Container

#
no.
Cone
Penetration
Number
(mm)
Mass of
container
M1
(g)
Mass of
container +
M2
wet soil (g)
Mass of
container +
M3
dry soil (g)
Mass of
M4 = M2 M3
water (g)
Mass of
M5 = M3 M1
dry soil (g)
Moisture
w = M4/M5 x
content (%)
100%
4.0 Data and analysis

13.5

17.50

31.0

21.74

21.79

19.82

32.40

35.01

45.88

30.21

32.21

40.09

2.19

2.80

5.79

8.47

10.42

20.27

25.86

26.87

28.56

CONE PENETRATION TEST (LIQUID LIMIT TEST):

Plastic Limit

16.9

(%)
Soil

5
(%)
CLAY LOW PLASTICITY

Classificatio
n

Liquid Limit

27.2 Plasticity Index 10.25

0
(%)

Sample calculation :
1. Mass of water = (mass of container + wet soil) (mass of container + dry soil)
Example: mw = 32.40 30.21
= 2.19 g
2. Mass of dry soil = (mass of container + dry soil) (mass of container)
Example: mdry = 32.40 21.74
= 8.47 g
3. Moisture content, w = (mw/mdry) x 100%
Example: w = (2.19/8.47) x 100%
= 25.86 %
4. Plastic limit, PL= (w1 + w2 + w3 )/3
Example: PL = (25.86 + 26.87 + 28.56)/3
= 27.10 %
5. Plastic index, PI = LL PL
Example: PI = 27.2 16.95
= 10.25 %
#Soil classification : CLAY LOW PLASTICITY

Pla

CASAGRANDE TEST :
Container no.

determination stic limit

determination Liquid limit

Mass of container
(g)
Mass of container
+ wet soil (g)
Mass of container
+ dry soil (g)
Mass of water (g)

m1

20.35

22.27

m2

24.14

23.64

m3

23.49

23.48

mw = m2 - m3

0.65

0.16

ms = m3 - m1
m
w= w 100
ms

3.14

1.21

20.7

13.2

Container no.

Number of blows
Mass of container
(g)
Mass of container
+ wet soil (g)
Mass of container
+ dry soil (g)
Mass of water (g)
Mass of dry soil (g)

94

72

45

20

m1

19.1

19.14

22.44

20.39

m2

24.50

27.35

27.60

28.18

m3

23.18

24.97

26.05

25.76

mw = m2 - m3
ms = m3 - m1
m
w= w 100
ms

1.32
3.47

2.38
5.83

1.55
3.61

2.42
5.37

38.0

40.8

42.90

45.1

Mass of dry soil (g)

Moisture content
(%)

Moisture content
(%)

Sample calculation :
# Calculation for 1st sample of plastic limit:
Mass of water (g), m2 - m3 = 24.50 23.18
= 1.32 g
Mass of dry soil (g), m3 - m1 = 23.18 19.1
= 3.47 g

Moisture content (%),

w=

mw
100
ms
1.32
100
3.47

= 38%
38.0+ 40.8+ 42.9+ 45.1
4

Average moisture content =

# Calculation for 1st sample of liquid limit:

Mass of water (g), m2 - m3 =24.5 -23.1
= 1.32 g
Mass of dry soil (g), m3 - m1 = 23.18-19.1
= 3.47 g
mw
Moisture content (%), w= ms 100

1.32
100
3.47

= 38%
Plasticity index, PI = LL PL
=44 16.95
= 27.05%

= 41.7%

Based on the plastic limit test, the result of the moisture content from sample
1 is 20.7% while the value for sample 2 is 13.2%. As we can see, the value of
moisture content from sample 1 is greater than sample 2. This is because, during
the experiment the sample 2 was over rolled less than 3mm which it affect the
moisture content of soil. Other than that, by using hand when mixing causes some
of water absorbed by our hand. Furthermore, the soil didnt mix properly where
causing the soil to be non-uniform soil besides, doesnt maintain a uniform rolling
pressure throughout.
Besides that, by using the plasticity index and liquid limit data, the soils will
be classified by using the Plasticity Chart. From our test, the soil classification
for Casagrande Test is CLAY INTERMEDIATE PLASTICITY while for Cone
Penetration Test is CLAY LOW PLASTICITY. The difference of plasticity is due to
the amount of water added during experiment. It can be observed that when the soil
in cohesion condition, it means the soil is high plasticity.
There are several precaution to take during the experiment such as cleaned
the dish properly before the measurement are taken, make sure the penetration
cone fall freely when release. Other than that, ensure the cone is dry and clean from
the soil in other to achieve the accurate result. Last but not least, make sure that
machineries are in good condition before used.
The data will be used in other to construct the building especially for design
the types of foundation, dam, tunnel and drainage system. It also helps the
geotechnical engineer determine the strength of soil at construction site.