B.

OBJECTIVES
As 3rd Year (BSN - 13B) nursing students of Davao Doctors College, within two
(2) days of nursing intervention on a client with Lost bowel movement at Davao Doctors
Hospital., We will be able to conduct a thorough and comprehensive study of the
assigned patient according to the data that was gathered through a series of interviews.
The condition of the aforementioned will augment and free of possible complications
from the disorder.
The completion of this case study enables the proponent to do the following:
1 To organize my patients data for the establishment of good background
information
2 To show the family history as well as the history of past and present illness for
the knowledge of what could be the predisposing factors that might contribute to
the patients illness
3 To review Patients Chart and carry out Medical Orders; thus, relate these
interventions to the alleviation of the Patients health condition
4 To present the different results of the patients diagnostic exams together with the
comparison of normal values for the understanding of what changes during the
disease
5 To discuss the Anatomy, Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Patients health
condition
6 To present the data from the nursing assessment performed on the patient using
the cephalocaudal approach for the good overview of her over-all health
7 To identify Patients Clinical Manifestations as basis for a specific, measurable,
attainable, realistic and time-bounded Actual and Ideal Nursing Care Plans.
8 To impart appropriate health teachings specifically for the patient to promote
wellness and appropriate discharge plan
To have an over-all conclusion and recommendation about the care study

Introduction

Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose or
liquid bowel movements each day. It often lasts for a few days and can result
in dehydration due to fluid loss. Signs of dehydration often begin with loss of the normal
stretchiness of the skin and changes in personality. This can progress to
decreased urination, loss of skin color, a fast heart rate, and a decrease in
responsiveness as it becomes more severe. Loose but non watery stools in babies who
are breastfed, however, may be normal.
The most common cause is an infection of the intestines due to either a virus, bacteria,
or parasite; a condition known as gastroenteritis. These infections are often acquired
from food or water that has been contaminated by stool, or directly from another person
who is infected. It may be divided into three types: short duration watery diarrhea, short
duration bloody diarrhea, and if it lasts for more than two weeks, persistent diarrhea.
The short duration watery diarrhea may be due to an infection by cholera. If blood is
present it is also known as dysentery. A number of non-infectious causes may also
result in diarrhea, including hyperthyroidism, lactose intolerance, inflammatory bowel
disease, a number of medications, and irritable bowel syndrome. In most cases stool
cultures are not required to confirm the exact cause.
Prevention of infectious diarrhea is by improved sanitation, clean drinking water,
and hand washing with soap. Breastfeeding for at least six months is also
recommended as is vaccination against rotavirus. Oral rehydration solution (ORS),
which is clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar, is the treatment of
choice. Zinc tablets are also recommended. These treatments have been estimated to
have saved 50 million children in the past 25 years. When people have diarrhea it is
recommended that they continue to eat healthy food and babies continue to be
breastfeed. If commercial ORS are not available, homemade solutions may be used. In
those with severe dehydration, intravenous fluids may be required. Most cases;
however, can be managed well with fluids by mouth. Antibiotics, while rarely used, may

be recommended in a few cases such as those who have bloody diarrhea and a high
fever, those with severe diarrhea following travelling, and those who grow specific
bacteria or parasites in their stool. Loperamide may help decrease the number of bowel
movement but is not recommended in those with severe disease.
About 1.7 to 5 billion cases of diarrhea occur per year. It is most common in developing
countries, where young children get diarrhea on average three times a year. Total
deaths from diarrhea are estimated at 1.26 million in 2013 down from 2.58 million in
1990. In 2012, it is the second most common cause of deaths in children younger than
five (0.76 million or 11%). Frequent episodes of diarrhea are also a common cause
of malnutrition and the most common cause in those younger than five years of
age.Other long term problems that can result include stunted growth and poor
intellectual development.

International
272,000,000 per year, 22,666,666 per month, 5,230,769 per week, 745,205 per day, 31,050 per
hour, 517 per minute, 8 per second. Note: this extrapolation calculation uses the incidence
statistic: almost 100% annually (NIDDK)

National
Over 70,000 Filipino children have died of diarrhea in span of seven years, the World
Health Organization (WHO) said in a study released Friday.
The study showed that if the trend continues, it is expected to cause 10,000 deaths
every year.