OF
CHRISTIAN LJlERATURti
II V
OF THE
SPRRfAM So
Oi^lVUl/iu
>
a
W. J. SPARROW-SIMPSON, D.D.,
W. K. LOWTHER CLARKE, B.D.
SERIES VII
LIVES OF THE
SERBIAN SAINTS
ST.
SAVA
Frontispiece
UTERATURE-SEMSVII
LIVES OF THE
SERBIAN SAINTS
*>
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CONTENTS
......
INTRODUCTION
A NOTE ON SERBIAN HISTORY
SAINT JOHN VLADIMIR, SERBIAN PRINCE
SAINT SIMEON, GIVER OF THE OIL
SAINT SAVA (1169-1236).
OUR HOLY FATHER ARSENI, SERBIAN ARCHBISHOP
SAINT SIMON PRVOVENCHANI, SON OF STEPHEN
NEMAN YA
THEOPHOROS STEPHEN MILUTIN, KING OF ALL
SERBIA AND THE COASTLANDS
THE SAINT AND GREAT MARTYR, STEPHEN DECHANSKI.
THE HOLY AND BLESSED MARTYR, TSAR UROSH
THE SAINT AND MOST BLESSED MARTYR, TSAR
LAZAR, RULER OF THE SERBIAN LAND (1372
.
...
....
.
vH
xii
I
6
12
31
-37
.46
......
1389)
PAGE
56
65
.70
.76
.-
...
79
85
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.....
THE
.......
537681
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
SAINT SAVA
SAINT LAZAR
.'
Frontispiece
,,46
70
...
Facing
p.
32
INTRODUCTION
THIS
collection of lives
call the
with their
lives.
to a calendar
and
more or
and
memory.
until the
office
had
Two
never sufficiently penetrated beyond it.
of difference thus arose in these various col-
classes
lections.
included
INTRODUCTION
viii
It is
is
here presented.
Sometimes part
paste and scissors have been at work.
of a story seems to have been rewritten because edification
is
And
tradition.
close adherence
to
Hexateuch
earlier version, or
and
of a double
tradition.
and
that
this
wholly, as
Such
What
it
in
is,
if
not
stood.
outline, the
history
of this
collection.
its
importance
If
we know the
sort of
way,
we know
INTRODUCTION
ix
The
or even
immoral.
in
him
hagiography ?
In the collection
before
us
we
find
large
They are
proportion of kings and great churchmen.
the men who made of the Serbians an independent
people and built up the short-lived Serbian 'Empire.
Of some of them that is about all that can be said.
to the Serbian
liberty
infidel.
This type
calendars.
is
represented in almost
all
national
in
common
INTRODUCTION
second type
is
But the
re-
it
could be attained.
This, again,
is
Serbian calendar.
a third type which is by far the most
There are lives of men and women in
book which contain no deed of heroism or voluntary
But there
is
characteristic.
this
denial.
Their
stories
made no
of
the
Nemanya
and understanding.
We may
Yet it is
most touching
lot.
account
for this
of Serbians
Turks.
as
It has,
more
But
it
is
probable that
its'
when they
in
fact,
the observance
the faithfulness of a
INTRODUCTION
rulers with
had a
xi
to rule,
special lesson.
indignities
characteristic of this people
up
to our
own
times
is
here
who were
western historian
remembers
among
its
so conspicuously unsuccessful.
No
understand this people unless he
will
saints.
King Stephen
is
numbered
national heroes
that
The purpose
much
that
of this note
may be
Serbians
In
accepted, nominally at least, the Christian religion.
to
old
seem
have
to
their
reality they
clung closely
pagan
nature worship and the new religion took little hold upon
them until the ninth century, when Cyril and Methodius
as
missionaries
xiii
king, Vladislav.
Nemanya
established.
He
in his
life.
kingdom
for himself in
his father,
xiv
Meanwhile,
peril.
Crusade had captured Constantinople, and the Latin state which it established began to
menace the small Balkan nations. St. Sava now showed
position to refuse
privileges.
active years
had been
owing to
Sava.
by
Rodoslav, Stephen's son, who succeeded him in 1227,
was dethroned by his brother Vladislav in 1233, and
laid
St.
came peace
The wealth
at
home and
considerable progress.
commer-
xv
by the
first
Emperor Andronicus.
withstanding the Tartar invasion, which destroyed Bulgaria during his reign, and reduced the Tartar prince,
Shishman of Widin,
to a position of vassalage.
Dechani which he
second
the
rebellion,
in 1331.
xvi
to the
In 1347 Dushan
it till
and brought
paigns,
and ordinances of
his
stem
the
(December
Turkish
invasions,
he
suddenly died
1355).
Moreover,
and
them on the
river
Maritza in 1371.
xvii
Nemanya
AGAINST THE
TURKS
Such of the Serbian land as still remained to them was
divided between two rulers Tvrtko, who governed
These two princes
in Bosnia, and Lazar Grebelyanovich.
united their forces and inflicted a defeat on the Turks in
1387, but two years later Sultan Murat returned with a
large army, and on the Plain of Kossovo the Serbian army
of Lazar was defeated and Lazar himself taken prisoner
and beheaded on the i5th of June, 1389. This famous
battle and the causes which led to the defeat is sufficiently
described in the life of St. Lazar, and need not detain us
now
here.
It is characteristic
should regard
it
as the greatest
moment
in their history,
for
in defence of
title of despot
only as vassals of the Turks, paying them tribute in money
and men, and on these terms Lazar's son, Stephen
xviii
so
that
Serbian despots
ceased to exist.
it
who owned
The stories
and
his
two sons,
misery of
Their brethren in the
same
religion
"For
the venerated
golden Freedom."
It was not till the year 1804 that the fight for freedom
In that year they began their
could really be renewed.
rebellion under Kara George and met with astonishing
xix
was increased.
So Serbia
lived again.
many years
of
to
life
maimed
principal factor.
It
xx
follow
spirit,
and
reflect that
devotion to
this
LIVES OF
THE
SERBIAN SAINTS
THE
SERBIAN PRINCE 1
THE holy and glorious prince and martyr John
Vladimir was sprung from a noble family of the town
Alba, which town he ruled together with Illyricum and
Hvalimir, his grandfather had three sons,
Dragomir and Miroslav. Petrislav ruled over
Zeta, Dragomir over Trebinje and Hlevna, Miroslav
over Podgorye. When Hvalimir was dead, and Miroslav
had died without children, the Serbian state fell to
Petrislav, whose son and successor was the blessed
Dalmatia.
Petrislav,
Vladimir.
From
youth
this prince
all.
And
it
happened that
LIVES OF
done
When
ous Samuil sent him to his capital and put him in prison
pillaged all his country, laying waste with fire
and
had a great love for the poor and the prisoners, and
went often to visit and comfort them. And when she
saw Vladimir, who was young and wise, straightway she
loved him. But he was always fasting and praying.
One night, however, there appeared to him an angel of
the Lord, who told him that the time of his deliverance
from prison drew near, and that afterwards he would be
But Kossara was praying her father that he
martyred.
would give to her this prisoner to be her husband and
since he could not refuse this to his daughter, Samuil
brought Vladimir from prison and gave him Kossara his
daughter to be his wife. Moreover, he returned into his
hand all his estates and sent him back with all honour
and many gifts. And when Vladimir came back to his
people bringing his wife with him, he was received with
Then did he tell his wife that she. must
great gladness.
;
virgin,
because that
life
is
the
life
of
the angels
Samuil,
the
great
against
his
his son
But St.
with his army against the Serbian country.
Vladimir gathered his army and defended himself with
great might, so that the
Emperor had
to return again
homewards.
Now
was in the
And
it
let
the cross
leaving it lying
their horses and
fall
to the
its
back.
crucified
all
his heart.
Now
Vladislav
LIVES OF
word of
husband
this
to
in
dipped
he
fear,
and gave
me,
kill
it
It is
your
will to kill
Then he took
his
me,
my
own sword
"
to Vladislav, saying unto him,
Take it and
am ready to die, as were Isaac and Abel."
for I
And
came
to the church
Lord,
of
commend my
shame and
away with
And
he
his
"
said,
spirit."
Into
Then
Thy
O my
hands,
the murderer,
full
men.
May
in the
dour in the presence of the bishops and all the clergy and
the people
then, for the true love she bore her blessed
husband, she shut herself up in his church and never
:
left
it
fasting
again
and
all
prayers.
town.
But as he sat alone in his tent taking meat,
suddenly, while his thoughts dwelt on other things, he
saw Vladimir seeking to behead him. Being in very
great fear of him, he called upon his guard for help ;
and
in their presence
like
an
invisible
year
as the wild
ever.
Amen.
OUR
and received the name of Stephen. The sacrament was given to him by Leontius, the bishop of Rascia
in that day.
When his youth was passed and he had
Paul,
his desire to
>in
SAINT SIMEON
drowned
battle was.
now had
before,
when
by himself.
every
Now
Zhupan ruled
this
his
own
small country
he was overcome and lost twenty of his forThereby these provinces came within the
kingdom of Serbia at this time Serbia, Old Serbia,
Sirmie and a part of Slavonia, Bosnia, Herzegovina,
Montenegro, a part of Albania and Macedonia.
Then there was peace in all the countries of Serbia.
again, for
tresses.
And
it
came
into the
first
The
Pillar.
day
whom
he assembled to him.
this,
When
who came
he had made
1
As they were like the
Specially the heretics Bogumile.
Quakers and followers of Tolstoi in their attitude towards war,
When the
they were very dangerous to the state in those days.
Turks took Bosnia in 1463 they became Musulmans.
8
In the Orthodox Church there is only one order of monks,
those who follow the rule laid down by St. Basil the Great of
Cappadocia. There are, in this rule, two degrees the lesser vow and
the great vow.
The latter is very severe, and is called the "angel
:
way
of
"
life.
speak.
SAINT SIMEON
keep
it
after you."
received letters from the Greek Emperor, which established the rights over this new monastery for the Serbian
Now
after
the good
life
holy Simeon
in following
of the spirit and the rule of prayer, the
felt in his heart that the hour of his death
drew
near,
"
serve
of
and fell upon his neck, answering him " The will
of the Lord be with thee, my father, and as I have been
tears
upheld unto
his son, and blessed him and kissed him and made
him promise that he would bring his body again to
Studenitza.
upon each by
prayers.
St.
the Psalms.
1
Lavra
his
him
farewell.
And
he, calling
their
LIVES OF
io
upon
summer
Simeon
at
time,
they
the
way
He
would.
made memorial
midnight
while
office,
Te Deum,
And
of his
when,
father
they sang
with a very
body of
St.
Simeon.
Then
those
all
who were
in
St.
being led by
where the body lay, cried with glad voices, ''Have
"
mercy upon us, O Lord, and prostrating themselves,
and
anointed themselves with the oil.
kissed the tomb
And St. Sava gave great thanks to God, and took one
and sent
oil
autocrat
And
Stephen.
he,
own
it
desiring to have
land, prayed his brother,
the body of their father.
greatly
SAINT SIMEON
14
Which
dead
father.
oil
when he
built the
them
again
Amen.
THE
first
(1169-1236)
reverence.
When
him
to
greatly,
and questioned
do
I see
Indeed,
all
envy change
my
heart
and
12
my
desire.
would
fly
by
SAINT SAVA
13
tj
and
man
"
Great
is
the
hunt
and he took
to go a-hunting.
men and
at
dawn was
all
At
far
for
him
in
the
to his parents
i4
once again."
He
men
straightway,
arid
back Rastko
they
And
of his old
life,
and, being
made monk,
received the
name
But the prince was not among them. Then the soldiers
began to seek for him everywhere in the church, and when
they found him not they were full of wrath, and because
they thought that the fathers were hiding him they
While this tumult was at
threatened them with death.
1
The higumen
is
SAINT SAVA
15
ul
its
" Here
am
came
whom you
seek,"
them
monk's
in his
said to them,
me
"
whatsoever
is
will.
So now
former princely clothes, and the hair that was cut from
and said to them, " Take now these tokens and
bring them as a sign that you found me in the life and
his
his head,
When
it
all
the
Holy Mountain
that the son of the Serbian prince had become monk, all
desired to look upon him.
Now there was a feast in
cells.
He
built
LIVES OF
16
And he
up all that is
moment, take
his.'
Lay
aside
to yourself the
all
those things of
him
at the
made monk by
the
name
of Simeon.
short while
monasteries,
favourable,
"
made
thus
My
if
it
shall
his consent,
be called ours."
SAINT SAVA
letter
17
and he proposed
of the
should
come
after
them of
their
race
and language.
it
to Constantinople to the
who was
1
who
-
The son
later
to give
lands.
him
letters
Now
under
city,
and
its
living in
bidden
me
give
"
Holy Mountain, within thy monastery in a certain place
where
the
was
"two
treasures
of
saying
place
gold.
Seek and you will find them. Take them and do good
in the Lord."
The
wondering
saint,
at this
message,
gave
Mountain.
It
came
to pass after
some time
near,
my
child.
When
in
shall bless
he had nothing
God
in
the
desert
So,
in
Constantinople
Holy Mountain; a
of the
a fourth to his
poor.
when
all this
finished, he retired
that
for
SAINT SAVA
19
him
my
alone
by
this that
O my
am made
Lord,
Then
all
came
oil like
to the
and sent
autocrat Stephen.
After this St. Sava was
it
And
it
came
fell
great
20
was shed, and many of the people had to fly from the
In this distress, Stephen called upon his brother,
land.
for the sake of the Lord, to come back to his fatherland to bring peace and to bless the country. When he
heard this thing, he began to weep for sorrow of heart
and determined to go and comfort the sad heart of his
brother, at the
his father.
that
He
same time
fulfilling
the
commandment
of
He
would
word of his coming, went with all the clergy and great
nobles of his state to greet his brother and the honoured
office
And
After this
the
saint
continued
St.
still
in
Studenitza,
SAINT SAVA
the monastery
its
rule of
life.
Then
like
21
an apostle he
the
divine
churches,
setting
Lord
in Zicha,
seat of the
Serbian archbishop.
It came to pass that the autocrat was forced to declare
first
war against
Strez,
a prince of Bulgaria.
He
in times
own
from
his
hour of misfortune. St. Sava desired to avoid the shedding of the blood of his fellow-orthodox and sought to
keep his brother from making war. He went himself
to the
camp
of the
all
gentleness spoke
nought
all
22
Wherefore
said to
may
may
see that
All
May Thy
come
"
"Some
terrible
man
well tried
and worthy
and bidding
cell in
It
Kareya.
came
some few
The Emperor
p.
41,
SAINT SAVA
23
ul
him by the Lord, he prayed first to God and came afterward to the Emperor, saying to him " The Lord, who
wills salvation for all men, of His grace drove out all
heresies from my country through the deeds of my
:
of the brothers
who
are with
and summoned
me
that he
The Emperor
may be
arch-
gladly agreed
and
and the brothers that
Sava, and with them he took counsel which
to his presence the patriarch
24
came
after
many
gifts
make whenever
they came
the
wars
also
between
east
;
frequent
in
dissensions
the
about
concerning
synod
to
to Constantinople
and
west,
and
"
this wise
My Emperor, enlightened of the
thou
hast
treated
us with perfect love and mercy,
Lord,
but I beg thee of thy clemency establish that from this
him on
time
it
may
ments.
him
Sava, together with the bishop's staff and vestAnd the Emperor also gave him letters and let
depart.
When
came
to
in
Serbian country.
Stephen sent to
meet him his bishops and his nobles and his sons (for he
himself was sick), and so with great honour came the
self with these to the
SAINT SAVA
25
came afterward
bishopric.
how
came again
the Lord.
come
to you,
my
own
people, because
how
and
voie-
you in the
Lord with the glory of power should be yet of one title
with you.
And now also I have been placed for your
sake as chief in the Church with the power of the priesthood. Wherefore it is the more necessary to adorn him
who rules you in the Lord with the crown of kingship, for
When
that will be an honour and a glory to you also."
they
all
heard
this,
they
bowed themselves
before the
And
so, during
the Divine Liturgy in the time of consecration set apart
for that purpose, St. Sava called the prince Stephen to
altar, read over him the prayer of blessing, anointed
him with the holy chrism, put on him the kingly purple,
the
LIVES OF
26
placed the crown upon his head, gave into his hand the
'
Lord, hear ye and give ear, for I speak for love's sake
and the good of your souls." And beginning from the
Resurrection he spoke to them of the history of our
and the
We
believe
by God,
all
apostles and
salvation."
SAINT SAVA
27
Then he began
great honour.
all
more
Then
Sava stood.
repented him of
his
"
When
the king
Blessed art
saw
this,
he
and he
thou of the Lord, most
that day on which thou
intentions,
thy brother of
again
St.
brother's state.
And
Stephen
it
came
fell
ill
LIVES OF
28
with him
venerated
many
first
gifts.
the
tomb
And when
he came there he
and then the other
which he had brought.
of the Lord
him
that
it
Some
for
1
'
kingdom
also,
and the
to
Mount
Sinai
relics
of St. Katharine
one
SAINT SAVA
of the
first
four patriarchates.
29
to
at the
warm
for
Now
it
him.
near,
and
came with
his nobles
till
with
its relics
3o
But the
the glory and the memory of St. Sava.
of that saint will always be held in highest honour.
name
Amen
ARSENI,
SERBIAN ARCHBISHOP
THE year and the place in which this great
our Church was born are not known to us,
man
of
for
he
to this
rule,
first
Serbian archbishop,
how
For
enlightened with grace, came to him as on wings.
he desired to be near the man of God, who was as an
apostle, and learn how he might rise from earthly to
heavenly things, from corruption to incorruption, from
So when he
the things of men to the things of God.
came to the monastery Zicha, where was the archbishop's
throne of St. Sava, he begged some of the brothers to
tell the saint, and he was received lovingly by that
renowned man.
LIVES OF
32
To
field
one
by
one
with
full
obedience
and
sacrifice.
When
spiritual exer-
When Archbishop
Sava saw
this
A kind
of
"
precentor."
33
by force of arms,
afterwards
teaching
all
give glory to
LIVES OF
34
fear of the
man and
on the holy Arseni in the monastery Zicha. He celebrated the Liturgy, and called him to be his successor
before all the bishops and in the presence of King
Vladislav himself.
To
the honour of
St.
Arseni
it
at
first
When
all
this
was so well
Lord
arm
to
fell
ing
full
consent.
state,
35
the saint and gifts from the Serbian churches, but also
St. Sava was hardly yet alive in that
town.
after,
fulfilled
came the
honoured
the eyes of
gave to us
God
or
man
that apostle
whom
Jesus
toiled
and
doxy
make
it
to his fatherland."
King
that
Vladislav,
father
and throne.
outside the
beseech thee,
brought back hither
I
tsar,
to his
him the body of his uncle. To his first letter the tsar
made answer " If the body of St. Sava lay here unhonoured and uncared for, you would have cause to
make this request. But since it lies in peace and is kept
:
it
"
To
why
the second
letter
and relics of holy Sava, who left no testamentary direction about any such change? In vain you ask this of
me, for I cannot grant it. Seek not to obtain it by
force, for the patriarch
will
be opposed to you."
36
lest
remained
himself,
ing
him
in
a strange country.
of his nobles, bishops and higumens bearcompany, and the Bulgarian king yielded, and
many
But stricken
in
years
and
Lord,
strength, he raised up
Sava II ,to be archbishop of the Serbian
Bent and shrunken by a long and weary illness
land.
he received the Holy Sacrament and gave up his soul
in
his place
ST.
the godly
King Stephen
sisters,
from God.
When
and a
his father,
zhupan of the
spirit
Serbian people and first in dignity, was stricken in years
and desired to lay aside the heavy burden of rule that
lit
nobles of
all
and
and
and the
me by God and by your love. Whereyou all to be obedient and faithful to him as
you have been to me."
When he came to the throne Stephen ruled by love,
ever protecting those who were oppressed, feeding the
poor, giving abundant alms to the aged and helpless,
was entrusted to
fore I bid
Serbia iu 1196,
37
38
He
give account of his deeds at the Last Judgment.
watched over the Holy Orthodox Faith, cleansing it of
He built also churches, among which the
all heresies.
most worthy of note
is Zicha
in a word, he exercised
the Gospel virtues, following thus the Lord God who
loves His chosen.
:
all
for the
After a
39
of
my
my
sighings
Then was
and
Vukan was
re-
them made
LIVES OF
40
At
this
had feared
he should be killed by
That
he might prevent
kingdom
this he had set himself to persecute him so as to make
an end of him. When Strez perceived that his life was
in danger, he had fled to the benign Stephen and besought his protection. The Christ-loving Stephen had
received him and all that followed him with affection,
treating him as a brother and giving him the town ot
Prosek, on the river Nardar, with the land about it,
evil,
so that Boris
him and
lest
taken.
his
it.
After a while, when Strez
he
became
rich,
proud and began to oppress
his subjects, so that at length, for little or no fault, he used
to slay his people, hurling them from the tops of the high
Such were his pleasures and
cliffs into the river below.
afterward he would make himself drunk with wine. When
tidings of these things came to Stephen he was very sorrowful and his conscience smote him because he had
had grown
suffered such a
man
to
be
ruler.
Therefore he wrote a
letter to
must
in prayer, saying
"
:
Help me,
he
first
Lord
prostrated himself
come, Lord, to
:
my
aid
good."
orders to the
commanders of
his armies to
with his
saw
else,
me
evil for
make ready
But
and
render
and by
much
41
up
own
his
hand against
dagger.
battle.
For he was
When
this,
to the
When
the
He
to the
poor
came
him
42
all
Now
they did.
When
all this
it
came
with him.
The
the sick man, but he did not reach him before he died.
Thus he had died without having received the monk's
habit
and without
settling
the throne.
Sava
which had
St.
Then
He
opened
hand
and kissed it. The saint raised him up and made him
be seated, and straightway made him monk, giving him
his eyes,
Then
the
name Simon.
the
did the
monk Simon
receive
"
with the words,
Glory be
of
Lord
His dead body was brought
Our
1224.
year
tomb
in a
43
marble
Some
were
When
is,
till
the
fall
of
sacrilegious
man
while after he appeared also to the Serbian Patriarch, Paisi, and likewise to the Metropolitan of Rascia,
bidding the latter to come to the fortress of Jeletch.
little
so done, he
monks
of Sopochani, in fear ot
to Studenitza
LIVES OF
44
city,
He
Dionysius,
with
brought them
people.
they rested from the
and much
and there
first
When
respite
revolt
the
"
"
dachilas
(rulers) in Belgrade.
Although
the rising of our warriors was successful, nevertheless
in the space of ten years the Turks, ever enemies of the
Turkish
at pains to find in
good time a
fitting
45
sarcophagus of
to the
when our
Simon
among
ourselves,
the
victorious
power
to heal all
who come
to
them with
faith in this
Through
pardon
1
for
his
prayers
During the
and Bulgarians
grant us,
life
Lord Jesus
everlasting.
of St.
now
Christ,
Amen.
in
Montenegro.
in virtue
and abound-
ing in mercy,
Urosh
after
glorified
called saint.
for us the
his
46
ST.
M1LUT1N
P4 6.
47
Helen, showed great promise, and his parents were carehim, bringing him up lovingly in the good Faith,
ful for
he grew up
it
will that
whom
will
With
my
far
voyage to
my
kinsman
his
nothing accomplished.
Dechanski.
48
While King Urosh was ruling Serbia and the coastlands in peace and with justice, he built a splendid
church in the name of the All Holy Trinity at Sopochani.
But about this time there rose against him his eldest son
Dragutin,
he had made.
him the
wife's father
him
with
Alas
years after
the
evil for
father's
throne,
who had
somewhat
He
heart
less evil
agony.
slight
49
sickness of heart
no
my
Lord, that
maketh
Thou
for good.
cleanse me.
am
'
more
the
Yet, through
prayers
made
more
died,
on Friday
life
in the third
monastery
monastery of Tronasha,
on the slope of Mount Gouchevo.
as king and autocrat
Stephen Milutin Uroch II ruled
Dragutin
river Drina,
and
LIVES OF
50
from the year 1285, and took as his second wife the
daughter of the Greek Emperor Andronicus, Simonide,
who bore to him a son, Constantine. He chose Prizren
first
joining battle:
show
to
trust in
pity
and
offerered
Lord,
know
rich in grace.
this
up
that
prayer before
Thou
Therefore
art
quick
humbly
help our fathers when
Thou didst
Thou didst deliver them. To
and Thou didst keep them.
They
Thee, because
Thee they
cried
trusted in
those
their pride,
'
We
have
'
slain
memory
is
"
utterly perished
Strong in his hope in the Lord,
!
his
his
Ovchepole,
Zlatovo,
Pijachatse,
and Porach.
Then
the
the
Serbian
Tartars,
land.
Though
the
still
mercenaries, these
desired to invade the
And
51
such
Bulgarian
tzar.
who now
country,
stantinople,
sides,
Christ-
made
ened
began
it cells like an emperor's palace and strengthwith towers against the enemy. After this he
He built a church and a
to help the sick.
for
it
52
Likewise in
and
He often
the
with
stantine,
in
Holy Wisdom,
after the
Con-
in
the church of the holy and just Joachim and Anna and
in Orohovitza, in the country of Dabar, the church to
the great martyr George.
They say that this God-loving
:
churches.
Now
lows
litza,
Zeta,
Raschia,
Prizren,
Hum, Hvostom,
Budimlye,
Liplanye,
fol-
Morava,
And
53
Studenitza, Mileshevo.
The
Gostiva, Orahvitza, Nagorichany, and Skoplye.
archbishop of this time was Sava III, and afterwards
Nikodim, who,
came back
after fasting at
to Serbia
and was
called to be archbishop by
the counsel
on the
feast of the
spiritual training
For the
*
first-born son of the saintly
King
and godly
time in Zeta with
Milutin, Stephen,
was led away by the words of the nobles who
served him and determined to demand the throne of his
his wife,
When
his father
would
When King
him with
father
Stephen Dechanski.
Compare with
57~5 8
LIVES OF
54
to Zeta against his rebel son and battle was joined and
the vanquished son fled to the farther bank of the river
Boyana.
tured,
his
to
He
could not escape, however, but was caphis father was sent as a prisoner
and by order of
father-in-law
at
Constantinople,
the
Emperor
Andronicus.
of
my
buried in a
tomb
in
Some
which
is
with
incorruption,
and
his
son Stephen
55
to Shredatz
Wisdom.
Through his prayers, Lord Jesus, grant to Thy people
Amen.
to live in peace, doing Thy holy will.
the
life
of the saintly
know
of the
He
Hungarian king.
youth
he grew strong in the Orthodox Faith, which preserved his soul from terrible heresy and led him straight
towards everlasting life with Our Saviour Jesus Christ.
study,
life will
bring to
tell
is it
possible to find
for
way was
full
father's will,
went
willingly,
of danger.
King
of Serbia, 1321-1331.
56
57
and soul
High."
After a short time his parents made a
marriage for
him with the daughter of the Bulgarian king Smilatz,
and his father gave him as his portion a good part of the
do
evil,
began
to
spoke
evil against
for her
son Con-
secret to Stephen,
the chief
feared
lest,
when
Now
King
queen.
he be
army and took him as he fled, and gave orders that
bound and blinded with red-hot irons, and sent him to
Constantinople to be shut up in prison.
LIVES OF
58
The commands
las in
"Be
"
to
though very
bitter,
loved him and went often to him, and was kind to him,
because he perceived in him a man of great spirit.
While he
life
of the holy
and
man
of
He who
me
sent
me
to
thee
and he began
lest
him
again.
Wherefore
59
came
aside
with me, thy intercessor, in this good work, take thy son
is
made
good and
is
"
wise
raged with
me
Now
reverend
this
land."
always, lest I die in this strange
father, after taking counsel with
to
Prizren
honoured Archbishop
And in good time
these reverend fathers of the Holy Mountain came to
men, giving
them a
Nikodim concerning
this matter.
softened,
come
the
tery Pantokrator in
now also these fathers brought to him the intercession
of the council for mercy and the restoration of his son,
60
LIVES OF
"
Your prayer shall be
he yielded, and said to them
for
asked
have
What
my son, shall be
you
granted.
him
thanks and went
Then
also."
will
they gave
my
:
their way.
So, after that, the godly King Milutin sent a messenger to his father-in-law, the Emperor Andronicus,
At this message the
asking him to release his son.
emperor rejoiced
in peace,
greatly,
commanding
Dushano for Dushitza had died in Conhe knelt down with his eyes bound up and
"
I do not deny
Father, I confess my sin.
what thou knowest to be true. But I know also that
thou art merciful, and I pray thee forgive me, thy son,
:
Bodimlya
Dushan with
his
grandfather.
It came to pass after three years that his father, the
godly King Milutin, died, and there came messengers to
Stephen both to bring the sad tidings of the death of
his father
61
When
knew
state.
went
his
own
people,
towards his
brother and
men
but
second
for
in
me and
let
my
thee to
live.
am
not Cain
who
this letter
slew his
his
words
the Lord-
given me
had read
62
army be attacked.
it
by
force, for
and
there died.
King Stephen Urosh III, and rose against him to deSo by the help of the Lord the blessed
king was victorious, and desired to repay his debt to
the Lord God by building a splendid church in the
midst of his fatherland. Wherefore he set forth with
Archbishop Daniel, who had succeeded Nikodim, to
seek a good place for this church.
And they found it
on the river Bistretza in the country of Hvostom, and
himself with his own hand laid the first stone for the
stroy the state.
63
and
silver
and
all
the vessels
it
When
it
the
within
needed most
splendid.
Thus
had
all his
own, and
fell
own.
Now
renown
far
made him
prisoner.
Stephen Dushan,
after taking
year
1336.
64
was brought by his son Stephen Dushan to the monasand there it rests in peace to
we commit
God
Almighty, to
Whose
care
and
Amen.
for ourselves
THE
LIFE OF
these lands
Serbia, Bosnia, Dalmatia, Albania, Epirus,
But the
Thessaly, Macedonia, Bulgaria and Rumania.
it pertains to bestow the crown of
Almighty, to
Whom
lands, stayed
who,
him on
his glorious
path,
and Dushan,
according to the
years to
and soon
live, fell
after
ill
tsar,
by
title
By his wisdom
[age.
and gentleness he gave good promise on ascending the
But he
throne of his father, which seemed so strong.
must needs have vigour and strength besides the qualino more than nineteen years of
ties
the
new
from sea to
sea.
The
who had
held
LIVES OF
66
so
many
memory
fear they
the throne
many
the
died
in the
Ottomon voievodes
Bulgaria.
to retire.
It seems, however, that
the Tsarina Helen, was not blameless
in this matter, and urged on the civil war,
hoping to take
for herself a fortified town.
This we may know from
his
he
own mother,
fact that
when
the
against
Nikifor,
sister to wife.
matters
tries,
lay,
67
mind
this
but
So
it
self
own land. Thus in the space of ten years, during the lifetime of the Tsar Urosh, the Serbian empire was divided
into
Urosh
four parts, independent one of another.
name of tsar, for in truth the real
Now
some
of the
took Machva and other parts of Serbia. Tsar Urosh desired to make peace between them, but he was powerless,
and was
The
un-
disposed.
and
among
Some time he
heart of this
misery not to
68
He
found
he, to
whom
fatherland
rule
belonged by
was
left
The
subjects.
came
own
first,
was
Sirmie.
so
him
again.
fled
Which
he sent
after
69
and dead
Narodimye on the
tomb.
Wherefore the
faithful
them
which
to Sirmie
is
this day.
in
Through
glorified this
His
his
saint,
prayers
may
the
who
Amen.
Lord,
us.
saint
man of great
lived at the court during
Since his father,
the reign of the Tsar Stephen Dushan.
son of Lazar Pribatz Grebelyanovich, a
affairs
kingdom, lived
youth,
at
the court
and received
that
training
which would
befit
his station.
From
his
and of a high
spirit,
and
all
these gifts
of the
Lord
first
Stephen Nemanya.
Thus
of prince.
After the unlocked
for death of Tsar Dushan, the foundations of the Serbian
state
title
among
the
Serbian nobles,
70
for
power
one,
ST.
LAZAR
p.
70
71
i_
all for
gentle
And when
himself.
Tsar Urosh
fell
into discord
his reward, after his death St. Lazar arose to carry out
his plan.
He
Now when
came
St.
to
anathema from
Isaiah received
him two of
all
all
Serbians,
that he
his disciples
This anathema was pronounced in 1346 by the patriarch beDushan had proclaimed himself Tsar of all Bulgarians
and Greeks, and had at the same time appointed the Serbian
cause Tsar
72
an
interpreter,
When
the Patriarch
Theophanes
condition he
made
that
the
the
title
no
jurisdiction
When
this
in Constantinople,
When
73
bi
many
villages for
its
support
name
of the Ascension of
palaces.
at
times
easy
because for the slightest cause and at the least resistance his greedy soul, craving all that was not its own,
74
was
with
filled
rage.
But
in
the
year
1387
Lazar
by
avenge
to a state rent
by
discord,
envy, treachery
and pride
Kossovo
field
this delay
an
forth in
ill
For
Obilich.
to Lazar;
left
to the
camp
of the Turks.
There he made
his
way
to
army.
The
gave his
own
battle
life
75
b4
him
to
flight
be
and the
tsar,
prisoner.
lie in peace
memory
life
and the
spiritual exercises.
This was
little
a dream which
whom
Velika skimna, the most strict and ascetic rule in the monasti
life.
76
77
Now
who demanded
of
him the
made ready
for
When
treasure which
the
Patriarch
him and
Ephrem
him a cell in a cave in
the holy man, but came
to
after,
Tsar
and desired
to establish peace
among
the Serbian land, he sent the old monk Isaiah from Athos
and the priest Nikodim to the Patriarch Theophanes
LIVES OF
78
retired
Ephrem,
Church
the
to
of
the
Archangel
Michael, in the
came
was
slain
died.
on Kossovo
Once again
on the
in a
tomb
fifteenth
day of June.
Church and
with
in State,
Thy commandments
saint,
Lord, shield
in the Gospels.
Amen.
fifteenth
1
autocrat, but called despot.
title
He
his people
is
known among
the Tall,
Brankovich,
for
wife his
son of
1
The
this
title
associations
who was
Mara.
When
merely =
despot
given to
we have
it.
79
evil
8o
whom
to
he ceded Belgrade.
When
the
plighted
word,
81
Danube
after
December
to his
Lazar.
wife
The
Mahmoud
year 1458.
82
Now we begin
From
and
just Stephen.
his
all
commandments
of virtue.
Now
when George,
his father,
Mara
for
sent
in
brother,
went
And
he, ever
to Adrianople,
some long
son of George,
Owing
to this calamity
in the
Adrianople.
Yet
failed,
83
but he bore
did with the help of some of the nobles in the year 1461
But this was not pleasing to many of the people, who
chose rather to be obedient to the Turks than to their
.
own
despot.
and they showed their hatred not only by dethronas a prisoner far from
ing him but by sending him bound
After some time he was
his fatherland, into Dalmatia.
delivered from his bonds and imprisonment and all the
troubles that had come upon him, and he went back to
He hoped that his people would atone
his fatherland.
this,
for their
in vain, for he
designs against
now in another, and at last found safe refuge with
the Prince of Albania, the brave George Scanderbeg.
Here he married, taking for wife the daughter of this
place,
84
was despot.
Some time
after the
some years with his wife and children. Then he fell ill
of the sickness that often had troubled him, and his last
hour came and he gave his soul to the Lord, dying in
the fifty-sixth year of his life in the year 1468. His body
was buried in this foreign land and remained there till
Whom,
In the
name
in
evil plight.
honour and
glory,
now and
for evermore.
Amen.
saint,
was born
know
in Diocletia,
They remained
know
Then
and
godly
tery, so that
was
ill
godly
pleased.
man and
i The exact date of this saint is not known, but the mention of
the despot George Brankovich shows that he belongs to this period.
85
86
children and,
commending them
left his
is
city that
not to be
When
covered."
in
"
Coming
He
of the All
adorned
it
to the
Temple.
The godly
to it many villages for its support.
Joannicius set the monastery in order and calling the
brothers round him, took thought for their good life,
In the fullness of
giving his own life as their example.
gave
the
faith.
Whom
we
also venerate
and beseech
that through
Amen.
life
by 'coming
to the Prince of
It is not known
Albania, whose daughter he married.
for how long a time the saint and his brother John lived
in a foreign land, but afterwards they came with their
87
88
title
and a
little
support for
life,
and
and there was no bishop and but few priests. Then the
monk Maxim, zealous for the Orthodox Faith, called to
and he came
Sirmie the metropolitan of Sofia, Levit
and ordained Maxim to be priest in Kupinitza, and
But because
afterwards made many other priests also.
the Turks oftentimes invaded Sirmie to plunder it, the
:
Maxim,
He came then
who
to the lands of
him
received
throne, honouring in
gladly.
him the
despot's dynasty.
It
came
Bogdan,
made ready for war against the voievode Rodul. But
Archbishop Maxim took on himself the labour of uniting
them again, and changed bloodshed into peace, and
brought back the two voievodes to love and concord.
Then this Bogdan, who had made peace, gave to the
archbishop a staff wrought of silver.
After the death of Rodul, Mina came to the throne,
an evil man who loved the Turks better than the Chris-
89
tians.
When blessed Maxim saw that he could not
remain a friend with Mina, and that Mina was against
him because he was a Serbian and of the despot's dyn-
asty
lose his
life.
fit
time to
When
he heard
that,
king. Maxim
rejoiced greatly because of this opportunity, and when
he had brought to a good end the mission with which he
at
Buda
Peste,
he returned not to
two monasteries in
this country,
for
LIVES OF
9o
last
and went
to eternal life
1
January in the year I560.
Amen.
This date can hardly be correct in view of the dates given for
the death of his father (p. 84) and younger brother (p. 95).
made
glorious by their
At the court of the
prince who ruled this people the maid Angelina grew
up, increasing in the gifts of the Spirit by the help of
the Lord God, and her will made strong by the teaching
of Christ.
The name of her mother is not known, but
we can see how she was brought up and how great care
victories in battle for the faith.
God
We
92
He
to him, like a friend, a kinsman, a brother.
was neither proud, nor did he blame him. And because
his exile with this prince was long, so that he became as
an inmate of the house, by the help of the Lord it was
not strange that these two hearts came very close together, and for their perfect union there was only needed
came
Church.
So, when the parents,
despite his blindness, gave their consent to this marriage
between
their
and
their father
all
began again
this
two sons,
death.
fled to Italy,
where he lived
till
garian ruler to help her, that the lot of her sons might
be made more easy, and he showed mercy to them in
Sirmie.
gifts,
He
SAINT ANGELINA
93
Sava.
rule of prayer as a
nun
When
is
ii
and
ever.
Amen.
None
title
than the
name
life
in the world,
of
the Hungarian
king.
SAINT JOHN
95
i-4
from
this
Katherine.
At
this
John moved
many
invasions into
to Berkasovo, a
There he lived a
life
little
pleasing to
When Archbishop
healing.
their father were brought to
Maxim
died the
relics
of
good account
to
Thee
in the
Amen.
1
Ban
= governor.
he was zealous to
fulfil
Holy
He
Scriptures.
all
and
By
Lord
is
serving
pleasing
be the steward of
earthly lord, he served
called to
his
is
who doeth
all
his
also
fear of the
By
fear of the
Lord
is
the beginning of
him
as
96
STEPHEN SHILANOVICH,
97
Sirmie.
home a
for his
humble when
more glorious than the
free
from
God
He
When
guile,
in justice
Now
a terrible famine
fell
upon
it
and they pillaged all the country side, taking all the
oxen and cattle, so that the people could not plough the
At such a time the godly living Stephen, sorrowfields.
ing for his people in such a plight from the famine,
opened all his granaries and gave to all men the grain
that Just
Judge who
whom
will say,
and
and
98
and
body was buried by his wife Helen with all the rites of
Church in a place of great beauty a little way from
the town.
She gave also a great part of his possessions
to his servants, letting them go where they would, while
the
to
Germany.
Not long
rays of light
was buried.
When
came
STEPHEN SHILANOVICH
vain, for they
uncorrupt in
99
its
smell.
stood by.
who knew
voievode
this thing
who
lived
Stephen by name."
made
in
answer,
this
When
"
None
Then some
other than a
with
they took from the cart the sarcophagus
where they
rest
till
its relics,
in
this
a place
day
for
LIVES OF
ioo
Now
the
his wife
body of the
much
as she could
with
her,
a lock was shorn from her head, and for the name Helen
she received that of Nun Elizabeth. Then she went into
a desert place three days' journery from the monastery
on the far side of Frushka Gora, by the river Danube.
All that she brought with her from the
German
land,
And when
STEPHEN SHILANOVICH
loi
of
many
of the Orthodox
Through
his prayers
come here.
may Jesus Christ Our Lord
Amen.
forgive
give
us our sins.
u.
:'
it
new
that this
hierarch, of the
same
name
He
From
his parents,
God
grew
This
saint,
his
and
in virtue
lived the
life
of the pure
and
life-giving
blessed
of this
sinful
Ah
Oh Thou Son
enemies.
1
The date
of this
life is
we
uncertain.
102
He was
a Montenegrin
saint.
SAINT BASIL
103
us
into one, as
all
The
heart
and
all
In
this
high
And
all
Now we
to
all,
who comforted
far
and
near,
his
who
speak
evil
many
that
104
and
defile their
who
Lord
are the
life
betrayed
the
Bride of Christ,
persecuting
the
holy
These Papists,
who cut themselves off from the holy Church and,
despite the miracles, would not perceive the signs of
Heaven, may the Lord give them hearts desirous of
truth, so that they may return with love to their mother
We await
the Orthodox Church, which is of the East
their conversion, desiring for them that they leave the
darkness of the Western heresies and cease from attacking with the vile and poisonous bite of the serpent the
Church with the enemies of
Christ.
their mother.
them come
who
who
the
SAINT BASIL
his heart
and enriched
like the
it
105
Simeon and the Lord did not desert his flock, but
gave them back their holy shepherd, and gave rest to
:
his
body
still
gloriously
life.
Basil,
may
Orthodox Faith
uprightness,
everlasting
Amen.
pains and
granted
the
heavenly reward.
GLOSSARY
Angel way of
life
life
in the East.
Eikon
Higumen
first
crowned.
106
its
monasteries.
INDEX
ANGELINA,
of,
marries
ST.,
Stephen,
despot,
84;
St.
life
91-93
Ephrem
76;
St.
archbishop
of
at,
Arseni,
St.,
Serbia, 28;
life of,
31-36
bishop of Zahumlia,
102-105
Bulgarians, attack St. Vladimir,
1-4; St. Sava and Strez,
king of, 21, 22 ; try to keep
the relics of St. Sava, 29,
34 ; war against King MiluBasil, St.,
life of,
tin, 50.
Crusaders, 47.
Daniel,
archbishop
and chronicler,
62
of
46,
Serbia
Greek Emperors
86
53, 59,
Khilindar, monastery
8,
St.,
made
Serbia, 72
of, rebuilt
chany, 60-64
Ephrem,
at Constanti-
nople, 3
patriarch of
life of,
1 6,
Milutin,
76-78
to,
107
73
17
51
;
;
St. Sava,
rebuilt
by
benefactions
INDEX
io8
Kingdom
of Serbia, founded by
becomes
and
and
abdicates
8
miracle of
monk,
death
his
relics,
10,
19
Lazar, St., Tsar of Serbia, leads
revolt against Vukashin,
67; reigns as tsar, 70-73
>'
death at Kossovo, 74
St.
(George, son of
despot Stephen, 84), life,
Maxim,
87-90
Milutin,
life,
St.
Urosh,
Stephen
46-55
Simon Prvovenchani,
of
Stephen
his
succeeds
Nemanya),
aids
father as zhupan, 37
of
the building
Khilindar,
overcomes the
J 7>
38 ;
;
Bulgarians, 21, 40
king, 24-26, 41 ;
St.,
birth,
archimandrite, 19 ; protects
Serbia from Bulgarians, 21 ;
becomes archbishop, 23 ;
crowns his brother king,
25; journey to the Holy
Land, 27 death, 29
Sava the Blessed, 28
;
101
Simeon,
is
made
falls sick
12; flight
to Mount Athos,
13 ff. ;
16
rebuilds
Khilindar,
miracle at the death of his
made
father, 10, 19, 20
Sava,
St. (Ste-
son
phen,
63
his
death, 65
Stephen, St., despot of Serbia,
80-84, 91-93
of
Bulgaria,
Serbians, 21,
40; his strange death, 22,
prince
attacks the
Strez,
41
Tartars, 56, 57
Turks, 66, 73, 77, 80, 88, 97
Urosh,
69
St.,
Zicha,
St.
(Stephen Nemanya),
founds
ruler of Rascia, 6
the state of Serbia,
7
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