Table of Contents

Title page..............................................................................................................................................2
Source texts..........................................................................................................................................3
Source text 1................................................................................................................................3
Source text 2................................................................................................................................6
Source text 3................................................................................................................................9
Source text 4..............................................................................................................................12
Source text 5..............................................................................................................................14
Topic overview...................................................................................................................................17
ROEN translation...........................................................................................................................19
ENRO translation...........................................................................................................................20
List of terms........................................................................................................................................21
Definition sources...............................................................................................................................23
Etymology sources.............................................................................................................................24
Etymology..........................................................................................................................................25
English etymology....................................................................................................................25
Romanian etymology................................................................................................................29
Terminological records.......................................................................................................................33
Title page..............................................................................................................................................2
Source texts..........................................................................................................................................3
Source text 1................................................................................................................................3
Source text 2................................................................................................................................6
Source text 3................................................................................................................................9
Source text 4..............................................................................................................................12
Source text 5..............................................................................................................................14
Topic overview...................................................................................................................................17
ROEN translation...........................................................................................................................19
ENRO translation...........................................................................................................................20
List of terms........................................................................................................................................21
Definition sources...............................................................................................................................23
Etymology sources...............................................................................................................................9
Etymology..........................................................................................................................................10
Etimologie..........................................................................................................................................12
Terminological records.......................................................................................................................13

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Nume: Mihai Mihnea-Lucian

Anul de studiu: II
Secia: Traducere i Interpretare
Combinaia de limbi: German A Englez B
Tema aleas: Politica energetic

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Source texts
1. Source text 1: official summary of the Commission Green Paper of 8 March 2006: A
European strategy for sustainable, competitive and secure energy [COM(2006) 105]
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/european_energy_policy/l27062_en.htm
This Green Paper is an important milestone in developing an energy policy for the European Union
(EU). If Europe is to achieve its economic, social and environmental objectives, it has to address
major energy-related issues such as a growing dependence on energy imports, volatile oil and gas
prices, climate change, increasing demand, and obstacles to a fully competitive internal energy
market. The EU must exploit its position as the world's second largest energy market and as world
leader in demand management and the promotion of renewable energy sources.
The Commission asks the Member States to do everything in their power to implement a European
energy policy built on three core objectives:
sustainability - to actively combat climate change by promoting renewable energy sources
and energy efficiency;
competitiveness - to improve the efficiency of the European energy grid by creating a truly
competitive internal energy market;
security of supply - to better coordinate the EU's supply of and demand for energy within
an international context.
[...]
Energy for growth and jobs: completing the internal energy market
The first challenge facing Europe is the need to complete the internal gas and electricity markets.
Many national energy markets are still beleaguered by protectionism and dominated by a few
companies. These national reflexes are bad for consumers because they keep prices high and
infrastructure uncompetitive.
Opening up these markets will create fair competition between companies at European level and
improve the security and competitiveness of the energy supply in Europe. As of July 2007,
consumers will have the legal right to purchase gas and electricity from any supplier in the EU. In
order to make an internal energy market a reality, the following core areas need particular attention:
a European grid with common rules and standards for cross-border trade is needed to give
suppliers harmonised access to national grids. These common rules will be drawn up in
cooperation with grid operators and, if necessary, with a European energy regulator;
a priority interconnection plan to stimulate investment in infrastructure linking the various
national grids, most of which are still not adequately interconnected;
investment in generation capacity to meet peaks in demand can be encouraged by opening
up markets which are truly competitive;
a more clear-cut unbundling of activities to distinguish clearly between those which
generate and those which transmit and distribute gas and electricity. The confusion which is
being created in certain countries is a form of protectionism for which further measures at
Community level could be considered;
boosting the competitiveness of European industry by securing the availability of energy
at affordable prices.
Security of supply: solidarity between Member States
Given Europe's dependence on imported energy and fluctuations in demand, action is needed to
ensure that there is an uninterrupted energy supply. The EU must establish effective mechanisms to
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create emergency stocks and foster solidarity to avoid energy supply crises.
Opening up the markets is one way of guaranteeing a secure energy supply because it creates the
stable, competitive environment in which companies invest. The Commission also proposes
creating a European Energy Supply Observatory to monitor the energy market and identify
potential shortfalls. A mechanism for rapid solidarity could be put in place for cases where a
country's supply is in crisis following damage to its infrastructure.
The EU also needs adequate energy reserves to cope with potential supply disruptions. For this
reason, the Commission proposes re-examining existing legislation from the perspective of security
of supply, particularly with regard to the EU's oil and gas stocks.
Towards a more sustainable, efficient and diverse energy mix
Each Member State is free to choose its own energy mix from the sources available. These choices
are important to Europe's energy security and could be coordinated at European level by means of a
Strategic EU Energy Review.
This Review would offer Member States a clear European framework for choosing their energy
mix. It would take into account the different energy sources available and their impact on the
sustainability, competitiveness and security of energy in the EU. The Review would also serve as a
basis for a transparent and objective debate on the role of nuclear energy in Europe and for
formulating strategic objectives for the overall EU energy mix.
The EU at the forefront of tackling climate change
Increased worldwide energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions are direct causes of global
warming and its alarming consequences. This Green Paper proposes that the EU should position
itself at the forefront of tackling climate change and developing technologies which will ensure that
tomorrow's energy is cleaner and more sustainable.
Energy efficiency is the first area where the EU must continue to lead by example on the world
stage. The goal is to decouple economic growth from energy consumption, i.e. consuming less and
still being more competitive. In its 2005 Green Paper on energy security the Commission showed
that up to 20% of the energy currently used could be saved by 2020. This target is a key element of
the Action Plan on Energy Efficiency to be proposed by the Commission. The Action Plan calls
mainly on the Member States to mobilise all political forces in the fight against excessive energy
consumption.
The Commission also emphasises the role of renewable energy sources, a sector in which the EU
already has half the world market. The Commission will put forward a Renewable Energy Road
Map to create a stable environment in which to develop renewable energies. This Road Map must
review the EU's general and specific objectives for 2020 and draw up a list of measures to promote
the development of clean and renewable energy sources. It will also incorporate biomass initiatives
and aid for electricity generated from renewable energy sources.
Carbon capture and clean fossil fuel technologies must be encouraged so that countries who choose
to can keep carbon-based sources in their energy mix.
[...]
Towards a coherent external energy policy
International dialogue with the EU's energy partners is essential in ensuring the security of supply,
competitiveness and sustainability of energy in Europe. An external energy policy must enable the
EU to respond with one voice to the energy challenges of the coming years.
However, before looking abroad, the EU must formulate a common position with regard to its
energy mix, new infrastructure and energy partnerships with third countries. On the basis of the
Strategic EU Energy Review, the EU will be able to step up dialogue with producer countries and
to respond more effectively to energy supply crises. Moreover, energy is bound to become an
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important element of international dialogue on issues such as climate change and sustainable
development.
The generation and transit of energy also plays an important role in the EU's relations with its
neighbours. The Commission therefore proposes that the EU's energy markets and those of its
neighbours be integrated by creating a pan-European energy community.

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2. Source text 2: official summary of the Commission Communication of 7 December 2005:

The support of electricity from renewable energy sources [COM(2005) 627]
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/renewable_energy/l24452_en.htm
This communication reports on the progress made in achieving the objectives set by the Member
States in the field of renewable energies, as stipulated by the previous 2001 Directive. It focuses
specifically on public support allocated to assist the market penetration of electricity produced from
renewable energy sources (RES-E).
The existing support schemes cover the following:
feed-in tariffs exist in most of the Member States. These systems are characterised by a
specific price, normally set for a period of around seven years, that must be paid by
electricity companies, usually distributors, to domestic producers of green electricity;
the green certificate system, currently in force in Sweden, the United Kingdom, Italy,
Belgium and Poland. RES-E is sold at the conventional market price. In order to finance the
additional cost of producing green electricity, and to ensure that it is generated in sufficient
quantities, all consumers are obliged to purchase a certain number of green certificates from
RES-E producers according to a fixed percentage (quota) of their total electricity
consumption/generation;
tendering systems exist in two Member States (Ireland and France). Under this procedure,
the State issues a series of invitations to tender for the supply of RES-E, which will be sold
at market price. The additional cost is passed on to the final consumer in the form of a
special tax;
tax incentives used exclusively in Malta and Finland.
To assess the performance of these support schemes, it is necessary to:
take into account the substantial differences between the national, regional and agricultural
resources of different Member States. The wider the gap between "generation costs" and
"support", the less the cost-efficient the system is;
take into account the effectiveness of the different support schemes. Effectiveness refers to
the ability of a support scheme to deliver green electricity;
compare the profits from an investor perspective and compare effectiveness so as to indicate
whether the success of a particular policy results above all from substantial financial
incentives or whether there are other aspects that have had a crucial impact on market
distribution in the countries in question.
The different forms of renewable energy affected by this support include:
wind energy, for which analyses show that support is too low for any take-off in a quarter of
the Member States. Another quarter of Member States provide enough support but still
obtain mediocre results. Feed-in tariffs are currently the most effective systems for wind
energy in Germany, Denmark and Spain;
biomass forestry requires the use of straw, which is taken into account in analyses of
biomass forestry. Denmark is the main country using this type of biomass. In close to half of
all European countries, support for this form of renewable energy is still insufficient to
develop this high potential sector;
the biogas sector is closely linked to environmental policy for waste treatment. In nearly
70% of cases not enough support is provided for the development of this technology;
the other renewable energy sources to benefit from this support are hydroelectricity and
photovoltaic solar energy (especially in Germany). There are several other sources of
renewable energy (geothermal, wave, tidal, solar thermal, etc) which, although they receive
support in some Member States, have not yet been developed on an industrial scale.
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Circulation of renewable energy on the internal market

These support schemes for RES-E cannot be separated from the internal electricity market. The
compatibility of the different renewable energy support schemes with the development of the
internal electricity market is essential in the medium and long term. Support for renewable sources
of energy falls under the Community framework for State aid for environmental protection, whereas
at the national level, the rules on State aid can influence the type of support scheme.
The Commission stresses that the market is dominated by one or several power companies that are
too often vertically integrated. The existence of distribution and transport grid operators should
guarantee all generators fair grid access, respecting the rules of competition. That is why the
independence of these grid operators is vital to the proper functioning of the support schemes.
[...]
The support covered by the Community framework for State aid for environmental protection may
distort competition. These economic effects may however be justified and compensated for by the
beneficial effects for the environment. Since the use of renewable energy sources is a priority for
Community policy, the mentioned framework tends to favour support schemes. Some sixty support
schemes for RES-E were already approved by the Commission during the period 2001 to 2004.
Towards a harmonisation of the rules?
Harmonisation between potential and actual development of renewable energies varies greatly
among the Member States. In the short term, harmonisation seems unlikely. The Commission
regards harmonisation of the rules in this sector as being desirable, as any changes to the system in
the short term might disrupt some markets.
Achieving the potential benefits of harmonisation presupposes:
integration of renewable energies on the internal market, making the RES-E sector more
competitive;
reduction of the forecast costs for RES-E to achieve its target share for 2010 on the basis of
a harmonisation of systems such as green certificates and feed-in tariffs. These forecasts
suppose the elimination of market distortions caused by support for conventional energy
sources;
creation of a system of green certificates at the European level that would be more wideranging and therefore more liquid, making it possible to ensure greater price stability on
national markets;
a common feed-in tariff system for the whole of Europe, bearing in mind the availability of
resources at the local level. This could lower the cost of all RES technologies in the different
Member States once installations are no longer reserved for only some of them.
Avoiding the potential disadvantages of harmonisation presupposes:
the absence of any significant fluctuation in the price of green certificates to avoid
increasing investor uncertainty and holding back the development of RES;
costs linked to information on these technologies and keeping such costs low;
development of competitive technologies only, in the context of green certificates, as this
system favours profitability above all else. Investment in other promising technologies
would be insufficient.
Consideration must also be given to Member States that are importers of RES-E. There is a risk that
they will not wish to pay the bill without also benefiting from the advantages at the local level to
which they would have access if the renewable energy were being produced on their territory. In
any case, the exporting countries may not wish to keep an excess capacity of RES if the public is
opposed to building future RES installations on their territory.
Recommendations concerning administrative barriers and grid access
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[...]
Grid access problems play a crucial role in the increase in RES-E generation. The Member States
have largely put the necessary legislative provisions in place whereby grid operators guarantee
transport and distribution. In the view of the Commission, transparent rules are required in order to
meet and share out the necessary cost of investment in the grid, as the absence of such rules is the
source of numerous difficulties.
[...]

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3. Source text 3:
official summary of the Commission Green Paper of 22 June 2005: Energy Efficiency or Doing More With Less [COM(2005) 265]
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/energy_efficiency/l27061_en.htm
official summary of the Commission Communication of 24 April 2011: Smart Grids:
from innovation to deployment [COM(2011) 202]
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/internal_energy_market/en0031_en.ht
m
Why save energy?
The EU depends on energy imports for 50% of its current consumption, a figure that could reach
70% by 2030. This high level of dependence is added to the expected depletion of traditional energy
resources and the insufficient development of renewable resources, three factors that require energy
demand to be controlled in order to do more with less.
In the Green Paper, the Commission estimates that the EU could reduce energy consumption by
20% by 2020, which would release a sum of EUR 60 billion per year for other investments. Such a
level of saving would have a positive impact on EU citizens in two ways. It would reinforce the
competitiveness of European industry within the framework of the Lisbon agenda and could lead to
the creation of a million jobs in related fields (transport management, high energy efficiency
technologies, etc.). A 20% energy saving would also allow the EU to meet its Tokyo commitments
by reducing CO2 emissions in order to protect a healthy environment for the citizens of today and
tomorrow.
In which areas could energy efficiency be strengthened?
If current consumption trends continue, energy consumption in Europe will rise by 10% in the next
fifteen years. The Commission intends to reverse this trend by combating the main forms of energy
waste.
The first sector with a high energy saving potential is transport, representing a third of the EU's total
consumption. The dominance of road transport and its high level petrol dependence are
accompanied by congestion and pollution problems which add to energy waste.
Another area affected by the improvement of energy efficiency is energy production itself.
Depending on the technology used, 40 to 60% of energy necessary for electricity production is lost
in the production process.
Finally, important progress can be made in the buildings sector, either in houses or offices. Heating
and lighting buildings counts for nearly 40% of energy used in the EU and could be managed more
efficiently.
Applying existing measures and thinking of new ones
The Commission emphasises energy saving actions already launched at European level. Out of the
20% of possible savings that could be made by 2020, 10% could result from the full application of
existing legislation, particularly in the transport, heat production and buildings sectors. Effectively
implementing the Intelligent Energy - Europe (2007-13) programme is equally important before
launching new initiatives. Instruments for improving energy efficiency in the EU exist and so must
be used.
The other 10% of energy savings require new laws and new behaviour to be adopted by all players
concerned, i.e. across all public authorities, industries and individuals. The Commission therefore
proposes practical energy saving measures in different sectors to meet the objective of 20% by
2020.
Avenues opened by the Green Paper

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In the transport sector, tax schemes favouring clean and economical vehicles must be put in place to
ensure that the polluter really pays. Similarly, manufacturers supporting energy efficiency must be
rewarded and consumers must be made accountable for issues such as tyre pressure, use of public
transport and car pools. The Commission also wishes to finance research and the development of
alternative fuels. Finally, it calls for better road and air traffic management on a continental scale to
limit congestion and pollution, particularly by using the applications of the GALILEO programme.
In the buildings sector, the Commission intends to encourage industry and consumers to use their
energy better through more economical technology and behaviour. Replacing light bulbs, boilers
and refrigerators with better performing appliances should be encouraged. However, the stand-by
function in electrical appliances seems to be a significant source of electricity waste. The
Commission points out that households can save significant amounts by being more careful with
their energy use, and invites construction companies to apply the legislation transposed at national
level in 2006.
[...]
Smart Grids enable consumers to control and manage their own energy use and therefore contribute
towards establishing a power system that generates less carbon. The European Commission
proposes to use these grids to their full capacity in order to achieve its objectives of reducing
primary energy consumption.
This Communication proposes several actions which aim to develop Smart Grids in order to
contribute effectively to the European Unions (EU) Europe 2020 Strategy for smart, sustainable
and inclusive growth.
According to the European Bio Intelligence study, the use of these grids could:
reduce the annual primary energy consumption of the EU energy sector by almost 9% by
2020;
create new jobs;
generate additional economic growth.
st
1 objective: develop common European Smart Grid standards
Since March 2009, the European Standardisation Organisations (ESOs) such as the European
Committee for Standardization (CEN), the European Committee for Electrotechnical
Standardization (CENELEC) and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
have been responsible for establishing European standards for the interoperability of smart utility
meters (for electricity, gas, water and heat) and smart grids. The results of this research are expected
in 2012 and will be based in part on the Directive on measuring instruments.
The ESOs also have the task of developing new standards for the interoperability of chargers for
electric vehicles with all types of electric vehicles and with all electricity supply points.
The Commission intends to supervise the development of these standards throughout 2011-12.
[...]
3rd objective: incentivise Smart Grid deployment
The deployment of Smart Grids is market-driven. This is the reason why households and
companies should have simple access to consumption information so they can keep their energy
costs down.
Furthermore, investment in Smart Grids should be incentivised. The Electricity Directive and the
Energy Services Directive should enable the emergence of a regulatory framework which provides
incentives for such investment.
The Commission plans to define a methodology using national smart meter implementation plans.
In addition, it encourages Member States to design action plans for establishing Smart Grids.
Specific coordinated action by all the actors involved will be made possible using national
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regulators and the European Network of Transmission System Operators for electricity (ENTSO-E).
4th objective: develop Smart Grids in a competitive retail market in the interest of consumers
Member States must create transparent retail markets and facilitate competition between
providers. Developing Smart Grids in a competitive retail market should encourage consumers to
change their behaviour in terms of energy consumption, because they should have real-time access
to their exact energy consumption.
To complete this market, the Commission plans to revise the Energy Services Directive in order to
draw up minimum requirements for the format and content of information provision for customers.
It will monitor the implementation of the Third Energy Package which, in particular, provides for
time-of-use pricing and demand response.
5th objective: support innovation
Smart Grids require significant investment in terms of research and development. For example, the
European Electricity Grids Initiative (EEGI) was established under the Strategic Energy Technology
Plan (SET-Plan) to accelerate the deployment of smart grid technologies by 2020. Two other
initiatives have the same objectives: the Covenant of Mayors and the Smart Cities and Communities
initiatives.
The Commission intends to propose new initiatives similar to those mentioned above, with the aim
of promoting the deployment of Smart Grids.

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4. Source text 4: official summary of the Directive of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance
of buildings [2010/31/EU]
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/energy_efficiency/en0021_en.htm
Methodology for calculating the energy performance of buildings
Member States shall adopt, either at national or regional level, a methodology for calculating the
energy performance of buildings which takes into account certain elements, specifically:
the thermal characteristics of a building (thermal capacity, insulation, etc.);
heating insulation and hot water supply;
the air-conditioning installation;
the built-in lighting installation;
indoor climatic conditions.
The positive influence of other aspects such as local solar exposure, natural lighting, electricity
produced by cogeneration and district or block heating or cooling systems are also taken into
account.
Setting minimum requirements
Member States shall put in place, in compliance with the aforementioned calculation methodology,
minimum requirements for energy performance in order to achieve cost-optimal levels. The level of
these requirements is reviewed every 5 years.
When setting requirements, Member States may differentiate between new and existing buildings
and between different categories of buildings.
New buildings shall comply with these requirements and undergo a feasibility study before
construction starts, looking at the installation of renewable energy supply systems, heat pumps,
district or block heating or cooling systems and cogeneration systems.
When undergoing major renovation, existing buildings shall have their energy performance
upgraded so that they also satisfy the minimum requirements.
The following may be exempt from the application of the minimum requirements:
officially protected buildings (for example, historic buildings);
buildings used as places of worship;
temporary buildings;
residential buildings intended for a limited annual time of use;
stand-alone buildings with a total useful floor area of less than 50 m2.
When new, replaced or upgraded technical building systems such as heating systems, hot water
systems, air-conditioning systems and large ventilation systems are installed, they shall also comply
with the energy performance requirements.
Building elements that form part of the building envelope and have a significant impact on the
energy performance of that envelope (for example, window frames) shall also meet the minimum
energy performance requirements when they are replaced or retrofitted, with a view to achieving
cost-optimal levels.
This Directive strongly encourages the introduction of intelligent energy consumption metering
systems whenever a building is constructed or undergoes renovation, pursuant to the Directive
concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity.
Objective: Nearly zero-energy buildings
By 31 December 2020, all new buildings shall be nearly zero-energy consumption buildings. New
buildings occupied and owned by public authorities shall comply with the same criteria by
31 December 2018.
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The Commission encourages increasing the numbers of this type of building by putting in place
national plans, which include:
the Member States application in practice of the definition of nearly zero-energy buildings;
the intermediate targets for improving the energy performance of new buildings by 2015;
information on the policies and financial measures adopted to encourage improving the
energy performance of buildings.
Financial incentives and market barriers
Member States shall draw up a list of the existing and potential instruments used to promote
improvements in the energy performance of buildings. This list is to be updated every three years.
Energy performance certificates
Member States shall implement a system for the energy performance certification of buildings. It
shall include information on the energy performance of a building and recommendations for cost
improvements.
When a building or building unit is offered for sale or for rent, the energy performance indicator of
the energy performance certificate shall be included in advertisements in commercial media.
When buildings or building units are constructed, sold or rented out, the certificate is to be shown to
the new tenant or prospective buyer and handed over to the buyer or new tenant.
With regard to buildings where a total floor area of over 500 m is occupied by a public authority
and buildings with a total floor area of over 500 m which are frequently visited by the public, the
energy performance certificate shall be displayed in a prominent place and be clearly visible (this
threshold shall be lowered to 250 m on 9 July 2015).
Member States are responsible for putting in place a system of regular inspections of heating and
air-conditioning systems in buildings.

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5. Source text 5: official summary of the Commission Communication of 19 October 2006:

Action Plan for Energy Efficiency: Realising the Potential [COM(2006) 545]
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/energy_efficiency/l27064_en.htm
[...]
The objective of the Action Plan is to control and reduce energy demand and to take targeted action
on consumption and supply in order to save 20% of annual consumption of primary energy by2020
(compared to the energy consumption forecasts for 2020). This objective corresponds to achieving
approximately a 1.5% saving per year up to 2020.
In order to achieve substantial and sustainable energy savings, energy-efficient techniques, products
and services must be developed and consumption habits must be changed so that less energy is used
to maintain the same quality of life. The Plan sets out a number of short and medium-term measures
to achieve this objective.
[...]
POTENTIAL ENERGY SAVINGS
The Commission considers the biggest energy savings are to be made in the following sectors:
residential and commercial buildings (tertiary), with savings potentials estimated at 27% and 30%
respectively, the manufacturing industry, with the potential for a 25% reduction, and transport, with
the potential for a 26% reduction in energy consumption.
These sectoral reductions of energy consumption correspond to overall savings estimated at 390
million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) each year or 100 billion per year up to 2020. They would
also help reduce CO2 emissions by 780 million tonnes per year.
These potential savings come in addition to an estimated 1.8% (or 470 Mtoe) reduction in annual
consumption which would partly stem from other measures already adopted and normal
replacements of material.
Achieving the 20% reduction objective will help reduce the EU's impact on climate change and
dependence on fossil fuel imports. The Action Plan will also boost industrial competitiveness,
increase exports of new technologies and will have positive benefits in terms of employment. The
savings made will, moreover, offset the investments put into innovative technologies.
MEASURES PROPOSED BY THE ACTION PLAN
The Commission included in the Action Plan all measures presenting the best cost-efficiency ratio,
i.e. those with the lowest environmental cost over the life cycle, which do not overrun the budget
given for investments in the energy sector. Some are priority measures, and should therefore be
adopted without delay, whilst others are to be implemented throughout the six-year period set for
the Action Plan.
Improving energy performance
Effective action on energy-consuming equipment and appliances requires steps on two fronts:
standards for the energy yield of appliances and an appropriate, consumer-focused system to label
and evaluate energy performance.
To this end, the Action Plan provides for the adoption of Eco-Design minimum standards to
improve the energy yield of 14 groups of products (including boilers, televisions and light fittings)
and to extend it to other products in the long-term. In addition, the Commission hopes to strengthen
the rules on labelling, in particular by regularly updating classifications and extending these rules to
other equipment.
[...]
To substantially reduce heat loss in buildings, the Action Plan plans to extend the scope of the
Energy Performance of Buildings Directive to cover small buildings, to develop minimum
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performance standards applicable to new and renovated buildings and to promote so-called
"passive" houses.
Improving energy transformation
The energy transformation sector uses around one third of all primary energy, yet the average
energy yield for transformation facilities is around 40%. There is great potential for improving this,
which would substantially help to reduce energy loss. Energy distribution and transport are also
sources of energy losses where action could potentially be taken.
[...]
It also plans to develop, in cooperation with industry professionals, guidelines for good practices
designed both for existing facilities and for energy suppliers and distributors. The promotion of
cogeneration will also be stepped up and connections with decentralised generation centres will be
encouraged.
Limiting the costs linked to transport
With almost 20% of total primary energy consumption and the fastest growth in consumption, the
transport sector represents both a major environmental risk (greenhouse gas emissions) and one of
the main factors of dependency on fossil fuels. To solve these problems, it is vital to take action on
car use and on promoting cleaner alternative transport.
The Commission plans to set a binding target to reduce polluting car emissions to achieve the
threshold of 120g of CO2/km by 2012. It also intends to address the issue of car components, such
as air conditioning and tyres, in particular by issuing a European standard for rolling resistance and
by promoting tyre pressure monitoring. Moreover, strengthening the rules on vehicle labelling will
help to promote the most energy-efficient vehicles, as will proper awareness-raising campaigns and
public authorities purchasing clean vehicles.
Urban transport will be the subject of a Green Paper, aimed at pooling experience to encourage the
use of alternatives to car transport, such as public transport, non-motorised transport and
teleworking.
[...]
Financing, incentives and fares
[...]
Taxation is also a powerful tool for providing incentives. Here the Commission notes that it would
draft a Green Paper on indirect taxation, revise the Energy Tax Directive, and encourage the
taxation of private cars according to their pollution levels. It also highlights the potential for using
tax credits as incentives for both companies and households.
Changing behaviour
Consumers' purchasing decisions will determine the success of the results. The Commission plans a
number of educational measures to raise public awareness of the importance of energy efficiency,
including education and training programmes on energy and climate change issues. It also proposes
to organise a competition to reward the most energy-efficient school.
In addition, the Commission considers that public authorities should set an example. The
Commission itself plans to obtain EMAS certification for all buildings it owns, and then to extend
the initiative to all EU institutions.
It also plans to adopt guidelines on tenders and to set up networks for cities to exchange good
practices concerning energy efficiency in urban areas.
Adapting and developing international partnerships
The Commission considers that European development and trade policies, agreements, treaties and
other international instruments represent other ways to promote the spread and use of high energy
yield technologies and techniques at global level.
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It will launch an international conference with a view to adopting an international framework

agreement on energy efficiency which will involve the EU's main trading partners and key
international organisations.

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Topic overview
The Green Paper: A European strategy for sustainable, competitive and secure energy sets out the
energy policy of the European Union (EU), which must be built on three pillars: sustainability,
competitiveness and security of supply.
Competitiveness means opening the European energy market, by creating an European grid with
harmonised rules to which any supplier would have access; implementing a priority
interconnection plan to link national grids; supporting a more clear-cut unbundling of activities
so as to deter vertically integrated companies from dominating the market, insisting on
distinguishing between those involved in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity.
Security of supply presupposes an uninterrupted energy supply, in spite of energy supply
disruptions and dependence on energy imports. Moreover, a mechanism for rapid solidarity
between member states could be put in place, should a certain state face a severe supply crisis
because of damage to its infrastructure. Lastly, legislation on EU's gas and oil emergency stocks
should be re-examined.
By far the most complex aspect of the European energy policy is sustainability. Given today's
environmental issues, the EU has come to the conclusion that the energy trends must change in
order to ensure a healthy, secure future. Minor improvements can be made through carbon capture
and storage and other clean fossil fuel technologies, which try to minimise emissions involved in
energy generation by conventional means. The two main aspects which boost the sustainability of
energy are: supporting renewable energy and increasing energy efficiency.
Energy from renewable sources (RES-E) is the only available solution to help stop and reverse the
alarming effects of climate change. However, because of the tradition, convenience, current
availability and relatively lower price of conventional energy, the transition to green energy is going
to be slow and in need of support.
Thus, the support schemes developed by the EU include: feed-in tariffs (a fixed price which is
paid usually by distributors to domestic producers of renewable energy), the green certificate
system (which obliges all consumers to purchase a set quantity of green certificates, based on a
quota of their energy consumption) and tendering systems (under which entities are invited by the
State to tender for the supply of RES-E).
Moreover, the implementation of these support schemes must also take into account the differences
between Member States, the effectiveness of each support scheme and wether a certain type of
RES-E owes its success only to financial incentives or not.
The types of renewable energy affected by these support schemes include: wind energy (supported
most successfully by feed-in tariffs, with results in a half of Member States), biomass forestry
(most effective in Denmark, but half of Member States have not made significant progress), biogas
(related to the policy for waste treatment, but in 70% of cases not enough steps have been taken),
hydroelectricity and photovoltaic solar energy (especially in Germany) and of course several
other types, such as geothermal, wave, tidal, solar thermal, none of which have been industrially
developed, despite support in some Member States. One can argue that support schemes will distort
the internal energy market by hampering equal competition. However, the positive effects on the
environment counterbalance the distortion.
A harmonisation of the rules on this issue which would include the creation of a Europe-wide
green certificate or feed-in tariff system, leading to the lowering and stability of RES-E price does
not seem possible in the short term, because any sudden change would disrupt the market. Another
issue on this topic is that of grid access. In most Member States, RES-E producers are granted grid
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access, but investment in the national grids must still be made.

Another aspect of energy sustainability is energy efficiency. Instead of focusing on the sources the
electricity is coming from and their impact on the environment, this approach stresses out the
savings that can be obtained in regard to energy consumption.
Grounds for this policy include Europe's currently growing dependence on energy imports (50%
at present and possible 70% in 2030) and the Tokyo commitments to reduce CO2 emissions, which
could be much more easily met, should the energy demand fall by 20% by 2020, as the Commission
has estimated. Moreover, a 20% reduction in energy consumption would make 60 billion per year
available for other investments a great boost to Europe's competitiveness as well as creating a
million jobs in related fields (transport management, high energy efficiency technologies). Many
actions against energy waste are mentioned in the Action Plan for energy efficiency.
The Commission insists that, of the 20% reduction (which corresponds to 1,5% per year), 10% can
be obtained just by implementing existing legislation, such as the Intelligent Energy Europe (2007
2013) programme.
The most important sectors in this area are: transport (almost a third of consumption and
estimated 26% possible savings), buildings (40% of consumption and 30% possible savings) and
energy production itself, where between 40% and 60% of the energy used in the production of
electricity is lost.
The transport sector accounts for most of Europe's dependency on fossil fuel imports. Investments
in cleaner fuels and more efficient cars are necessary to ensure a decrease in CO2 emissions. Tax
schemes can be used to make sure that polluting drivers really pay, encouraging them to use other
methods of transportation, such as public transport and making them more responsible.
The energy performance of buildings takes several factors into account: the thermal characteristics
of the building, the heating insulation, but also the energy yield of appliances in the building.
European standards have been put forth, which require that any new buildings belonging to public
authorities be Nearly zero-energy buildings (buildings with low net energy consumption a higher
gross energy consumption can be compensated for by on-the-spot renewable energy generation) by
2018, and all new buildings in general by 2020. Gradually, any building will have to comply with
these standards: each building undergoing a major refurbishment will have to include measures
towards energy performance in its refurbishment plan. Additionally, the concept of passive houses
(hyper-isolated buildings with close to zero energy demand) is becoming ever more popular. For
every building, an energy performance certificate shall be issued, which will have to be put on
display.
Appliances are the subject of en energy labelling policy, which is thought to help customer make
an informed decision. Moreover, the Smart Grids are being developed in order to make the
customer aware of consumption information and help him keep the energy costs down, which can
only work towards the benefit of everyone involved.
Customer awareness and a change of behaivour are mandatory, if the EU is to reach its targets.
Therefore, the Commission plans to develop a number of educational actions to increase public
awareness about energy efficiency and its role in cooperating towards a cleaner environment. It also
plans to obtain certification for all its buildings, in order to set an example.
On the external dimension, the EU strives to speak with one voice, in order to improve security of
supply, competitiveness and sustainability of Energy and to be able to deal with future supply crisis
and other energy challenges. Also, given the importance of generation and transit of energy, the
EU suggests the creation of a pan-European community, integrating EU's energy markets and
those of its neighbours.

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ROEN translation
Text source: National Press Agency of Romania
http://www.agerpres.ro/economie/2014/03/21/energia-regenerabila-a-avut-o-pondere-de41-in-consumul-de-electricitate-al-romaniei-in-2013-peste-tinta-asumata-11-19-33
Ponderea electricitii produse din surse
regenerabile n consumul final brut de energie
electric al rii n 2013 a fost de 41%, peste
inta de 38% asumat de Romnia pentru anul
2020, potrivit unui document al Departamentului
pentru Energie.

According to a document of the Department of

Energy, the share of energy from renewable
sources in the national gross final consumption
of energy was 41% in 2013, exceeding the target
for the year 2020 Romania has committed itself
to.

Romnia i-a asumat n faa Comisiei

Europene ca 24% din consumul total de energie
(electric, termic, toate tipurile de combustibili)
din anul 2020 s provin din surse regenerabile,
ns Autoritatea Naional de Reglementare n
Energie (ANRE) a anunat c aceast int a fost
deja atins la 1 ianuarie 2014.

The European Commission committed Romania

to supply 24% of the total energy consumption
(electricity, heating, all types of fuels) from
renewable sources, however the Romanian
National Energy Regulator (ANRE) announced
this target had already been met on the 1st of
January 2014.

Pe segmentul de energie electric, inta

asumat pentru anul 2020 este de 38%, iar inta
intermediar este de 35% pentru anul 2015,
astfel c informaiile Departamentului pentru
Energie arat c Romnia a depit deja ambele
tachete.

In the electricity sector, the Romania has

committed itself to a 38% target for the year
2020 and to a 35% intermediate target for 2015,
which means that the informations from the
Department of Energy show Romania has
already suprassed both objectives.

Potrivit aceluiai document, care

reprezint nota de fundamentare a unui proiect
de Hotrre de Guvern, ANRE estimeaz c, la
finele acestui an, n Romnia vor fi n funciune
capaciti de producere a energiei regenerabile
cu o putere de circa 6.000 de MW, n cretere cu
40% fa de 4.300 de MW, ct este capacitatea
lor total de acum.

According to the same document (the

substantiation report of a Government
Resolution draft) ANRE predicts that, by the end
of this year, the renewable energy generation
facilities which operate in Romania will add up
to a capacity of 6,000 MW, a 40% increase from
4,300 MW, the current total capacity.

Proiectul de HG prevede scderea cotei

de energie electric produs din surse
regenerabile care va beneficia n acest an de
sistemul de promovare prin certificate verzi, la
11,1% din consumul final brut de energie
electric, fa de 15%, ct era prevzut pentru
acest an.

The Government Decision draft also stipulates

the reduction of the share of renewable energy
which will be supported this year by the green
certificate system to 11.1% of the final gross
consumption, from 15% as originally laid
down for this year.

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ENRO translation
Text source: excerpt from The Icelandic National Renewable Energy Action Plan
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/transparency_platform/doc/dir_2009_0028_ac
tion_plan_iceland__nreap.pdf
Renewable energy sources (hydropower and
geothermal power) account for 99.9% of
electricity production and 99% of space heating.
As a result, around 76% of final energy
consumption in 2011 is from renewable energy
resources. In 2005 this share was around 64%.
Therefore the mandatory national target for the
year 2020, 73%, referred to in Article 3(1) of
Directive 2009/28/EC, has already been met and
surpassed.

Sursele regenerabile (hidroenergie i

energie geotermal) contribuie la producia de
energie electric i la nclzirea locuinelor n
proporie de 99,9, respectiv 99%. Drept urmare,
n jur de 76% din consumul final de energie al
anului 2011 provine din surse regenerabile. n
2005, ponderea era n jur de 64%. Aadar,
obiectivul obligatoriu de 73% la nivel naional,
n perspectiva anului 2020, prevzut n art. 3
alin. 1 al directivei 2009/28/CE, a fost deja atins
i depit.

With regards to the transport sector the situation

is very different. The transport sector, along with
the fisheries, are the only sectors in Iceland
which still are dependent on fossil fuels. The
transport sector on land is currently 0.35% based
on renewables. Therefore the Icelandic policy
and actions are focused on increasing the
percentage of renewable energy for transport
while maintaining the strong grasp of
renewables in electricity and heating sectors.

n ceea ce privete sectorul de transport,

situaia difer mult. n Islanda, sectoarele de
transport i al pescuitului sunt singurele care
nc depind de combustibili fosili. La momentul
actual, energiile regenerabile sunt folosite n
proporie de 0,35% n sectorul de transport
terestru. Prin urmare, msurile i politica
Islandei se axeaz pe creterea ponderii energiei
regenerabile n sectorul de transport, pstrnd
poziia ferm a surselor regenerabile n
domeniul energiei electrice i al nclzirii.

Renewable energy reduces dependence on fossil

fuels, improves security of supply, and reduces
greenhouse gas emissions creating
environmental benefits while delivering green
jobs to the economy, thus contributing to
national competitiveness. The Governments
commitment to accelerating the development of
renewable energy is set out in various
Government Policy documents as explained
below.

Energia regenrabil scade dependena de

combustibili fosili, crete sigurana
aprovizionrii, reduce emisiile de gaze cu efect
de ser fapt ce are un efect benefic asupra
mediului i ce duce la crearea unor noi locuri de
munc fr impact ecologic sprijinind astfel i
concurena la nivel naional. Angajamentul
guvernului de a ncuraja creterea sectorului
energiei regenerabile este prevzut n mai multe
acte privind politica sa, dup cum se observ i
mai jos.

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List of terms
Nr.

English term

Romanian equivalent

Action Plan on energy efficiency

Plan de aciune privind eficiena energetic

alternative fuels

combustibili alternativi

biofuel

biocombustibili

biomass

biomas

carbon capture and storage

captarea i stocarea dioxidului de carbon

cogeneration

cogenerare

Covenant of Mayors

Convenia primarilor

demand-side management

gestionarea cererii (de energie)

distribution grid operator

operator de distribuie

10 district heating

nclzire centralizat

11 energy audit

audit energetic

12 energy consumption

consum de energie

13 energy demand

cerere de energie

14 energy efficiency

eficien energetic

15 energy mix

mix energetic

16 energy performance of buildings

performana energetic a cldirilor

17 energy regulator

autoritate de reglementare n domeniul

energetic

18 energy saving

economisirea energiei

19 energy security

siguran energetic

20 energy supply

aprovizionare cu energie electric

21 energy yield

randament energetic

22 European Electricity Grid Initiative

Iniiativa European pentru Reele Electrice

23 European energy policy

politica energetic european

24 feed-in tariff

tarif fix

25 fossil fuels

combustibili fosili

26 geothermal energy

energie geotermal

27 green certificate

certificat verde

28 Green Paper on energy efficiency

Cartea verde privind eficiena energetic

29 greenhouse gas

gaz cu efect de ser

30 grid access

acces la reea

31 hydroelectric power

hidroenergie

32 interconnected system

sistem interconectat
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33 internal energy market

piaa intern a energiei

34 nameplate capacity

putere instalat

35 Nearly zero-energy building

cldire cu consum de energie aproape egal cu

zero

36 nuclear power

energie nuclear

37 passive house

cas pasiv

38 photovoltaic solar energy

energie solar fotovoltaic

39 renewable energy

energie regenerabil

40 Renewable Energy Road Map

Foaie de parcurs privind energia regenerabil

41 smart grids

reele inteligente

42 smart metering system

sistem de contorizare inteligent

43 solar thermal energy

energie solar termic

44 support scheme

schem de sprijin

45 tidal power

energie a mareelor

46 transport grid operator

operator de transport

47 vertically integrated undertaking

ntreprindere integrat vertical

48 wave energy

energie a valurilor

49 wind power

energie eolian

50 Intelligent Energy Europe programme

programul Energie inteligent Europa

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Definition sources

European Energy Agency (EEA) Glossary

http://glossary.eea.europa.eu/
EU law
Directive 2009/28/EC
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0028
Directive 2003/54/EC
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32003L0054
Directive 2009/72/EC
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0072
Directive 2012/27/EU
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32012L0027
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Glossary
http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm
EnergyVortex.com Dictionary
http://www.energyvortex.com/energydictionary/EnergyVortex.htm

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Etymology sources

Online Etymology Dictionary

http://etymonline.com/
Greek/Latin Word Study Tool
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph
The Tower of Babel etymological project
http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/query.cgi?
root=config&morpho=0&basename=\data\ie\piet
Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicalles
http://cnrtl.fr/etymologie/
CIORNESCU, A., (1958-1966), Dicionarul etimologic romn, Universidad de la
Laguna, Tenerife
http://dexonline.ro/
VINEREANU, M., (2008), Dicionar etimologic al limbii romne pe baza cercetrilor de
indo-europenistic, Editura Alcor Edimpex, Bucureti
Dicionarul explicativ al limbii romne
http://dexonline.ro/

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Etymology
English
access < ME access an attack of fever < Old French acces onslaught; onset (of an illness) <
Latin accessus a coming to < noun use of past. part. of accdere to approach < adto + cdere to yield, give place, go < PIE *sed- to go, yield
action < ME action cause for a lawsuit < Anglo-French accioun < Old French accion action,
lawsuit < Latin acti a putting in motion; a performing, doing < noun use of past. part.
of agere to do; set in motion < PIE *ag- to drive, draw out or forth, move
alternative < Medieval Latin alternativus < Latin alternatus < past. part. of alternare to do first
one thing then the other < alternus one after the other < alter the other < PIE
*al- beyond + comparative suffix -ter
audit < Latin auditus a hearing < past. prat. of audre to hear < PIE *au-dh- to percieve
physically, grasp < *au- to percieve
biofuel < bio- life + fuel < Old French foaile bundle of firewood < Latin focalis pertaining to a
hearth < focus hearth < unknown origin
biomass < bio- life + mass < Old French masse lump, heap; crowd < Latin massa lump,
dough < Greek lump (of dough) < to knead < PIE *mag- to knead
building < build < OE byldan to construct a house < verb form of bold house < Proto-Germanic
*buthlam < PIE *bhu- to dwell < *bheue- to be, exist, grow
capacity < Middle French capacit ability to hold < Latin capacts breadth, capacity < capx
able to hold much < capere to take < PIE *kap- to grasp
capture < French capture a taking < Latin captra catching < captus < past. part. of capere to
grasp, lay hold, take < PIE *kap- to grasp, seize
carbon < French carbone < Latin carb charcoal, coal < PIE *ker- heat, fire, to burn
certificate < French certificat < Middle Latin certificatum < noun use of past. part. of certificare to
certify, to make certain < Latin certus sure, fixed, settled, determined + root of
facere to do, make;
certus < past. part. of cernere to distinguish, decide; to shift, separate, judge < PIE
*kry- to sieve, separate, distinguish
cogeneration < co- together with + generation < Latin generati < generre to bring forth <
PIE *gene- to produce, give birth, beget
consumption < Old French consumpcion < Latin cnsmpti < past. part. of cnsmere < conwith + smere to take < sub under + emere (pres. act. em) to buy
(originally to take) < PIE *em- to take, distribute
covenant < Old French covenant agreement < pres. part. of convenir to agree, meet < Latin
convenre < com- together + venre to come < PIE gwa- to go, come
demand < Old French demander to request; to demand < Latin demandare to entrust, charge
with a commission (Vulgar Latin to ask, request, demand < de- completely +
mandare to order (lit. to give into one's hand) < manus hand + dre to give
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manus < PIE *man- hand

dre < PIE *do- to give
distribution < Old French distribution < Latin distributi a division, distribution < past. part. of
distribuere to deal out in portions < dis- individually + tribuere to assign, allot
< tribus one of the three political/ethnic divisions of the original Roman state <
unknown origin
district < French district < Medieval Latin districtus restraining of offenders, jurisdiction < past.
part. of Latin distringere to hinder, detain < dis- apart + stringere to draw tight, press
together < PIE *streig- to stroke, rub, press
efficiency < Latin efficientia < efficins < pres. part. of efficere to produce < ex- + facere to do,
make < PIE *dhe- to do, put
electricity < electric < Modern Latin electricus resembling amber < Latin lectrum amber; pale
gold (alloy of 1:4 silver to gold) < Greek < unknown origin
energy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
European < French europen < Latin europaeus < Greek < < unclear origin,
may be related to Phoenician princess
feed-in < feed (v.) < OE fedan to nourish, give food to, foster < Proto-Germanic *fdjan < PIE
*pat- < extended from *pa- to graze, tend, pasture, guard, feed
fossil < French fossile < Latin fossilis dug up < past. part. of fodere < PIE *bhedh- to dig, pierce
fuel < Old French foaile bundle of firewood < Latin focalis pertaining to a hearth < focus
hearth < unknown origin
gas < Dutch gas word coined by Flemish chemist J.B. van Helmont, perhaps < Greek
chasm, void
geothermal < geo- earth + -thermal having to do with heat < French thermal < Greek
heat < PIE *gwher to heat, warm
green < OE grene < Proto-Germanic *gronja- < PIE *ghre- to grow
greenhouse < green + house
green < OE grne < Proto-Germanic *gronja- < PIE *ghre- to grow
house < OE hs < Proto-Germanic husan < unknown origin
grid < shortening of gridiron cooking utensil < ME griderne < alteration (by association with
iron) of gridire < variant of Old French gridil < Latin crticula grill < diminutive of crtis
wickerwork < PIE *kert- to turn, entwine
heating < OE htu heat, warmth; fervor, ardor < Proto-Germanic *haita- heat < PIE *kaid- <
*kai- heat
hydroelectric < hydro- water + electric
hydro- < Greek water < PIE *wod-or < *wed- water, wet
electric < Modern Latin electricus resembling amber < Latin lectrum amber;
pale gold (alloy of 1:4 silver to gold) < Greek < unknown
origin
initiative < French initiative < initier < Latin initire to begin < initium < inre to go into < in +
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re (pres. act. e) to go < PIE *ey- to go

integrated < integrate < Latin integratus < past. part. of integrre to make whole < integer
whole < in- not + root of tangere to touch < PIE *tag- to touch
intelligent < Latin intelligens discerning < pres. part. of intelligere to understand, comprehend
< inter- between + legere to choose, pick out (later to read) < PIE *leg to pick
together, gather
interconnected < interconnect < inter- + connect < Latin cnectere < com- together + nectere to
bind, tie < PIE *ned- to bind, tie
internal < Medieval Latin internalis < Latin internus within, inward < pre-Latin *interus < PIE
*en-termanagement < manage + -ment ; manage < Italian maneggiare to handle < Latin manus < PIE
*man- hand
map < shortening from mapemounde map of the world < Medieval Latin mappa mundi < mappa
napkin, cloth + mundi of the world
market < Old North French market (Old French marchiet) < Latin merctus marketplace, trade <
past. part. of mercari to trade < merx wares, merchandise < Italic root *merkmayor < Old French maire < Latin maior < magnum
metering < meter (v.) < French -mtre < Latin metrum measure
mix (n.) < mix (v.) < back-formation of ME myxte of mixed nature < Anglo-French mixte < Latin
mixtus < past. part. of misce to mix < PIE *meik- to mix
nameplate < name + plate
name < OE noma < Proto-Germanic *namon < PIE *nomnplate < Old French plate thin piece of metal < Medieval Latin plata < Vulgar Latin
*plattus < on model of Greek platys flat, broad < PIE *plat- to spread
nearly < OE near closer, nearer < comparative of neah
nuclear < nucleus < Latin nucleus < nucula < diminutive of nux nut < PIE *kneu- nut
operator < Late Latin operator < Latin operr to work, labor; Late Latin: to have effect < opera
work, effort < opus work, labor, exertion < PIE *op- to work, produce in
abundance
paper < Anglo-French paper < Old French papier < Latin papyrus
passive house < loan translation from German Passivhaus
passive < Old French passif suffering, undergoing hardship < Latin passivus
capable of feeling or suffering
house < OE hs < Proto-Germanic husan < unknown origin
performance < perform + -ance ; perform < Anglo-French perfomer < Old French parfornir to do,
carry out, finish, accomplish
photovoltaic < photo- light + voltaic < Italian physicist Alexandro Volta
plan < French plan ground plan, map < Latin planum level or flat surface
policy < ME policie < Old French policie political organisation < Latin polta the state < Greek
state, citizenship < citizen < city, state < PIE *pele- citadel
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power < Anglo-French pouair < Old French povoir be able < Vulgar Latin *potere < Latin potis
powerful < PIE *poti- powerful, master
programme < Late Latin programma proclamation, edict
regulator < agent noun in Latin form of regulate (v.) < Late Latin regulatus < past. part. of rgulre
to direct < Latin rgula rule < regere (pres. act. reg) to rule, govern < PIE *regmove in a straight line
renewable < renew < re- again + ME newen to resume, to revive, to renew < new < ProtoGermanic *niwjaz < PIE *neworoad < OE rad riding expedition < Proto-Germanic *raido- < PIE *reidh to ride
saving < save (v.) < Old French sauver to keep safe, protect, redeem < Latin salvare to make
safe, secure < Latin salvus uninjured, safe < PIE *sol-wos- < *sol- whole
scheme < Mediaval Latin schema shape, figure, form
security < Latin securitas < securus free from care < se- free from + cura care, concern,
trouble < Old Latin coira- < PIE *kois- be concerned
side < OE side < Proto-Germanic *sithon
smart < OE smeart painful, severe, stinging
solar < Latin solaris pertaining to the sun
storage < store (v.) + -age; store (v.) < Old French estorer to erect, build; to restore, repair; to
furnish, provision < Latin instaurare to restore, renew, repair, make (Medieval Latin
also to provide, store < in- + -staurare < PIE *stau-ro- < extended from root *sta- to
stand; meaning influenced by store (n.) < store (v.)
supply (n.) < supply (v.) < Old French soupplier fill up, Latin supplre < sub- up from below +
plre to fill < PIE *plesupport < Old French suporter to bear, endure, sustain, support
system < Late Latin systema an arrangement, system
tariff < Italian tariffa tariff, price, assessment < Medieval Latin tarifa list of prices, book of
rates < Arabic ta'rif notification, a making known; inventory of fees to be paid < verbal
noun from arafa he made known, he taught
tidal < tide + -al ; tide < Old English tid point or portion of time, due time < Proto-Germanic
*tidiz division of time
transport < Old French transporter carry or convey across
undertaking < under + take (v.) < similar to French entreprendre to undertake
vertically < Middle French vertical < Late Latin verticalis overhead < vertex highest point
wave < alteration (by influence of wave (v.)) of Middle English waw < Old English waigan to
move to and from < Proto-Germanic *wag- < PIE *weg'he- to move about, to drag
wind < Old English wind < Proto-Germanic *windaz < PIE *we-nt-o blowing < *w to blow (of
wind)
yield < Old English gield payment, sum of money; service, offering, worship
zero < Italian zero < Medieval Latin zephirum < Arabic sifir cipher

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Romanian
acces < French accs < Latin accessus a coming to < noun use of past. part. of accdere to
approach < ad- to + cdere to yield, give place, go < PIE *sed- to go, yield
aciune < French action < Latin acti a putting in motion; a performing, doing < noun use of past.
part. of agere to do; set in motion < PIE *ag- to drive, draw out or forth, move
alternativ < French alternatif < Latin alternatus < past. part. of alternare to do first one thing then
the other < alternus one after the other < alter the other < PIE *al- beyond +
comparative suffix -ter
aprovizionare < French approvisioner
audit < French audit < Latin auditus a hearing < past. prat. of audre to hear < PIE *au-dh- to
percieve physically, grasp < *au- to percieve
autoritate < French autorit
biocombustibil < bio- life + combustibil < French combustible
biomas < bio- life + mas < French masse < Latin massa lump, dough < Greek lump
(of dough) < to knead < PIE *mag- to knead
captare < French. capter < Latin captra catching < captus < past. part. of capere to grasp, lay
hold, take < PIE *kap- to grasp, seize
carbon < French carbone < Latin carb charcoal, coal < PIE *ker- heat, fire, to burn
carte < back-formation from cri, plural of *cart < Latin charta
cas pasiv < loan translation from German Passivhaus
cas < Latin casa
pasiv < French passif < Latin passivus capable of feeling or suffering
centralizat < centraliza < central + -iza
cerere < Latin quaerere
certificat < French certificat < Middle Latin certificatum < noun use of past. part. of certificare to
certify, to make certain < Latin certus sure, fixed, settled, determined + root of
facere to do, make;
certus < past. part. of cernere to distinguish, decide; to shift, separate, judge < PIE
*kry- to sieve, separate, distinguish
cldire < cldi < Slavonic kladon
cogenerare < co- together with + generare < Latin generati < generre to bring forth < PIE
*gene- to produce, give birth, beget
combustibil < French combustible
consum < consuma < French consumer < Latin cnsmere < con- with + smere to take < sub
under + emere (pres. act. em) to buy (originally to take) < PIE *em- to take,
distribute
convenie < French convention < Latin conventi < convenre < com- together + venre to come
< PIE gwa- to go, come
dioxid < French dioxyde
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distribuie < French distribution < Latin distributi a division, distribution < past. part. of
distribuere to deal out in portions < dis- individually + tribuere to assign, allot <
tribus one of the three political/ethnic divisions of the original Roman state < unknown
origin
domeniu < French domaine
economisire < Greek
efect < Latin effectus
eficien < French efficience < Latin efficientia < efficins < pres. part. of efficere to produce <
ex- + facere to do, make < PIE *dhe- to do, put
electric < French lectrique < Latin lectrum amber; pale gold (alloy of 1:4 silver to gold) <
Greek < unknown origin
energetic < French nergtique < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active
< in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
energie < French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active <
in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
eolian < French olien
Europa < Latin Europa < < unclear origin, may be related to Phoenician princess
european < French europen < Latin europaeus < Greek < < unclear origin,
may be related to Phoenician princess
fix < French fixe < Latin fixus
foaie < Latin folla
fosil < French fossile < Latin fossilis dug up < past. part. of fodere < PIE *bhedh- to dig, pierce
fotovoltaic < foto- light + voltaic < Italian physicist Alexandro Volta
gaz < French gaz < Dutch gas word coined by Flemish chemist J.B. van Helmont, perhaps <
Greek chasm, void
geotermal < geo- earth + -termal having to do with heat < French thermal < Greek
heat < PIE *gwher to heat, warm
gestionare < gestiona < gestiune < French gestion < Latin gesti
hidroenergie < hidro- water + energie < French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek
activity < active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *wergto do, make
iniiativ < French initiative < initier < Latin initire to begin < initium < inre to go into < in +
re (pres. act. e) to go < PIE *ey- to go
instala < French installer
integrat < French intgrer < Latin integrre to make whole < integer whole < in- not + root
of tangere to touch < PIE *tag- to touch
inteligent < French intelligent < Latin intelligens discerning < pres. part. of intelligere to
understand, comprehend < inter- between + legere to choose, pick out (later to
read) < PIE *leg to pick together, gather
interconectat < interconecta < inter- + conecta < Latin cnectere < com- together + nectere to
bind, tie < PIE *ned- to bind, tie
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intern < French interne < Latin internus within, inward < pre-Latin *interus < PIE *en-ternclzire < nclzi < n- + cald + -i ; cald < Latin caldus
ntreprindere < ntreprinde < ntre- + prinde < on the model of French entreprendre
maree < French mare
mix < English mix (n.) < mix (v.) < back-formation of ME myxte of mixed nature < Anglo-French
mixte < Latin mixtus < past. part. of misce to mix < PIE *meik- to mix
nuclear < nucleu < French nuclus < Latin nucleus < nucula < diminutive of nux nut < PIE
*kneu- nut
operator < opera < French oprer < Latin opera work, effort < opus work, labor, exertion <
PIE *op- to work, produce in abundance
parcurs < parcurge < calque from French parcourir
performan < French performance
pia < Italian piazza
plan < plan < French plan ground plan, map < Latin planum level or flat surface
politic < politic < Greek < state, citizenship < citizen < city,
state < PIE *pele- citadel
primar < Latin primarus, via French primaire, maire
program < French programme < Late Latin programma proclamation, edict
putere < Vulgar Latin Vulgar Latin *potere < Latin potis powerful < PIE *poti- powerful,
master
randament < French rendement
regenerabil < re- + genera < Latin generre to bring forth < PIE *gene- to produce, give birth,
beget
reglementare < reglementa < French rglementer
reea < Latin *retella
schem < French schme < Latin schema shape, figure, form
securitate < French securit < Latin securitas < securus free from care < se- free from + cura
care, concern, trouble < Old Latin coira- < PIE *kois- be concerned
ser < French serre
sistem < French systme < Late Latin systema an arrangement, system
solar < French solaire < Latin solaris pertaining to the sun
sprijin < uncertain origin
stocare < French stocker < English stock
tarif < French tarif I< talian tariffa tariff, price, assessment < Medieval Latin tarifa list of prices,
book of rates < Arabic ta'rif notification, a making known; inventory of fees to be paid
< verbal noun from arafa he made known, he taught
termic < French thermique < < Greek heat < PIE *gwher to heat, warm
transport < French transport < transporter carry or convey across

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val < Slavonic val

verde < Latin viridis
vertical < French vertical < Late Latin verticalis overhead < vertex highest point

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Terminological records
Alphabetical Index
Action Plan on Energy Efficiency......................................................................................................99
alternative fuels..................................................................................................................................91
biofuel.................................................................................................................................................61
biomass...............................................................................................................................................59
carbon capture and storage.................................................................................................................67
cogeneration.....................................................................................................................................103
Covenant of Mayors.........................................................................................................................105
demand-side management..................................................................................................................97
distribution grid operator..................................................................................................................111
energy audit......................................................................................................................................131
energy consumption............................................................................................................................65
energy demand....................................................................................................................................93
energy efficiency................................................................................................................................37
energy mix..........................................................................................................................................55
energy performance of buildings......................................................................................................101
energy regulator..................................................................................................................................51
energy saving......................................................................................................................................75
energy security....................................................................................................................................47
energy supply......................................................................................................................................49
energy yield......................................................................................................................................107
European Electricity Grid Initiative...................................................................................................35
European energy policy......................................................................................................................39
feed-in tariff........................................................................................................................................73
fossil fuels...........................................................................................................................................87
geothermal energy..............................................................................................................................81
green certificate..................................................................................................................................69
Green Paper on energy efficiency.......................................................................................................33
greenhouse gas....................................................................................................................................63
grid access..........................................................................................................................................71
grid operator.......................................................................................................................................53
hydroelectric power............................................................................................................................79
interconnected system......................................................................................................................129
internal energy market........................................................................................................................41
nameplate capacity.............................................................................................................................45
Nearly Zero-Energy Building...........................................................................................................119
nuclear power.....................................................................................................................................57
passive house....................................................................................................................................109
photovoltaic solar energy..................................................................................................................115
renewable energy................................................................................................................................43
Renewable Energy Road Map..........................................................................................................121
smart grids..........................................................................................................................................89
smart metering system......................................................................................................................127
solar thermal energy.........................................................................................................................117
support scheme.................................................................................................................................125
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tidal power..........................................................................................................................................85
transport grid operator......................................................................................................................113
vertically integrated undertaking......................................................................................................123
wave energy........................................................................................................................................83
wind power.........................................................................................................................................77
Intelligent Energy Europe programme.........................................................................................95

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Green Paper on energy efficiency

ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/european_energy_policy/l27062_en.htm
(retrieved: 26.10.2014, 15:32)
STANDARD DEFINITION: document published by the European Commission in order to
relaunch EU action in energy saving
DEFINITION SOURCE:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/energy_efficiency/l27061_en.htm (retrieved:
21.12.2014, 14:04)
NOTA BENE:
green < OE grene < Proto-Germanic *gronja- < PIE *ghre- to grow
paper < Anglo-French paper < Old French papier < Latin papyrus
energy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
efficiency < Latin efficientia < efficins < pres. part. of efficere to produce < ex- + facere to do,
make < PIE *dhe- to do, put
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (A N P E E)
CONTEXTS:
1. In its 2005 Green Paper on energy security the Commission showed that up to 20% of the energy
currently used could be saved by 2020. (source:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/european_energy_policy/l27062_en.htm, retrieved:
21.12.2014, 14:06)
2. June 22, 2005, the EU Commission launched a Green Paper on energy efficiency to start a
discussion on how the EU countries can benefit from cost-effective energy efficiency measures.
(source: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?
qid=1414332186511&uri=CELEX:52011IP0226, retrieved: 26.10.2014, 16:06)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: Cartea verde privind eficiena energetic
DEFINITION: document publicat de ctre Comisie pentru a stabili cu mai mult exactitate
viitoarele orientri ale politicii sale cu privire la eficiena energetic
DEFINITION SOURCE:
http://ec.europa.eu/civiljustice/glossary/glossary_ro.htm#ComGreenPaper (retrieved 26.10.2014,
16:14)

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NOTA BENE:
carte < back-formation from cri, plural of *cart < Latin charta
verde < Latin viridis
eficien < French efficience < Latin efficientia < efficins < pres. part. of efficere to produce <
ex- + facere to do, make < PIE *dhe- to do, put
energetic < French nergtique < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active
< in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A P N A), fem., defectiv de plural, g.-d. sg. Crii verzi
privind eficiena energetic
CONTEXTS:
1. Un instrument util de aciune n acest domeniu l constituie Cartea verde privind eficiena
energetic prezentat de Comisia European n data de 22 iunie a.c. i la care statele membre i n
curs de aderare au fost invitate s-i prezinte contribuiile. (source:
http://www.amosnews.ro/arhiva/ministerul-economiei-comertului-pariaza-eficienta-energetica-2906-2005, retrieved: 21.12.2014, 14:19)
2. n anul 2005 a fost adoptat documentul Cartea verde privind eficiena energetic sau s facem
mai mult cu mai puin COM (2005) 265 final. Documentul arat c Uniunea Europeana ar putea
economisi cel puin 20% din consumul anual de energie aplicand msuri eficiente economic.
(source: http://www.icemenerg.ro/modefen.htm, retrieved: 21.12.2014, 14:23)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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European Electricity Grid Initiative

ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 1
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/european_energy_policy/l27062_en.htm (retrieved:
26.10.2014, 17:05)
STANDARD DEFINITION: European Industrial Initiative promoting innovation and the
development of the electricity networks of the future in Europe
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.smartgrids.eu/European-Electricity-Grid-Initiative
(retrieved: 26.10.2014, 17:20)
NOTA BENE:
European < French europen < Latin europaeus < Greek < < unclear origin,
may be related to Phoenician princess
electricity < electric < Modern Latin electricus resembling amber < Latin lectrum amber; pale
gold (alloy of 1:4 silver to gold) < Greek < unknown origin
grid < shortening of gridiron cooking utensil < ME griderne < alteration (by association with
iron) of gridire < variant of Old French gridil < Latin crticula grill < diminutive of crtis
wickerwork < PIE *kert- to turn, entwine
initiative < French initiative < initier < Latin initire to begin < initium < inre to go into < in +
re (pres. act. e) to go < PIE *ey- to go
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (A N N N)
SYNONYM: EEGI, European Electric Grid Initiative
CONTEXTS:
1. Welcomes the work carried out by the EEGI and the Commissions Smart Grids Task Force; calls
on the Commission to take the fullest account of their conclusions on the specific legislation for
smart grids scheduled for the first half of 2011; (source: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52011IP0318, retrieved: 26.10.2014, 20:03)
2. The European Electricity Grid Initiative (EEGI) which was set up under the Strategic Energy
Technology Plan in 2009, compiled in 2010 an innovation roadmap describing smart grids
innovation needs, including smart metering aspects, to achieve the 2020 objectives. (source:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52014SC0189, retrieved:
26.10.2014, 20:05)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: Iniiativa european pentru reele electrice

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DEFINITION: iniiativ pentru promovarea tehnologiilor reelelor inteligente n perspectiva anului

2020
DEFINITION SOURCE:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/internal_energy_market/en0031_ro.htm (retrieved:
26.10.2014, 20:11)
NOTA BENE:
iniiativ < French initiative < initier < Latin initire to begin < initium < inre to go into < in +
re (pres. act. e) to go < PIE *ey- to go
european < French europen < Latin europaeus < Greek < < unclear origin,
may be related to Phoenician princess
reea < Latin *retella
electric < French lectrique < Latin lectrum amber; pale gold (alloy of 1:4 silver to gold) <
Greek < unknown origin
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A P N A), fem., defectiv de plural , g.-d. sg. Iniiativei
europene pentru reele electrice
SYNONYMS: Iniiativa Reele electrice europene, EEGI
CONTEXTS:
1. solicit Comisiei s faciliteze introducerea urgent a proiectelor demonstrative care vizeaz
reelele inteligente mari ca cea mai bun msur de evaluare a costurilor i a beneficiilor pentru
societatea european; observ c, n vederea partajrii riscului asociat investiiilor necesare n cazul
acestor proiecte, este necesar s se acorde fonduri publice n cadrul unui parteneriat public-privat,
prevzut n mod concret de Iniiativa european pentru reele electrice (source: http://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52011IP0318, retrieved: 28.10.2014,
21:43)
2. Reelele inteligente necesit investiii importante n materie de cercetare i dezvoltare. De
exemplu, iniiativa Reele electrice europene (EEGI) a fost creat n cadrul Planului strategic
european privind tehnologiile energetice (SET) n vederea accelerrii implementrii tehnologiilor
reelelor inteligente n perspectiva anului 2020. (source:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/internal_energy_market/en0031_ro.htm, retrieved:
16.11.2014, 17:30)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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energy efficiency
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 1
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/european_energy_policy/l27062_en.htm (retrieved:
28.10.2014, 21:46)
STANDARD DEFINITION: the ratio of output of performance, service, goods or energy, to input
of energy
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directive 2012/27/EU (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32012L0027, retrieved 28.10.2014, 21:56)
NOTA BENE:
energy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
efficiency < Latin efficientia < efficins < pres. part. of efficere to produce < ex- + facere to do,
make < PIE *dhe- to do, put
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (N N)
SYNONYMS: efficient energy use
CONTEXTS:
1. To help them adopt energy efficiency measures, Member States should establish a favourable
framework aimed at providing SMEs with technical assistance and targeted information. (source:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32012L0027, retrieved
28.10.2014, 22:06)
2. At the same time efforts to increase the involvement of the private sector in the financing of
energy efficiency improvements are also on the rise throughout the EU (source: http://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52013SC0541, retrieved 28.10.2014,
22:10)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: eficien energetic
DEFINITION: raportul dintre rezultatul constnd n performan, servicii, bunuri sau energie i
energia folosit n acest scop
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directiva 2012/27/UE (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32012L0027, retrieved 26.10.2014, 22:14)
NOTA BENE:
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eficien < French efficience < Latin efficientia < efficins < pres. part. of efficere to produce <
ex- + facere to do, make < PIE *dhe- to do, put
energetic < French nergtique < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active
< in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A), fem., defectiv de plural, g.-d. sg. eficienei
energetice
CONTEXTS:
1. Uniunea se confrunt cu provocri fr precedent cauzate de dependena crescnd fa de
importurile de energie i de cantitatea redus de resurse energetice, precum i de necesitatea de a
limita schimbrile climatice i de a depi criza economic. Eficiena energetic reprezint o
modalitate important prin care pot fi abordate provocrile n cauz. (source: Directiva
2009/27/UE, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32012L0027,
retrieved 09.01.2015, 18:57)
2. Concluziile Consiliului European din 4 februarie 2011 au subliniat c trebuie realizat obiectivul
de cretere a eficienei energetice cu 20 % pentru 2020, care n prezent nu se ncadreaz n grafic,
astfel cum s-a convenit n cadrul Consiliului European din iunie 2010. (source: Directiva
2009/27/UE, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32012L0027,
retrieved 09.01.2015, 18:58)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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European energy policy

ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 1
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/european_energy_policy/l27062_en.htm (retrieved:
16.11.2014, 17:52)
STANDARD DEFINITION: policy that will firmly commit the European Union to a low
consumption economy based on more secure, more competitive and more sustainable energy
DEFINITION SOURCE:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/european_energy_policy/l27067_en.htm (retrieved:
16.11.2014, 17:54)
NOTA BENE:
European < French europen < Latin europaeus < Greek < < unclear origin,
may be related to Phoenician princess
energy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
policy < ME policie < Old French policie political organisation < Latin polta the state < Greek
state, citizenship < citizen < city, state < PIE *pelecitadel
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (A N N)
CONTEXTS:
1. Finally, let us add that after the rejection of the Draft Treaty establishing a Constitution for
Europe and in line with the Treaty of Lisbon, a European energy policy might be a uniting factor
and provide proof of the practical usefulness of the European Union. (source: Opinion
2008/C211/05, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52008IE0757,
retrieved 09.01.2015, 19:04)
2. So as to avoid any disharmony which would cause Europe to lose its pre-eminence, a major
European energy policy is needed, closely integrated with the leading position it is endeavouring to
establish on climate change policy in international negotiations. (source: Opinion 2008/C211/05,
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52008IE0757, retrieved
09.01.2015, 19:05)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: politica energetic european
DEFINITION: politic ce conduce n mod decisiv Uniunea European (UE) ctre o economie
caracterizat de un consum redus de energie mai sigur, mai competitiv i mai durabil

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DEFINITION SOURCE:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/european_energy_policy/l27067_ro.htm (retrieved:
16.11.2014, 17:56)
NOTA BENE:
politic < politic < Greek < state, citizenship < citizen < city,
state < PIE *pele- citadel
energetic < French nergtique < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active
< in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
european < French europen < Latin europaeus < Greek < < unclear origin,
may be related to Phoenician princess
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A A), fem. , defectiv de plural, g.-d. sg. politicii
energetice europene
CONTEXTS:
1. reamintete cererea Parlamentului de elaborare a planurilor pentru o Comunitate Energetic
European care implic o cooperare strns n domeniul reelelor energetice i al finanrii europene
a noilor tehnologii energetice, pentru a depi fragmentarea politicii energetice europene i a acorda
Uniunii o voce internaional puternic n relaiile sale n domeniul energiei; (source: http://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52012IP0238, retrieved: 17.11.2014,
12:30)
2. Politica energetic extern a UE ar trebui s acorde o prioritate crescut zcmintelor de petrol i
gaze naturale din Oceanul Arctic i cooperrii n regiunile nordice. (surs http://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52009IE0052, retrieved 17.11.2014,
12:35)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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internal energy market

ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 1
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/european_energy_policy/l27062_en.htm (retrieved:
17.11.2014, 13:04)
STANDARD DEFINITION: a single market in which the free movement of energy is ensured
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/internal_market/index_en.htm
(retrieved: 09.01.2015, 19:23)
NOTA BENE:
internal < Medieval Latin internalis < Latin internus within, inward < pre-Latin *interus < PIE
*en-terenergy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
market < Old North French market (Old French marchiet) < Latin merctus marketplace, trade <
past. part. of mercari to trade < merx wares, merchandise < Italic root *merkGRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (A N N)
SYNONYMS: internal market for energy, internal market for electricity, internal electricity market
CONTEXTS:
1. If Europe is to achieve its economic, social and environmental objectives, it has to address major
energy-related issues such as a growing dependence on energy imports, volatile oil and gas prices,
climate change, increasing demand, and obstacles to a fully competitive internal energy market.
(source: http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/european_energy_policy/l27062_en.htm,
retrieved: 21.11.2014, 00:29)
2. His blueprint ties into one of Europes most elusive dreams: a single internal energy market for
gas and electricity. (source: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c6dd6c38-ea3c-11e3-afb300144feabdc0.html, retrieved: 21.11.2014, 19:17)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: piaa intern a energiei
DEFINITION: spaiu fr frontiere interne, n care este asigurat libera circulaie a energiei
electrice
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.scritub.com/stiinta/stiinte-politice/PIATA-INTERNAUNICA-A-UNIUNII-35317.php (retrieved: 24.11.2014, 14:58)

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NOTA BENE:
pia < Italian piazza
intern < French interne < Latin internus within, inward < pre-Latin *interus < PIE *en-terenergie < French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active <
in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A D NGen), fem., defectiv de plural, g.-d. sg. pieii interne
a energiei
SYNONYMS: piaa intern a energiei electrice
CONTEXTS:
1. ntrzierile n punerea n aplicare a normelor UE referitoare la piaa intern a energiei afecteaz
toi juctorii de pe aceast pia i de aceea nu sunt acceptabile (source:
http://www.cotidianul.ro/piata-interna-a-energiei-ce-trimite-romania-in-fata-curtii-europene-dejustitie-209404/, retrieved: 24.11.2014, 15:18)
2. Comisia European a acionat anul trecut n judecat Romnia pentru transpunerea incomplet a
normelor UE privind piaa intern a energiei electrice i a gazelor naturale, iar dosarele au ajuns pe
rolul Curii Europene de Justiie. (source: http://themoneychannel.realitatea.net/legea-energieimodificata/, retrieved: 24.11.2014, 15:20)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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renewable energy
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 1
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/european_energy_policy/l27062_en.htm (retrieved:
24.11.2014, 15:27)
STANDARD DEFINITION: energy from renewable non-fossil sources, namely wind, solar,
aerothermal, geothermal, hydrothermal and ocean energy, hydropower, biomass, landfill gas,
sewage treatment plant gas and biogases
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directive 2009/28/EC (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0028, retrieved: 09.01.2015, 20:04)
NOTA BENE:
renewable < renew < re- again + ME newen to resume, to revive, to renew < new < ProtoGermanic *niwjaz < PIE *newoenergy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: countable NP (A N)
SYNONYMS: green energy, RES-E
CONTEXTS:
1. As outlined in detail below, an impression is gained of a generally solid initial start at EU level
but with slower than expected removal of key barriers to renewable energy growth, with additional
efforts by particular Member States being necessary (source: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52013DC0175, retrieved: 24.11.2014, 15:55)
2. It aims to boost the use of renewable energy to 27% and to increase energy efficiency by at least
27%. (source: http://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/nov/22/-sp-climate-change-special-report,
retrieved: 24.11.2014, 15:56)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: energie regenerabil
DEFINITION: energie din surse regenerabile nefosile, respectiv eolian, solar, aerotermal,
geotermal, hidrotermal i energia oceanelor, energia hidroelectric, biomas, gaz de fermentare a
deeurilor, gaz provenit din instalaiile de epurare a apelor uzate i biogaz
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directiva 2009/28/CE (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0028, retrieved: 09.01.2015, 20:05)
NOTA BENE:
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energie < French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active <
in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
regenerabil < re- + genera < Latin generre to bring forth < PIE *gene- to produce, give birth,
beget
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A), fem., pl. energii regenerabile, g.-d. sg. energiei
regenerabile, g.-d. pl. energiilor regenerabile
SYNONYMS: energie verde, E-SRE
CONTEXTS:
1. Romnia, campionul verde al Europei: Energia regenerabil a avut o pondere de 41% n
consumul de electricitate al rii n 2013, mult peste inta asumat (source: http://adev.ro/n2sh2l,
retrieved: 24.11.2014, 18:41)
2. Transelectrica a emis un numr de 10,1 milioane de certificate verzi productorilor de energie
regenerabil pentru electricitatea generat anul trecut, potrivit datelor postate pe site-ul OPCOM,
operatorul pieei de energie electric. (source: http://adev.ro/n2la9u, retrieved: 24.11.2014, 18:43)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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nameplate capacity
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=101&t=3 (retrieved: 26.11.2014, 00:11)
STANDARD DEFINITION: maximum rated output of a generator, prime mover, or other electric
power production equipment under specific conditions designated by the manufacturer
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm?id=G#gen_nameplate
(retrieved: 26.11.2014, 00:13)
NOTA BENE:
nameplate < name + plate
name < OE noma < Proto-Germanic *namon < PIE *nomnplate < Old French plate thin piece of metal < Medieval Latin plata < Vulgar Latin
*plattus < on model of Greek platys flat, broad < PIE *plat- to spread
capacity < Middle French capacit ability to hold < Latin capacts breadth, capacity < capx
able to hold much < capere to take < PIE *kap- to grasp
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: countable NP (N N)
SYNONYMS: installed capacity
CONTEXTS:
1. The nameplate capacity is the number that we see in an announcement or a magazine: New
350MW power plant announced for our area. (source: http://energymag.net/nameplate-capacity-orrated-output/, retrieved: 26.11.2014, 00:27)
2. The true capacity value of a wind turbine or wind farm is generally less than 10% of nameplate
capacity and often 0% or slightly above simply because, at the time of peak electricity demand,
the wind isnt blowing at a speed that will permit the turbine to produce any or much electricity.
(source: https://www.masterresource.org/false-claims/the-limitations-of-electricity-from-windenergy-understanding-key-terms/, retrieved: 26.11.2014, 00:30)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: putere instalat
DEFINITION: puterea activ nominal indicat n documentaia tehnic a fabricii constructoare
pentru un generator sau receptor
DEFINITION SOURCE: https://www.enel.ro/crosweb/calculator/putere_instalata (retrieved:
26.11.2014, 00:37)

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NOTA BENE:
putere < Vulgar Latin Vulgar Latin *potere < Latin potis powerful < PIE *poti- powerful,
master
instala < French installer
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A), fem., pl. puteri instalate, g.-d. sg. puterii instalate,
g.-d. pl. puterilor instalate
SYNONYMS: capacitate instalat
CONTEXTS:
1. Capacitile de producere a energiei din surse regenerabile au ajuns la o putere instalat total de
4.704 MW la finele lunii august a acestui an, potrivit datelor furnizate de Transelectrica. (source:
http://energielive.ro/transelectrica-sursele-de-energie-regenerabila-au-ajuns-la-o-putere-instalata-de4704-mw-in-august/, retrieved: 26.11.2014, 01:09)
2. Puterea instalat n panouri fotovoltaice va ajunge la 43 MW pn la finalul anului 2012, iar
ateptrile specialitilor arat c pn la sfritul anului 2013 aceasta va fi de 140 MW, a declarat,
joi, directorul general n cadrul Autoritii Naionale de Reglementare n domeniul Energiei, Zoltn
Nagy-Bege, la o conferin privind energia solar. (source: http://www.capital.ro/anre-putereinstalata-panouri-fotovoltaice-43-mw-2012-172500.html, retrieved: 26.11.2014, 01:14)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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energy security
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 1
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/european_energy_policy/l27062_en.htm (retrieved:
26.11.2014, 13:41)
STANDARD DEFINITION: both security of supply and provision of electricity, and technical
safety
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directive 2003/54/EC (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32003L0054, retrieved: 26.11.2014, 13:42)
NOTA BENE:
energy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
security < Latin securitas < securus free from care < se- free from + cura care, concern,
trouble < Old Latin coira- < PIE *kois- be concerned
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (N N)
SYNONYMS: security of (energy) supply
CONTEXTS:
1. long-term energy security mainly deals with timely investments to supply energy in line with
economic developments and environmental needs (source:
http://www.iea.org/topics/energysecurity/, retrieved: 26.11.2014, 13:55)
2. On the other hand, short-term energy security focuses on the ability of the energy system to react
promptly to sudden changes in the supply-demand balance. (source:
http://www.iea.org/topics/energysecurity/, retrieved: 26.11.2014, 13:55)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: securitate energetic
DEFINITION: att securitatea aprovizionrii i furnizrii de energie electric, ct i securitatea
tehnic
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directiva 2003/54/CE (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32003L0054, retrieved: 26.11.2014, 14:13)
NOTA BENE:
securitate < French scurit < Latin securitas < securus free from care < se- free from + cura
care, concern, trouble < Old Latin coira- < PIE *kois- be concerned
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energetic < French nergtique < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active
< in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A), fem., defectiv de plural, g. sg.-d. securitii
energetice
SYNONYMS: siguran energetic, sigurana aprovizionrii (cu energie electric)
CONTEXTS:
1. Sprijinirea obiectivelor i proiectelor Uniunii Europene n domeniul energetic, pentru asigurarea
securitii energetice europene i pentru dezvoltarea unui mediu economic stabil (source:
http://www.mae.ro/node/1416, retrieved: 26.11.2014, 14:37)
2. Obiectivele Strategiei sunt orientate spre crearea unui complex energetic mai eficient, competitiv
i sigur, care s asigure, n aceeai msur, securitatea energetic a rii, modernizarea
infrastructurii energetice existente, mbuntirea eficienei energetice, utilizarea surselor
regenerabile de energie i integrarea pe piaa energetic european. (source:
http://www.mec.gov.md/ro/content/securitate-energetica, retrieved: 14.40)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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energy supply
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 1
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/european_energy_policy/l27062_en.htm (retrieved:
26.11.2014, 14:49)
STANDARD DEFINITION: the sale, including resale, of electricity to customers
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directive 2003/54/EC (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32003L0054, retrieved: 09.01.2015, 23:19)
NOTA BENE:
energy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
supply (n.) < supply (v.) < Old French soupplier fill up, Latin supplre < sub- up from below +
plre to fill < PIE *pleGRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (N N)
CONTEXTS:
1. Foremost on Modis travel agenda, it appears, is securing Indias energy supply, a vital ingredient
for the countrys economic growth. (source:
http://www.forbes.com/sites/saritharai/2014/11/25/narendra-modi-roams-the-world-in-attempt-tosecure-indias-energy-supply/, retrieved: 26.11.2014, 17:22)
2. In the near term, renewable sources such as solar, wind, and geothermal are unlikely to
substantially change the mix of our energy supply. (source:
http://www.nap.edu/reports/energy/supply.html, retrieved: 26.11.2014, 17:24)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: aprovizionare cu energie
DEFINITION: vnzarea, inclusiv revnzarea, de energie electric ctre consumatori
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directiva 2003/54/CE (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32003L0054, retrieved: 09.01.2015, 23:21)
NOTA BENE:
aprovizionare < French approvisioner
energie < French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active <
in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make

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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N P N), fem., defectiv de plural , g.-d. sg. aprovizionrii cu

energie
CONTEXTS:
1. Gazoductul Nabucco va contribui la diversificarea att a surselor, ct i a rutelor de aprovizionare
cu energie a Europei i la asigurarea securitii energetice, a artat, miercuri, ministrul economiei,
comerului i mediului de afaceri, Ion Ariton, care a participat, la Kayseri (Turcia), la reuniunea de
lansare la nivel ministerial a Comitetului Nabucco. (source: http://washington.mae.ro/romanianews/664, retrieved: 9.12.2014, 21:38)
2. Separarea efectiv a activitilor de producie i de aprovizionare cu energie i gaz, de gestionarea
reelelor acestor servicii. (source: http://eurosfat.ro/pagina-de-ateliere/cel-de-al-treilea-pachetlegislativ-pentru-energie-prioritati-provocari-si-efecte-asupra-pietei-din-romania/, retrieved:
9.12.2014, 21:43)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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energy regulator
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 1
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/european_energy_policy/l27062_en.htm (retrieved:
9.12.2014, 22:37)
STANDARD DEFINITION: governmental body responsible of controlling or directing economic
entities through the process of rulemaking and adjudication
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm?id=R (retrieved:
9.12.2014, 23:41)
NOTA BENE:
energy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
regulator < agent noun in Latin form of regulate (v.) < Late Latin regulatus < past. part. of rgulre
to direct < Latin rgula rule < regere (pres. act. reg) to rule, govern < PIE *regmove in a straight line
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: countable NP (N N)
CONTEXTS:
1. The CER is Irelands independent energy regulator with a range of economic, customer and
safety functions. (source: http://www.cer.ie/, retrieved: 9.12.2014, 23:53)
2. The bill, to be put before Bulgarias reconstituted parliament after last weekends closely
contested general election, requires deputies to approve all candidates for the energy regulators
seven-member senior commission that decides on regulated energy prices, the person said.
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: autoritate de reglementare n domeniul energetic
DEFINITION: autoritate administrativ autonom, avnd ca obiect de activitate elaborarea,
aprobarea i monitorizarea aplicrii reglementrilor obligatorii necesare funcionrii sectorului i
pieei energiei electrice n condiii de eficien, concuren, transparen i protecie a
consumatorilor
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.anre.ro/ro/despre-anre/statutul-si-rolul-an (retrieved:
10.12.2014, 23:12)
NOTA BENE:
autoritate < French autorit
reglementare < reglementa < French rglementer

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domeniu < French domaine

energetic < French nergtique < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active
< in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N P N P N A), fem., pl. autoriti de reglementare n
domeniul energetic, g.-d. sg. autoritii ~, g.-d. pl. autoritilor ~
CONTEXTS:
1. Asociaia Regional a Reglementatorilor n domeniul Energiei (ERRA) este o organizaie de
specialitate din care fac parte, n principal, autoriti de reglementare n domeniul energiei (energie
electric i gaze naturale) din Europa Central i de Est i regiunea Eurasia. (source:
http://www.agerpres.ro/comunicate/2013/12/12/comunicat-de-presa-anre-16-05-14, retrieved:
11.12.2014, 00:21)
2. Pe plan instituional au fost nfiinate autoriti de reglementare n domeniul energiei electrice
(ANRE) i n domeniul gazelor naturale (ANRGN), autoriti care au fuzionat n anul 2007.
(source: http://www.legex.ro/Hotararea-1069-2007-82870.aspx, retrieved: 11.12.2014, 00:23)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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energy mix
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 1
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/european_energy_policy/l27062_en.htm (retrieved:
16.12.2014, 22:18)
STANDARD DEFINITION: the distribution, within a given geographical area, of the
consumption of various energy sources
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.planete-energies.com/en/the-energy-of-tomorrow/theenergy-mix/the-energy-mix-definition-256.html (retrieved: 16.12.2014, 22:19)
NOTA BENE:
energy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
mix (n.) < mix (v.) < back-formation of ME myxte of mixed nature < Anglo-French mixte < Latin
mixtus < past. part. of misce to mix < PIE *meik- to mix
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (N N)
CONTEXTS:
1. Nowadays, to continue developing while preserving the environment, humanity has to diversify
its energy mix. (source: http://www.planete-energies.com/en/the-energy-of-tomorrow/the-energymix/the-energy-mix-definition-256.html, retrieved: 16.12.2014, 22:21)
2. When planning our generation portfolios future energy mix, we try to achieve a balance between
cost-effectiveness, supply security, and climate protection. (source:
http://www.eon.com/en/sustainability/environment/climate-protection/energy-mix-and-carbonreduction.html, 16.12.2014, 22:23)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: mix energetic
DEFINITION: varietatea resurselor de obinere a energiei electrice la nivelul unei ri
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://pactenergie.ro/2-surse-primare-de-energie-si-diversificareamixului-energetic-explorarea-si-exploatarea-de-resurse-dezvoltarea-infrastructurii-critice-2/
(retrieved: 16.12.2014, 22:50)
NOTA BENE:
mix < English mix (n.) < mix (v.) < back-formation of ME myxte of mixed nature < Anglo-French
mixte < Latin mixtus < past. part. of misce to mix < PIE *meik- to mix
energetic < French nergtique < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active
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< in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A), n., pl. mixuri energetice, g.-d. sg. mixului energetic,
g.-d. pl. mixurilor energetice
CONTEXTS:
1. Am artat, de fiecare dat cnd am avut ocazia, c Romnia trebuie s i menin marele avantaj
de a avea un mix energetic complex. (source: https://constantinnita.wordpress.com/2014/10/31/unpas-inainte-pentru-noul-grup-energetic-de-la-rovinari-proiect-de-aproximativ-un-miliard-de-euro/,
retrieved: 16.12.2014, 22:54)
2. eful delegaiei romne a pledat pentru o abordare care s susin reducerea decalajelor
economice i o cretere economic durabil, menit a asigura convergena real, precum i pentru
meninerea libertii statelor membre de a-i decide propriul mix energetic. (source:
http://economie.hotnews.ro/stiri-energie-18350890-secretarul-stat-pentru-afaceri-europene-georgeciamba-reuniunea-consiliului-afaceri-generale-oficialul-roman-pledat-pentru-mentinerea-libertatiistatelor-membre-decide-propriul-mix-energetic.htm, retrieved: 16.12.2014, 22:37)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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nuclear power
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 1
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/european_energy_policy/l27062_en.htm (retrieved:
19.12.2014, 23:50)
STANDARD DEFINITION: electricity generated by the use of the thermal energy released from
the fission of nuclear fuel in a reactor
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm?id=nuclear%20electric
%20power (retrieved: 20.12.2014, 00:02)
NOTA BENE:
nuclear < nucleus < Latin nucleus < nucula < diminutive of nux nut < PIE *kneu- nut
power < Anglo-French pouair < Old French povoir be able < Vulgar Latin *potere < Latin potis
powerful < PIE *poti- powerful, master
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (N N)
SYNONYMS: nuclear energy
CONTEXTS:
1. Despite a near halt in new construction of more than 30 years, US reliance on nuclear power has
grown. (source: http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/country-profiles/countries-T-Z/USA--NuclearPower/, retrieved: 20.12.2014, 00:05)
2. While the probability of a nuclear power accident may be small, the human and environmental
consequences of a radiation release can be catastrophic. (source: http://www.ucsusa.org/ourwork/nuclear-power, retrieved: 20.12.2014, 00:06)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: energie nuclear
DEFINITION: energie degajat n urma reaciei de fisiune nuclear
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://apollo.eed.usv.ro/~elev6/forme_energie1.html (retrieved:
20.12.2014, 10:00)
NOTA BENE:
energie < French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active <
in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
nuclear < nucleu < French nuclus < Latin nucleus < nucula < diminutive of nux nut < PIE
*kneu- nut
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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A), fem., defectiv de plural, g.-d. sg. energiei nucleare
CONTEXTS:
1. Multe naiuni care dezvolt programe de energie nuclear comercial i-au nceput cercetarea
avnd n vedere dou obiective generarea de electricitate i opiunea de a crea arme nucleare.
(source: http://www.greenpeace.org/romania/ro/campanii/energia-nucleara/, retrieved: 20.12.2014,
10:13)
2. n cazul energiei nucleare nu exist arderi i nu exist emisii gazoase nedorite n atmosfer de
felul celor menionate pn acum i deci nu avem efect de ser i nici ploaie acid, ntr-un
cuvnt nu exist poluare. (source: http://www.nuclearelectrica.ro/user/content/fe59presenter5.pdf,
retrieved: 20.12.2014, 10:18)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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biomass
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 1
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/european_energy_policy/l27062_en.htm (retrieved:
16.12.2014, 22:18)
STANDARD DEFINITION: the biodegradable fraction of products, waste and residues from
biological origin from agriculture
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directive 2009/28/EC (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0028, retrieved: 20.12.2014, 11:17)
NOTA BENE:
biomass < bio- life + mass < Old French masse lump, heap; crowd < Latin massa lump,
dough < Greek lump (of dough) < to knead < PIE *mag- to knead
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable N
CONTEXTS:
1. Biomass is carbon based and is composed of a mixture of organic molecules containing
hydrogen, usually including atoms of oxygen, often nitrogen and also small quantities of other
atoms, including alkali, alkaline earth and heavy metals. (source:
http://www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk/portal/page?_pageid=76,15049&_dad=portal, retrieved:
20.12.2014, 11:20)
2. Biomass can be sourced locally, from within the UK, on an indefinite basis, contributing to
security of supply. (source: http://www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk/portal/page?
_pageid=76,15068&_dad=portal, retrieved: 20.12.2014, 11:24)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: biomas
DEFINITION: partea biodegradabil a produselor, deeurilor i reziduurilor din agricultur
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.legex.ro/Hotararea-1844-2005-61476.aspx (retrieved:
20.12.2014, 11:27)
NOTA BENE:
biomas < bio- life + mas < French masse < Latin massa lump, dough < Greek lump
(of dough) < to knead < PIE *mag- to knead
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: N, fem., defectiv de plural , g.-d. sg. biomasei

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CONTEXTS:
1. Energia din biomas este una din alternativele cele mai logice pentru balansarea energiei.
(source: http://www.renexpo-bucharest.com/186.html?&L=1, retrieved: 20.12.2014, 11:33)
2. Datorit proiectului, n Moldova a fost creat o pia n cretere pentru tehnologiile de procesare
a biomasei, ceea ce a contribuit la creterea gradului de utilizare a surselor de energie regenerabil,
implicit la reducerea cheltuielilor de nclzire, la crearea unui mediu curat i foarte important: la
contientizarea importanei utilizrii energiei regenerabile, n rndul populaiei. (source:
http://www.biomasa.md/news-ro/2978/, retrieved: 20.12.2014, 11:34)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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biofuel
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/biofuels/biofuels_en.htm (retrieved: 16.12.2014,
22:18)
STANDARD DEFINITION: liquid or gaseous fuel for transport produced from biomass
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directive 2009/28/EC (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0028, retrieved: 20.12.2014, 11:46)
NOTA BENE:
biofuel < bio- life + fuel < Old French foaile bundle of firewood < Latin focalis pertaining to a
hearth < focus hearth < unknown origin
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: countable N
CONTEXTS:
1. Conversion technologies may release the energy directly, in the form of heat or electricity, or may
convert it to another form, such as liquid biofuel or combustible biogas. (source:
http://www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk/portal/page?_pageid=75,15179&_dad=portal, retrieved:
20.12.2014, 11:48)
2. Regarding the expand of biofuels use in the EU, the Directive aims to ensure the use of
sustainable biofuels only, which generate a clear and net GHG saving without negative impact on
biodiversity and land use. (source: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/biofuels/biofuels_en.htm,
retrieved: 20.12.2014, 11:50)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: biocarburani
DEFINITION: carburani lichizi sau gazoi utilizai pentru transport, produi din biomas
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.legex.ro/Hotararea-1844-2005-61476.aspx (retrieved:
20.12.2014, 11:51)
NOTA BENE:
biocombustibil < bio- life + combustibil < French combustible
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: N la pl., sg. (mai rar) biocarburant , g.-d. sg. biocarburantului,
g.-d. pl. biocarburanilor
SYNONYMS: biocombustibili

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CONTEXTS:
1. De asemenea, de la 1 ianuarie 2008, motorina se livreaza cu un continut de biocarburant de
minim 3 la suta in volum, iar de la 1 iulie 2008 cu minim 4 la suta in volum. (source:
http://www.naturenergy.ro/materie-prima-pentru-producatorii-de-biocarburanti-158606.htm,
retrieved: 20.12.2014, 12:02)
2. Dup ce ani de zile biocarburanii au fost privii ca un produs special, n prezent rolul benefic pe
care utilizarea lor l-ar putea avea asupra mediului nconjurtor este pus la ndoial de tot mai multe
voci. (source: http://www.caleaeuropeana.ro/biocarburantii-%E2%80%93-forma-atipica-deenergie-regenerabila/, retrieved: 20.12.2014, 12:03)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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greenhouse gas
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 1
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/european_energy_policy/l27062_en.htm (retrieved:
20.12.2014, 14:42)
STANDARD DEFINITION: any one of a number of gases that trap heat in the earth's atmosphere
in a similar way to which the glass traps heat in a greenhouse
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk/portal/page?
_pageid=74,18700&_dad=portal (retrieved: 20.12.2014, 14:45)
NOTA BENE:
greenhouse < green + house
green < OE grne < Proto-Germanic *gronja- < PIE *ghre- to grow
house < OE hs < Proto-Germanic husan < unknown origin
gas < Dutch gas word coined by Flemish chemist J.B. van Helmont, perhaps < Greek
chasm, void
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: countable NP (N N)
CONTEXTS:
1. Many greenhouse gases occur naturally in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, methane,
water vapor, and nitrous oxide, while others are synthetic. (source:
https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoring-references/faq/greenhouse-gases.php, retrieved: 20.12.2014,
14:53)
2. For each greenhouse gas, a Global Warming Potential (GWP) has been calculated to reflect how
long it remains in the atmosphere, on average, and how strongly it absorbs energy. (source:
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases.html, retrieved: 20.12.2014, 14:54)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: gaze cu efect de ser
DEFINITION: constituieni gazoi ai atmosferei, att naturali ct i antropici, care absorb i reemit
radiaia infraroie
DEFINITION SOURCE:
http://www.clima.md/files/1_Cadrul_International/2_Documente/1_Conventia_si_protocol/Convent
ia/conventia_cadru_rom.pdf (retrieved: 20.12.2014, 15:52)
NOTA BENE:
gaz < French gaz < Dutch gas word coined by Flemish chemist J.B. van Helmont, perhaps <
Greek chasm, void
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efect < Latin effectus

ser < French serre
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N P N P N) la pl., sg. gaz cu efect de ser , g.-d. sg. gazului
~, g.-d. pl. gazelor ~
CONTEXTS:
1. Dup 2012, protocolul de la Kyoto, negociat n 1997, ar trebui extins la un nou set de gaze cu
efect de ser, recomand climatologii care fac parte din Grupul Interguvernamental pentru
Schimbri Climatice. (source: http://www.evz.ro/efectul-de-sera-prieten-sau-dusman-846196.html,
retrieved: 20.12.2014, 15:55)
2. Obiectivul declarat al conveniei a fost de a stabiliza concentraiile de gaze cu efect de ser n
atmosfer la un nivel care s mpiedice o perturbare antropic periculoas a sistemului climatic ntrun interval de timp suficient pentru ca ecosistemele s se poat adapta natural la schimbrile
climatice, pentru ca producia alimentar s nu fie ameninat, iar dezvoltarea economic s se
poat desfura n mod durabil. (source: http://www.juridice.ro/282779/scurte-consideratii-privindprotectia-atmosferei-prin-prisma-conventiei-cadru-a-natiunilor-unite-asupra-schimbarilor-climaticesi-a-protocolului-de-la-kyoto.html, retrieved: 20.12.2014, 15:56)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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energy consumption
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 1
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/european_energy_policy/l27062_en.htm (retrieved:
20.12.2014, 16:23)
STANDARD DEFINITION: the use of energy as a source of heat or power or as a raw material
input to a manufacturing process
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm?id=E#energy_cons
(retrieved: 20.12.2014, 16:31)
NOTA BENE:
energy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
consumption < Old French consumpcion < Latin cnsmpti < past. part. of cnsmere < conwith + smere to take < sub under + emere (pres. act. em) to buy
(originally to take) < PIE *em- to take, distribute
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (N N)
CONTEXTS:
1. For decades, space heating and cooling (space conditioning) accounted for more than half of all
residential energy consumption. (source: http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?
id=10271&src=%E2%80%B9%20Consumption%20%20%20%20%20%20Residential%20Energy
%20Consumption%20Survey%20%28RECS%29-f1, retrieved: 20.12.2014, 16:33)
2. In fact, on average, every time an American spends a dollar, the energy equivalent of a cup of oil
is used to produce what that dollar buys! That's why we've singled out the United States for
comparison here ... its energy consumption is truly extraordinary! (source:
http://www.worldpopulationbalance.org/population_energy, retrieved: 20.12.2014, 16:36)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: consum de energie electric
DEFINITION: energia pe care un consumator de energie electric o preia din Sistemul
Electroenergetic Naional
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.opcom.ro/uploads/doc/Decontare/Procedura
%20Operationala%20Privind%20Decontarea%20Dezechilibrelor%20Partilor%20Responsabile
%20Cu%20Echilibrarea.pdf (retrieved: 21.12.2014, 13:09)
NOTA BENE:
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consum < consuma < French consumer < Latin cnsmere < con- with + smere to take < sub
under + emere (pres. act. em) to buy (originally to take) < PIE *em- to take,
distribute
energie < French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active <
in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N P N A), masc., defectiv de plural, g.-d. sg. consumului
de energie electric
CONTEXTS:
1. Un alt factor este reprezentat de izolarea termic a cldirilor, care a dus la scderea consumului
de energie electric pentru nclzire n timpul iernii.
(source: http://www.focus-energetic.ro/consumul-de-energie-ar-putea-scadea-cu-4-anual-pana-in2017-12088.html, retrieved: 21.12.2014, 13:22)
2. ncadrarea punctelor de msur n categoria C utilizate pentru msurarea energiei electrice
vehiculate pe circuitele care alimenteaz locuri de consum de energie electric cu consum anual sub
200 MWh. (source: http://www.eon-energie.ro/ro/eon-moldova-distributie/Clientidistributie/Profiluri-de-consum/, retrieved: 21.12.2014, 13:23)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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carbon capture and storage

ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 1
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/european_energy_policy/l27062_en.htm (retrieved:
21.12.2014, 17:13)
STANDARD DEFINITION: a family of technologies and techniques that enable the capture of
CO2 from fuel combustion or industrial processes and its storage underground
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.iea.org/topics/ccs/ (retrieved: 21.12.2014, 17:14)
NOTA BENE:
carbon < French carbone < Latin carb charcoal, coal < PIE *ker- heat, fire, to burn
capture < French capture a taking < Latin captra catching < captus < past. part. of capere to
grasp, lay hold, take < PIE *kap- to grasp, seize
storage < store (v.) + -age; store (v.) < Old French estorer to erect, build; to restore, repair; to
furnish, provision < Latin instaurare to restore, renew, repair, make (Medieval Latin
also to provide, store < in- + -staurare < PIE *stau-ro- < extended from root *sta- to
stand; meaning influenced by store (n.) < store (v.)
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (N N CONJ N)
CONTEXTS:
1. The International Energy Agency (IEA) today welcomed the launch of the worlds first largescale power station equipped with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, calling it a historic
milestone along the road to a low-carbon energy future. (source:
http://www.iea.org/newsroomandevents/pressreleases/2014/october/iea-hails-historic-launch-ofcarbon-capture-and-storage-project.html, retrieved: 21.12.2014, 17:16)
2. The project, called White Rose, is a joint venture between Drax, Alstom and BOC and is the first
large-scale carbon capture and storage (CCS) project in the EU. (source:
http://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/jul/08/yorkshire-drax-carbon-capture-power-plant,
retrieved: 21.12.2014, 17:18)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: captarea i stocarea dioxidului de carbon
DEFINITION: captarea dioxidului de carbon din surse mari punctiforme i stocarea lui n locul
eliberrii n atmosfer
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.co2club.ro/ro/informatii-utile-CCS.html (retrieved:
21.12.2014, 17:24)

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NOTA BENE:
captare < French. capter < Latin captra catching < captus < past. part. of capere to grasp, lay
hold, take < PIE *kap- to grasp, seize
stocare < French stocker < English stock
dioxid < French dioxyde
carbon < French carbone < Latin carb charcoal, coal < PIE *ker- heat, fire, to burn
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N CONJ N NGen P N), fem.&fem., defectiv de plural , g.-d.
sg. captrii i stocrii dioxidului de carbon
CONTEXTS:
1. Asumndu-i angajamentul su fa de mediul nconjurtor n perspectiva unei evoluii durabile,
compania Romgaz a decis n cursul anului 2011 s se alture unuia dintre cele mai mari proiecte
demonstrative de captare i stocare a dioxidului de carbon (CO2) din Europa. (source:
http://www.romgaz.ro/responsabilitate-sociala/mediu/proiectul-demonstrativ-getica.html, retrieved:
21.12.2014, 17:29)
2. Susinerea sectorului energiei regenerabile prin ajutoare de stat sau bonusuri a condus la
ngreunarea dezvoltrii programelor de captare i stocare a dioxidului de carbon, a declarat Dan
Gheorghiu, directorul Institutului pentru Studii i Proiectri Energetice (ISPE). (source:
http://www.green-report.ro/ispe-regenerabilele-au-ingreunat-programele-de-captare-si-stocare-aco2/, retrieved: 21.12.2014, 17:30)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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green certificate
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 2
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/renewable_energy/l24452_en.htm (retrieved:
21.12.2014, 19:00)
STANDARD DEFINITION: certificate that is proof that one megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity
was generated from a renewable energy resource
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rec.asp (retrieved: 21.12.2014,
19:13)
NOTA BENE:
green < OE grene < Proto-Germanic *gronja- < PIE *ghre- to grow
certificate < French certificat < Middle Latin certificatum < noun use of past. part. of certificare to
certify, to make certain < Latin certus sure, fixed, settled, determined + root of
facere to do, make;
certus < past. part. of cernere to distinguish, decide; to shift, separate, judge < PIE
*kry- to sieve, separate, distinguish
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: countable NP (A N) (used mostly in the plural)
SYNONYMS: Renewables Obligation (UK)
CONTEXTS:
1. By issuing green certificates two different markets are created for producers of renewable
electricity: the market of physical electricity, on which they have to compete like any other
electricity producer, and the market of green certificates. (source: http://wordpress.enbc.eu/?p=137,
retrieved: 21.12.2014, 19:24)
2. Demand can also be imposed by the government on consumers or other actors in the electricity
supply chain (generators, distributors, suppliers) via an obligation to generate, transmit, deliver or
buy a certain amount of green certificates. (source: http://wordpress.enbc.eu/?p=137, retrieved:
21.12.2014, 19:29)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: certificat verde
DEFINITION: titlu ce atest producerea din surse regenerabile de energie a unei cantiti de
energie electric
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.legex.ro/Legea-220-2008-106952.aspx (retrieved:
21.12.2014, 20:06)

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NOTA BENE:
certificat < French certificat < Middle Latin certificatum < noun use of past. part. of certificare to
certify, to make certain < Latin certus sure, fixed, settled, determined + root of
facere to do, make;
certus < past. part. of cernere to distinguish, decide; to shift, separate, judge < PIE
*kry- to sieve, separate, distinguish
verde < Latin viridis
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A) (de obicei la pl.), pl. certificate verzi, g.-d. sg.
certificatului verde, g.-d. pl. certificatelor verzi
CONTEXTS:
1. n cererea de reexaminare transmis pe 10 ianuarie, preedintele atrgea atenia c, prin lege, se
modific schema de ajutor de stat privind acordarea certificatelor verzi fr notificarea Comisiei
Europene, aa cum ar fi fost necesar, potrivit articolului 108, alineat 3 al Tratatului privind
funcionarea Uniunii Europene. (source: http://www.ziare.com/mediu/energie-electrica/ce-a-decissenatul-cu-legea-care-loveste-in-producatorii-de-energie-verde-1282076, retrieved: 21.12.2014,
20:04)
2. Transelectrica, operatorul de transport i sistem n sectorul energiei electrice, a emis pn la data
de 17 iulie 2014 un numr de 4,77 milioane de certificate verzi, aferente produciei de energie din
surse regenerabile din perioada ianuarie - iunie 2014, potrivit datelor publicate pe site-ul OPCOM,
operatorul pieei centralizate de energie electric. (source: http://www.capital.ro/transelectrica-aemis-477-milioane-de-certificate-verzi-pentru-energia-regenarabila.html, retrieved: 21.12.2014,
20:08)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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grid access
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 2
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/renewable_energy/l24452_en.htm (retrieved:
21.12.2014, 23:43)
STANDARD DEFINITION: regulatory mandate to allow others to use a utility's transmission and
distribution facilities to move bulk power from one point to another on a nondiscriminatory basis
for a cost-based fee
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm?id=O#open_access
(retrieved: 22.12.2014, 00:24)
NOTA BENE:
grid < shortening of gridiron cooking utensil < ME griderne < alteration (by association with
iron) of gridire < variant of Old French gridil < Latin crticula grill < diminutive of crtis
wickerwork < PIE *kert- to turn, entwine
access < ME access an attack of fever < Old French acces onslaught; onset (of an illness) <
Latin accessus a coming to < noun use of past. part. of accdere to approach < adto + cdere to yield, give place, go < PIE *sed- to go, yield
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (N N)
CONTEXTS:
1. To overcome these barriers and realise the UK's community energy potential it recommends:
providing priority grid access to community energy projects; allowing them to pay back their
connection costs over time; exemption from wider network upgrade costs; standardised cost
assessments, which are then fixed; and improved communications and transparency from electricity
grid network operators. (source: http://www.theguardian.com/social-enterprise-partner-zone-the-cooperative/electricity-grid-access-preventing-community-energy-revolution, retrieved: 22.12.2014,
11:36)
2. On 24 September, Kyushu Electric Power said it will defer granting grid access to new projects
until a review of how much more renewable power it can take on is completed. (source:
http://www.powerengineeringint.com/articles/2014/10/japan-s-utilities-to-restrict-solar-projectsgrid-access.html, retrieved: 22.12.2014, 11:38)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: acces la reea
DEFINITION: dreptul agenilor economici care produc i/sau furnizeaz energie electric, precum
i al consumatorilor de energie electric, de a se racorda i de a folosi n condiiile legii reelele
electrice de transport i distribuie
DEFINITION SOURCE:
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http://www.transelectrica.ro/documents/10179/25940/glosar.pdf/32f5d19c-4253-4817-89303ff5f98e9b0c (retrieved: 22.12.2014, 11:40)

NOTA BENE:
acces < French accs < Latin accessus a coming to < noun use of past. part. of accdere to
approach < ad- to + cdere to yield, give place, go < PIE *sed- to go, yield
reea < Latin *retella
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N P N), masc., defectiv de plural , g.-d. sg. accesului la
reea
CONTEXTS:
1. Prin urmare, limitele fixe de putere nu pot asigura accesul la reea la nivelul capacitii reale.
(source: http://cursdeguvernare.ro/punctul-slab-al-proiectului-european-de-piata-de-energieelectrica-accesul-la-retea-si-managementul-congestiilor-de-transport.html, retrieved: 22.12.2014,
11:49)
2. Compania CEZ Distribuie, investigat din 2011 pentru restricionarea accesului furnizorilor de
energie la reea i pentru lips de transparen fa de consumatori, se angajeaz c va renuna la
astfel de practici pentru a evita sanciunile Consiliului Concurenei (CC) pentru abuz de poziie
dominant. (source: http://www.energynomics.ro/cez-distributie-spune-ca-elimina-restrictiile-deacces-la-retea/?lang=ro, retrieved: 22.12.2014, 11:47)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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feed-in tariff
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 2
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/renewable_energy/l24452_en.htm (retrieved: )
STANDARD DEFINITION: price per unit of electricity that a utility or supplier has to pay for
renewable electricity from private generators
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://glossary.eea.europa.eu/terminology/concept_html?term=feed-in
%20tariff (retrieved: 22.12.2014, 12:38)
NOTA BENE:
feed-in < feed (v.) < OE fedan to nourish, give food to, foster < Proto-Germanic *fdjan < PIE
*pat- < extended from *pa- to graze, tend, pasture, guard, feed
tariff < Italian tariffa tariff, price, assessment < Medieval Latin tarifa list of prices, book of
rates < Arabic ta'rif notification, a making known; inventory of fees to be paid < verbal
noun from arafa he made known, he taught
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: countable NP (A N)
CONTEXTS:
1. Feed-in Tariffs were introduced on 1 April 2010 and replaced UK government grants as the main
financial incentive to encourage uptake of renewable electricity-generating technologies. (source:
http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/domestic/content/feed-tariff-scheme, retrieved: 22.12.2014,
12:42)
2. Historically, FITs have been associated with a German model in which the government mandates
that utilities enter into long-term contracts with generators at specified rates, typically well above
the retail price of electricity. (source: http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=11471,
retrieved: 22.12.2014, 12:44)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: tarif fix
DEFINITION: pre de achiziie, de ctre productori sau consumatori, de E-RES, a crui valoare
este stabilit n funcie de sursa regenerabil utilizat i de cantitatea de energie produs
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.cdep.ro/afaceri_europene/afeur/2010/fi_526.pdf (retrieved:
22.12.2014, 12:46)
NOTA BENE:
tarif < French tarif I< talian tariffa tariff, price, assessment < Medieval Latin tarifa list of prices,
book of rates < Arabic ta'rif notification, a making known; inventory of fees to be paid
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< verbal noun from arafa he made known, he taught

fix < French fixe < Latin fixus
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A), masc., pl. tarife fixe, g.-d. sg. tarifului fix, g.-d. pl.
tarifelor fixe
CONTEXTS:
1. Productorii de electricitate din surse regenerabile care dein centrale cu o putere de pn la 1
MW vor primi subvenii sub forma unor tarife fixe la care electricitatea va fi preluat garantat n
sistem i care se vor situa ntre 69,4 lei i 167 de euro pe MWh, au declarat surse oficiale din
sectorul energetic. (source: http://www.focus-energetic.ro/tarif-fix-la-regenerabile-15845.html,
retrieved: 22.12.2014, 12:48)
2. Avantajele tarifului fix pentru proiecte mici fotovoltaice sunt multiple, n principal
predictibilitatea pentru investitori, operatorii de reea, consumatori i, totodat, pentru instituiile
care reglementeaz piaa. (source: http://www.green-report.ro/proiectele-solare-de-mici-dimensiunibula-de-oxigen-pentru-investitori/, retrieved: 22.12.2014, 12:49)
DESIGNATION STATUS: oficial

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energy saving
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 3
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/energy_efficiency/l27061_en.htm (retrieved: )
STANDARD DEFINITION: avoiding wasting energy
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://glossary.eea.europa.eu/terminology/concept_html?term=energy
%20saving (retrieved: 22.12.2014, 14:17)
NOTA BENE:
energy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
saving < save (v.) < Old French sauver to keep safe, protect, redeem < Latin salvare to make
safe, secure < Latin salvus uninjured, safe < PIE *sol-wos- < *sol- whole
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (N N)
SYNONYMS: energy conservation
CONTEXTS:
1. Gazprom consistently pursues the energy saving and energy efficiency enhancement policy in
industrial operations. (source: http://www.gazprom.com/nature/energy-conservation/, retrieved:
22.12.2014, 14:29)
2.A 20% energy saving would also allow the EU to meet its Tokyo commitments by reducing CO2
emissions in order to protect a healthy environment for the citizens of today and tomorrow. (source:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/energy_efficiency/l27061_en.htm, retrieved:
22.12.2014, 14:33)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: economisirea energiei
DEFINITION: scderea cantitii de energie utilizat
DEFINITION SOURCE: https://www.gdfsuez.ro/energie-acasa/gaze-naturale/economie-deenergie/responsabilitate-energetica/ (retrieved: 22.12.2014, 17:01)
NOTA BENE:
economisire < Greek
energie < French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active <
in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make

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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N NGen), fem., defectiv de plural, g.-d. sg. economisirii

energiei
CONTEXTS:
1. Unul dintre obiectivele proiectului Eficiena energetic este economisirea energiei electrice
prin utilizarea raional a ei de ctre consumatori. (source: http://gasnaturalfenosa.md/page/sfaturide-economisire-energiei-pentru-persoane-fizice, retrieved: 22.12.2014, 17:05)
2. Dou dintre aceste concepte pun un accent deosebit explicit sau implicit pe economisirea
energiei, care nu trebuie perceput ca o lips, ca o modalitatea de reducere a confortului, de
deteriorare a modului de via pe scurt, ca o modalitate de a tremura n ntuneric: economica nu
nseamn impunerea unor restricii. (source: http://www.agir.ro/buletine/261.pdf, retrieved:
22.12.2014, 17:08)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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wind power
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 2
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/renewable_energy/l24452_en.htm (retrieved: )
STANDARD DEFINITION: electrical energy generated through the harnessing of the motor
energy of air in motion (wind)
DEFINITION SOURCE:
http://www.energyvortex.com/energydictionary/EnergyVortex.htm#independent_grid_operator_
%28igo%29.html (retrieved: 22.12.2014, 20:36)
NOTA BENE:
wind < Old English wind < Proto-Germanic *windaz < PIE *we-nt-o blowing < *w to blow (of
wind)
power < Anglo-French pouair < Old French povoir be able < Vulgar Latin *potere < Latin potis
powerful < PIE *poti- powerful, master
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (N N)
SYNONYMS: wind energy
CONTEXTS:
1. Thanks to a series of tax credits from Congress and renewable-energy mandates from the states,
wind power has expanded at a torrid pace. (source: http://www.vox.com/2014/12/22/7432407/windpower-tax-credit, retrieved: 22.12.2014, 20:41)
2. This, in turn, has sparked a great many conversations over whether or not renewables are
sufficiently advanced to provide significant amounts of base load power, the estimated cost of
transitioning away from fossil fuels, and the timeline for transitioning from hypercompressed
prehistoric plant matter to solar or wind power. (source:
http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/195003-solar-and-wind-power-are-now-fully-competitivewith-fossil-fuels-is-it-time-to-switch-over, retrieved: 22.12.2014, 20:44)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: energie eolian
DEFINITION: energia cinetic a maselor de aer atmosferic aflate n micare relativ fa de
suprafaa terestr
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://dexonline.ro/definitie/eolian (retrieved: 22.12.2014, 20:53)
NOTA BENE:
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energie < French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active <
in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
eolian < French olien
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A), fem., defectiv de plural, g.-d. sg. energiei eoliene
CONTEXTS:
1. Pentru productorii de energie electric din energie eolian se acord dou certificate verzi pentru
1MWh livrat n reeaua naional pn n 2015 i un certificat verde pentru 1MWh livrat ncepnd
cu 2016. (source: http://www.alea.ro/energie-eoliana, retrieved: 22.12.2014, 21:35)
2. Din pcate predictibilitatea sczut a cantitii de energie ce poate fi produs face necesar
folosirea energiei eoliene n conjuncie cu alte mijloace de furnizare a electricitii. (source:
http://www.energie-eoliana.com/energia-eoliana-nivel-global/, retrieved: 22.12.2014, 21:37)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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hydroelectric power
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 2
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/renewable_energy/l24452_en.htm (retrieved: )
STANDARD DEFINITION: energy generated by harnessing the power of moving - but not
necessarily falling - water
DEFINITION SOURCE:
http://www.energyvortex.com/energydictionary/hydroelectricity__hydroelectric_power__hydro.htm
l (retrieved: 22.12.2014, 21:46)
NOTA BENE:
hydroelectric < hydro- water + electric
hydro- < Greek water < PIE *wod-or < *wed- water, wet
electric < Modern Latin electricus resembling amber < Latin lectrum amber;
pale gold (alloy of 1:4 silver to gold) < Greek < unknown
origin
power < Anglo-French pouair < Old French povoir be able < Vulgar Latin *potere < Latin potis
powerful < PIE *poti- powerful, master
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (N N)
SYNONYMS: hydroelectricity, hydropower, hydro
CONTEXTS:
1. Today, harnessing the power of moving water to generate electricity, known as hydroelectric
power, is the largest source of emissions-free, renewable electricity in the United States and
worldwide. (source: http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewableenergy/how-hydroelectric-energy.html, retrieved: 22.12.2014, 21:50)
2. "Still, power plants in the Sierra Nevada region have had much less water available and that has
meant we've been able to generate less hydroelectric power." (source:
http://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/california-drought-hydroelectric-fall-naturalgas/32510730, retrieved: 22.12.2014, 21:50)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: hidroenergie
DEFINITION: form de energie utilizat pentru producerea energiei electrice cu ajutorul
turbinelor hidraulice
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.slideshare.net/hidr/energia-hidraulica-1620058 (retrieved:
22.12.2014, 21:56)
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NOTA BENE:
hidroenergie < hidro- water + energie < French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek
activity < active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *wergto do, make
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: N, fem., defectiv de plural, g.-d. sg. hidroenergiei
SYNONYMS: energie hidroelectric
CONTEXTS:
1. Microhidrocentralele se construiesc n zone izolate unde accesul la alte surse de energie nu exist,
cel mai adesea pe cursul unor ruri mici. 20% din electricitatea la nivel mondial este dat de
hidroenergie, iar ca raport fa de toate resursele regenerabile folosite la acest moment la nivel
modial, hidroenergia reprezint 63% din ele. (source: http://armandgroup.eu/ro/?page_id=36,
retrieved: 22.12.2014, 22:20)
2. Mesajul specialitilor elveieni n hidroenergie: Protejai cu orice pre rurile care nc mai curg
liber n Romnia! (source: http://www.amosnews.ro/mesajul-specialistilor-elvetieni-hidroenergieprotejati-cu-orice-pret-raurile-care-inca-mai-curg, retrieved: 22.12.2014, 22:23)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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geothermal energy
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 2
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/renewable_energy/l24452_en.htm (retrieved:
26.12.2014, 13:36)
STANDARD DEFINITION: energy stored in the form of heat beneath the surface of solid earth
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directive 2009/28/EC (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0028, retrieved: 26.12.2014, 13:36)
NOTA BENE:
geothermal < geo- earth + -thermal having to do with heat < French thermal < Greek
heat < PIE *gwher to heat, warm
energy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: countable NP (A N)
SYNONYMS: geothermal power
CONTEXTS:
1. Existing technology also does not yet allow recovery of heat directly from magma, the very deep
and most powerful resource of geothermal energy. (source:
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/tech/geothermal-energy, retrieved: 26.12.2014, 13:39)
2. It is believed that the ultimate source of geothermal energy is radioactive decay occurring deep
within the earth (Burkland, 1973). (source: http://www.geothermal.org/what.html, retrieved:
26.12.2014, 13:41)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: energie geotermal
DEFINITION: energia stocat sub form de cldur sub stratul solid al suprafeei terestre
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directiva 2009/28/CE (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0028, retrieved: 26.12.2014, 13:46)
NOTA BENE:
energie < French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active <
in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
geotermal < geo- earth + -termal having to do with heat < French thermal < Greek
heat < PIE *gwher to heat, warm
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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A), pl. energii geotermale, g.-d. sg. energiei geotermale,
g.-d. pl. energiilor geotermale
SYNONYMS: energie geotermic
CONTEXTS:
1. Ca scurt istoric, energia geotermal i izvoarele cu ap cald au fost folosite n secolele trecute
pentru splat i nclzit locuine, n 1904 fiind nregistrat prima utilizare n vederea producerii
electricitii (un generator care alimenta 4 becuri). (source: http://www.energeia.ro/energiegeotermala/centrale-geotermale/centrale-geotermale-avantaje-si-dezavantaje-95/, retrieved:
26.12.2014, 13:49)
2. Cel mai bun exemplu de orientare ctre beneficiile energiei geotermale este Islanda, unde se
extrage ap fierbinte de la adncimi variate de la 500 de metri adncime, ap de 150 de grade
Celsius, iar de la 1.000 de metri adncime, ap de 300 de grade. (source: http://totb.ro/energieverde-romania-a-treia-tara-cu-potential-geotermal-din-europa/, retrieved: 26.12.2014, 13:51)
DESIGNATION STATUS: oficial

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wave energy
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 2
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/renewable_energy/l24452_en.htm (retrieved:
26.12.2014, 18:44)
STANDARD DEFINITION: power extracted from the motion of sea waves at the coast
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://glossary.eea.europa.eu/terminology/concept_html?term=wave
%20energy (retrieved: 26.12.2014, 18:45)
NOTA BENE:
wave < alteration (by influence of wave (v.)) of Middle English waw < Old English waigan to
move to and from < Proto-Germanic *wag- < PIE *weg'he- to move about, to drag
energy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: countable NP (N N)
SYNONYMS: wave power
CONTEXTS:
1. In February, U.S. corporate giant Lockheed Martin announced a joint venture to create the
worlds biggest wave energy project, a 62.5-megawatt installation slated for the coast of Australia
that would produce enough power for 10,000 homes. Scotland, surrounded by the rough waters of
the Atlantic and the North Sea, has become a hotbed of wave-energy research and development,
with the government last year approving a 40-megawatt wave energy installation in the Shetland
Islands.
(source:
http://e360.yale.edu/feature/why_wave_power_has_lagged_far_behind_as_energy_source/2760/,
retrieved: 26.12.2014, 19:05)
2. A recurring theme among wave power experts is that wave energy is where wind energy was
three decades ago. (source:
http://e360.yale.edu/feature/why_wave_power_has_lagged_far_behind_as_energy_source/2760/,
retrieved: 26.12.2014, 19:07)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: energie a valurilor
DEFINITION: energia obinut din micarea de suprafa a valurilor i din fluctuaiile de presiune
de sub suprafaa apei

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DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.energeia.ro/energia-valurilor/ (retrieved: 26.12.2014, 19:15)

NOTA BENE:
energie < French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active <
in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
val < Slavonic val
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N D N), fem., defectiv de plural, g.-d. sg. energiei
valurilor
CONTEXTS:
1. Numeroase institute de cercetri hidraulice din SUA, Frana, Marea Britanie, Chinan i Japonia
au n programul lor de activitate realizarea unor instalaii de captare a energiei valurilor. (source:
http://agir.ro/buletine/821.pdf, retrieved: 26.12.2014, 19:31)
2. Realizrile n domeniul energiei valurilor au cunoscut o amploare deosebit n ultimele decenii.
n prezent, conversia energiei valurilor n energie electrica se aplica n multe ri, pe scar larg, cu
aplicaii diverse. (source: http://www.naturenergy.ro/sistem-de-captare-a-energiei-valurilor158747.htm, retrieved: 26.12.2014, 19:50)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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tidal power
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 2
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/renewable_energy/l24452_en.htm (retrieved:
26.12.2014, 19:55)
STANDARD DEFINITION: mechanical power, which may be converted to electrical power,
generated by the rise and fall of ocean tides
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://glossary.eea.europa.eu//terminology/sitesearch?term=tidal+energy
(retrieved: 26.12.2014, 19:56)
NOTA BENE:
tidal < tide + -al ; tide < Old English tid point or portion of time, due time < Proto-Germanic
*tidiz division of time
power < Anglo-French pouair < Old French povoir be able < Vulgar Latin *potere < Latin potis
powerful < PIE *poti- powerful, master
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (N N)
SYNONYMS: tidal energy
CONTEXTS:
1. Tidal power is non-polluting, reliable and predictable.Tidal barrages, undersea tidal turbines
like wind turbines but driven by the sea and a variety of machines harnessing undersea currents
are under development. Unlike wind and waves, tidal currents are entirely predictable. (source:
http://www.oceanenergycouncil.com/ocean-energy/tidal-energy/, retrieved: 26.12.2014, 20:03)
2. The problem with exploiting tidal power has, rather, been finding places to do it efficiently: bays
or estuaries with a suitable tidal reach and a topography that permits a barrage to be constructed.
(source: http://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2013/05/tidal-power, retrieved: 26.12.2014,
20:04)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: energie a mareelor
DEFINITION: energie care poate fi captat prin exploatarea energiei poteniale rezultate din
deplasarea pe vertical a masei de ap la diferite niveluri sau a energiei cinetice datorate curenilor
mareici
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.energiialternative.net/hidro2.htm (retrieved: 26.12.2014,
20:07)

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NOTA BENE:
energie < French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active <
in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
maree < French mare
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N D N), fem., defectiv de plural, g.-d. sg. energiei
mareelor
SYNONYMS: energie mareic, energie mareomotric
CONTEXTS:
1. Energia mareelor nu depinde de factorii atmosferici sau climatici aa cum se ntmpl n cazul
energiei obinute din surse solare sau derivate. (source: http://despretot.info/2012/06/energiamareelor/, retrieved: 26.12.2014, 20:27)
2. Pentru o valorificare eficient a energiei mareelor, sunt necesare i anumite condiii naturale; n
primul rnd, amplitudinea mareelor s fie de cel puin 8 m, iar, n al doilea rnd, s existe un bazin
natural (de regul un estuar), care s comunice cu oceanul printr-o deschidere foarte ngust.
(source: http://www.instalatii.ro/energii-neconventionale/energia-mareelor, retrieved: 26.12.2014,
20:30)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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fossil fuels
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 5
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/energy_efficiency/l27064_en.htm (retrieved:
27.12.2014, 12:27)
STANDARD DEFINITION: coal, natural gas and petroleum products (such as oil) formed from
the decayed bodies of animals and plants that died millions of years ago
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://glossary.eea.europa.eu//terminology/sitesearch?term=fossil+fuels
(retrieved: 27.12.2014, 12:32)
NOTA BENE:
fossil < French fossile < Latin fossilis dug up < past. part. of fodere < PIE *bhedh- to dig, pierce
fuel < Old French foaile bundle of firewood < Latin focalis pertaining to a hearth < focus
hearth < unknown origin
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: countable NP (N N) (in the plural)
ANTONYMS: alternative fuels
CONTEXTS:
1. The utilization of fossil fuels has enabled large-scale industrial development and largely
supplanted water-driven mills, as well as the combustion of wood or peat for heat. (source:
http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/f/fossil_fuel.htm, retrieved: 27.12.2014, 12:44)
2. Ok, you could argue that fossil fuels are renewable because more coal seams and oil fields will be
formed if we wait long enough. However that means waiting for many millions of years.
[...] As far as we today are concerned, we're using it up very fast and it hardly gets replaced at all so by any sensible human definition fossil fuels are not renewable. (source:
http://www.darvill.clara.net/altenerg/fossil.htm, retrieved: 27.12.2014, 12:47)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: combustibili fosili
DEFINITION: hidrocarburi (substane alctuite din hidrogen i carbon) formate din rmiele
fosilizate ale plantelor i animalelor, care degaj o mare cantitate de energie prin ardere
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.scientia.ro/univers/40-terra/2619-combustibili-fosili-scurtaprezentare.html (retrieved: 27.12.2014, 13:01)
NOTA BENE:
combustibil < French combustible
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fosil < French fossile < Latin fossilis dug up < past. part. of fodere < PIE *bhedh- to dig, pierce
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A) la pl., sg. combustibil fosil, g.-d. pl. combustibililor
fosili
ANTONYMS: combustibili alternativi
CONTEXTS:
1. Populaia Terrei este n cretere, deci nevoia de resurse i materii prime crete i ea, dar
combustibilii fosili sunt o resurs limitat. Se caut surse de energie neconvenionale, care s
nlocuiasc aceste substane. Pe lng faptul c devin din ce n ce mai rari, combustibilii fosili sunt
responsabili de poluarea i degradarea mediului nconjurtor. (source:
http://www.scientia.ro/univers/40-terra/2619-combustibili-fosili-scurta-prezentare.html, retrieved:
27.12.2014, 12:59)
2. Familia Rockefeller, care a acumulat una dintre cele mai mari averi la nivel mondial din afacerile
cu petrol, i va reduce investiiile n combustibili fosili la mai puin de 1% din total i va investi n
schimb n energie regenerabil. (source: http://www.zf.ro/business-international/familia-rockefellerrenunta-la-combustibili-fosili-si-investeste-in-energie-regenerabila-13333827, retrieved:
27.12.2014, 13:01)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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smart grids
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 3:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/internal_energy_market/en0031_en.htm (retrieved:
29.12.2014, 19:12)
STANDARD DEFINITION: an upgraded electricity network to which two-way digital
communication between supplier and consumer, intelligent metering and monitoring systems have
been added
DEFINITION SOURCE:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/internal_energy_market/en0031_en.htm (retrieved:
29.12.2014, 19:13)
NOTA BENE:
smart < OE smeart painful, severe, stinging
grid < shortening of gridiron cooking utensil < ME griderne < alteration (by association with
iron) of gridire < variant of Old French gridil < Latin crticula grill < diminutive of crtis
wickerwork < PIE *kert- to turn, entwine
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: countable NP in the plural (A N)
CONTEXTS:
1. Smart grids possess demand response capacity to help balance electrical consumption with
supply, as well as the potential to integrate new technologies to enable energy storage devices and
the large-scale use of electric vehicles. (source: http://new.abb.com/smartgrids/what-is-a-smart-grid,
retrieved: 29.12.2014, 19:16)
2. As a result, electricity accounts for a significant share of the carbon emissions generated by
energy consumption. Smart gridsin which computers and other technologies are used to
intelligently integrate the generation, transmission, and consumption of electricityhave the
potential to greatly improve the efficiency of this vital energy source. (source:
http://www.majoreconomiesforum.org/the-global-partnership/smart-grids.html, retrieved:
29.12.2014, 19:20)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: reele inteligente
DEFINITION: reea electric modernizat prin implementarea unui sistem digital bidirecional de
comunicaie ntre furnizor i consumator i a unor sisteme inteligente de contorizare i monitorizare
DEFINITION SOURCE:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/internal_energy_market/en0031_ro.htm (retrieved:
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29.12.2014, 19:23)
NOTA BENE:
reea < Latin *retella
inteligent < French intelligent < Latin intelligens discerning < pres. part. of intelligere to
understand, comprehend < inter- between + legere to choose, pick out (later to
read) < PIE *leg to pick together, gather
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A) la pl., sg. reea inteligent, g.-d. sg. reelei
inteligente, g.-d. pl. reelelor inteligente
CONTEXTS:
1. Enel este implicat i n numeroase proiecte pentru reele inteligente ale Uniunii Europene, cum
este proiectul de cercetare ADDRESS, coordonat de Enel Distribuzione. (source: http://www.greenreport.ro/enel-extinde-reteaua-iluminatului-economic/, retrieved: 29.12.2014, 19:33)
2. Braovul este primul ora din ar care folosete reele electrice "inteligente". Asta nseamn c,
graie unui sistem inteligent de energie, clienii pot s msoare i s controleze consumul de energie
electric al dispozitivelor folosite. (source: http://www.ziare.com/mediu/energie-electrica/contoareinteligente-in-80-la-suta-din-gospodariile-ue-1160828, retrieved: 29.12.2014, 19:36)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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alternative fuels
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 3:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/internal_energy_market/en0031_en.htm (retrieved:
29.12.2014, 19:44)
STANDARD DEFINITION: all non-traditional combustible (burnable) fuel sources
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.energyvortex.com/energydictionary/alternative_fuels.html
(retrieved: 29.12.2014, 19:45)
NOTA BENE:
alternative < Medieval Latin alternativus < Latin alternatus < past. part. of alternare to do first
one thing then the other < alternus one after the other < alter the other < PIE
*al- beyond + comparative suffix -ter
fuel < Old French foaile bundle of firewood < Latin focalis pertaining to a hearth < focus
hearth < unknown origin
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: countable NP (A N)
ANTONYMS: fossil fuels
CONTEXTS:
1. Alternative fuels are urgently needed to break the over-dependence of European transport on oil.
Transport in Europe is 94 % dependent on oil, 84 % of it being imported, with a bill up to EUR 1
billion per day, and increasing costs to the environment. (source:
http://ec.europa.eu/transport/themes/urban/cpt/index_en.htm, retrieved: 29.12.2014, 20:00)
2. Vigorous action of the Union as a first-mover on innovative alternative fuel solutions (for
instance on batteries and powertrains) will also create new market opportunities for European
industry and bolster Europe's competitiveness on the emerging global market. (source: http://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52013PC0017, retrieved: 29.12.2014,
20:06)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: combustibili alternativi
DEFINITION: orice substan sau surs de energie n afara combustibililor convenionali (benzina
sau motorina)
DEFINITION SOURCE:
www.iuses.eu/materiali/ro/MANUAL_PENTRU_ELEVI/Mobilitate_transport_sustenabil.pdf
(retrieved: 29.12.2014, 20:26)
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NOTA BENE:
combustibil < French combustible
alternativ < French alternatif < Latin alternatus < past. part. of alternare to do first one thing then
the other < alternus one after the other < alter the other < PIE *al- beyond +
comparative suffix -ter
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A) la pl., masc., sg. combustibil alternativ, g.-d. pl.
combustibililor alternativi
SYNONYMS: combustibili neconvenionali
ANTONYMS: combustibili fosili
CONTEXTS:
1. Combustibilii alternativi provin din diverse ramuri industriale sau din agricultura i pot fi
valorificai prin coincinerare n cuptoarele de clincher pentru ciment n condiii de siguran,
procesul fiind atent controlat i verificat pe tot parcursul desfurrii lui. (source:
http://www.lafarge.ro/wps/portal/ro/2_2_2_2-Combustibili_alternativi, retrieved: 29.12.2014,
20:31)
2. De asemenea, prezenta decizie stabilete cerine minime privind crearea infrastructurii pentru
combustibili alternativi, inclusiv punctele de rencrcare destinate vehiculelor electrice i punctele
de realimentare cu gaz natural (GNL i GNC) i hidrogen, care urmeaz s fie puse n aplicare prin
intermediul cadrelor naionale de politic ale statelor membre, precum i specificaii tehnice
comune pentru astfel de puncte de rencrcare i de realimentare, precum i cerine privind
informarea utilizatorilor. (source: http://www.juridice.ro/343781/directiva-201494ue-privindinstalarea-infrastructurii-pentru-combustibili-alternativi.html, retrieved: 29.12.2014, 20:39)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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energy demand
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 3:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/energy_efficiency/l27061_en.htm (retrieved:
30.12.2014, 13:47)
STANDARD DEFINITION: the requirement for energy as an input to provide products and/or
services
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm?id=E#energy_demand
(retrieved: 30.12.2014, 13:48)
NOTA BENE:
energy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
demand < Old French demander to request; to demand < Latin demandare to entrust, charge
with a commission (Vulgar Latin to ask, request, demand < de- completely +
mandare to order (lit. to give into one's hand) < manus hand + dre to give
manus < PIE *man- hand
dre < PIE *do- to give
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (N N)
CONTEXTS:
1. Rising energy demand from economic output and improved standards of living will likely put
added pressure on energy supplies. For example, in China alone, demand is expected to increase by
75 percent by 2035. (source: http://www.chevron.com/globalissues/energysupplydemand/,
retrieved: 30.12.2014, 13:50)
2. Global energy demand will dramatically increase over the next 20 years, but turmoil in many key
producing regions and the difficulties in formulating the right energy policies mean the world may
not be able to respond with adequate supply and meet its climate change goals, the International
Energy Agency said Wednesday. (source: http://www.wsj.com/articles/global-energy-demand-mayoutpace-supply-in-future-iea-says-1415750651, retrieved: 30.12.2014, 13:51)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: cerere de energie
DEFINITION: cantitatea de energie pe care cumprtorii sunt capabili i dispui s o achiziioneze
la un moment dat sau ntr-o anumit perioad, la diferite niveluri ale preului
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.stiucum.com/economie/microeconomie-simacroeconomie/Cererea-si-oferta-echilibrul-m63116.php (retrieved: 30.12.2014, 13:53)
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NOTA BENE:
cerere < Latin quaerere
energie < French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active <
in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N P N), fem., defectiv de plural, g.-d. sg. cererii de energie
CONTEXTS:
1. Statele din OCDE (Organizatia pentru Cooperare si Dezvoltare Economica) s-au confruntat cu
cea mai mare cerere de energie inregistrata din 1984 pana in prezent. In 2010, aceasta a crescut cu
3,5%. Consumul in tarile non-OCDE a crescut cu 7,5%. (source:
http://www.manager.ro/articole/analize/analiza-zece-realitati-esentiale-despre-consumul-global-deenergie-11974.html, retrieved: 30.12.2014, 13:57)
2. Agenia Internaional pentru Energie (IEA) preconizeaz c cererea de energie va crete cu 55%
n perioada 2005/2030. Cererea de energie este n cretere n special n economiile care
nregistreaz creteri puternice, precum China i India. (source:
http://www.yara.ro/sustainability/shaping_issues/energy_supply/index.aspx, retrieved: 30.12.2014,
14:00)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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Intelligent Energy Europe programme

ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 3:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/energy_efficiency/l27061_en.htm (retrieved:
30.12.2014, 14:16)
STANDARD DEFINITION: programme for supporting and funding concrete projects, initiatives
and best practices to save energy and encourage the use of renewable energy sources in Europe
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://wbc-inco.net/glossary/72 (retrieved: 30.12.2014, 14:18)
NOTA BENE:
intelligent < Latin intelligens discerning < pres. part. of intelligere to understand, comprehend
< inter- between + legere to choose, pick out (later to read) < PIE *leg to pick
together, gather
energy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
Europe < Latin Europa < Greek < unclear origin, may be related to Phoenician princess
programme < Late Latin programma proclamation, edict
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (A N N N)
CONTEXTS:
1. Intelligent Energy Europe creates better conditions for a more sustainable energy future in areas
as varied as renewable energy, energy-efficient buildings, industry, consumer products and
transport. (source: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent/about/iee-programme/index_en.htm,
retrieved: 30.12.2014, 14:25)
2. From 2014 IEE has been integrated in Horizon 2020, the biggest EU Research and Innovation
programme ever, with nearly 80 billion of funding available over 7 years (2014 to 2020). (source:
http://www.smergy.eu/about-us/intelligent-energy-europe/, retrieved: 30.12.2014, 14:23)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: programul Energie inteligent Europa
DEFINITION: program ce are ca obiective ncurajarea eficienei energetice, utilizarea raional a
resurselor de energie, precum i promovarea surselor noi de energie regenerabil
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.fonduri-structurale.ro/detaliu.aspx?
eID=6702&t=altefinantari (retrieved: 30.12.2014, 14:29)
NOTA BENE:
program < French programme < Late Latin programma proclamation, edict
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energie < French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active <
in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
inteligent < French intelligent < Latin intelligens discerning < pres. part. of intelligere to
understand, comprehend < inter- between + legere to choose, pick out (later to
read) < PIE *leg to pick together, gather
Europa < Latin Europa < < unclear origin, may be related to Phoenician princess
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A N N), masc., defectiv de plural, g.-d. sg. programului
Energie inteligent Europa
CONTEXTS:
1. Programul "Energie inteligent - Europa II 2011" contribuie la Strategia UE n domeniul energiei
2020, i faciliteaz punerea n aplicare a planului de aciune al UE pentru eficiena energetic i a
Directivei privind promovarea utilizrii energiei din surse regenerabile. (source:
http://www.edtarnave.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=381:programulenergie-inteligent-europa-ii-2011&catid=52:proiecte&Itemid=69, retrieved: 30.12.2014, 14:36)
2. n 2005, Romnia a reconfirmat, la solicitarea Comisiei Europene, interesul de a participa la
programul Energie Inteligent Europa, motiv pentru care cei interesai au transmis propuneri de
proiecte. (source: http://www.crisana.ro/stiri/economie-16/energie-inteligenta-europa-2003-2006program-comunitar-de-sprijinire-a-actiunilor-in-domeniul-energiei-29964.html, retrieved:
30.12.2014, 14:39)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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demand-side management
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 2:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/renewable_energy/l24452_en.htm (retrieved: )
STANDARD DEFINITION: implementation of policies or measures which serve to control or
influence the energy demand
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://glossary.eea.europa.eu/terminology/concept_html?term=demandside%20management (retrieved: 30.12.2014, 17:00)
NOTA BENE:
demand < Old French demander to request; to demand < Latin demandare to entrust, charge
with a commission (Vulgar Latin to ask, request, demand < de- completely +
mandare to order (lit. to give into one's hand) < manus hand + dre to give
manus < PIE *man- hand
dre < PIE *do- to give
side < OE side < Proto-Germanic *sithon
management < manage + -ment ; manage < Italian maneggiare to handle < Latin manus < PIE
*man- hand
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (N N N)
SYNONYMS: energy demand management
CONTEXTS:
1. Demand-side management (DSM), which includes energy efficiency and demand response (DR),
works from the other side of the equation instead of adding more generation to the system, it pays
energy users to reduce consumption. (source: http://www.enernoc.com/our-resources/termpages/what-is-demand-side-management, retrieved: 30.12.2014, 17:02)
2. Demand-side management is one way to achieve large-scale energy efficiency improvements
through targeted policies, managing electricity demand and market transformation. (source:
http://www.iea.org/techinitiatives/end-use-electricity/demand-sidemanagement/, retrieved:
30.12.2014, 17:03)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: gestionarea cererii (de energie)
DEFINITION: abordare global sau integrat, cu scopul de a influena volumul i momentul
consumului de energie electric

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DEFINITION SOURCE: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/RO/TXT/HTML/?

uri=CELEX:32003L0054&qid=1419951059519 (retrieved: 30.12.2014, 17:04)
NOTA BENE:
gestionare < gestiona < gestiune < French gestion < Latin gesti
cerere < Latin quaerere
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N NGen), fem., defectiv de plural, g.-d. sg. gestionrii
cererii
CONTEXTS:
1. Gestionarea cererii de energie este un instrument important care d Comunitii posibilitatea de a
influena piaa global a energiei i, n consecin, sigurana aprovizionrii cu energie pe termen
mediu i lung. (source: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/RO/TXT/HTML/?
uri=CELEX:32002L0091&qid=1419952202993, retrieved: 30.12.2014, 17:11)
2. Sistemele legate la un BMS reprezint, de obicei, 40% din consumul de energie al unei cldiri;
dac este inclus iluminatul, acest numr se apropie de 70%. Sistemele BMS sunt o component
esenial pentru gestionarea cererii de energie. (source: http://www.renexpobucharest.com/energy_efficiency_conference.html?&L=1, retrieved: 30.12.2014, 17:13)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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Action Plan on Energy Efficiency

ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 5:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/energy_efficiency/l27064_en.htm (retrieved:
31.12.2014, 16:36)
STANDARD DEFINITION: Action Plan aimed at achieving a 20% reduction in energy
consumption by 2020
DEFINITION SOURCE:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/energy_efficiency/l27064_en.htm (retrieved:
31.12.2014, 16:37)
NOTA BENE:
action < ME action cause for a lawsuit < Anglo-French accioun < Old French accion action,
lawsuit < Latin acti a putting in motion; a performing, doing < noun use of past. part.
of agere to do; set in motion < PIE *ag- to drive, draw out or forth, move
plan < French plan ground plan, map < Latin planum level or flat surface
energy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
efficiency < Latin efficientia < efficins < pres. part. of efficere to produce < ex- + facere to do,
make < PIE *dhe- to do, put
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (N N P N N)
CONTEXTS:
1. The EC plans to cut energy consumption by 20% by 2020. In its Action Plan on Energy
Efficiency, it has recommended policies and measures to be taken over the next six years that will
enable the target to be met. (source: http://www.beluga.is/default.asp?Page=345, retrieved:
31.12.2014, 16:40)
2. The Action Plan on Energy Efficiency, when fully implemented, can thus improve the Union's
competitiveness, improve the living standards of its citizens, boost employment and increase
exports of new, energy-efficient technology. (source:
http://www.energyvortex.com/pages/headlinedetails.cfm?id=2489&archive=1, retrieved:
31.12.2014, 16:41)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: Planul de aciune pentru eficiena energetic
DEFINITION: plan de aciune al crui scop l constituie reducerea consumului de energie cu 20 %
pn n 2020
DEFINITION SOURCE:
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http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/energy_efficiency/l27064_ro.htm (retrieved:
31.12.2014, 16:42)
NOTA BENE:
plan < plan < French plan ground plan, map < Latin planum level or flat surface
aciune < French action < Latin acti a putting in motion; a performing, doing < noun use of past.
part. of agere to do; set in motion < PIE *ag- to drive, draw out or forth, move
eficien < French efficience < Latin efficientia < efficins < pres. part. of efficere to produce <
ex- + facere to do, make < PIE *dhe- to do, put
energetic < French nergtique < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active
< in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N P N P N A), masc., defectiv de plural, g.-d. sg. Planului
de aciune pentru eficiena energetic
CONTEXTS:
1. Directiva european nr. 31/2010 privind performana energetic a cldirilor, Planul de aciune
pentru eficiena energetic, stabilesc niveluri ridicate de performan energetic n special n cazul
cldirilor publice i msuri ferme de reducere a consumurilor specifice de energie care s conduc
pn n 2020 la atingerea intei de reducere cu 20% a consumului final de energie. (source:
http://mycovenant.eumayors.eu/docs/seap/4718_1371802665.pdf, retrieved: 31.12.2014, 16:47)
2. n anul 2006 Comisia a lansat Planul de aciune pentru eficien energetic: realizarea
potenialului. Scopul acestui plan de aciune a fost de a mobiliza publicul larg , factorii de decizie
politic i actorii de pe pia i de a transforma piaa intern a energiei ntr-un mod care s ofere
cetenilor UE sisteme de energie care s fie cele mai eficiente din punct de vedere energetic din lume.
(source:
http://www.sighisoara.org.ro/portal/stiri.nsf/All/D4B607A5F9636C14C2257B980023785F/
$FILE/FINAL%20PAEE.pdf., retrieved: 31.12.2014, 16:51)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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energy performance of buildings

ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 5:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/energy_efficiency/l27064_en.htm (retrieved:
31.12.2014, 16:58)
STANDARD DEFINITION: the amount of energy actually consumed or estimated to meet the
different needs associated with a standardised use of buildings
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://glossary.eea.europa.eu/terminology/concept_html?term=energy
%20performance%20of%20a%20building (retrieved: 31.12.2014, 16:58)
NOTA BENE:
energy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
performance < perform + -ance ; perform < Anglo-French perfomer < Old French parfornir to do,
carry out, finish, accomplish
building < build < OE byldan to construct a house < verb form of bold house < Proto-Germanic
*buthlam < PIE *bhu- to dwell < *bheue- to be, exist, grow
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (N N P N)
CONTEXTS:
1. In order to ensure user-friendliness, a continuous but modular overall structure is needed,
covering all standards related to the energy performance of buildings, providing the overall
framework which will enable a step-by-step implementation by the EU Member States. (source:
https://www.cen.eu/work/areas/construction/buildingsenergyperf/Pages/default.aspx, retrieved:
31.12.2014, 17:01)
2. The calculations of the overall energy performance of buildings, according to the EPBD has to
consider an integrated approach, that takes into account the calculation rules given in a suite of
CEN standards for all building related energy losses and energy gains. (source:
http://www.eurima.org/reports/u-values-for-better-energy-performance-of-buildings/2-introduction,
retrieved: 31.12.2014, 17:05)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: performana energetic a cldirilor
DEFINITION: energia efectiv consumat sau estimat pentru a rspunde necesitilor legate de
utilizarea normal a cldirilor
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.legex.ro/Legea-372-2005-54618.aspx (retrieved:
31.12.2014, 17:08)

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NOTA BENE:
performan < French performance
energetic < French nergtique < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active
< in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
cldire < cldi < Slavonic kladon
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A Artgen NGen), fem., defectiv de plural, g.-d. sg.
performanei energetice a cldirilor
CONTEXTS:
1. Performana energetic a cldirii se determin conform unei metodologii de calcul i se exprim
prin unul sau mai muli indicatori numerici care se calculeaz lundu-se n considerare izolaia
termic, caracteristicile tehnice ale cladirii i instalaiilor, proiectarea i amplasarea cldirii n raport
cu factorii climatici exteriori, expunerea la soare i influena cldirilor nvecinate, sursele proprii de
producere a energiei i ali factori, inclusiv climatul interior al cldirii, care influeneaz necesarul
de energie. (source: http://www.legex.ro/Legea-372-2005-54618.aspx, retrieved: 31.12.2014, 17:12)
2. ncepnd cu 1 Martie 2010, a intrat n vigoare Legea 372/2005 privind performana energetic a
cldirilor prin care se instituie obligativitatea obinerii unui Certificat de Performan Energetic
pentru toate tipurile de cldiri consumatoare de energie care vor fi vndute sau nchiriate i care are
ca scop promovarea creterii performanei energetice a cldirilor, inndu-se cont de condiiile
climatice exterioare i de amplasament, de cerinele de temperatur interioar i de eficien
economic. (source: http://www.icpe.ro/ro/d/9/p/lmb-acr, retrieved: 31.12.2014, 17:15)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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cogeneration
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 5:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/energy_efficiency/l27064_en.htm (retrieved:
31.12.2014, 19:35)
STANDARD DEFINITION: the consecutive generation of useful thermal and electric energy
from the same fuel source
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://glossary.eea.europa.eu/terminology/concept_html?
term=cogeneration (retrieved: 31.12.2014, 19:36)
NOTA BENE:
cogeneration < co- together with + generation < Latin generati < generre to bring forth <
PIE *gene- to produce, give birth, beget
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable N
SYNONYMS: combined heat and power (generation), CHP
CONTEXTS:
1. The central and most fundamental principle of cogeneration is that, in order to maximise the
many benefits that arise from it, systems should be based on the heat demand of the application
(source: http://www.cogeneurope.eu/what-is-cogeneration_19.html, retrieved: 31.12.2014, 19:39)
2. A special utilization field for combined heat and power generation is the deployment in
greenhouses. [...] In addition to the actual cogeneration, the CO2 from the exhaust gas can be used
as a fertiliser for the plants. A special exhaust treatment unit purifies the exhaust gas in such a way
that usable carbon dioxide enters the greenhouses. (source: http://www.mwm.net/mwm-chp-gasengines-gensets-cogeneration/mwm-competencies/cogeneration-trigeneration-plants/, retrieved:
31.12.2014, 19:46)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: cogenerare
DEFINITION: producerea combinat a energiei electrice i termice
DEFINITION SOURCE:
http://www.transelectrica.ro/documents/10179/25940/glosar.pdf/32f5d19c-4253-4817-89303ff5f98e9b0c (retrieved: 31.12.2014, 19:52)
NOTA BENE:
cogenerare < co- together with + generare < Latin generati < generre to bring forth < PIE
*gene- to produce, give birth, beget

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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: N, fem., defectiv de plural, g.-d. sg. cogenerrii

CONTEXTS:
1. Instalaiile de cogenerare se dimensioneaz n corelaie cu necesarul de energie termic, energia
electric fiind un produs secundar. (source: http://www.ratcj.ro/cogenerare.html, retrieved:
31.12.2014, 19:54)
2. Procesul de cogenerare este special conceput pentru a recupera energia termica indusa de
motoarele prin combustie, producand atat energie electrica cat si energie termica, astfel, potentialul
centralei de cogenerare fiind exploatat aproape la maxim, uneori chiar mai mult de 95%. (source:
http://www.agatos.ro/info/ro/15/Cogenerare.html, retrieved: 31.12.2014, 19:58)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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Covenant of Mayors
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 3:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/internal_energy_market/en0031_en.htm (retrieved:
02.01.2015, 20:21)
STANDARD DEFINITION: the mainstream European movement involving local and regional
authorities in the fight against climate change
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.eumayors.eu/+-Covenant-of-Mayors-+.html (retrieved:
02.01.2015, 20:23)
NOTA BENE:
covenant < Old French covenant agreement < pres. part. of convenir to agree, meet < Latin
convenre < com- together + venre to come < PIE gwa- to go, come
mayor < Old French maire < Latin maior < magnum
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (N P N)
CONTEXTS:
1. We believe that the Covenant of Mayors should be opened up to other key areas of the European
Commissions Resource-efficient Europe Flagship initiative, such as biodiversity and land use,
waste and water management or air pollution. (source:
http://cor.europa.eu/en/activities/networks/Pages/covenant-of-mayors.aspx, retrieved: 02.01.2015,
20:30)
2. To support our members and the Covenant initiative, EUROCITIES has become a Supporting
Structure to the Covenant of Mayors facilitating exchange of experience and best practices among
Europes largest cities. (source: https://eurocities.wordpress.com/covenant-of-mayors/, retrieved:
02.01.2015, 20:36)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: Convenia primarilor
DEFINITION: principala micare european n care sunt implicate autoritile locale i regionale
ce se angajeaz n mod voluntar pentru creterea eficienei energetice i utilizarea surselor de
energie regenerabil n teritoriile lor
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.conventiaprimarilor.eu/about/covenant-of-mayors_ro.html
(retrieved: 02.01.2015, 20:45)
NOTA BENE:
convenie < French convention < Latin conventi < convenre < com- together + venre to come
< PIE gwa- to go, come

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primar < Latin primarus, via French primaire, maire

GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N NGen), fem., defectiv de plural, g.-d. sg. Conveniei
primarilor
CONTEXTS:
1. Convenia Primarilor reprezint un angajament voluntar asumat de municipalitile semnatare,
prin care se oblig s reduc emisiile de CO2 cu cel puin 20% pn n anul 2020 prin
implementarea unui Plan de Aciune pentru Energie Durabil (PAED) n domeniile care intr n
competenele municipalitii. (source: http://servicii.baiamare.ro/ConventiaPrimarilor2011/,
retrieved: 02.01.2015, 20:57)
2. Universitatea Vasile Alecsandri a rezumat n faa asistenei rezultatele obinute n cadrul
proiectului Towards 100 % RES rural communities, cel mai important fiind Planul de Aciune
pentru Energie Durabil, dezvoltat pentru un grup de 12 comuniti rurale din judetul Bcau,
comuniti ce au aderat la Convenia Primarilor n cadrul acestui proiect. (source:
http://www.desteptarea.ro/conventia-primarilor-si-sursele-regenerabile-de-energie/, retrieved:
02.01.2015, 20:58)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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energy yield
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 5:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/energy_efficiency/l27064_en.htm (retrieved:
02.01.2015, 21:13)
STANDARD DEFINITION: the ratio of energy produced by a piece of apparatus over its entire
operational lifetime to the amount of energy both used to construct the entity and any other energy
inputs over its entire lifetime
DEFINITION SOURCE:
http://www.azimuthproject.org/azimuth/show/Energy+return+on+energy+invested (retrieved:
02.01.2015, 21:29)
NOTA BENE:
energy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
yield < Old English gield payment, sum of money; service, offering, worship
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: countable NP (N N)
CONTEXTS:
1. At Duke Energys nine U.S. wind farms, the focus is simple: leave no stone unturned in the quest
to maximize each turbines energy yield. (source:
http://www.windsystemsmag.com/article/detail/180/maximizing-wind-energy-yield-, retrieved:
02.01.2015, 21:35)
2. The team tackled dozens of similar seemingly minor issues, resulting in higher energy yields that
translate into increased revenue for each wind farm and the company. (source:
http://www.windsystemsmag.com/article/detail/180/maximizing-wind-energy-yield-, retrieved:
02.01.2015, 21:40)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: randament energetic
DEFINITION: eficiena unui dispozitiv raportat la consumul de energie
DEFINITION SOURCE: own proposed definition
NOTA BENE:
randament < French rendement
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A), masc., pl. randamente energetice, g.-d. sg.
randamentului energetic, g.-d. pl. randamentelor energetice
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energetic < French nergtique < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active
< in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
CONTEXTS:
1. Pentru cldirile prevzute la art. 3 se elibereaz certificatul energetic prin care se atest
performana energetic a acestora (izolarea termica, randamentul energetic al echipamentelor etc).
(source: http://www.legex.ro/Ordonanta-29-2000-20499.aspx, retrieved: 02.01.2015, 23:15)
2. Programul PowerUp, o solutie GE Predictivity, permite operatorilor de ferme eoliene sa i
creasc producia energetic anual (PEA) cu pn la 5%, n funcie de condiiile de mediu. O
cretere cu 5% a randamentului energetic nseamn o cretere cu pn la 20% a profitului per
turbin. (source: http://energy-center.ro/uncategorized/un-software-ge-va-creste-productivitateafermelor-eoliene-enertrag-si-monsson/, retrieved: 02.01.2014, 23:20)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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passive house
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 5:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/energy_efficiency/l27064_en.htm (retrieved:
03.01.2015, 10:59)
STANDARD DEFINITION: an extremely energy-efficient building with year-round comfortable
interior conditions
DEFINITION SOURCE: https://sites.google.com/site/lowenergyhome/Introduction/passivehouse-definition (retrieved: 03.01.2015, 11:00)
NOTA BENE:
passive house < loan translation from German Passivhaus
passive < Old French passif suffering, undergoing hardship < Latin passivus
capable of feeling or suffering
house < OE hs < Proto-Germanic husan < unknown origin
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: countable NP (A N)
CONTEXTS:
1. Passive Houses allow for heating and cooling related energy savings of up to 90% compared with
typical building stock and over 75% compared with average new builds. (source:
http://passipedia.passiv.de/ppediaen/basics/what_is_a_passive_house, retrieved: 03.01.2015, 11:01)
2. Ms. Klingenberg, an architect trained in Germany, estimated that in Europe the additional cost for
a passive house, versus a more conventional home, is now below 5 percent. (source:
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/26/business/energy-environment/26smart.html, retrieved:
03.01.2015, 11:03)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: cas pasiv
DEFINITION: cldire cu un nivel ridicat de confort, aport continuu de aer proaspt i cu un
consum foarte redus de energie pentru nclzire
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.sdac.ro/site/archives/446 (retrieved: 03.01.2015, 11:07)
NOTA BENE:
cas pasiv < loan translation from German Passivhaus
cas < Latin casa
pasiv < French passif < Latin passivus capable of feeling or suffering

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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A), fem., pl. case pasive, g.-d. sg. casei pasive, g.-d. pl.
caselor pasive
CONTEXTS:
1. Din cellalt tip de cofraje, ce au un strat mai gros de polistiren la exterior, poate fi construit o
cas pasiv, ce permite economii de 80%. (source: http://www.imobiliare.ro/vanzare-case/ti-aidori-o-casa-pasiva-iata-o-varianta-ce-promite-economii-de-60-80-la-costurile-pentru-incalzirea-siracirea-locuintei-2_db/, retrieved: 03.01.2015, 11:12)
2. Buna termoizolare a caselor pasive reduce pierderile de cldur, mrind confortul pentru
ocupanii si, astfel c n timpul iernii vom avea temperaturi mai ridicate n interior, iar vara va fi
mai rcoros. (source: http://www.sdac.ro/site/archives/446, retrieved: 03.01.2015, )
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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distribution grid operator

ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 2:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/renewable_energy/l24452_en.htm (retrieved:
03.01.2015, 13:03)
STANDARD DEFINITION: entity operating medium- and low-voltage grids and co-ordinating its
grids with other electricity grids within a designated area (region)
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directive 2009/72/EC (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0072, retrieved: 03.01.2015, 13:05)
NOTA BENE:
distribution < Old French distribution < Latin distributi a division, distribution < past. part. of
distribuere to deal out in portions < dis- individually + tribuere to assign, allot
< tribus one of the three political/ethnic divisions of the original Roman state <
unknown origin
grid < shortening of gridiron cooking utensil < ME griderne < alteration (by association with
iron) of gridire < variant of Old French gridil < Latin crticula grill < diminutive of crtis
wickerwork < PIE *kert- to turn, entwine
operator < Late Latin operator < Latin operr to work, labor; Late Latin: to have effect < opera
work, effort < opus work, labor, exertion < PIE *op- to work, produce in
abundance
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: countable NP (N N N)
SYNONYMS: distribution system operator
CONTEXTS:
1. In this regard, the transmission grid operators as well as the regional distribution grid operators
are obliged to develop the grid in order to offer sufficient grid capacities and to meet the demand
(art. 8 of the federal electricity market law; art. 11 of the regional electricity market decree for
Wallonia; art.II.1.1.2 of the Flemish grid code). (source:
http://www.eclareon.eu/sites/default/files/belgium_-_res_integration_national_study_nreap.pdf,
retrieved: 03.01.2015, 13:14)
2. In Wallonia, ORES is the main electricity and gas distribution grid operator, owned by eight subregional distributors, i.e. Ideg, IEH, Interost, Interlux, Intermosane, Sedilec and Simogel. (source:
http://www.eclareon.eu/sites/default/files/belgium_-_res_integration_national_study_nreap.pdf,
retrieved: 03.01.2015, 13:16)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: operator de distribuie
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DEFINITION: entitate operaional care deine, exploateaz, ntreine, modernizeaz i dezvolt

reeaua electric/termic de distribuie
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.legex.ro/Hotararea-1069-2007-82870.aspx (retrieved:
03.01.2015, 13:17)
NOTA BENE:
operator < opera < French oprer < Latin opera work, effort < opus work, labor, exertion <
PIE *op- to work, produce in abundance
distribuie < French distribution < Latin distributi a division, distribution < past. part. of
distribuere to deal out in portions < dis- individually + tribuere to assign, allot <
tribus one of the three political/ethnic divisions of the original Roman state < unknown
origin
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N P N), masc., pl. operatori de distribuie, g.-d. sg.
operatorului ~, g.-d. pl. operatorilor ~
CONTEXTS:
1. (2) n scopul ndeplinirii atribuiilor prevzute la alin. (1), operatorul de distribuie poate
ntrerupe funcionarea instalaiilor pentru timpul strict necesar lucrrilor de ntreinere i reparaii
planificate, cu anunarea prealabil a utilizatorilor reelei electrice de distribuie. (source:
http://legeaz.net/legea-13-2007-energiei-electrice/art-42-operatorul-de-distributie-energia-electrica,
retrieved: 03.01.2015, 13:21)
2. Nu sunt incluse n BAR contribuiile financiare primite de operatorii de distribuie sub forma
veniturilor ncasate din aplicarea tarifelor de racordare, fondurilor primite de la organisme interne i
internaionale sau alte contribuii bneti primite de la tere pri. (source:
http://www.legalis.ro/2013/01/04/ordin-nr-512012-pentru-aprobarea-tarifelor-specifice-pentruserviciul-de-distributie-a-energiei-electrice-prestat-de-operatorii-principali-de-distributie-a-energieielectrice/, retrieved: 03.01.2015, 13:26)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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transport grid operator

ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 2:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/renewable_energy/l24452_en.htm (retrieved:
03.01.2015, 13:29)
STANDARD DEFINITION: natural or legal person responsible for operating, ensuring the
maintenance of and, if necessary, developing the transmission system in a given area
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directive 2003/54/EC (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32003L0054, retrieved: 03.01.2015, 13:31)
NOTA BENE:
transport < Old French transporter carry or convey across
grid < shortening of gridiron cooking utensil < ME griderne < alteration (by association with
iron) of gridire < variant of Old French gridil < Latin crticula grill < diminutive of crtis
wickerwork < PIE *kert- to turn, entwine
operator < Late Latin operator < Latin operr to work, labor; Late Latin: to have effect < opera
work, effort < opus work, labor, exertion < PIE *op- to work, produce in
abundance
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: countable NP (N N N)
SYNONYMS: transmission system operator
CONTEXTS:
1. Elia, in its capacity of officially designated transport grid operator in Belgium intends to
conclude with one or several companies an agreement for the supply of interruptibility service in
order to restore when needed the balance between supply and demand on the net under its control.
(source: http://ted.europa.eu/udl?uri=TED:NOTICE:180150-2012:TEXT:EN:HTML, retrieved:
03.01.2015, 13:34)
2. It is common practice to use on-load tap changers to adjust the reactive power output of a
generating unit when it is synchronized to the grid. The output of reactive power is often requested
by the transport grid operator, and may be specified e.g. in a grid code, or on day-to-day basis.
(source: http://www.google.com/patents/EP2482416A1?cl=en, retrieved: 03.01.2015, 13:39)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: operator de transport
DEFINITION: entitatea operaional care deine, exploateaz, ntreine, modernizeaz i dezvolt
reeaua de transport a energiei electrice

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DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.legex.ro/Hotararea-1069-2007-82870.aspx (retrieved:

03.01.2015, 13:40)
NOTA BENE:
operator < opera < French oprer < Latin opera work, effort < opus work, labor, exertion <
PIE *op- to work, produce in abundance
transport < French transport < transporter carry or convey across
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N P N), masc., pl. operatori de transport, g.-d. sg.
operatorului ~, g.-d. pl. operatorilor ~
CONTEXTS:
1. Comitetul de Reglementare al Autoritii Naionale de Reglementare n Energie (ANRE) a decis
certificarea preliminar a Transelectrica n calitate de operator de transport i sistem al Sistemului
Energetic Naional, potrivit unui comunicat al companiei, transmis luni Bursei de Valori Bucureti.
(source: http://www.capital.ro/185575.html, retrieved: 03.01.2015, 13:46)
2. Societile comerciale din sectorul energetic i operatorii de transport Transelectrica" i
Transgaz" vor fi ncurajai s-i dezvolte activiti n strintate, n special n ceea ce privete:
obinerea de concesiuni i exploatri de resurse energetice primare n ri cu rezerve importante;
realizarea sau achiziia de capaciti de producere a energiei electrice n rile din regiune;
participarea la proiecte internaionale privind realizarea de capaciti de transport gaze naturale sau
petrol. (source: Hotrrea 1069/2007, http://www.legex.ro/Hotararea-1069-2007-82870.aspx,
retrieved: 03.01.2015, 13:47)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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photovoltaic solar energy

ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 2:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/renewable_energy/l24452_en.htm (retrieved:
04.01.2015, 01:11)
STANDARD DEFINITION: energy produced from sunlight without moving parts, with the help
of photovoltaic cells
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://theconversation.com/explainer-what-is-photovoltaic-solar-energy12924 (retrieved: 04.01.2015, 01:14)
NOTA BENE:
photovoltaic < photo- light + voltaic < Italian physicist Alexandro Volta
solar < Latin solaris pertaining to the sun
energy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (A A N)
CONTEXTS:
1. Curtain walls offer architects a multitude of possibilities for the integration of photovoltaic solar
energy into buildings in an efficient and ecological manner. (source:
http://www.onyxsolar.com/photovoltaic-curtain-wall.html, retrieved: 04.01.2015, 01.18)
2. The mission of the IEA PVPS program is: To enhance the international collaborative efforts
which facilitate the role of photovoltaic solar energy as a cornerstone in the transition to sustainable
energy systems by: ensuring sustainable PV deployment, improving PV performance and reliability,
and assisting in designing new market structures and regulations which will be suitable for the
widespread adoption of unsubsidised PV. (source: http://www.iea-pvps.org/index.php?
id=1&eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=1690, retrieved: 04.01.2015, 01:24)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: energie solar fotovoltaic
DEFINITION: energie produs prin celule fotovoltaice solare, care convertesc lumina soarelui
direct n energie electric
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.scribd.com/doc/243545438/Energie-SolaraFotovoltaica#scribd (retrieved: 04.01.2015, 01:25)
NOTA BENE:
energie < French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active <
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in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make

solar < French solaire < Latin solaris pertaining to the sun
fotovoltaic < foto- light + voltaic < Italian physicist Alexandro Volta
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A A), fem., pl. energii solare fotovoltaice, g.-d. sg.
energiei solare fotovoltaice, g.-d. pl. energiilor solare fotovoltaice
CONTEXTS:
1. Astfel, anul trecut Romnia a instalat pentru prima oar n istorie mai mult de 1 GW de energie
solar fotovoltaic, plasndu-se n galeria juctorilor mari la nivel mondial, cum ar fi Italia, India,
Marea Britanie sau Grecia. (source: http://www.naturenergy.ro/ce-urmeaza-pe-piata-energiei-solaredin-romania-160293.htm, retrieved: 04.01.2015, 01:29)
2. Energia solar fotovoltaic se bazeaz pe producerea direct de electricitate prin intermediul
celulelor din siliciu. Atunci cnd Soarele strlucete i condiiile climatice sunt favorabile, soarele
furnizeaz o putere de 1kW/m2. (source: http://eco-france.weebly.com/energie-solar259.html,
retrieved: 04.01.2015, 01:34)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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solar thermal energy

ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 2:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/renewable_energy/l24452_en.htm (retrieved:
04.01.2015, 01:50)
STANDARD DEFINITION: the use of solar energy to produce heat
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://www.solar-is-future.com/solar-energy-source/how-solar-thermalenergy-works/heat-from-light/ (retrieved: 04.01.2015, 01:53)
NOTA BENE:
solar < Latin solaris pertaining to the sun
thermal < French thermal < Greek heat < PIE *gwher to heat, warm
energy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (A A N)
SYNONYMS: solar thermal power
CONTEXTS:
1. At the present stage of technology development the major applications for utilising solar thermal
energy are for heating swimming pools, heating water for domestic use, and heating of buildings.
(source: http://www.solarschools.net/resources/stuff/solar_thermal.aspx, retrieved: 04.01.2015,
01:57)
2. Gigawatts of solar thermal energy have been installed around the world, and large-scale CST
projects of up to 500 MW are being planned and constructed in countries such as Spain, Germany
and the United States. (source: http://www.cleanenergycouncil.org.au/technologies/concentratedsolar-thermal.html, retrieved: 04.01.2015, 02:00)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: energie solar termic
DEFINITION: tehnologie cu ajutorul creia energia solar este utilizat pentru nclzirea termic
DEFINITION SOURCE: http://sibiustory.wordpress.com/2012/07/09/ce-este-energia-solaratermica-si-cum-se-poate-obtine/ (retrieved: 04.01.2015, 02:05)
NOTA BENE:
energie < French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active <
in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
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solar < French solaire < Latin solaris pertaining to the sun
termic < French thermique < < Greek heat < PIE *gwher to heat, warm
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A A), fem., pl. energii solare termice, g.-d. sg. energiei
solare termice, g.-d. pl. energiilor solare termice
CONTEXTS:
1. Energia solar termic se bazeaz pe producerea de ap cald utilizat n cldiri, sau n scopul de
a permite acionarea turbinelor ca i n cazul centralelor termice clasice, pentru producia de
electricitate. (source: http://eco-france.weebly.com/energie-solar259.html, retrieved: 04.01.2015,
02:07)
2. Energia solar termic este diferit i mai eficient dect cea produs de binecunoscutul panou
fotovoltaic care transform energia solar direct n electricitate. (source:
http://sibiustory.wordpress.com/2012/07/09/ce-este-energia-solara-termica-si-cum-se-poate-obtine/,
retrieved: 04.01.2015, 02:09)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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Nearly Zero-Energy Building

ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/buildings/buildings_en.htm (retrieved: 04.01.2015,
12:03)
STANDARD DEFINITION: a building that has a very high energy performance
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directive 2010/31/EU (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?
qid=1420365942615&uri=CELEX:32010L0031, retrieved: 04.01.2015, 12:09)
NOTA BENE:
nearly < OE near closer, nearer < comparative of neah
zero < Italian zero < Medieval Latin zephirum < Arabic sifir cipher
energy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
building < build < OE byldan to construct a house < verb form of bold house < Proto-Germanic
*buthlam < PIE *bhu- to dwell < *bheue- to be, exist, grow
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: countable NP (Adv A N)
CONTEXTS:
1. For new buildings, as of January, 1st 2019 every new public building will have to comply with the
nearly zero energy building requirements. (source: http://www.nzebopendoorsdays.eu/nearly-zeroenergy-buildings, retrieved: 04.01.2015, 12:13)
2. It is quite unquestionable that any nearly zero energy building will include some sort of heat
pump solution that will be utilized for heating or cooling of the building. (source:
http://www.ehpa.org/about/news/article/outlining-the-role-of-heat-pumps-in-energy-and-costefficient-nearly-zero-energy-building-solutions/, retrieved: 04.01.2015, 12:15)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: cldire cu consum de energie aproape egal cu zero
DEFINITION: cldire cu o performan energetic foarte ridicat
DEFINITION SOURCE: Legea 372/2005, republicat (http://www.legex.ro/Legea-372-2005128248.aspx, retrieved: 04.01.2015, 12:39)
NOTA BENE:
cldire < cldi < Slavonic kladon
consum < consuma < French consumer < Latin cnsmere < con- with + smere to take < sub
under + emere (pres. act. em) to buy (originally to take) < PIE *em- to take,
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distribute
energie < French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active <
in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
zero < Italian zero < Medieval Latin zephirum < Arabic sifir cipher
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N P N P N Adv A P Nr), fem., pl. cldiri ~, g.-d. sg.
cldirii ~, g.-d. pl. cldirilor ~
CONTEXTS:
1. Ct privete cldirile noi, acestea trebuie s respecte un standard foarte ridicat, acela de cldire cu
consum de energie aproape egal cu zero. i aceast obligaie va fi valabil pentru cldirile noi
publice din 1 ianuarie 2019, iar pentru cele private din 1 ianuarie 2021. (source:
http://www.constructbursa.ro/s=print&sr=articol&id_articol=13690.html, retrieved: 04.01.2015,
12:49)
2. Dezvoltarea tehnologic, n ceea ce privete renovarea cldirilor, care poate oferi mijloacele
pentru atingerea unei reduceri substaniale a consumului de energie i atingerea nivelului de cldiri
cu consum de energie aproape egal cu zero din sursele clasice, n decurs de aproximativ 15 ani.
(source: http://www.cenoltenia.ro/eficienta-energetica-la-start-plan-national-de-actiuni-adaptat-lanoua-lege/, retrieved: 04.01.2015, 12:53)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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Renewable Energy Road Map

ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 1:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/european_energy_policy/l27062_en.htm (retrieved:
06.01.2015, 22:24)
STANDARD DEFINITION: document assessing the share of renewable energy in the energy mix
and the progess made in this area
DEFINITION SOURCE:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/renewable_energy/l27065_en.htm (retrieved:
06.01.2015, 22:26)
NOTA BENE:
renewable < renew < re- again + ME newen to resume, to revive, to renew < new < ProtoGermanic *niwjaz < PIE *newoenergy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
road < OE rad riding expedition < Proto-Germanic *raido- < PIE *reidh to ride
map < shortening from mapemounde map of the world < Medieval Latin mappa mundi < mappa
napkin, cloth + mundi of the world
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (N N N N)
CONTEXTS:
1. The Commission will put forward a Renewable Energy Road Map to create a stable environment
in which to develop renewable energies. This Road Map must review the EU's general and specific
objectives for 2020 and draw up a list of measures to promote the development of clean and
renewable energy sources. (source:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/european_energy_policy/l27062_en.htm, retrieved:
06.01.2015, 22:31)
2. In January 2007, the Renewable Energy Road Map was published, outlining a long-term strategy.
It called for a mandatory target of a 20% share of renewable energies in the EU's energy mix by
2020. (source: http://www.rehva.eu/eu-regulations/renewable-energy-sources-directive-res/,
retrieved: 06.01.2015, 22:35)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: Foaia de parcurs pentru energia regenerabil
DEFINITION: document ce evalueaz ponderea energiei regenerabile n mixul energetic i
progresele nregistrate n acest domeniu
DEFINITION SOURCE:
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http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/renewable_energy/l27065_ro.htm (retrieved:
06.01.2015, 22:39)
NOTA BENE:
foaie < Latin folla
parcurs < parcurge < calque from French parcourir
eficien < French efficience < Latin efficientia < efficins < pres. part. of efficere to produce <
ex- + facere to do, make < PIE *dhe- to do, put
energetic < French nergtique < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active
< in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N P N P N A), fem., defectiv de plural, g.-d. sg. Foii de
parcurs pentru energia regenerabil
CONTEXTS:
1. Consiliul Uniunii Europene a stabilit un obiectiv obligatoriu la nivelul UE privind atingerea, pn
n 2020, a unei ponderi a energiei din surse regenerabile n consumul final brut de energie de 20%,
pe baza Foii de parcurs pentru energia regenerabil elaborat de Comisie, document care prezint o
cale posibil de integrare a energiilor regenerabile n politicile i pieele energiei din UE. (source:
http://ec.europa.eu/romania/news/08072014_imbunatatiri_ale_cheltuielilor_din_domeniul_energiei
_regenerabile_ro.htm, retrieved: 06.01.2015, 23:40)
2. Pe agenda sptmnii, se mai afl i un schimb de opinii cu privire la Foaia de parcurs pentru
energia regenerabil n vederea unei posibile adoptri. n cadrul politicii energetice, UE trebuie s
stabileasc un cadru funcional al sectorului de energie regenerabil n vederea asiguraii unui viitor
durabil. (source: http://www.ioanenciu.ro/agenda/254-agenda-saptamana-1-5-octombrie, retrieved:
06.01.2015, 23:28)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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vertically integrated undertaking

ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 2:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/renewable_energy/l24452_en.htm (retrieved:
07.01.2015,)
STANDARD DEFINITION: an electricity undertaking which performs at least one of the
functions of transmission or distribution, and at least one of the functions of generation or supply of
electricity
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directive 2009/72/EC (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0072, retrieved: 07.01.2015, 16:17)
NOTA BENE:
vertically < Middle French vertical < Late Latin verticalis overhead < vertex highest point
integrated < integrate < Latin integratus < past. part. of integrre to make whole < integer
whole < in- not + root of tangere to touch < PIE *tag- to touch
undertaking < under + take (v.) < similar to French entreprendre to undertake
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: countable NP (Adv A N)
ANTONYMS: horizontally integrated undertaking
CONTEXTS:
1. Member States shall ensure that neither commercially sensitive information referred to in
Article16 held by a transmission system operator which was part of a vertically integrated
undertaking, nor the staff of such a transmission system operator, is transferred to undertakings
performing any of the functions of generation and supply. (source: Directive 2009/72/EC,
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0072, retrieved:
07.01.2015, 16:27)
2. A transmission system owner, where an independent system operator has been appointed, which
is part of a vertically integrated undertaking shall be independent at least in terms of its legal form,
organisation and decision making from other activities not relating to transmission. (source:
Directive 2009/72/EC, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/RO/TXT/HTML/?
uri=CELEX:32009L0072, retrieved: 07.01.2015, 16:28)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: ntreprindere integrat vertical
DEFINITION: o ntreprindere din domeniul energiei electrice care desfoar cel puin una din
activitile de transport sau de distribuie i cel puin una din activitile de producere sau de
furnizare de energie electric
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DEFINITION SOURCE: Directiva 2009/72/CE (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0072, retrieved: 07.01.2015, 16:25)

NOTA BENE:
ntreprindere < ntreprinde < ntre- + prinde < on the model of French entreprendre
integrat < French intgrer < Latin integrre to make whole < integer whole < in- not + root
of tangere to touch < PIE *tag- to touch
vertical < French vertical < Late Latin verticalis overhead < vertex highest point
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A Adv), fem., pl. ntreprinderi integrate vertical , g.-d.
sg. ntreprinderii integrate vertical, g.-d. pl. ntreprinderii integrate vertical
ANTONYMS: ntreprindere integrat orizontal
CONTEXTS:
1. n cazul n care operatorul de distribuie face parte dintr-o ntreprindere integrat vertical, statele
membre se asigur c activitile respectivului operator sunt monitorizate de autoritile de
reglementare sau alte organe competente, astfel nct acesta s nu poat profita de pe urma integrrii
sale vertical pentru a denatura concurena. (source: Directiva 2009/72/CE, http://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0072, retrieved: 07.01.2015,
16:30)
2. n cazul n care, la 3 septembrie 2009, ntreprinderea proprietar a unui sistem de transport face
parte dintr-o ntreprindere integrat vertical, statele membre ar trebui s aib, prin urmare,
posibilitatea de a opta ntre separarea proprietii i nfiinarea de operatori de sistem sau de
operatori de transport independeni de interesele legate de furnizare i de producere. (source:
Directiva 2009/72/CE, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/RO/TXT/HTML/?
uri=CELEX:32009L0072, retrieved: 07.01.2015, 16:31)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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support scheme
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 2:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/renewable_energy/l24452_en.htm (retrieved:
08.01.2015, 10:38)
STANDARD DEFINITION: any instrument, scheme or mechanism applied by a Member State or
a group of Member States, that promotes the use of energy from renewable sources
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directive 2009/28/EC (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0028, retrieved: 08.01.2015, 10:41)
NOTA BENE:
support < Old French suporter to bear, endure, sustain, support
scheme < Mediaval Latin schema shape, figure, form
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: countable NP (N N)
CONTEXTS:
1. Without prejudice to the obligations of Member States under Article 3, two or more Member
States may decide, on a voluntary basis, to join or partly coordinate their national support schemes.
(source: Directive 2009/28/EC, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?
uri=CELEX:32009L0028, retrieved: 08.01.2015, 10:43)
2. Member States shall clearly define any technical specifications which must be met by renewable
energy equipment and systems in order to benefit from support schemes. (source: Directive
2009/28/EC, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0028,
retrieved: 08.01.2015, 10:44)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: schem de sprijin
DEFINITION: orice instrument, schem sau mecanism aplicat de un stat membru sau de un grup
de state membre, care promoveaz utilizarea energiei din surse regenerabile
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directiva 2009/28/CE (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0028, retrieved: 08.01.2015, 10:44)
NOTA BENE:
schem < French schme < Latin schema shape, figure, form
sprijin < uncertain origin

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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N P N), fem., pl. scheme de sprijin, g.-d. sg. schemei ~, g.d. pl. schemelor ~
CONTEXTS:
1. Statele membre dein poteniale diferite de energie regenerabil i gestioneaz diferite scheme de
sprijin la nivel naional pentru energia din surse regenerabile. (source: Directiva 2009/28/CE,
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0028, retrieved:
08.01.2015, 10:47)
2. Pe lng mecanismele care au efect asupra calculrii obiectivelor i respectrii acestora,
prevzute exclusiv n prezenta directiv, cum ar fi transferurile statistice dintre statele membre,
proiectele comune i schemele de sprijin comune, cooperarea poate de asemenea mbrca, de
exemplu, forma schimbului de informaii i de bune practici, dup cum se prevede n special n
platforma n materie de transparen instituit prin prezenta directiv i a altor moduri de
coordonare voluntar ntre toate tipurile de scheme de sprijin. (source: Directiva 2009/28/CE,
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0028, retrieved:
08.01.2015, 10:49)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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smart metering system

ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Source text 4:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/energy_efficiency/en0021_en.htm (retrieved:
08.01.2015, 10:51)
STANDARD DEFINITION: an electronic system that can measure energy consumption,
providing more information than a conventional meter, and can transmit and receive data using a
form of electronic communication
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directive 2012/27/EU (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32012L0027, retrieved: 08.01.2015, 10:57)
NOTA BENE:
smart < OE smeart painful, severe, stinging
metering < meter (v.) < French -mtre < Latin metrum measure
system < Late Latin systema an arrangement, system
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: countable NP (A N N)
SYNONYMS: intelligent metering system
CONTEXTS:
1. Estimates vary, but the cost of a smart metering system averages between 200 and 250 per
customer, while delivering benefits per metering point of 160 for gas and 309 for electricity along
with, on average, 3% energy savings. (source:
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/gas_electricity/smartgrids/smartgrids_en.htm, retrieved: 08.01.2015,
11:00)
2. Moreover, the deployment of smart grids and smart metering systems should allow suppliers and
network operators to evolve from a broad view of energy behaviour to detailed information on the
energy behaviour of individual end-consumers. (source: Recommandation 2012/148/EU,
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32012H0148, retrieved:
08.01.2015, 11:04)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: sistem de contorizare inteligent
DEFINITION: sistem electronic care poate msura consumul de energie oferind mai multe
informaii dect un contor tradiional i care poate transmite i primi date utiliznd o anumit form
de comunicaii electronice
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directiva 2012/27/UE (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalback to top

content/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32012L0027, retrieved: 08.01.2015, 11:05)

NOTA BENE:
sistem < French systme < Late Latin systema an arrangement, system
contorizare < contoriza < contor < German Kontor
inteligent < French intelligent < Latin intelligens discerning < pres. part. of intelligere to
understand, comprehend < inter- between + legere to choose, pick out (later to
read) < PIE *leg to pick together, gather
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N P N A), masc., pl. sisteme de contorizare inteligent, g.d. sg. sistemului ~, g.-d. pl. sistemelor ~
CONTEXTS:
1. Prelucrarea datelor cu caracter personal de ctre sau n cadrul unui sistem de contorizare
inteligent ar trebui s fie legitim n conformitate cu unul sau mai multe dintre motivele enumerate
la articolul 7 din Directiva 95/46/CE. (source: Recomandarea 2012/148/UE, http://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32012H0148, retrieved: 08.01.2015,
11:09)
2. De asemenea, se recomand ca sistemul de contorizare inteligent s fie prevzut cu capacitatea
de a stoca datele privind consumul nregistrat de clieni pentru o perioad de timp rezonabil, pentru
a-i permite clientului i oricrui ter desemnat de consumator s consulte i s extrag datele privind
consumul anterior. (source: Recomandarea 2012/148/UE, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32012H0148, retrieved: 08.01.2015, 11:10)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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interconnected system
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Directive 2003/54/EC (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?
uri=CELEX:32003L0054, retrieved: 08.01.2015, 19:36)
STANDARD DEFINITION: a number of transmission and distribution systems linked together by
means of one or more interconnectors
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directive 2003/54/EC (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32003L0054, retrieved: 08.01.2015, 20:02)
NOTA BENE:
interconnected < interconnect < inter- + connect < Latin cnectere < com- together + nectere to
bind, tie < PIE *ned- to bind, tie
system < Late Latin systema an arrangement, system
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: countable NP (A N)
CONTEXTS:
1. The Inter-Transmission System Operator Compensation (ITC) mechanism shall provide for
compensation for the costs of hosting cross-border flows of electricity including providing crossborder access to the interconnected system. (source: Regulation 2010/774/EU, http://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32010R0774, retrieved: 08.01.2015,
20:14)
2. This methodology is based on the difference between the full production costs on the noninterconnected islands (variable and fixed) and the full market price suppliers are facing in the
interconnected system (system marginal costs plus all other mechanisms in the Greek
interconnected system). (source: Decision 2014/536/EU, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014D0536, retrieved: 08.01.2015, 20:21)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: reea interconectat
DEFINITION: reea constituit din mai multe reele de transport i de distribuie legate ntre ele
prin intermediul uneia sau mai multor interconexiuni
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directiva 2003/54/CE (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32003L0054, retrieved: 08.01.2015, 20:23)
NOTA BENE:
reea < Latin *retella
interconectat < interconecta < inter- + conecta < Latin cnectere < com- together + nectere to
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bind, tie < PIE *ned- to bind, tie

GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A), fem., pl. reele interconectate, g.-d. sg. reelei
interconectate, g.-d. pl. reelelor interconectate
CONTEXTS:
1. Fiecare operator de reele e transport are obligaia s gestioneze fluxurile energetice din reea,
innd seama de schimburile cu alte reele interconectate. (source: Directiva 2003/54/CE
(http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32003L0054, retrieved:
08.01.2015, 20:25)
2. Fiecare operator de reele e transport are obligaia s furnizeze operatorului oricrei alte reele
interconectate cu reeaua sa informaii suficiente pentru a asigura sigurana i eficiena exploatrii,
dezvoltarea coordonat i interoperabilitatea reelei interconectate. (source: Directiva 2003/54/CE
(http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32003L0054, retrieved:
08.01.2015, 20:27)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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energy audit
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Directive 2012/27/EU (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?
uri=CELEX:32012L0027, retrieved 09.01.2015, 19:32)
STANDARD DEFINITION: a systematic procedure with the purpose of obtaining adequate
knowledge of the existing energy consumption profile of a building or group of buildings, an
industrial or commercial operation or installation or a private or public service, identifying and
quantifying cost-effective energy savings opportunities, and reporting the findings
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directive 2012/27/EU (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32012L0027, retrieved 09.01.2015, 19:34)
NOTA BENE:
energy < Middle French nergie < Late Latin energia < Greek activity <
active < in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
audit < Latin auditus a hearing < past. prat. of audre to hear < PIE *au-dh- to percieve
physically, grasp < *au- to percieve
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: countable NP (N N)
CONTEXTS:
1. To tap the energy savings potential in certain market segments where energy audits are generally
not offered commercially (such as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)), Member States
should develop programmes to encourage SMEs to undergo energy audits. (source: Directive
2012/27/EU, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32012L0027,
retrieved 09.01.2015, 19:35)
2. Where energy audits are carried out by in-house experts, the necessary independence would
require these experts not to be directly engaged in the activity audited. (source: Directive
2012/27/EU, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32012L0027,
retrieved 09.01.2015, 19:36)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: audit energetic
DEFINITION: o procedur sistematic al crei scop este obinerea unor cunotine
corespunztoare despre profilul consumului energetic existent al unei cldiri sau al unui grup de
cldiri, al unei operaiuni sau instalaii industriale sau comerciale sau al unui serviciu privat sau
public, identificarea i cuantificarea oportunitilor rentabile de economisire a energiei i raportarea
rezultatelor
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directiva 2012/27/UE (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalback to top

content/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32012L0027, retrieved 09.01.2015, 19:37)

NOTA BENE:
audit < French audit < Latin auditus a hearing < past. prat. of audre to hear < PIE *au-dh- to
percieve physically, grasp < *au- to percieve
energetic < French nergtique < Late Latin energia < Greek activity < active
< in + work < PIE *wergon work < *werg- to do, make
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A), masc., pl. audituri energetice, g.-d. sg. auditului
energetic, g.-d. pl. auditurilor energetice
CONTEXTS:
1. Statele membre dezvolt programe pentru a ncuraja IMM-urile s se supun auditurilor
energetice, precum i punerea ulterioar n aplicare a recomandrilor acestor audituri. (source:
Directiva 2012/27/UE, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/RO/TXT/HTML/?
uri=CELEX:32012L0027, retrieved 09.01.2015, 19:39)
2. Statele membre pot solicita ca auditul energetic s includ o evaluare a fezabilitii tehnice i
economice a racordrii la o reea de termoficare sau de rcire centralizat existent sau preconizat.
(source: Directiva 2012/27/UE, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/RO/TXT/HTML/?
uri=CELEX:32012L0027, retrieved 09.01.2015, 19:39)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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district heating
ID LANGUAGE: EN
ID COUNTRY: EU
SOURCE: Directive 2009/28/EC (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?
uri=CELEX:32009L0028, retrieved: 09.01.2015, 23:05)
STANDARD DEFINITION: the distribution of thermal energy in the form of steam, hot water or
chilled liquids, from a central source of production through a network to multiple buildings
DEFINITION SOURCE: Directive 2009/28/EC (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0028, retrieved: 09.01.2015, 23:06)
NOTA BENE:
district < French district < Medieval Latin districtus restraining of offenders, jurisdiction < past.
part. of Latin distringere to hinder, detain < dis- apart + stringere to draw tight, press
together < PIE *streig- to stroke, rub, press
heating < OE htu heat, warmth; fervor, ardor < Proto-Germanic *haita- heat < PIE *kaid- <
*kai- heat
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: uncountable NP (N N)
SYNONYMS: centralised heating
CONTEXTS:
1. Member States shall recommend to all actors, in particular local and regional administrative
bodies to ensure equipment and systems are installed for the use of electricity, heating and cooling
from renewable energy sources and for district heating and cooling when planning, designing,
building and renovating industrial or residential areas. (source: Directive 2009/28/EC, http://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0028, retrieved: 09.01.2015,
23:07)
2. By 31December 2014, Member States shall, in their building regulations and codes or by other
means with equivalent effect, where appropriate, require the use of minimum levels of energy from
renewable sources in new buildings and in existing buildings that are subject to major renovation.
Member States shall permit those minimum levels to be fulfilled, inter alia, through district heating
and cooling produced using a significant proportion of renewable energy sources. (source:
Directive 2009/28/EC, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?
uri=CELEX:32009L0028, retrieved: 09.01.2015, 23:07)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official
RO EQUIVALENT: nclzire centralizat
DEFINITION: distribuia de energie termic sub form de abur, ap fierbinte sau lichide rcite, de
la o surs central de producie, printr-o reea, ctre mai multe cldiri
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DEFINITION SOURCE: Directiva 2009/28/CE (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0028, retrieved: 09.01.2015, 23:09)

NOTA BENE:
nclzire < nclzi < n- + cald + -i ; cald < Latin caldus
centralizat < centraliza < central + -iza
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY: GN (N A), fem., defectiv de plural, g.-d. sg. nclzirii
centralizate
CONTEXTS:
1. n planurile lor naionale de aciune n domeniul energiei regenerabile statele membre evalueaz
necesitatea construirii la nivel judeean de noi infrastructuri de nclzire i de rcire centralizat,
produse din surse regenerabile de energie, n vederea realizrii obiectivelor naionale pentru 2020
menionate la articolul 3 alineatul (1). n funcie de aceast evaluare, statele membre adopt, dup
caz, msuri n vederea dezvoltrii unei infrastructuri de nclzire centralizat, care s fie adaptat la
nclzirea i rcirea produse de instalaii mari ce funcioneaz pe baz de biomas, energie solar i
geotermal. (source: Directiva 2009/28/CE, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0028, retrieved: 09.01.2015, 23:11)
2. n primul su raport, statul membru declar dac intenioneaz: s indice zonele geografice
adecvate pentru exploatarea energiei din surse regenerabile n cadrul amenajrii teritoriale i n
vederea instituirii nclzirii i rcirii centralizate. (source: Directiva 2009/28/CE, http://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/RO/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0028, retrieved: 09.01.2015,
23:12)
DESIGNATION STATUS: official

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