Short Note
A single digital linear filter for computations in electrical methods
A unifying approach
U. C. Das*
U( x ) = o u tp u t function,
IN T R O D U C T IO N
f [ X , kernel ( K j J / J J X r ) dX
and
J n ( eX y) = filter function.
(1)
U N IFIC A T IO N S
and
(2)
X = e~>\
(4)
[ e * - V .( e * - 0 ] dy,
U(r).
(3)
f { X , kernel
(/.r) dr.
(5)
where
M anuscript received by the E ditor August 29, 1982; revised m anuscript received Novem ber 25, 1983.
Form erly N ational Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, India; presently Dept, of Applied Geophysics, University of Lulea, S-951
87 Lulea, Sweden.
1984 Society of Exploration Geophysicists. All rights reserved.
1115
1116
Das
Potential
f { X , kernel (X)}
U(r)rJQ(Xr) dX.
(6)
- r
f { X , kernel (X)} =
U(r)r J ^Xr) dr ,
(7)
U(r) =
r dX
f { X , kernel (X)}
U ^ X r ) dX.
(8)
V(r)
T ( X ) J 0 {Xr) dX,
V(r)
(9)
V(r)
f { X , kernel (/.)}.
v
(10)
1 + T tan h (W _ 1)/p _ 1
( 12)
w here
f ' { X , kernel (/.)} =
(H)
2 " Jo
~z~
271
X J 0 (Xr) dX
(13)
mAi
'
V(r) =
2Tt Jo
V(r)
i d
[r(X)~j~
r dX \
X J_
X J ^ X r ) dX,
27T Jo
(14)
(15)
w here
A PPLIC A TIO N S
T (X) =
T(X)
1 dT(Xj
X1 ~ X
(16)
dX
dT
dT.'
[1 - r _ t ta n h ( H , _ , ) / P n - , ] - ^ + [p _ , - T T _ J p _ l 2dn_ 1 s e c h J
(17)
1 + T ta n h (Xdn_ l ) / p _ 1
dX
Table 1. Comparison of computations of V(r) in J0 and J, domains over a three-layer earth having parameters: p, = 1 11-m, p2 = 0.1 12-m, p, = 1
il-m, and A, = 1 m, h2 = 4 m.
Differences
V(r)
V(r)
V(r)
by J 0 filter
e q . (11)
M ooney a n d W etzel
(1956)
by J , filter
eq. (18)
(4 3)columns
(4 2)colum ns
0.50
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
12.00
16.00
24.00
32.00
48.00
64.00
96.00
0.2332
0.0830
0.0245
0.0138
0.0108
0.0086
0.0075
0.0062
0.0053
0.0042
0.0035
0.0026
0.0021
0.0015
0.2333
0.0829
0.0245
0.0138
0.0107
0.0086
0.0074
0.0062
0.0053
0.0042
0.0035
0.0026
0.0021
0.0015
0.2321
0.0824
0.0242
0.0136
0.0106
0.0085
0.0075
0.0061
0.0053
0.0042
0.0035
0.0026
0.0021
0.0015
0.0012
-0 .0 0 0 5
-0 .0 0 0 3
-0 .0 0 0 2
-0 .0 0 0 1
-0 .0 0 0 1
-0 .0 0 0 1
-0 .0 0 0 1
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
-0 .0 0 1 1
-0 .0 0 0 6
-0 .0 0 0 3
-0 .0 0 0 2
-0 .0 0 0 2
-0 .0 0 0 1
0.0000
-0 .0 0 0 1
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1117
Table 2. Comparison of computations of H z (r) in J0 and / , domains over a two-layer earth having parameters: p, 300 fl-m, p2 100 fl-m, and
A, = 10 m. The frequency used is 100 Hz.
m ( r ) x 109
by J o filter
H\ ( r ) x 109
by J i filter
Differences X 109
(Re)
(Im)
(Re)
(Im)
(Re)
(Im)
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
-0 .2 8 4 6
-0 .2 6 1 1
-0 .2 3 8 0
-0 .2 1 5 5
-0 .1 9 4 4
-0 .1 7 4 6
-0 .1 5 6 1
-0 .1 3 9 1
-0 .1 2 3 4
- 2 .6 6 6
- 1 .2 2 7
-0 .7 2 1 4
-0 .4 6 8 0
-0 .3 1 8 0
-0 .2 2 0 5
-0 .1 5 3 4
-0 .1 0 5 3
-0 .7 0 0 1
-0 .2 8 4 3
-0 .2 6 1 3
-0 .2 3 8 0
-0 .2 1 5 6
-0 .1 9 4 4
-0 .1 7 4 6
-0 .1 5 6 1
-0 .1 3 9 1
-0 .1 2 3 4
- 2 .6 6 6
- 1 .2 2 7
-0 .7 2 1 4
-0 .4 6 8 0
-0 .3 1 8 1
-0 .2 2 0 6
-0 .1 5 3 4
-0 .1 0 5 3
-0 .7 0 0 2
0.00029
-0 .0 0 0 1 1
-0 .0 0 0 0 5
-0 .0 0 0 0 4
0.00002
-0 .0 0 0 0 1
0.00000
0.00001
-0 .0 0 0 0 1
-0 .0 0 0 0 8
-0 .0 0 0 0 5
-0 .0 0 0 0 4
-0 .0 0 0 0 3
-0 .0 0 0 0 2
-0 .0 0 0 0 2
-0 .0 0 0 0 2
-0 .0 0 0 0 1
-0 .0 0 0 0 1
dy.
(18)
The co m p u tatio n s of V according to this eq u a tio n for a threelayer case and th a t using the J 0 filter (K oefoed et al., 1972, p.
415 an d p. 418) are com p ared in T able 1. A co m p ariso n is also
m ade w ith the p o ten tial values of M ooney an d W etzel (1956).
Field
N ext consider the expression for the scattered vertical m ag
netic field, H\ ( r) , on the surface o f a layered earth due to a
vertical m agnetic dipole lying o n the ground,
H sz (r) = C
PaD(r)
D as an d
G hosh, (1974)
Pao(r)
by J j
filter
Differences
1.00
1.50
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
0.9824
1.0018
1.0682
1.2664
1.4565
1.6070
1.7186
1.8521
1.9146
2.0422
2.3171
3.1517
4.0431
4.8901
5.6832
7.1162
8.3668
10.8554
12.6718
0.9826
1.0018
1.0675
1.2644
1.4538
1.6038
1.7150
1.8482
1.9106
2.0387
2.3143
3.1503
4.0427
4.8905
5.6841
7.1175
8.3681
10.8562
12.6719
0.0002
0.0000
-0 .0 0 0 7
-0 .0 0 2 0
-0 .0 0 2 7
-0 .0 0 3 2
-0 .0 0 3 6
-0 .0 0 3 9
-0 .0 0 4 0
-0 .0 0 3 5
-0 .0 0 2 8
-0 .0 0 1 4
-0 .0 0 0 4
0.0004
0.0009
0.0013
0.0013
0.0008
0.0001
(19)
R i _ , (X) =
u"y
- 2dtWi
R(X) + X
dX.
Pao(r) = (1 - b)r2
- br3
X T ( k ) J , ( k r ) dX
T(X) + bX
dT( X)
dX
X J t (Xr) dX.
1118
Das
her help in th e p re p ara tio n of th e m an u scrip t, a n d to I. L undm ark for typing the m anuscript.
C O N C L U SIO N
R EFEREN CES
Das, U. C., 1982, A note on designing digital linear filters for com
puting resistivity and electromagnetic sounding curves: Geophysics,
v. 47, p. 1456-1459.
Das, U. C., and G hosh, D. P., 1974, The determ ination of filter coef
ficients for the com putation of standard curves for dipole resistivity
sounding over layered earth by linear digital filtering; Geophys.
Prosp., v. 22, p. 765-780.
Davis, P. A., Greenhalgh, S. A., and Merrick, N. P., 1980, Resistivity
sounding com putations with any array using a single digital filter:
Bull. Austr. Soc. Expl. Geophys., v. 11, p. 54-62.
Ghosh, D. P., 1970, The application of linear filter theory to the direct
interpretation of geoelectrical resistivity m easurem ents: Ph.D. thesis,
Univ. of Delft, The N etherlands.
--------- 1971a, The application of linear filter theory to the direct
interpretation of geoelectrical resistivity sounding measurements:
Geophys. Prosp., v. 19, p. 192-217.
--------- 1971b, Inverse filter coefficients for the com putation of appar
ent resistivity standard curves for a horizontally stratified earth:
Geophys. Pros., v. 19, p. 769-775.
G uptasarm a, D., 1982, Optim ization of short digital linear filters for
increased accuracy: Geophys. Pros., v. 30, p. 501-514.
Koefoed, O., 1976, Progress in the direct interpretation of resistivity
soundings: Geophys. Pros., v. 24, p. 233-240.
Koefoed, O., G hosh, D. P., and Polm an, G. T., 1972, Com putation of
type curves for electromagnetic depth sounding with a horizontal
transm itting coil by means of a digital linear filter: Geophys. Prosp.,
v. 20, p. 406-420.
Mooney, H. M., and Wetzel, W. W., 1956, The potential about a point
electrode and apparent resistivity curves for a two-, three- and fourlayered e a rth : M inneapolis, The Univ. of M innesota Press.
W atson, G. N., 1966, A treatise on the theory of Bessel functions:
Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2nd edition reprinted.