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1.

2.

---- the growth in e-mail and fax transmissions,


many communications are still best handled by
face-to-face or voice-to-voice contact..

6.

---- popular belief, laboratory experiments show


that men have a higher pain tolerance than
women..

A) Contrary to

A) Compared to

B) In spite of

B) Contrary to

C) By means of

C) As regards

D) Since

D) Rather than

E) As regards

E) In case of

---- the eminent Victorian biologist


Thomas Huxley, the great sea fisheries
were inexhaustible..

7.

---- numerous reformist policies that have helped


to improve the economic conditions in the
country, the standard of living for the poor has
improved very little..

A) In accord with
A) Instead of

B) In view of

B) Despite

C) With regard to

C) In connection with

D) According to

D) According to

E) In the case of

E) As regards
3.

In Scandinavia, wild life in many rivers has been


destroyed ---- the devastating power of acid
rain..

8.

A) in spite of

4.

Several studies have recently shown that, ---popular stereotypes, most grandparents do not
wish to take on a parental role toward their
grandchildren..

B) because of

A) by means of

C) as opposed to

B) owing to

D) in terms of

C) contrary to

E) as regards

D) for the sake of

Italy declared its neutrality upon the outbreak of


World War I ---- that Germany had
embarked upon an offensive war..

E) in addition to
9.

A) as soon as

---- poor soil and poor agricultural methods in


many parts of the African continent, even in
years with enough rain, farmers are not able to
produce surplus crops..

B) owing to
A) Despite of

C) in view of

B) In addition to

D) on the grounds

C) Because of

E) such as

D) Rather than
5.

There is no reason why man, ---- the other


animals, should have a monopoly on laughter ---a social tool. .

E) By means of
10.

A) in addition to / so

Global demand for coal will continue to expand


over the next five years ---- governments
attempts to reduce reliance on this fuel..

B) compared with / such


C) in opposition to / thus
D) as opposed to / as
E) on account of / just

A) in spite of
B) as a result of
C) as well as
D) due to
E) in case of

11.

12.

---- populating both the inner and outer surfaces


of the human body, microbes abound in the soil,
the seas, and the air..

16.

According to new research by US biologists, the


fearsome roars of lions and tigers are ---- the
unusual shape of their vocal chords..

A) According to

A) in terms of

B) As to

B) rather than

C) In contrast to

C) on behalf of

D) In addition to

D) due to

E) In order to

E) as well as

Compared with industrialized economies, most


developing countries are poor in the essential
factors of production ---- capital and skilled
labour..

17.

Political instability and misguided economic


policies often discourage investment ---reducing economic efficiency..
A) in favour of

A) more than

B) in addition to

B) either

C) except for

C) so that

D) contrary to

D) the most

E) in spite of

E) such as
18.
13.

Every Turkish citizen over the age of 25 is


eligible to be a deputy in Parliament ---- he or
she has completed primary education and has
not been convicted of a serious crime..

Despite the passage of a decade since its


opening, the Maritime Museum in Istanbul
remains undeservedly little-known today ---- a
lack of publicity. .
A) instead of

A) with the idea that


B) from the point of view that
C) despite the fact that
D)

by the fact that

B)

in spite of

C)

contrary to

D)

as to

E) owing to

E) on condition that
19.
14.

---- the role of the school in developing students


civic values, most proponents of citizenship
education agree that it should involve a range of
democratic values such as the sense of public
responsibility..

In veterinary medicine, federal governments and


professional associations keep data on animal
euthanasia and, ---- the research results
obtained so far, have developed guidelines and
procedures..
A) in the hope of

A) At least

B) as of

B) In spite of
C) In comparison to
D) With regard to

C)

in case of

D)

in accordance with

E) on behalf of

E) Rather than
20.
15.

---- mechanical impact, certain impurities


would make such explosives unstable if they
were stored in warm conditions..

A chemistry journal plans to publish this


hotly disputed article ---- an addendum that
questions some of its conclusions..
A) over against

A) Involving
B) Including
C) In case
D) Contrary to
E) Even without

B) along with
C) from under
D) up against
E) out of

21.

Money spent to treat AIDS patients, ---- the


victims of other diseases, creates an economic
burden for governments in Africa..
A) as well as
B) such as
C) despite
D) owing to
E) for instance

22.

Most of the worlds trade today is in


manufactured goods and services ---- agricultural
goods and natural resources..
A) rather than
B) such as
C) just as
D) except for
E) so much as

23.

---- being a personal relationship between two


people, marriage is one of societys most
important and basic institutions..
A) Instead of
B) In addition to
C) Because of
D) In opposition to
E) In case of

24.

Musical performers can be classified into many


different categories ---- vocalists and
instrumentalists..
A) as well as
B) both
C) such as
D) either
E) more than

25.

Africa, as the worlds least industrialized


continent, must depend on the export of nonmanufactured commodities ---- coffee and gold
for its wealth..
A) that is
B) in spite of
C) according to
D) in terms of
E) such as

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