below SDM)
Central Govt. I & B Ministry official (if any in the district)
Independent Citizen/Journalist as may be recommended by PCI
DPRO/District Information Officer/equivalent Member Secretary
454
1.1.1 For the purpose of the certification of advertisements as per aforesaid

Supreme Court order, Returning Officer of the parliamentary constituency/District
Election Officer and an ARO (not below SDM) shall be the members of the MCMC.
However, for the scrutiny of the cases of Paid News etc, District MCMC shall have
three additional members as given at c, d and e.
1.1.2 If Central govt. I &B Ministry Official is not posted in the district, District
Election Officer can appoint preferably a Central Govt. Officer or a senior State
Govt. Officer posted in the district.
1.1.3 If PCI is not providing names to be included in the MCMC, DEO may himself
appoint either an independent senior citizen or journalist, who is willing and as
who, in the opinion of the DEO, is eligible in terms of background and record of
neutrality.
1.1.2 The Member Secretary (DPRO/DIO or equivalent) should be from the
Provincial State Civil Services.
1.2 The committee shall have two distinct sets of functions:
(i) Certification of Advertisements for which two specific members of MCMC i.e.
RO & ARO shall have to consider and decide on such advertisements for
certification.
(ii) Examining complaints/issues of Paid News etc by all members through a
monitoring arrangement.
1.3 The MCMC shall, besides discharging the functions of Certification of
Advertisement and checking of Paid News, would also assist in enforcement of
media related regulations under the RP Act. Hence the Committees functions shall
include:
1.3.1 MCMC shall scan all media ( e.g. newspapers, print media, electronic media,
cable network, internet, mobile network etc) for :
a. suspected cases of paid news (it shall also actively consider paid news cases
referred to it by the Expenditure Observers. It shall intimate the Returning
Officer for issue of notices to candidates for inclusion of actual expenditure on
the published matter or notional expenditure based on DIPR rates in their
election expenses account (in absence of DIPR rates, DAVP rates may be used),
either based on or irrespective of whether the candidate actually has paid or
not paid any amount to the channel/newspaper. A copy of the notice shall also
be marked to Expenditure Observer)
b. monitoring of political advertisements in electronic media (for checking if
the telecast/broadcast has been done only after certification by the Committee)
455
c. monitoring political advertisements in other media, in relation to candidates,

either overt or covert, from Expenditure monitoring angle (this will also
include publicity or advertisement or appeal by, or on behalf of candidate, or
by Star Campaigner(s) or others, to impact candidates electoral prospects)
d. advertisements in print media (MCMC shall check if the advertisement is
with the consent or knowledge of candidate: in which case it will be accounted
for in the election expenses of the candidate(s); however, if the advertisement
is not with the authority from the candidate, then action may be taken for
prosecution of the publisher for violation of Section 171H of IPC)
e. checking if the name and address of the publisher and the printer is carried
on any election pamphlet, poster, hand bill and other document as required
under Section 127A of R.P.A 1951 (If any printed material does not bear on its
face the names and addresses of the printer or the publisher, MCMC shall bring
it to the notice of the RO for further necessary action; For the purpose of section
127 of RPA 1951, Paid News would also fall in the category of other
document)
1.3.2 It shall submit a daily report to Accounting team with copy to RO and
Expenditure Observer in respect of each candidate in the prescribed format (as per
annexure 12 of the prescribed Expenditure Guidelines) w.r.t. expenditure incurred
by the candidate on election advertising or actual expenditure incurred for
publishing the News that is substantiated by necessary documents furnished by
the candidate or notional expenditure as computed by the Committee in the
assessed cases of Paid News.
1.3.3 The MCMC shall create a suitable mechanism for monitoring media and shall
be equipped with adequate manpower and infrastructure for the same.
2. State level MCMC
2.1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
The State level MCMC shall comprise of the following officers:

The Chief Electoral Officer, Chairman
Any Observer appointed by the Election Commission of India
One expert to be co-opted by the Committee.
Officer of Indian Information Service (IIS), (at the level of US/DS) posted in the
State/UT, representing a media Department of Government of India as separate
from the expert at (c) above.
(e) Independent citizen or journalist as nominated by PCI (if any)
(f) Addl/Jt CEO in charge of Media (Member Secretary)
2.1.1 If PCI is not providing names to be included in the Committee, CEO may
456
himself appoint either an independent senior citizen or journalist, who is willing

and who, in the opinion of the CEO, is eligible in terms of background and record of
neutrality.
2.2 The State level MCMC shall perform two sets of functions:
(i)
Deciding appeal from both District and Addl/Jt CEO Committees on
Certification of advertisement as per the aforesaid Commission order dated
15th April 2004.
(ii) Examining all cases of Paid News on appeal against the decision of District
MCMC or cases that they may take up suo motu, in which case it shall direct the
concerned ROs to issue notices to the candidates.
2.2.1 The appeal on certification of advertisements need to be handled by
members at (a),(b) and (c) in the manner specified in the aforesaid order dated
15th April 2004, while the members at (d), (e) & (f) are added to deal with Paid
News cases.
2.2.2 It is clarified that as regards the certification, the appeal from both District
and Addl/Jt CEO Committee will lie only with and will be disposed of by the State
Level MCMC headed by CEO as per Commissions order dated 15 th April, 2004 and
no reference in this regard needs to be made to the Commission.
3. Addl / Joint CEOs Committee on Certification:
The Committee chaired by Addl/Jt CEO for Certification of advertisement,
constituted as per the Commissions 15th April 2004 order shall continue to
function as stated in the aforesaid order and shall have no jurisdiction over cases
of Paid News.
4 . Appeal against decision of State level MCMC on Paid News
Any appeal against the decision of the State level MCMC in matter of Paid News will
be made to the Election Commission of India. The State level MCMC can also make
a reference to the Commission for advice, if it deems it necessary. Wherever
complaints on Paid News cases are made to the Commission directly, the
Commission shall forward cases to the State level MCMC for initial consideration.
5. Paid News Guidelines:
With regard to Paid News, following guidelines may be followed:
5.1 Six months before the due date of normal expiry of Lok Sabha or the State/UT
Legislative Assembly, as the case may be, a list of television channels/radio
channels/newspapers, broadcast/ circulated in the State/UT and their standard
rate cards shall be obtained by the CEOs and provided to all District level MCMCs
for fixing the rates of advertisements.
457
5.2 In case of bye-election to Parliamentary or Assembly constituency, the

standard rate card shall be obtained by the District Election Officer concerned
immediately on announcement of the bye-election.
5.3 In case of any doubt relating to the application of the standard rate card arising,
the matter shall be referred to the DIPR or DAVP, Ministry of I&B, Gov. of India for
advice.
5.4 The CEO and DEOs will brief Political Parties and Media Houses about the above
guidelines before the commencement of the election campaign. Media shall be
asked to exercise self-regulation in this regard. Wide publicity may be given to this
order to make the general public also aware about these guidelines. The thrust of
the briefing will be on the need for self-regulation.
5.5 The cases of suspected Paid News or advertisement or appeal shall have to be
considered within strict timelines as follows:
5.5.1 On reference from District MCMC, RO shall give notice to the candidates within
96 hrs of publication/broadcast/telecast/receipt of complaint to explain/disclose
the expenditure incurred for publishing the news or similar matter, or state why
expenditure should not be computed as per standard rate and added to the
candidates expenditure. The same timeline will apply when State level MCMC takes
up cases suo motto or on the basis of complaints.
5.5.2 District /State level MCMC shall decide on the reply expeditiously and
convey to the Candidate/Party its final decision. In case no reply is received by
District MCMC from the candidate within 48 hrs of serving of notice, the decision of
MCMC will be final.
5.5.3 If decision of District level MCMC is not acceptable to the candidate, he/she
may appeal to State level MCMC within 48 hrs of receipt of decision, with
information to the District MCMC.
5.5.4 The State level MCMC shall dispose of the case within 96 hrs of receipt of
appeal and convey the decision to the Candidate with a copy to District level MCMC.
5.5.5 The Candidate may appeal against the decision of State level MCMC to ECI
within 48 hrs of receiving of order from this Committee. The decision of ECI shall
be final.
5.6 The entire process shall ordinarily be completed within Election period.
6. It has been observed that in certain cases, notices on paid news has been issued
in large numbers while further action on the same remain pending. MCMCs may
ensure that due deliberation takes place on each case and only cases that appear to
458
be suspected cases of Paid News are referred to the RO for issue of notice to the
candidate. While seeing that frivolous cases are not taken up, MCMC should ensure
that there is no laxity on checking actual Paid News.
7. Where the suspected cases of Paid News are decided as a Paid News either at
District level/CEO level/Commission level, as the case may be, the actual/notional
expenditure shall be treated as part of election expenses of the Candidate
concerned, with due intimation to him/her or his/her agent.
Where the District/State level Committee or ECI decides that it is a Paid News case,
such cases shall be conveyed to Press Council of India for further action in relation
to the media concerned.
*****

No. 491/Paid News/2012/Media
October, 2012
To
Chief Electoral Officer of all the States/UTs
Dated: 9th
Subject:- Measures to check Paid News during elections i.e. advertisement in

grab of news in Media and related matters revised guidelines regarding.
2012 on the subject cited I am directed to say that the para 5.5.2 of the said letter,
with partial modification may now be read as The candidate shall reply to the
notice received from District/State level MCMC within 48 hrs of receiving of notice.
If no reply is received from the candidate within stipulated time, the decision of
MCMC will be final. District/State level MCMC shall decide on the reply
expeditiously, preferably with in 48 hrs of receiving of reply and convey to the
candidate/party its final decision.
Yours faithfully,
Sd/
FAQs on Paid News

Q 1. What does Paid News mean?
459
A. Paid News has been defined by PCI as Any news or analysis appearing in any
media (Print & Electronic) for a price in cash or kind as consideration. The
Commission has generally accepted the definition given by PCI.
Q 2. What is difference between advertisement and news?
A. PCI guidelines say- news should be clearly demarcated from advertisements by
printing disclaimers should be strictly enforced by all publications. As far as news
is concerned, it must always carry a credit line and should be set in typeface that
would distinguish it from advertisements. Besides, advertisement is meant to
promote, while news is meant to inform.
Q 3. What made ECI to check Paid News?
A. Commission experienced the problem of Paid News on the ground during the
electoral process.Political parties and media groups had approached the
Commission requesting for strong steps against Paid News. Parliament also
discussed the issue. There was consensus among all political parties in their
meeting with the Commission on 4th October 2010 and again on 9th March, 2011
that stringent measures should be taken against Paid News.
Q 4. What are the adverse effects of Paid News?
A. 1. In the election arena, Paid News misleads the public, causes undue influence
on voters and affects their Right to Information.
2. It seeks to circumvent election expenditure laws/ceiling, through convert
expenditure.
3. It disturbs the level playing field among political parties & candidates.
Q 5. How to keep a check on Paid News?
A. 1. Self regulation by media and political functionaries.
2. Strict use of existing mechanisms to curb the menace in the electoral field.
3. Sensitize people and stakeholders on the subject.
Q 6. Step taken by the ECI to make Paid News on electoral offence?
A. the Commission has proposed Amendment in the R P Act 1951, to provide
therein that publishing and abetting the publishing of Paid News for furthering the
prospect of election of any candidate or fur prejudicially affecting the prospect of
election of any candidate be made an electoral offence under chapter- III of PartVII of the R P Act, 1951 with punishment of a minimum of two years imprisonment.
Q 7. What mechanism has been developed by the ECI to curb Paid News?
A. the Commission has appointed Media Certification & Monitoring Committee
(MCME) at District level and State level to monitor media for Paid News. They
scrutinize all newspapers and electronic media, in order to locate political
advertisement in the garb of news coverage and take necessary action against the
concerned candidates.
460
Q 8. What is District level MCMC and its functions?

A. District MMC examines complaints/issue of Paid News through a monitoring
arrangement. It scan all media e.g. print media, electronic media, cable network,
etc. In the suspected cases of Paid News, it intimates the Returning Officer for issue
of notices to candidates for inclusion of actual expenditure on the published matter
in their election expenses account or notional expenditure based on DIPR/DAVP
rates in their election expenses account irrespective of whether the candidate
actually has paid or not paid any amount to the channel/newspaper according to
his/her own statement. District MCMC decides on the rely in a time-bound manner
from the candidate and convey to the candidate/party its final decision.
Q 9. What is State level MCMC and its functions?
A. State level Media Certification and Monitoring Committee (MCMC) examines all
cases of Paid News on appeal against the decision of District Level MCMC and cases
that they make take up suo motu, in which it directs the concerned Returning
Officer to issue notice to the candidate. The State level MCMC shall dispose of the
case within 96 hrs of receipt of appeal and convey the decision to the Candidate
with a copy to District level MCMC.
Q 10. Where appeal can be made against the decision of State level MCMC?
A. The candidate may appeal against the decision District level MCMC to State level
MCMC and against the decision of State level MCMC to Election Commission of
India. The decision of the Commission is final.
Q 11. What is time frame for making appeal against the decision of District
level and State level MCMCs?
A. If the decision of District level MCMC is not acceptable to the candidate, he/she
may appeal to State level MCMC within 48 hrs of receipt of decision, with
information to the District level MCMC. The candidate may also appeal against the
decision of State level MCMC to Election Commission of India within 48 hrs of
receiving of order form this Committee. The decision of the Commission is final.
Q 12. What is the action against media house in the decided cases of Paid
News?
A. Once the cases are decided as Paid News, the Commission refers the cases of
print media and electronic media to PCI and the National Broadcasting Standards
Authority (NBSA) respectively for taking necessary action in the matter.
Q 13. What are the criteria to adjudge paid news?
A. there can only be illustrations but no clinching or exhaustive list available from
any authenticated source. Some of the illustrations are :a. Identical articles with photographers and headlines appearing in competing
publications either carrying by-lines of different authors around the same time or
without any authors name.
461
b. On the same page of specific newspapers, article praising competing candidates

claiming that both are likely to win the same elections.
c. News item stating that one candidate is getting the support of each and every
section of society eulogizing him and that he would win elections from the
constituency.
d. Small events involving a candidate being given exaggerated/repeated coverage
and/or the opponents news are not covered at all.
e. PCI case decision on Paid News and previous decisions by MCMC of ECI can also
serve as sources of guidance
FAQs on Certification of Advertisements and MCMC
Q 1. What is certification of advertisement?
A. Clearance of political advertisements by a committee before being telecast on
television channels and cable networks and social media sites by any registered
political party or by any group of organization/association or by any contesting
candidate during elections.
Q 2. What are the types of Committees for certification and their functions?
A. 1. For certification of political advertisements form individual candidate, the
Committee comprises:
(i) Returning Officer (of Parliamentary Constituency)\
(ii) Assistant Returning Officer (not below Sub Divisional Magistrate)
This Committee entertains applications for certification of an advertisings
proposed to be issued on cable network or television channel by an individual
candidate contesting election from the Parliamentary Constituency concerned or
candidate contesting in assembly constituency failing within that Parliamentary
Constituency.
The above two officials are already the members of the District level MCMC along
with some other members who do not have a role in such certification.
2. State level Media Certification Committee with following composition:
(i) The Addll/Joint CEO- Chairperson
(ii) Returning Officer of any Parliamentary constituency located in the capital of
State
(iii) One expert being an officer not below the rank of Class-I officer to be
requisitioned from Ministry of I&B.
This Committee entertains the applications for certification received from all
recognized and registered political parties having their headquarter in that
State/UT, organizations, associations having their registered office in that
State/UT.
3. The State level Appellatae Committee with the following members:
(i) The Chief Electoral Officer- Chairperson
(ii) Any Observer appointed by the Election Commission of India
(iii) One expert to be co-opted by the Committee.
462
The State Level Appellate Committee entertains complaints/grievances/appeal of

any political party or candidate or any other person in regard to decision to grant
or refuse certification by Constituency level Committee and State level Committee
headed by Addl/ Jt CEO Committees.
4. Delhi based Committee with the following composition(i) The Joint Chief Electoral Officer- Chairperson
(ii) Returning Officer of any Parliamentary Constituency in Delhi
(iii) One expert being an officer not below the rank of Class- I officer to be
requisitioned from Ministry of I&B.
Q 3. Time limits for application for certification?
A. for recognized National and State party, registered and unregistered party and
every contesting candidate, not later than three days prior to the date of the
proposed commencement of the telecast of the advertisement. In case of any other
organization/association, it should be not later than seven days prior to the date
of the telecast.
Q 4. What are the documents required to be attached with application for
certification?
A. The application should be accompanied by two copies of the proposed
advertisement in electronic form along with duly attested transcript thereof. Apart
from this the application for certification shall also contain following details:
1)
Cost of production of advertisement.
2)
The approximate cost of proposed telecast of such advertisement on a
television channel or cable network with the break-up of number of insertions and
rate proposed to be charged for each such insertion.
3)
Statement whether the advertisement inserted is for the benefit of the
prospects of election of a candidate(s)/parties.
4)
If the advertisement is issued by any person other than a political party or a
candidate, that person shall state on oath that it is not for the benefit of any
political party or a candidate and that the said advertisement has not been
sponsored or commissioned or paid for by any political party or a candidate.
5)
A statement that all the payment shall be made by cheque or demand draft
.
Q 5. What is a District level MCMC and what are its duties?
A. (i) Composition of District level MCMC(a) DEO/RO (of parliamentary Constituency)
(b) ARO (not below SDM)
(c) Central Govt. I&B Ministry official ( if any in the district)
(d) Independent Citizen/Journalist as may be recommended by PCI
(e) DPRO/District Information Officer/equivalent-Member Secretary
463
(ii) Duties:
1.
Scan the political advertisements in electronic media for checking if the
telecast/broadcast has been done only after certification by the Committee.
2.
Monitoring the political advertisements in other media, in relation to
candidates overt or covert from expenditure monitoring angle this will also include
publicity or advertisement or appeal by or on behalf or candidate, or by Star
Campaigner(s) or others to impact candidates electoral prospects.
3.
Monitoring, if any advertisement in print media is published with the
consent ore knowledge of candidate in which case it will be accounted for in the
election expenses of the candidate(s). However if the advertisement is not with the
authority from the candidate, then action may be taken for prospe4ctin of the
publisher for violation of 171H of IPC .
4.
Checking, if the name and address of the publisher and the printer is printed
on any election pamphlet, poster handbill and other documents as required under
section 127A of the RP Act 1951.
5.
Submission of daily report to Expenditure Accounting team with a copy to
RO and Expenditure Observer in respect of each candidate in the prescribed format
w.r.t. expenditure incurred by the candidate on election advertising or actual
expenditure incurred for publishing the news.
Q 6. Does the Media Certification Committee at Constituency/district or State
level has the right to refuse to give certification of an advertisement, if does
not find fit to be telecast?
A. Yes, the above Committee has the righty to refuse to give certification of an
advertisement, if does not find fit to be telecast.
Q 7. Which Committee will certify advertisement of National Party in regional
language?
A. If any National Party or State Party with Headquarters in Delhi wishes to seek
certification of advertisement in any regional language ,the application has to be
submitted to the State Level Committee of the State concerned (to which the
regional language pertains).
Q 8. In the case of same advertisement of a National Party in multiple
languages, which Committee will certify it?
A. If a National Party seeks certification of the same advertisement in
Hindi/English and in regional languages, the advertisement material in each of the
languages along with certified transcript of each should be submitted to the
Committee in Delhi along with an affidavit affirming that the regional language
versions are true translation of the advertisement in Hindi/English and that the
applicant will be responsible for any mistake therein. The certificate issued by the
committee in Delhi will be sufficient for the advertisements in regional languages.
The party should submit a copy of the certificate issued from Delhi to the Chief
Electoral Officer of the other State concerned along with declaration that the copy
of certificate is a true copy of the original issued by the committee in Delhi.
Q 9. Where appeal can be made against the order of above Committee.
464
A. Any political party or candidate can make an appeal against the order of above
Committee to State level Appellate Committee.
Q 10. Who will entertain the appeal against the order of State level Appellate
Committee?
A. Supreme Court
Q 11. Whether the decisions of the above Committees are legally binding?
A. Yes, Supreme Court vide there order dt. 13th April, 2004 authorized the
Commission to constitute the Committees for the certification of political
advertisements.
465
Chapter 35
INSTRUCTIONS OF THE COMMISSION
WITH RESPECT TO USE OF SOCIAL
MEDIA IN ELECTION CAMPAIGNING
Nirvachan Sadan, Ashoka Road, New Delhi 110001.
No. 491/SM/2013/Communication
Dated: 25th October, 2013
To,
1. Chief Electoral Officers
of all States and Union Territories
2. Presidents/General Secretaries
of All National/State recognized Political Parties.
Sir,
The Commissions attention was drawn to use of social media for election
campaigning and also certain violations of the Electoral Law in the social media,
which need to be regulated in the interest of transparency and level playing field in
the elections.
Social media refers to the means of interactions among people in which they create,
share, and/or exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and
networks. It differentiates from traditional/industrial media in many aspects such
as quality, reach, frequency, usability, immediacy, and permanence. The prevalence
of Web and social media has increased over the years and there have been demands
from the political and social groups to regulate the social media during elections as
other media is regulated.
There are broadly five different types of social media:
a) collaborative projects (for example, Wikipedia)
b) blogs and micro blogs (for example, Twitter)
466
c) content communities (for example, YouTube)

d) social networking sites (for example, Facebook)
e) virtual game-worlds (e.g., Apps)
Legal provisions relating to election campaigning apply to social media in the same
manner in which they apply to any other form of election campaigning using any
other media. Since social media is a relatively new form of media, it appears
necessary to clarify to all concerned by the following instructions:A.
Information to be given by candidates about their social media
accounts.
Candidates are required to file affidavits in Form-26 at the time of filing of
nominations. Detailed instructions and the format in which the affidavits have to
be filled were issued vide the Commissions letter No. 3/4/2012/SDR dated 24,
August, 2012. Para 3 of this Form requires that email ID of the candidate, if any,
should be communicated to the Commission in this Form. The Commission finds it
necessary that authentic social media accounts of candidates should also be
informed to the Commission. This information should be furnished in the said Para
3 as follows:My contact telephone no.(s) is/are.,
my email ID (if any) is ,
my social media accounts (if any) are...
B.
Pre-Certification of Political Advertisements
In pursuance of the Honble Supreme Court of Indias Order in SLP (Civil) N.

6679/2004, dated 13 April,2004, the Commission issued detailed instructions on
this subject vide its order no. 509/75/2004/JS-1/4572 dated 15.04.2004. In this
order, it was stated that every registered/national and State political party and
every contesting candidate proposing to issue advertisements on television
channels and/ or on cable network will have to apply to Election Commission of
India/designated officer for pre-certification of all political advertisements on
electronic media before the publication. The order was further modified and
consolidated vide Commissions order dated 27.08.2012, wherein Media
Certification and Monitoring Committees at district and State levels were given the
responsibilities of pre-certification of such advertisement along with other
functions viz acting against Paid News etc. Since social media websites are also
electronic media by definition, therefore, these instructions of the Commission
contained in its order No.509/75/2004/JS-1/4572 dated 15.04.2004 shall also
apply mutatis mutandis to websites including social media websites and shall fall
under the purview of pre-certification. You are, therefore, requested to ensure that
no political advertisements are released to any internet based media/websites,
including social media websites, by political parties/candidates without pre-
467
certification from competent authorities in the same format and following the same
procedures as referred in the aforesaid orders.
C.
Expenditure on campaigning through internet including social media
websites
According to Section 77, sub section (1), of Representation of the People Act, 1951,
every candidate is required to keep a separate and correct account of all
expenditure in connection with the election incurred or authorized by him or by
his election agent between the date on which he has filed nomination and the date
of declaration of the result thereof, both dates inclusive. The Honble Supreme
Court of India had directed in Common Cause Vs. Union of India in 2005 that
political parties should also submit a statement of expenditure of elections to the
ECI and such statements are required to be submitted within 75 days of assembly
elections and 90 days of Lok Sabha elections. It is obvious that expenditure on
election campaign through any advertisement in social media is a part of all
expenditure in connection with the elections.
For the sake of removing any ambiguity, it is hereby directed that candidates and
political parties shall include all expenditure on campaigning, including
expenditure on advertisements on social media, both for maintaining a correct
account of expenditure and for submitting the statement of expenditure. This,
among other things, shall include payments made to internet companies and
websites for carrying advertisements and also campaign related operational
expenditure on making of creative development of content, operational
expenditure on salaries and wages paid to the team of workers employed by such
candidates and political parties to maintain their social media accounts, etc.
D. Application of Model Code of Conduct to content on internet including
social
The Commission has a model code of conduct in place during the elections in
respect of political parties and candidates which remains in force from the date the
elections are announced by the Commission till the completion of elections. It is
clarified that the provisions of model code of conduct and related instructions of
the Commission issued from time to time shall also apply to the content being
posted on the internet, including social media websites, by candidates and political
parties.
E. As far as the content posted by persons other than candidates and political
parties is concerned, the Commission is considering the matter in consultation with
the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology on practical ways to
468
deal with the issue, in so far as they relate to, or can be reasonably connected with,
the election campaigning of political parties and candidates.
These instructions may please be brought to the notice of all concerned
including candidates, political parties, media and election observers for immediate
necessary action.
Yours faithfully,
Sd/
469
Chapter 36
Media Coverage during the period
referred to in Section 126 of RP Act,
1951.
1. Section 126 of the Representation of the People, 1951, prohibits displaying any
election matter by means, inter alia, of television or similar apparatus, during the
period of 48 hours before the hour fixed for conclusion of poll in a constituency.
The relevant portions of the said Section 126 are re-produced below: (126. Prohibition of public meeting during period of forty-eight hours ending with
hour fixed for conclusion of poll(1) No person shall
(a) .
(b) Display to the public any election matter by means of cinematograph,
television or other similar apparatus;
(c) .
In any polling area during the period of forty-eight hours ending with the
hour fixed for the conclusion of the poll for any election in the polling area.
(2) Any person who contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1) shall be
punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with
fine, or with both.
(3) In this Section, the expression election mater means any matter intended
or calculated to influence or affect the result of an election.)
2. During elections, there are sometimes allegations of violation of the provisions
of the above Section 126 of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 by TV
channels in the telecast of their panel discussions/debates and other news and
current affairs programmes. The Commission has clarified in the past that the said
Section 126 prohibits displaying any election matter by means, inter alia, of
television or similar apparatus, during the period of 48 hours ending with the hour
fixed for conclusion of poll in a constituency. Election matter has been defined in
that Section as any matter intended or calculated to influence or affect the result of
an election. Violation of the aforesaid provisions of Section 126 is punishable with
imprisonment up to a period of two years, or with fine or both.
3. In this connection, attention is also invited to Section 126A of the R.P. Act 1951,
which prohibits conduct of Exit poll and dissemination of their results.
470
4. The Commission once again reiterates that the TV/Radio channels and cable
networks
should
ensure
that
the contents of
the programme
telecast/broadcast/displayed by them during the period of 48 hours referred to in
Section 126 do not contain any material, including views/appeals by
panelists/participants that may be construed as promoting/prejudicing the prospect
of any particular party or candidate(s) or influencing/affecting the result of the
election.
5. Concerned TV/Radio/Cable/FM channels are free to approach the
state/district/local authorities for necessary permission for conducting any
broadcast related events which must also conform to the provisions of the model code
of conduct and the programme code laid down by the Ministry of Information and
Broadcasting under the Cable Network (Regulation) Act with regard to decency,
maintenance of communal harmony, etc. They are also required to stay within the
provisions of Commissions guidelines dated 27th August, 2012 regarding paid news
and related matters. Concerned Chief Electoral Officer/District Election Officer will
take into account all relevant aspects including the law and order situation while
extending such permission.
6. Attention of all media is also drawn to the following guidelines issued by Press
Council of India to follow for observance during the election:
(i) It will be the duty of the Press to give objective reports about elections and the
candidates. The newspapers are not expected to indulge in unhealthy election
campaigns, exaggerated reports about any candidate/party or incident during the
elections. In practice, two or three closely contesting candidates attract all the
media attention. While reporting on the actual campaign, a newspaper may not
leave out any important point raised by a candidate and make an attack on his or
her opponent.
(ii) Election campaign along communal or caste lines is banned under the election
rules. Hence, the Press should eschew reports, which tend to promote feelings of
enmity or hatred between people on the ground of religion, race, caste, community
or language.
(iii) The Press should refrain from publishing false or critical statements in regard
to the personal character and conduct of any candidate or in relation to the
candidature or withdrawal of any candidate or his candidature, to prejudice the
prospects of that candidate in the elections. The Press shall not publish unverified
allegations against any candidate/party.
(iv) The Press shall not accept any kind of inducement, financial or otherwise, to
project a candidate/party. It shall not accept hospitality or other facilities offered
to them by or on behalf of any candidate/party.
471
The Press is not expected to indulge in canvassing of a particular

candidate/party. If it does, it shall allow the right of reply to the other
candidate/party.
The Press shall not accept/publish any advertisement at the cost of

public exchequer regarding achievements of a party/government in
power.
The Press shall observe all the directions/orders/instructions of the

Election Commission/Returning Officers or Chief Electoral Officer
issued from time to time.
The above guidelines should be duly observed for compliance by all the
concerned media.
472
Chapter 37
PRESS COUNCIL OF INDIAS GUIDELINES
ON ELECTION REPORTING-1996
General Election is a very important feature of our democracy and it is
imperative that the media transmits to the electorate fair and objective reports of
the election campaign by the contesting parties. Freedom of the Press depends to a
large measure on the Press itself behaving with a sense of responsibility. It is,
therefore, necessary to ensure that the media adheres to this principle of fair and
objective reporting of the election campaign.
The Press Council has, therefore, formulated the following guidelines to the
media for observance during elections:
1. It will be the duty of the Press to give objective reports about elections and the
candidates. The newspapers are not expected to indulge in unhealthy election
campaigns, exaggerated reports about any candidate/party or incident during the
elections. In practice, two or three closely contesting candidates attract all the
media attention. While reporting on the actual campaign, a newspaper may not
leave out any important point raised by a candidate and make an attack on his or
her opponent.
2. Election campaign along communal or caste lines is banned under the election
rules. Hence, the Press should eschew reports which tend to promote feelings of
enmity or hatred between people on the ground of religion, race, caste, community
or language.
3. The Press should refrain from publishing false or critical statements in regard to
the personal character and conduct of any candidate or in relation to the
candidature or withdrawal of any candidate or his candidature, to prejudice the
prospects of that candidate in the elections. The Press shall not publish unverified
allegations against any candidate/party.
4. The Press shall not accept any kind of inducement, financial or otherwise, to
project a candidate/party. It shall not accept hospitality or other facilities offered
to them by or on behalf of any candidate/party.
473
5. The Press is not expected to indulge in canvassing of a particular

candidate/party. If it does, it shall allow the right of reply to the other
candidate/party.
6. The Press shall not accept/publish any advertisement at the cost of public
exchequer regarding achievements of a party/ government in power.
7. The Press shall observe all the directions/orders/instructions of the Election
Commission/Returning Officers or Chief Electoral Officer issued from time to time.
8. Whenever the newspapers publish pre-poll surveys, they should take care to
preface them conspicuously identifying the institutions which have carried on such
surveys, the individuals and organisations which have commissioned the surveys,
the size and nature of sample selected the method of selection of the sample for the
findings and the possible margin of error in the findings.
9. In the event of staggered polls, no newspaper shall publish exit-poll surveys,
however, genuine they may be, till the last date of the polls is over.
Guidelines on 'Pre-poll' and 'Exit-polls' Survey-1996
The Press Council of India having considered the question of desirability or
otherwise of publication of findings of pre-poll surveys and the purpose served by
them is of the view that the newspapers should not allow their forum to be used for
distortions and manipulations of the elections and should not allow themselves to
be exploited by the interested parties.
The Press Council, therefore, advises that in view of the crucial position
occupied by the electoral process in a representative democracy like ours, the
newspapers should be on guard against their precious forum being used for
distortions and manipulations of the elections. This has become necessary to
emphasize today since the print media is sought to be increasingly exploited by the
interested individuals and groups to misguide and mislead the unwary voters by
subtle and not so subtle propaganda on casteist, religious and ethnic basis as well
as by the use of sophisticated means like the alleged pre-poll surveys. While the
communal and seditious propaganda is not difficult to detect in many cases, the
interested use of the pre-poll survey, sometimes deliberately planted, is not so easy
to uncover. The Press Council, therefore, suggests that whenever the newspapers
publish pre-poll surveys, they should take care to preface them conspicuously by
indicating the institutions which have carried such surveys, the individuals and
organisations which have commissioned the surveys, the size and nature of sample
selected, the method of selection of the sample for the findings and the possible
margin of error in the findings.
474
Further in the event of staggered poll dates, the media is seen to carry exitpoll surveys of the polls already held. This is likely to influence the voters where
the polling is yet to commence. With a view to ensure that the electoral process is
kept pure and the voters' minds are not influenced by any external factors, it is
necessary that the media does not publish the exit-poll surveys till the last poll is
held.
The Press Council, therefore, requests the Press to abide by the following
guideline in respect of the exit polls:
Guideline:
No newspaper shall publish exit-poll surveys, however, genuine they may be, till
the last of the polls is over.
475
Chapter 38
NEWS BROADCASTING STANDARDS
AUTHORITYS (NBSA) GUIDELINES FOR
ELECTION BROADCASTS
Availability of accurate, objective and complete information to enable citizens to
exercise their franchise based upon a well informed choice, is the basic
requirement of free and fair elections. The purpose of the following guidelines is
to ensure that broadcast of news and current affairs programmes and all other
content on a news channel pertaining to elections and election related matters is
fair and balanced, that is being objective, accurate and duly verified:
1. News broadcasters should endeavour to inform the public in an objective
manner, about relevant electoral matters, political parties, candidates,
campaign issues and voting processes as per rules and regulations laid down
under the Representation of People Act 1951 and by the Election Commission
of India.
2. News channels shall disclose any political affiliations, either towards a party or
candidate. Unless they publicity endorse or support a particular party or
candidate, news broadcasters have a duty to be balanced and impartial,
especially in their election reporting.
3. News broadcasters must endeavor to avoid all forms of rumor, baseless
speculation and disinformation, particularly when these concern specific
political parties or candidates. Any candidate/political party, which has been
defamed or is a victim of misrepresentation, misinformation or other similar
injury by broadcast of information should be afforded prompt correction, and
where appropriate granted an opportunity of reply.
4. News broadcasters must resist all political and financial pressures which may
affect coverage of elections and election related matters.
5. News broadcasters should maintain a clear distinction between editorial and
expert opinion carried on their news channels.
6. News broadcasters that use video feed from political parties should disclose it
and appropriately tagged.
476
7. Special care must be taken to ensure that every element of news/programmes

dealing with elections and election related matters is accurate on all facts
relating to events, dates, places and quotes. If by mistake or inadvertence any
inaccurate information is broadcast, the broadcaster must correct it as soon as
it comes to the boradcasters notice with the same prominence as was given to
the original broadcast.
8. News broadcasters, their journalists and officials must not accept any money, or
valuable gifts, or any favour that could influence or appear to influence, create a
conflict of interest or damage the credibility of the broadcaster or their
personnel.
9. News broadcasters must not broadcast any form of hate speech or other
obnoxious content that may lead to incitement of violence or promote public
unrest or disorder as election campaigning based on communal or caste factors
is prohibited under Election Rules. News broadcasters should strictly avoid
reports which tend to promote feelings or enmity or hatred among people, on
the ground of religion, race, caste, community, region or language.
10. News broadcasters are required scrupulously maintain a distinction between
news and paid content. All paid content should be clearly marked as Paid
Advertisement or Paid Content and paid content must be carried in
compliance with the Norms & Guidelines on Paid News dated 24.11.2011.
11. Special care must be taken to report opinion polls accurately and fairly, by
disclosing to viewers as to who commissioned, conducted and paid for the
conduct of the opinion polls and the broadcast. If a news broadcaster carries
the results of an opinion poll or other election projection, it must also explain
the context, and the scope and limits of such polls with their limitations.
Broadcast of opinion polls should be accompanied by information to assist
viewers to understand the polls significance such as the methodology used, the
sample size, the margin of error, the fieldwork dates, and data used.
Broadcasters should also disclose how vote shares are converted to seat shares.
12. The broadcasters shall not broadcast any election matter i.e. any matter
intended or calculated to influence or affect the result of an election, during the 48
hours ending with the hours fixed for the conclusion of poll in violation of Section
126(1)(b) of The Representation of the People Act 1951.
13. The Election Commission of India (ECI) will monitor the broadcasts made by
news broadcasters from the time elections are announced until the conclusion and
announcement of election results. Any violation by member broadcasters
reported to the News Broadcasting Standards Authority (NBSA) by the Election
Commission will be dealt with by the NBSA under its regulations.
477
14. Broadcasters should, to the extent possible, carry voter education programmes
to effectively inform voters about the voting process, the importance of voting,
including how, when and where to vote, to register to vote and the secrecy of the
ballot.
15. News broadcasters must not air any final, formal and definite results until such
results are formally announced by the Election Commission of India, unless such
results are carried with clear disclaimer that they are unofficial or incomplete or
partial results or projections which should not be taken as final results.
16. These guidelines will apply to all National Assembly, Municipal and Local
Elections held in India.
Norms & Guidelines on Paid News
Members/ Associate Members of the News Broadcasters Association (NBA) do
not indulge in the malpractice of paid-news. However, since paid news is a
critical ethics issue, it is in the highest interest of the public and of our
democracy, and equally in the best interest of maintaining the credibility of the
news broadcast industry, that strict norms and guidelines be laid down to preempt and prevent this malaise.
In this regard, the following norms and guidelines have been framed which all
Members/Associate Members of NBA are required to adhere to strictly:
1. Definitions:
For purposes of these norms and guidelines,
1.1 Entity shall mean and include a person (whether natural or legal),
company, partnership firm, sole proprietorship concern, society, trust,
political party, association of persons and any other organisation of like
nature;
1.2 Immediate Relatives shall mean and include immediate relations of
Persons-in-Charge i.e. spouse, parents, siblings, children, dependents and
significant others;
1.3 Paid News shall mean and include news (whether political news,
business news, sports news, entertainment news or news relating to any
other field) reported or omitted to be reported (whether by way of news
bulletins, current affairs programmes, special programmes or any other
programmes by whatever name called), in consideration of, or as quid pro
quo for, any financial or non-financial benefit or reward whatsoever;
1.4 Persons-in-Charge shall mean and include members of the Board of
Directors, persons holding positions of monitoring and control over the
editorial, publication and/or management functions of a news broadcasting
organization, including without limitation executive directors, chief
478
executive officers, editors and producers, of the news broadcasting

organization (and its singular shall be construed accordingly);
2. No news broadcasting organization shall broadcast or be associated in any
manner with the broadcast of Paid News.
3. Every news broadcasting organization and every Person-in-Charge shall
disclose to the public on the web-site/s of the news broadcasting organization any
shareholding, investment, other equity participation or financial interests or
conflict of interest of any nature whatsoever (including specifically any private
treatise), in or with, any Entity. Disclosure shall also be made by every Personin-Charge of such shareholding, investment, other equity participation or financial
interests or conflict of interest of any nature whatsoever (including specifically
any private treatise) of Immediate Relatives in respect of any Entity.
4. A news broadcasting organization and/or Person-in-Charge of the news
broadcasting organization shall not accept any financial or non-financial interest,
benefit or reward of any nature whatsoever, whether in or as cash, loan, gift,
discount, hospitality or entertainment etc. from or on behalf of, any Entity, for or
in consideration of, reportage of any news of, or relating to, such Entity.
5. Every news broadcasting organization shall disclose on their website the names
of their nominee/s or representative/s on the Board of Directors, Managing
Committee or Governing Body etc. of any Entity.
6. Every news broadcasting organization shall disclose conspicuously in an
appropriate manner during broadcast of a program, on their television channel/s
and on their website/s, including during a news, current affairs, sports,
entertainment or promotional broadcast as to whether the content of such
broadcast has been paid for by or on behalf of the Entity that is subject matter of
such broadcast in any manner whatsoever ; and whether such broadcast is an
advertorial or other media marketing initiative.
7. Considering the singular importance of the electoral process in a democracy, a
news broadcasting organization shall not accept any financial or non-financial
consideration, benefit or reward (including sponsorship) from any Entity, for or in
relation to any news (including opinion polls or other similar programs) relating
predominantly to elections or to any candidate or political party in relation to any
elections;
Provided that a news broadcasting organization may broadcast any special
reportage or program, of or relating to, any candidate or political party in relation
to any elections, which special reportage or program may be sponsored or
otherwise paid- for, so long as it is prominently and clearly disclosed during such
special reportage or program that it is so sponsored or paid-for.
8. All news, reportage or other programs relating predominantly to elections shall
be monitored and supervised by a person holding the senior-most executive
479
editorial post (by whatever designation called), who shall be responsible for any
misreporting or other violation of these norms and guidelines.
9. The above norms and guidelines shall apply equally to all journalists, reporters
and stringers, working for or associated with, a news broadcasting organization
except that such journalists, reporters and stringers shall furnish such
information in writing in respect of any shareholding, investment, other equity
participation or financial interests or conflict of interest of any nature whatsoever,
which exists with regard to any subject matter on which he/she/they is/are
reporting to the person holding the senior-most executive editorial post at the
channel. It shall be the prerogative of such editor to permit a journalist, reporter
or stringer to continue working on such subject matter or to get him/her to recuse
from reporting on such subject matter.
10. It is clarified that any violation of these norms shall be subject to the procedure
and consequences provided under the News Broadcasting Standards (Disputes
Redressal) Regulations, including all provisions of Regulation 7.1 of the said
Regulations.
Provided however that the limit of fine that may be imposed under Regulation 7.1
of the Regulations for any breach or violation of these norms and guidelines shall
not be restricted to Rs.1 lac and in case of any such breach or violation, the News
Broadcasting Standards Authority shall be entitled to impose upon a news
broadcasting organization, fine of upto ten-times the financial or non-financial
consideration, benefit or reward (including sponsorship) received for the
broadcast of Paid News.
480
ANNEXURE I Important Orders of ECI

Application of Indelible Ink on Electors Finger
481
Assessment and Inventory of Polling Stations Basic Minimum

Facilities
482
483
484
485
486
Electoral Roll in Urdu Language
487
488
Order Regarding Bulk SMSs
489
490
Printing of Photographs of Candidates on Ballot Paper
491
492
Standardised Voting Compartments
493
494
Storage and Saftety arrangements for the EVMs
495
496
497
498
499
Symbol Order Amendment Notification
500
501
502
503
504
505
Transfers/Postings of Officers
506
507
508
Guidelines on Transparency
509
510
Important Links
http://eci.nic.in/
http://ceobihar.nic.in/
http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/compendium/compendium_on_paid_news_11092015.pdf
http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/compendium/COMPENDIUM_EEM_JULY-2015_English.pdf
Statistical Reports of Bihar Assembly Elections for 2010, 2005, 2000

http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2010/stat_BR_Nov2010.pdf
http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_Oct2005/StatisticalReports_BH_2005.pdf
http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2000/STAI_REPORT_LA-BR-2000.pdf
Disclaimer: This Media Resource Book for Bihar Assembly Elections 2015 has
been prepared by the Press Information Bureau (PIB) solely for the purpose of
providing information about past General Elections (Parliamentary / Assembly)
conducted by the Election Commission of India (ECI) to the media persons. Though
all efforts have been made by the officers of the PIB to ensure the accuracy &
currency of the contours of this book, the same should not be construed as a
statement of law or used for any legal purposes. In case of any ambiguity or
doubts, readers are advised to verify /check with the website of ECI or other
sources.
511
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Statistical Sources & References: The Statistical information/data of past

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9TH September, 2015

Total No. of Assembly Reserved

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for Reserved for STs

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Total No. of Electors

Photo Electoral Rolls

Electors Photo Identity Cards (EPIC)

electoral rolls are as follows:

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No. of Polling Stations

Polling Parties and Randomization

Three-stage randomization will be adopted. First, from a wider district database of

Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs)

Commission has already made arrangements to ensure availability of adequate number

Media Resource Book for Bihar Assembly Elections 2015

VVPAT ( Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail)

(10) Photographs of Candidates on Ballot Paper

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Law and Order and Deployment of Forces

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Expenditure Observers and Assistant Exp. Observers from Central Government

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level. Revised comprehensive instruction on Paid News are available on the

Media Resource Book for Bihar Assembly Elections 2015

(23) Conduct of Officials

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Complaint redressal mechanism Call Center and Website based

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Last Date of Making

Date before which

the Election Shall be

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No. and Name of Assembly Constituency

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List of Thirty Two (32) Assembly Constituencies going to polls in Phase-2:

No. and Name of Assembly Constituency

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Media Resource Book for Bihar Assembly Elections 2015