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Tutorial 1 Question 3

http://www.absorblearning.com/media/item.action?quick=103

Ques #01 (MA2003- SEM I 2012/13

Figure 1 shows a cylinder containing 0.1 m3 of water vapour
mixture with 1% of its volume in the liquid state (position 1). The
piston weights 100 kN and has a cross-sectional area of 0.5 m2. The
system is exposed to the atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa.
50 kN/m
(3)

(2)
(2)

2m

(1)

Q
Figure 1: A Piston-cylinder arrangement

Heat is added at a rate of 600 W causing the piston to move from

position 1 to position 2
2, where only saturated vapour exists and the
piston touches the spring with a spring constant of 50 kN/m. At that
position, heat is removed. Due to heat loss, the piston drops to
position 2
2 , where the quality of water vapour is 0
0.9.
9 An additional
amount of heat Q is applied to the system causing the piston to
move up to position 3 and stop.

(a) Draw a P-v diagram of the system and show how the states
change from 1 to 3.
( ) Calculate
(b)
C
the initial temperature, the quality and the total
mass of the fluid.
((c)) Calculate the distance from p
position 1 to p
position 2 (p
(piston
at initial state to the spring) and the required time.
(d) What is the final temperature at state 3?
(e) What is the amount of heat introduced during the process
2 to 3.

(a) P-v diagram of the system and show

the states changing from 1 to 3.

T2

P3

(a) Calculate the initial temperature, the quality and the total
mass of the fluid.

Vliq + Vgas = V1 = 0.001 + 0.099 = 0.1 m3

Vliq = 0.001 m3, Vgas = 0.099 m3

State 1
Force Balance
P1 Ap Fp Patm.Ap = 0 => P1 = Fp/Ap + Patm. = 100/0.5 + 100 = 300 kPa
vf @300 kPa = 0.001073 m3/kg
vg @300 kPa = 0.60582 m3/kg
mliq = Vliq/ vf @300 kPa = 0.001/0.001073 = 0.932 kg
mgas = Vgas/ vf @300 kPa = 0.099/0.60582 = 0.163415 kg

Total mass
mt = mliq
0 932 + 0.163415
0 163415 = 1.095
1 095 kg
li + mgas = 0.932
Quality x = 0.163415/1.095 = 0.15
Initial Temperature
T1 = Tsat@300 kPa = 133.52 oC
(c) Calculate the distance from position 1 to position 2 (piston
at initial state to the spring) and the required time
State 2
V2 = mt vg@300 kPa = 1.095 0.60582 = 0.663373 m3
L1 = V1/Ap = 0.1/0.5 => L1 = 0.2 m
L2 = V2/Ap => L2 = 0.663373/0.5= 1.327 m
L1-2 = 1.327 0.2 = 1.127 m

Energy balance (states 1 and 2)

=> Win = mt ((h2 h1)
Here h2 = hg@300 kPa = 2724.9 kJ/kg and hf@300 kPa = 561. 43 kJ/kg

50 kN/m

h1 = 561.43 + 0.15 2163.5 = 885.955 kJ/kg

g
(3)

=> W t = 1.095 (2724.9 885.955)

=> t = (2013.64
(
1000)/(600)
)/(
) = 3356 s

(2)
(2))
(2

(1)

At Position 2
h2 =561.43 + 0.9 2163.5 = 2508.58 kJ/kg

v2 = 0.001073 + 0.9 (0.60582 0.001073) = 0.545345 m3/kg

2m

Wspring = 0.5 (2.0-1.127)2 50

= 19.05
19 05 kJ
PF = FF / Ap = 50 (2-1.127)/(0.5) = 87.3 kPa
P3 = 300 + 87.3 = 387.3 kPa

P3

V3 = Ap ( 2 + 0.2) = 0.5 2.2 = 1.1 m3

v3 = V3/mt = 1.1/1.095 = 1.00457 m3/kg
Wgas = mt P1 (v3-v2) = 1.095 300 (1.00457 - 0.545345) = 150.85 kJ
State 3 (P3 =387.3 kPa and v3 =1.00457 m3/kg)
g superheated
p
Table of water,, we have ((by
y interpolation)
p
)
Using
h3 = 3640.9 kJ/kg
T3 = 571.61 oC

387.3 kPa = 0.387 MPa and v3 =1.00457 m3/kg

0.387 Mpa and 500 oC

v 0.88936
0.387 0.40

v 0.9280168
1.18672 0.88936 0.30 0.40
h 3485.5
0.387 0.40

h 3485.643 kJ / kg
3486.6 3485.5 0.30 0.40

0.387 Mpa and 600 oC

v 1.00558
0.387 0.40

v 1.0492353
1.341391.00558 0.30 0.40
h 3703.3
0.387 0.40

h 3703.39 kJ / kg
3704 3703.3 0.30 0.40
(At 0.387 Mpa, 1.00457 m3/kg)

T 500
1.00457 0.9280168
T 563.15 oC

600 500 1.0492353 0.9280168

563.15 500
h 3485.643

h 3623.15kJ / kg
k
600 500 3703.39 3485.643
Energy
gy Balance (state
(
2 to 3))
Q = mt (h3 h2) + Wspring
Q = 1.095 (3623.15 - 2508.58) + 19.05
Q = 1239.50 kJ

Ques #01 (MA2003- SEM II 2013/14

Figure 1 shows a piston-cylinder-spring configuration. The system contains
2 5 x 10-33 m3 off liquid
2.5
li id water
t vapour mixture
i t
with
ith a quality
lit off 20 percent.
t At
the position shown, the piston is free to move. The piston weights 150 N
and has a cross-sectional area of 50 cm2. The system is exposed to the
atmospheric pressure of 95 kPa.
kPa The system is now brought in thermal
contact with a heat source of Q at 150 oC. Heat transfer from the reservoir
causes the final pressure of the fluid to be 500 kPa.
Spring Constant = 7.5 kN/m

0.5 m
0.2 m
Piston

Figure 1

(a) Draw the P-v diagram of the system and show how the states change
from initial to final.
(5 marks)
(b) Calculate the initial temperature and the total mass of the fluid.
(5 marks)
(c) Calculate the quality of water vapour when the piston touches the spring.
(3 marks)
k )
(d) Calculate the work done by the gas and the spring.
(6 marks)
(e) Calculate the amount of heat
heat, Q.
Q to the system
(6 marks)

(a) P-v diagram

P

Pf

Pi

3
1

v1

v2

v3
Wgas

(b) Calculate the initial temperature and the total mass of

the fluid.
V1 = 2.5 x 10-3 m3
x 20% 0.2 , Ap = 50 cm2 = 0.005 m2

Patm = 95 kPa
Initial State
Force Balance
P1 Ap Fp Patm.Ap = 0 => P1 = Fp/Ap + Patm. = 150/0.005 Pa + 95 kPa = 125 kPa
vf @125 kPa = 0.001048 m3/kg
vg @125 kPa = 1.3750 m3/kg

v1 v f xvg v f 0.001048 0.2 1.3750 0.001048 0.2758 m3/kg

Total mass

V 2.5 103
9.064 10 3 kg
k
m
v1
0.2758
Ti = Tsat@125 kPa = 105.97 oC
h1 h f xh fg 444.36 0.2 2240.6 892.48 kJ/kg

(c) Calculate the quality of water vapour when the piston

touches the spring.
St t 2
State
V2 = V1 + Ap x 0.2 = 2.5 x 10-3 + 0.005 x 0.2 = 3.5 x 10-3 m3

v2 V2 / m 3.5 103 9.064 103 0.3861 m3/kg

x2

vf

0.3861 0.001048 0.28

1.3750 0.001048
g vf
2

(d) Calculate the work done by the gas and the spring.
Final State

Pf = 500 kPa
P 500 125 375 kPa

Fs K .s

AP
AP

P AP 375 0.005

0.25 m
K
7 .5

Final volume:
V3 = V2+ Ap x 0.25 = 3.5 x 10-3 + 0.005 x 0.25 = 4.75 x 10-3 m3
v3 V3 / m 4.75 103 9.064 103 0.524 m3/kg

At Pf = 500 kPa, vg = 0.37483 m3/kg

0.25m

Here v3 vg @ 500 kPa so the final state is superheated vapour.

h3 hg @ 500 kPa & 0.524 m 3 / kg

h3 hg @ 500 kPa & 0.524 m 3 / kg =>

h3 3064.6
0.524 0.52261
h3 3067.63 kJ/kg

3168.1 3064.6 0.57015 0.52261

Energy balance (states 1 and 3):

=> W = Wgas + Wspring

W mPi v3 v1

1
m v3 v2 Pf Pi
2

Wgas 9.064 103 125 0.524 0.2758 0.2812 kJ

Wspring

1
9.064 10 3 0.524 0.3861 375 0.2344 kJ
2

W = 0.5156 kJ

(e) Calculate the amount of heat, Q. to the system

Energy Balance
Q = m (h3 h1) + Wspring
Q 9.064 103.3067.63 892.48 0.2344

Q = 19.95
19 95 kJ

Ques #02 _b (MA2003- SEM II 2013/14

Water
W
t vapour with
ith a flow
fl
rate
t off 10 kg/s
k / enters
t
an adiabatic
di b ti steam
t
turbine
t bi att
10 MPa and 500 oC at a velocity of 80 m/s at state 1 as shown in Figure 2(b)
and leaves at state 2 as saturated vapour at the velocity of 30 m/s and
pressure of 200 kPa.
kPa The water vapour then enters a pipe and finally the
fluid exits at state 3 [please see Figure 2 (b)] with a quality of 60% at the
velocity of 20 m/s. The pressure at state 3 is 100 kPa. Please note that there
is no height difference between state 1 and state 2
2.
Write the overall mass and energy balances for the processes from state 1
to state 2 and from state 2 to state 3 under steady state steady flow
conditions.
((5 marks))
Calculate the work output of the steam turbine.
(5 marks)
Calculate the heat transfer along the pipe between states 2 and 3.
(5 marks)

h1 hg @ 10 MPa & 500 o C 3375.1 kJ/kg

h2 hg @ 200 kPa 2706.3 kJ/kg

g
m 10 kg/s

Steam
Turbine

Under steady state conditions

m m 1 m 2 m 3
Energy Balance (states 1 and 2)

E1 E 2
2
2

V
V
Q in Win m 1 h1 1 gz1 Q out Wout m 2 h2 2 gz2
2
2

V12
V22

Qin Win m 1 h1
gz2
gz1 Qout Wout m 2 h2
2
2

Wout

V12 V22

m h1 h2

2
2

5m
3

Energy Balance (states 1 and 2)

2
2

V
V
Q in Win m 2 h2 2 gz2 Q out Wout m 3 h3 3 gz3
2
2

2
2

V
V
2
3

Qin Win m h2
gz2 Qout Wout m h3
gz3
2
2

Q out

V32
V22
m h3
gz3 m h2
gz2
2
2

Q out

V22 V32
g z2 z3
m h2 h3

2
2

(ii)

h3 h f @ 100 kPa x.hg @ 100 kPa h1@ 100 kPa

h3 417.51 0.6 .2257.5 = 1772.01 kJ/kg

Work output of the steam Turbine:

Wout

V12 V22

m h1 h2

2
2

Wout

802 302
10 3375.1 2706.3
6715.5 kW
2 1000

(iii)
H t ttransfer
Heat
f along
l
the
th pipe
i
Q out

Q out

V22 V32
g z2 z3
m h2 h3

2
2

30 2 202 9.81 5

10 2706.3 1772.01

2 1000 1000

Q out 9345.9 kW