Verbul in limba engleza

1 . Trecut ( Past tense )

A ) Trecutul simplu (Simple past tense )
Afirmativ :
S + verbul la forma a II a de pe lista verbelor iregulate
We went to the zoo yesterday. Am fost la zoo ieri.
S + verb + ed pentru cele regulate
I phoned her. I-am dat telefon.
Negativ :
S + aux DO la trecut (did) + not + verbul la infinitiv
We did not finish the project in due time. Noi nu am terminat proiectul la
timp.
Interogativ :
Did + S + verbul la infinitiv ?
Did you eat all the chocolate? Ai mancat toata ciocolata?
Trecutul simplu se foloseste pentru a exprima :
A. Actiuni terminate in trecut la un timp stabilit
o Cand locul si timpul unde se petrece actiunea ne sunt date
Marta called me in the morning from the hospital. Marta m-a sunat
dimineata de la spital.
o Cand se intreaba timpul
When did you go to the Opera? Cand ai fost la Opera?
o Cand timpul e definit ca rezultat al unei intrebari
When did they find her? They found her 2 hours ago. Cand au gasit-o? Ei
au gasit-o acum 2 ore.
o Cand timpul e definit ca rezultat al unei intrebari
When did they find her? They found her 2 hours ago. Cand au gasit-o? Ei
au gasit-o acum 2 ore.

Adverbe ce se folosesc cu Simple Past Tense : yesterday, the day before

yesterday, last week, two weeks ago

B) Trecutul continuu (Past continuous tense)

Afirmativ :
S + verbul To BE la past tense(I was
you were
he/she/it was
we were
you were
they were)

+ verbul de conjugat + ING

I was reading the lesson when the teacher came in. Citeam lectia cand a
intrat profesoara.
Negativ :
S + verbul To BE la past tense la forma negativa + verbul de conjugat +
ING
They werent looking for Susan; they were looking for her sister. Ei nu o
cautau pe Susan, ei o cautau pe sora ei.
Interogativ :
Verbul To BE la past tense + S + verbul de conjugat + ING
Was he driving too fast when he had the accident? Conducea el prea
repede cand a avut accidentul?

Trecutul simplu se foloseste pentru a exprima :

actiune care se afla in desfasurare la un moment dat in trecut.
While wou were having a bath, the phone rang. In timp ce faceai baie a
sunat telefonul.
actiune care continua de ceva vreme
Yesterday I was jogging in the park. Ieri, faceam jogging in park.
actiune care are loc in acelasi timp cu o alta actiune in trecut

While I was reviewing the article my husband was watching his favourite tv
show. In timp ce eu revizuiam articolul sotul meu urmarea show-ul tv favorit.
un echivalent in trecut al prezentului continuu
They told us they were spending the night at Select. Ei ne-au spus ca o
sa-si petreaca noaptea la Select.
Adverbe folosite cu Past Continuous Tense: while, when , all morning, all
night, as,all day

C ) Trecutul perfect ( Past perfect simple )

Afirmativ :
S + Past tense al verbului To HAVE ( I had
you had
he/she/it had
we had
you had
they had )

+ participiu trecut

Atentie: La verbele regulate participiul trecut = verb + ed iar la cele

neregulate este forma a 3a de pe lista verbelor iregulate.
At last she showed me the dress she had bought. Intr-un sfarsit, mi-a
aratat rochia pe care si-o cumparase.
Negativ :
S + Past tense al verbului To HAVE + Not + participiu trecut
They hadnt gone to Mt. Omu, they had gone to another peak. Ei nu au
mers pe varful Omu, au mers pe alt varf.
Interogativ :
Past tense al verbului To HAVE + S + participiu trecut
Hadnt he loved you? Nu te iubea?
Past Perfect Tense se foloseste pentru a exprima :
- O actiune care a avut loc inaintea altei actiuni in trecut.

By 12 o clock the cleaning lady had aired all the rooms in the hotel. Pana la
ora 12 camerista aerisise toate camerele din hotel.
- Cauza unui efect trecut
Why did the window break? Because he had thrown a stone at it. De ce s-a
spart geamul? Pentru ca el a aruncat o piatra in el .
Adverbe care se folosesc cu Past Perfect Tense: just,
already,when,before,after,by the time,until,by,till,as soon as.

D ) Trectul perfect continuu ( Past perfect

continuous )
Afirmativ :
S+ had been + participiu prezent

Participiu prezent = verb + ing

I have been thinking of writing you a mail when you called me. Eu ma
gandisem sa iti scriu un mail cand tu m-ai sunat.
Negativ :
S + had + Not + been + present participle
I hadnt been waiting long in a queue when I heard a voice calling my
name. Nu stateam de mult la rand, cand au auzit o voce strigandu-mi
numele.
Interogativ:
Had + S + been + present participle
They hadnt been doing their tasks so they didnt get a bonus. Ei nu si-au
indeplinit din taskuri deci nu au primit un bonus .
Past Perfect Continuous se foloseste pentru a exprima :
- O actiune in desfasurare la un moment dat in trecut, durata fiind precizata.
They had been working for over an hour until the bus came. Ei vorbisera
timp de o ora pana a venit autobuzul.

- Arata efectul unei actiuni intamplate in trecut.

Marc was tired because he had been working for a project all night long
Marc era obosit pentru ca a lucrat pentru un proiect toata noaptea .
Adverbe care se folosesc cu Past Perfect Continuous Tense: by the
time, since, for, before ,how long,until,

2 . Prezent (present tense )

Afirmativ :
Subiect + Verbul la infinitiv
Exceptie : La pers a III sg verbul se termina mereu in s sau es :
The boy wants a toy car for Christmas. Baiatul vrea o masina de jucarie
pentru Craciun.
Atentie: 1. Verbele care se termina in -y la pers a III sg, y se transforma in
-ies:
I cry She cries.
I play He plays.
2. Verbele care se termina in o, -ss, -x, -sh, -ch primesc la pers a
III sg - es
My mother usually goes to the market in the morning. Mama se duce
de obicei in piata dimineata.
Negativ :
Subiect+ do not/ does not + verb
She does not sing in the school chorus. Ea nu canta in corul scolii.
Interogativ :
do not/ does not + Subiect + verb
Does she want to participate in the competition? - Vrea ea sa participle in
competitie?

Present Simple Tense se foloseste pentru a exprima :

- Adevaruri general valabile :
The earth has 2 emispheres - Pamantul are 2 emisfere.
- Actiuni repetitive:
She takes piano lessons each day at 5 oclock. Ea ia lectii de pian in fiecare
zi la ora 5.
- Actiuni de moment, terminate in momentul in care sunt savarsite :
Mark gets out of bed, goes to the bathroom and washes his teeth. Mark se
da jos din pat, se duce la baie si se spala pe dinti.
- Actiuni obisnuite : My grandfather and Iusually look at the starts when the
sky is clear. Bunicul meu si cu mine, noi ne uitam de obicei la stele cand e
senin.
- Actiuni planificate in viitor, obligatorii (cu verbe de miscare) :
The year ends with the 31st of December. Anul se termina cu 31
decembrie.
Adverbe folosite cu Present Tense Simple : ever,never,always,
often,usually,rarely,sometimes,every day,every week..
B . Prezentul continuu ( Preset continuous tense )
Afirmativ :
Subiect + Prezentul verbului a fi + verb+ ing :
She is cutting the cake in slices. (Ea taie prajitura felii.)
Negativ :
Subiect + Prezentul verbului a fi + not + verb + ing :
She is not talking at the moment, she is eating. (In acest moment ea nu
vorbeste, mananca.)
Interogativ :
Prezentul verbului a fi + Subiect + verb + ing :
Is she smiling ? (Ea zambeste ?)
Prezentul continuu se foloseste pentru a exprima :
- actiune care se intampla in momentul vorbirii

Ex. The wind is blowing.- Vantul sufla.

It is raining outside. - Ploua afara.
- actiune care se extinde pe o perioada putin mai lunga de timp
Ex. Julia is reading a novel by Dickens. - Iulia citeste un roman de Dickens.

- actiune temporara, limitata

Ex. I live in Cluj but this year I am living in Bucuresti. Traiesc in Cluj dar in acest
an locuiesc in Bucuresti.
- planuri imediate pentru viitorul apropiat
Ex. The children are going camping today. Copiii merg cu cortul astazi.
- actiune frecvent repetata, suparatoare se foloseste deseori cu adverbele
always, forever, constantly
Ex. Ann is always making plans without taking into consideration all the
facts. Ann isi face mereu planuri fara sa ia in considerare toate aspectele.
- in propozitii subordonate
Ex They will go jogging while the babies are sleeping. Ei vor face jogging
cat timp copii dorm.
Exista o serie de verbe care nu se folosesc la Prezent Continuu. Ele se
impart in urmatoarele categorii :
Verbe de perceptie : feel, hear, see, smell, taste
Verbe de opinie : assume, believe, consider, doubt, feel (= a crede), find (= a
considera), suppose, think
Verbe care se refera la perceptie mentala: forget, imagine, know, mean,
notice, recognize, remember, understand
Verbe care exprima emotii sau chiar dorinte : envy, fear, dislike, hate, hope,
like, love, mind, prefer, regret, want, wish
Verbe folosite pentru masurat : contain, cost, hold, measure, weigh
Alte verbe : look (= a se asemana), seem, be (in majoritatea cazurilor), have =
a poseda)

Unele verbe pot fi folosite la forma continua dar isi schimba sensul :
Exemple:

Verbul to see (a imagina) :

I think you are seeing things, there is no one in the house. Cred ca iti
imaginezi lucruri, nu e nimeni in casa.
Verbul to smell (a adulmeca, a mirosi) :
She is smelling the roses.- Ea miroase trandafirii.
Verbul to look (a se uita) :
Tom is looking at Maria.
Verbul to be (a se comporta) :
She is being rude. Ea se comporta nepoliticos.
Expresii de timp folosite cu prezentul continuu : now, at the moment, at
present, these days, still, nowadays, today, tonight.

C . Prezentul perfect (Present perfect )

Afirmativ :
Subiectul + Auxiliarul HAVE la prezent + participiul al verbului de
conjugat
We are not going on holiday since the prices have rise. Noi nu mai
mergem in vacant deoarece preturile au crescut.
Negativ :
Subiectul + have/has not + past participle al verbului de conjugat
I havent seen her this morning, she is probably sleeping. Nu am

vazut-o de dimineata, probabil doarme.

Interogativ :
Auxiliarul HAVE la prezent + Subiectul + past participle al verbului
de conjugat
Havent you eaten too much chocolate already? Nu ai mancat deja
destula ciocolata?
Present Perfect Tense se foloseste pentru a exprima :
- o actiune care incepe in trecut, continua in trecut si se termina in
prezent sau foarte aproape de prezent.
Tell me, what have you done? Spune-mi, ce ai facut?
- o actiune care s-a terminat recent al carei rezultat este vizibil si in
prezent
We have just finished redecorating our house. Tocmai am terminat de
redecorat casa noastra.
Adverbe folosite cu Present Perfect Tense: since si for, already,
yet, just, ever, how long, recently,so far

D . Prezentul perfect continuu ( present

perfect continuous )
Afirmativ :
Subiectul + prezentul perfect al verbului to be (have/has
been)+ participul prezent al verbului de conjugat (baza +
ing)
They have been reading a lot of book lately. Ei au citit o

multime de carti in ultima vreme.

Negativ :
Subiectul + prezentul perfect al verbului to be (have/has
been)+ NOT + participul prezent al verbului de conjugat
They havent been watching TV this afternoon. Ei nu sau uitat la tv in acesta dupa-amiaza.
Interogativ :
Prezentul perfect al verbului to be + Subiectul +
participul prezent al verbului de conjugat
What have you been doing ? I have been working on a
new project. Ce ai mai facut? Am lucrat la un nou proiect.
Present Perfect Continuous se foloseste pentru a
exprima :
- o actiune care incepe in trecut, ajunge in prezent si are
sanse de a continua in viitor.
It has been snowing for 4 hours. Ninge de 4 ore.
- o actiune recenta ar carei rezultat poate fi vazut
Why is you hair wet? Because I have been swimming. De
ce ai parul ud? Pentru ca am inotat.
Adverbe folosite cu Present Perfect Continuous : for,
since,lately,how long

3 . Viitorul (future simple)

Afirmativ :
S + will + verbul la infinitiv
You will feel better if you take this pill. - Tu o sa te simti mult mai bine daca
iei acesta pastila.

Negativ :
S + will not (wont) + verbul la infinitiv
I wont tell where she is. Nu iti voi spune unde este ea.
Interogativ:
Will + S + verbul la infinitiv
Will you love me in 10 years? O sa ma iubesti si peste 10 ani?
Future simple se foloseste pentru a exprima :
- Promisiuni, amenintari, cereri, sperante
I will never tell you anything. Nu o sa iti mai spun niciodata nimic.
- Actiuni care vor avea loc in viitor si peste care nu putem avea control
Next year Easter will be on 15 of April.
- Decizii luate pe moment, spontane
I will buy this car, I love it. Voi cumpara acesta masina, imi place.
- Previziuni despre viitor
I believe she will be a great politician one day. Cred ca va fi un bun
politician intr-o zi.
Going To Future
Se foloseste pentru a exprima :
- Planuri, intentii pentru viitor
I am going to travel to Spain one day. Intentionez sa vizitez Spania intr-o zi.

- Predictii bazate pe ceea ce stim sau ce vedem

Look at the sky. It is going to rain soon. Uita-te la cer, va ploua in curand.
- Actiuni la care ne-am hotarat deja sa le facem in viitorul apropiat
We are going to visit our relatives in the weekend. Noi vom merge sa ne vizitam
rudele in acest weekend.
Adverbe folosite cu Simple Future Tense : tomorrow, the day after tomorrow,
soon, next week, in a week, month

B. Viitorul continuu (Future continuous )

Afirmativ :
S + Will be + verb + ing ( participiu)
The Health Organisation will be opening a new hospital in this city.
Organizatia de sanatate va deschide un nou spital in acest oras.
Negativ :
S + will not (wont) + verb + ing
The train wont be arriving any time soon; there was an accident on
the road. Trenul nu va ajunge prea curand, a avut loc un accident pe
drum.
Interogativ:
Will + S + be + verb + ing
Will you be shouting at me if I tell you the truth? Vei tipa daca iti
voi spune adevarul?
Future Continuous Tense se foloseste pentru a exprima :
- Actiuni care se vor desfasura intr-un anumit punct din viitor
By this time tomorrow I will be sailing on the Mediteranean Sea.
- Actiuni care vor avea loc in viitor ca urmare a unei actiuni de rutina
sau unui aranjament
Do not interrupt her now. She will be signing a contract. Nu o
intrerupe acum. E pe cale de a semna un contract.
Adverbe si locutiuni adverbiale folosite cu Future Continuous
Tense : tomorrow, by this time tomorrow.

C . Viitorul perfect ( future perfect )

Afirmativ :
S + will have + past participle al verbului de conjugat
past
participle = forma a III a verbului
Tomorrow at 9 they will have left for Sibiu. Maine la ora 9 ei vor fi
plecat spre Sibiu.
Negativ :
S + will not have + past participle al verbului de conjugat
When you phone Julie I will not have arrived at the station. Cand o
suni pe Julie eu nu voi fi ajuns in statie.
Future perfect se foloseste pentru a exprima :
- O actiune vazuta din viitor dar care se intampla in trecut
They will have had dinner by the time their friend arrives. Ei vor fi
luat cina pana vor ajunge prietenii lor.
Adverbe ce se folosesc cu Future Perfect Tense : by the time, after,
until, by

D . Viitor perfect continuu (future perfect continuous )

Afirmativ :
S + will have been + present participle al verbului de conjugat

( present

participle = verbul + ing)

While Michael will have been writing his exercices, Maria will have been
playing the violin. Cat timp Mihai isi va fi scris exercitiile, Maria va fi cantat la
vioara.
Negativ :
S + will not have been + present participle al verbului de conjugat
You will not have been working here by this summer. Tu nu vei fi lucrat
aici pana in aceasta vara.
Future Perfect Continuous se foloseste pentru a exprima :
- O actiune in desfasurare la un moment dat in viitor, durata actiunii find precizata.
Tomorrow at 7 I will have been sleeping for 10 hours. Maine la ora 7 voi fi dormit
de 10 ore.

Adverbe ce se folosesc cu Future Perfect Continuous Tense : byfor