01.

05 Activity Sheet
Directions: For each organism, list the number of amino acids that are different from
the human. To do this, go down each row and jot down a mark for every box that has a
difference from the first row (you will do this for all 30 columns). Then, tally your total #
of marks to get the total # of differences from humans. I have done some for you.
Amino
Acid
1 2
Position
Number
Human,
Chimpanz - ee
Rhesus
- Monkey
Horse
- Donkey - Common
- Zebra
Pig, Cow,
- Sheep
Dog
- Gray
- Whale
Rabbit
- Kangaroo - Chicken,
- Turkey
Penguin - Pekin
- Duck
Snapping
- Turtle
Rattlesnak
- e
Bullfrog - Tuna
- Screwfly
- Fly
Silkworm
- Moth
Tomato
Horn
- Worm
Wheat
A S
Rice
A S
Baker's
Yeast
- (fungus)

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

G D V

E K G K K I

M K C S Q C H T

V E K

G D V

E K G K K I

M K C S Q C H T

V E K

G D V
G D V

E K G K K I
E K G K K I

F
F

V Q K C A Q C H T
V Q K C A Q C H T

V E K
V E K

G D V

E K G K K I

V Q K C A Q C H T

V E K

G D V

E K G K K I

V Q K C A Q C H T

V E K

G D V

E K G K K I

V Q K C A Q C H T

V E K

G D V

E K G K K I

V Q K C A Q C H T

V E K

G D V
G D V

E K G K K I
E K G K K I

F
F

V Q K C A Q C H T
V Q K C A Q C H T

V E K
V E K

G D I

E K G K K I

V Q K C S Q C H T

V E K

G D I

E K G K K I

V Q K C S O C H T

V E K

G D V

E K G K K I

V Q K C S Q C H T

V E K

G D V

E K G K K I

V Q K C A Q C H T

V E K

G D V

E K G K K I

S M K C G T

C H T

V E E

G D V
G D V

E K G K K I
A K G K K T

F
F

V Q K C A Q C H T
V Q K C A Q C H T

C E K
V E N

G V P A G D V

E K G K K I

V Q R C A Q C H T

V E A

G V P A G N A

E N G K K I

V Q R C A Q C H T

V E A

G V P A G N A

D N G K K I

V Q R C A Q C H T

V E A

F S E A P P G N P
F S E A P P G N P

D A G A K I
K A G E K I

F
F

K T
K T

K C A Q C H T
K C A Q C H T

V D A
V D K

K K G A T

K T

R C E L

V E K

T E F K A G S A

C H T

Candida
Yeast
- (fungus)
Neurospor
- a (fungus)

P A P F E
-

0G S A

G F S A G D S

Name of Organism

K K G A T

K T

R C A E C H T

E A

K K G A N L

K T

R C A E C H G E G G

# of Differences from Humans

Rhesus Monkey

0 differences

Horse

3 differences

Donkey

3 differences

Zebra

3 differences

Pig/Cow/Sheep

3 differences

Dog

3 differences

Gray Whale

3 differences

Rabbit

3 differences

Kangaroo

3 differences

Chicken/Turkey

5 differences

Penguin

6 differences

Peking Duck

2 differences

Snapping Turtle

3 differences

Rattlesnake

4 differences

Bullfrog

4 differences

Tuna

6 differences

Screwfly

9 differences

Silkworm Moth

13 differences

Tomato Horn Worm

13 differences

Wheat

18 differences

Rice

18 differences

Bakers Yeast (fungus)

16 differences

Candida Yeast (fungus)

19 differences

Neurospora (fungus)

18 differences

Conclusion and Analysis:

1. What does it mean when scientists say that living organisms share a universal genetic code? Hint: This was
explained at the beginning of the 01.05 Assignment Help Video.

They mean that all organisms have almost identical amino acids in their genetic pattern, up to a point, they are
alike to an extent even though there is alterations in their codes.
2. Whats the connection between a universal genetic code and the way evolutionary scientists believe life
began on Earth? The connection between the two is that although organisms can be totally unalike, they all had
to have come from the same starting point to share almost identical codes.
3. How are self-replicating molecules, such as those in the RNA world hypothesis, essential to how
evolutionists believe life began on Earth? Hint: See page 2 of the 01.05 Lesson. They are very important
because they explain how one organism, could have a similar amino acid code, as another organism. Without
self-replicating molecules, two very different animals couldnt have the same genetic code.
4. Based on the amino acid sequence data you looked at for this activity, what species do humans appear to be
most closely related to? Explain your answer using information from your chart. Based on the amino acid
sequence data I looked at, the rhesus monkey appears to be the closest related because there are 0 differences or
Pekin duck because it only has two differences.
5. Based on the amino acid sequence data you looked at for this activity, what species do humans appear to be
most distantly related to? Explain your answer using information from your chart. Based on the amino acid
sequence data I looked at, Candida yeast (fungus) seems to be the species most distantly related to humans
because it has 19 differences.